Chapter 164 - Educational Opportunities

Sec. 10-15. Towns to maintain schools. Public schools including kindergartens shall be maintained in each town for at least one hundred eighty days of actual school sessions during each year, and for the school year commencing July 1, 2014, and each school year thereafter, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-66q. When public school sessions are cancelled for reasons of inclement weather or otherwise, the rescheduled sessions shall not be held on Saturday or Sunday. Public schools may conduct weekend education programs to provide supplemental and remedial services to students. A local or regional board of education for a school that has been designated as a low achieving school pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subdivision (1) of subsection (e) of section 10-223e, or a category four school or a category five school pursuant to said section 10-223e, may increase the number of actual school sessions during each year, and may increase the number of hours of actual school work per school session in order to improve student performance and remove the school from the list of schools designated as a low achieving school maintained by the State Board of Education. The State Board of Education (1) may authorize the shortening of any school year for a school district, a school or a portion of a school on account of an unavoidable emergency, and (2) may authorize implementation of scheduling of school sessions to permit full year use of facilities which may not offer each child one hundred eighty days of school sessions within a given school year, but which assures an opportunity for each child to average a minimum of one hundred eighty days of school sessions per year during thirteen years of educational opportunity in the elementary and secondary schools. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section and section 10-16, the State Board of Education may, upon application by a local or regional board of education, approve for any single school year, in whole or in part, a plan to implement alternative scheduling of school sessions which assures at least four hundred fifty hours of actual school work for nursery schools and half-day kindergartens and at least nine hundred hours of actual school work for full-day kindergartens and grades one to twelve, inclusive.

(1949 Rev., S. 1349; 1967, P.A. 288, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 370, S. 1; 442; 1972, P.A. 120, S. 1; P.A. 75-284; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 9; P.A. 80-241; P.A. 88-123; P.A. 98-243, S. 12, 25; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-1, S. 36, 51; P.A. 11-85, S. 3; P.A. 12-116, S. 26; P.A. 13-247, S. 323.)

History: 1967 act included kindergartens and changed usual minimum age for entrance from 6 to 5; 1971 acts rewrote provision concerning studies of alcohol and narcotics effects to include nicotine, tobacco and all controlled drugs and their effect on citizenship and personality as well as on health and character and specified that rescheduled school sessions may not be held on Saturday or Sunday; 1972 act added provision allowing full year use of facilities “which may not offer each child one hundred eighty days of school sessions within a given school year” but which will average out as 180 days per year over 13-year course of education; P.A. 75-284 forbade discrimination on grounds of sex, religion or national origin and required equal participation opportunities for any child in any school activity, program or course of study; P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 deleted provisions dealing with age of students, discrimination and equal opportunity and deleted detailed prescribed course of study; P.A. 80-241 added provisions concerning alternate scheduling of school sessions; P.A. 88-123 added Subdiv. designations and in Subdiv. (1) added “for a school district, a school or a portion of school”; P.A. 98-243 added language to set different requirements for half and full-day kindergarten programs, effective July 1, 1998; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-1 authorized public schools to conduct weekend education programs to provide supplemental and remedial services to students, effective July 1, 1999 (Revisor's note: The phrase “... full-day kindergarten and grades one to twelve, inclusive.” at the end of the section was changed editorially by the Revisors to “... full-day kindergartens and grades one to twelve, inclusive.” for consistency); P.A. 11-85 authorized boards of education for low achieving schools to increase the number of actual school sessions during each year and the number of hours of actual school work per school session, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-116 added “or a category four school or a category five school pursuant to said section 10-223e” and made a technical change, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-247 added provision re number of days of actual school sessions each year in accordance with Sec. 10-66q for school years commencing on and after July 1, 2014, effective July 1, 2013.

What constitutes residence of a child for school purposes. 59 C. 491. Discretion of board of education to prescribe particular subjects is to be independently exercised. 127 C. 351. Cited. 135 C. 582; 147 C. 374; 152 C. 151; 218 C. 1; 238 C. 1.

Cited. 26 CS 123. When health instruction and physical education courses authorized. 29 CS 397. Plaintiff, eligible for public schooling, has standing to bring action for declaratory judgment that the distribution of funds for public schools do not meet constitutional standards. 31 CS 379.

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Sec. 10-15a. Discontinuance of kindergarten programs restricted. Section 10-15a is repealed.

(February, 1965, P.A. 87; 1967, P.A. 288, S. 3.)

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Sec. 10-15b. Access of parent or guardian to student's records. Inspection and subpoena of school or student records. (a) Either parent or legal guardian of a minor student shall, upon written request to a local or regional board of education and within a reasonable time, be entitled to knowledge of and access to all educational, medical, or similar records maintained in such student's cumulative record, including such student's class rank, except that no parent or legal guardian shall be entitled to information considered privileged under section 10-154a. Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit a parent who is incarcerated from being entitled to knowledge of and access to all educational, medical or similar records maintained in the cumulative record of any minor student of such incarcerated parent, except that such incarcerated parent shall not be entitled to such records if (1) such information is considered privileged under section 10-154a, (2) such incarcerated parent has been convicted in this state or any other state of a violation of section 53a-70, 53a-70a, 53a-71, 53a-72a, 53a-72b or 53a-73a, or (3) such incarcerated parent is prohibited from knowledge of or access to such student's cumulative record pursuant to a court order.

(b) The parent or legal guardian with whom the student does not primarily reside shall be provided with all school notices that are provided to the parent or legal guardian with whom the student primarily resides. Such notices shall be mailed to the parent or legal guardian requesting them at the same time they are provided to the parent or legal guardian with whom the child primarily resides. Such requests shall be effective for as long as the child remains in the school the child is attending at the time of the request.

(c) If any private or public school is served with a subpoena issued by competent authority directing the production of school or student records in connection with any proceedings in any court, the school upon which such subpoena is served may deliver such record or at its option a copy thereof to the clerk of such court. Such clerk shall give a receipt for the same, shall be responsible for the safekeeping thereof, shall not permit the same to be removed from the premises of the court and shall notify the school to call for the same when it is no longer needed for use in court. Any such record or copy so delivered to such clerk shall be sealed in an envelope which shall indicate the name of the school or student, the name of the attorney subpoenaing the same and the title of the case referred to in the subpoena. No such record or copy shall be open to inspection by any person except upon the order of a judge of the court concerned, and any such record or copy shall at all times be subject to the order of such judge. Any and all parts of any such record or copy, if not otherwise inadmissible, shall be admitted in evidence without any preliminary testimony, if there is attached thereto the certification in affidavit form of the person in charge of such records indicating that such record or copy is the original record or a copy thereof, made in the regular course of the business of the school, and that it was the regular course of such business to make such record at the time of the transactions, occurrences or events recorded therein or within a reasonable time thereafter. A subpoena directing production of such school or student records shall be served not less than eighteen hours before the time for production, provided such subpoena shall be valid if served less than eighteen hours before the time of production if written notice of intent to serve such subpoena has been delivered to the person in charge of such records not less than eighteen hours or more than two weeks before such time for production.

(P.A. 73-74; P.A. 78-218, S. 12; P.A. 85-554, S. 4, 6; P.A. 86-223; P.A. 06-115, S. 2; P.A. 07-217, S. 41; P.A. 17-68, S. 4; P.A. 22-116, S. 2.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted “board of education” for “school board”; P.A. 85-554 added Subsec. (b) establishing procedures for inspection and subpoena of school or student records; P.A. 86-223 required serving of subpoena at least 18 hours before time for production of records rather than 24 hours before as was previously required; P.A. 06-115 added new Subsec. (b) re school notices to the parent or guardian with whom the student does not primarily reside and redesignated existing Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (c), effective July 1, 2006; P.A. 07-217 made a technical change in Subsec. (c), effective July 12, 2007; P.A. 17-68 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provision re incarcerated parents, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 22-116 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “including such student's class rank,”, effective July 1, 2022.

Cited. 211 C. 555; 230 C. 43.

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Sec. 10-15c. Discrimination in public schools prohibited. School attendance by five-year-olds. (a) The public schools shall be open to all children five years of age and over who reach age five on or before the first day of January of any school year, and each such child shall have, and shall be so advised by the appropriate school authorities, an equal opportunity to participate in the activities, programs and courses of study offered in such public schools, at such time as the child becomes eligible to participate in such activities, programs and courses of study, without discrimination on account of race, as defined in section 46a-51, color, sex, gender identity or expression, religion, national origin, sexual orientation or disability; provided boards of education may, by vote at a meeting duly called, admit to any school children under five years of age.

(b) Nothing in subsection (a) of this section shall be deemed to amend other provisions of the general statutes with respect to curricula, facilities or extracurricular activities.

(P.A. 78-218, S. 10; P.A. 79-128, S. 12, 36; P.A. 80-405, S. 1, 4; P.A. 81-472, S. 10, 159; P.A. 88-360, S. 3, 63; P.A. 97-247, S. 6, 27; P.A. 11-55, S. 8; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 405.)

History: P.A. 79-128 required equal opportunity to participate in activities, programs and courses of study, deleting former possible limitation of equal opportunity, i.e. “within the limits of existing expenditures in any one school year”; P.A. 80-405 required school authorities to advise children of opportunities available when they are eligible to participate; P.A. 81-472 made technical changes; P.A. 88-360 substituted the provision that public schools be open to all children “who reach age five on or before the first day of January of any school year” for the provision that boards of education “may exclude children who will not attain the age of five years until after the first day of January of any school year”; P.A. 97-247 designated the existing section as Subsec. (a), added “sexual orientation” and added Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 11-55 amended Subsec. (a) to prohibit discrimination on account of gender identity or expression; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “as defined in section 46a-51,” to provision re race, adding “or disability”, and making a conforming change, effective June 23, 2021.

Cited. 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24; 238 C. 1.

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Sec. 10-15d. Applicability of education statutes to the Unified School Districts and the Technical Education and Career System. For the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1987, and annually thereafter, all provisions of the general statutes concerning education, except those provisions relating to the eligibility for noncompetitive state aid unless otherwise provided, shall apply to the operation of the State of Connecticut-Unified School District #2 established pursuant to section 17a-37 within the Department of Children and Families and State of Connecticut-Unified School District #1 established pursuant to section 18-99a within the Department of Correction. All provisions of the general statutes concerning education, except those provisions relating to the eligibility for state aid unless otherwise provided, shall apply to the operation of the Technical Education and Career System, established pursuant to the provisions of section 10-95. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, where such a school or school district shows that a particular statutory provision should not apply, the commissioner may grant an exception.

(P.A. 81-197; P.A. 83-169, S. 7; P.A. 87-499, S. 1, 34; P.A. 93-91, S. 1, 2; P.A. 07-73, S. 2(a); P.A. 12-116, S. 87; P.A. 14-231, S. 63; P.A. 17-237, S. 42.)

History: P.A. 83-169 changed name designations of special school districts, amending internal references accordingly; P.A. 87-499 substituted 1987 for 1981, made the unified school districts eligible for competitive state aid and deleted the reference to the E.O. Smith School; (Revisor's note: In 1993 an incorrect internal reference to “section 17a-38” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “section 17a-37”); P.A. 93-91 substituted commissioner and department of children and families for commissioner and department of children and youth services, effective July 1, 1993; pursuant to P.A. 07-73 “Department of Mental Retardation” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Department of Developmental Services”, effective October 1, 2007; pursuant to P.A. 12-116, “vocational-technical schools” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “technical high schools”, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 14-231 deleted reference to State of Connecticut-Unified School District #3 and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2014; P.A. 17-237 replaced “technical high schools” with “Technical Education and Career System”, effective July 1, 2017.

Cited. 45 CS 57.

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Sec. 10-15e. Applicability of education statutes to incorporated or endowed high schools or academies. All provisions of the general statutes concerning teachers shall apply to teachers employed by incorporated or endowed high schools or academies approved under the provisions of section 10-34. Teachers who are not certified and employed by such high schools or academies prior to June 30, 1983, shall be excluded from the provisions of this section until certified.

(P.A. 83-219, S. 1, 4.)

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Sec. 10-15f. Interstate Compact on Educational Opportunity for Military Children.

Interstate Compact on Educational Opportunity for Military Children.

ARTICLE I

PURPOSE

It is the purpose of this compact to remove barriers to educational success imposed on children of military families because of frequent moves and deployment of their parents by:

A. Facilitating the timely enrollment of children of military families and ensuring that they are not placed at a disadvantage due to difficulty in the transfer of education records from the previous school districts or variations in entrance or age requirements.

B. Facilitating the student placement process through which children of military families are not disadvantaged by variations in attendance requirements, scheduling, sequencing, grading, course content or assessment.

C. Facilitating the qualification and eligibility for enrollment, educational programs, and participation in extracurricular academic, athletic, and social activities.

D. Facilitating the on-time graduation of children of military families.

E. Providing for the promulgation and enforcement of administrative rules implementing the provisions of this compact.

F. Providing for the uniform collection and sharing of information between and among member states, schools and military families under this compact.

G. Promoting coordination between this compact and other compacts affecting military children.

H. Promoting flexibility and cooperation between the educational system, parents and the student in order to achieve educational success for the student.

ARTICLE II

DEFINITIONS

As used in this compact, unless the context clearly requires a different construction:

A. “Active duty” means full-time duty status in the active uniformed service of the United States, including members of the National Guard and Reserve on active duty orders pursuant to 10 USC Section 1209 and 1211.

B. “Children of military families” means school-aged children, enrolled in kindergarten through twelfth grade, in the household of an active duty member.

C. “Compact commissioner” means the voting representative of each compacting state appointed pursuant to Article VIII of this compact.

D. “Deployment” means the period one month prior to the service members' departure from their home station on military orders to six months after return to their home station.

E. “Educational records” means the official records, files, and data directly related to a student and maintained by the school or local education agency, including, but not limited, to records encompassing all the material kept in the student's cumulative folder such as general identifying data, records of attendance and of academic work completed, records of achievement and results of evaluative tests, health data, disciplinary status, test protocols and individualized education programs.

F. “Extracurricular activities” means a voluntary activity sponsored by the school or local education agency or an organization sanctioned by the local education agency. Extracurricular activities include, but are not limited to, preparation for and involvement in public performances, contests, athletic competitions, demonstrations, displays and club activities.

G. “Interstate Commission on Educational Opportunity for Military Children” means the commission that is created under Article IX of this compact, which is generally referred to as the Interstate Commission.

H. “Local education agency” means a public authority legally constituted by the state as an administrative agency to provide control of and direction for kindergarten through twelfth grade public educational institutions.

I. “Member state” means a state that has enacted this compact.

J. “Military installation” means a base, camp, post, station, yard, center, homeport facility for any ship, or other activity under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense, including any leased facility, which is located within any of the several states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Marianas Islands and any other U.S. Territory. Such term does not include any facility used primarily for civil works, rivers and harbors projects, or flood control projects.

K. “Nonmember state” means a state that has not enacted this compact.

L. “Receiving state” means the state to which a child of a military family is sent, brought or caused to be sent or brought.

M. “Rule” means a written statement by the Interstate Commission promulgated pursuant to Article XII of this compact that is of general applicability, implements, interprets or prescribes a policy or provision of the compact, or an organizational, procedural or practice requirement of the Interstate Commission, and has the force and effect of statutory law in a member state, and includes the amendment, repeal or suspension of an existing rule.

N. “Sending state” means the state from which a child of a military family is sent, brought or caused to be sent or brought.

O. “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Marianas Islands and any other U.S. territory.

P. “Student” means the child of a military family for whom the local education agency receives public funding and who is formally enrolled in kindergarten through twelfth grade.

Q. “Transition” means (1) the formal and physical process of transferring from school to school, or (2) the period of time in which a student moves from one school in the sending state to another school in the receiving state.

R. “Uniformed services” means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard as well as the Commissioned Corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Public Health Services.

S. “Veteran” means a person who served in the uniformed services and who was discharged or released therefrom under conditions other than dishonorable.

ARTICLE III

APPLICABILITY

A. Except as otherwise provided in Section B, this compact shall apply to the children of:

1. Active duty members of the uniformed services as defined in this compact, including members of the National Guard and Reserve on active duty orders pursuant to 10 USC Section 1209 and 1211;

2. Members or veterans of the uniformed services who are severely injured and medically discharged or retired for a period of one year after medical discharge or retirement; and

3. Members of the uniformed services who die on active duty or as a result of injuries sustained on active duty for a period of one year after death.

B. The provisions of this interstate compact shall only apply to local education agencies as defined in this compact.

C. The provisions of this compact shall not apply to the children of:

1. Inactive members of the National Guard and military reserves;

2. Members of the uniformed services now retired, except as provided in Section A;

3. Veterans of the uniformed services, except as provided in Section A of this Article; and

4. Other U.S. Dept. of Defense personnel and other federal agency civilian and contract employees not defined as active duty members of the uniformed services.

ARTICLE IV

EDUCATIONAL RECORDS & ENROLLMENT

A. In the event that official education records cannot be released to the parents for the purpose of transfer, the custodian of the records in the sending state shall prepare and furnish to the parent a complete set of unofficial educational records containing uniform information as determined by the Interstate Commission. Upon receipt of the unofficial education records by a school in the receiving state, the school shall enroll and appropriately place the student based on the information provided in the unofficial records pending validation by the official records, as quickly as possible.

B. Simultaneous with the enrollment and conditional placement of the student, the school in the receiving state shall request the student's official education record from the school in the sending state. Upon receipt of this request, the school in the sending state will process and furnish the official education records to the school in the receiving state within ten days or within such time as is reasonably determined under the rules promulgated by the Interstate Commission.

C. Compacting states shall give thirty days from the date of enrollment or within such time as is reasonably determined under the rules promulgated by the Interstate Commission, for students to obtain any immunizations required by the receiving state. For a series of immunizations, initial vaccinations must be obtained within thirty days or within such time as is reasonably determined under the rules promulgated by the Interstate Commission.

D. Students shall be allowed to continue their enrollment at grade level in the receiving state commensurate with their grade level, including kindergarten, from a local education agency in the sending state at the time of transition, regardless of age. A student that has satisfactorily completed the prerequisite grade level in the local education agency in the sending state shall be eligible for enrollment in the next highest grade level in the receiving state, regardless of age. A student transferring after the start of the school year in the receiving state shall enter the school in the receiving state on their validated level from an accredited school in the sending state.

ARTICLE V

PLACEMENT & ATTENDANCE

A. When the student transfers before or during the school year, the receiving state school shall initially honor placement of the student in educational courses based on the student's enrollment in the sending state school and educational assessments conducted at the school in the sending state if the courses are offered. Course placement includes, but is not limited to, honors, International Baccalaureate, advanced placement, vocational, technical and career pathways courses. Continuing the student's academic program from the previous school and promoting placement in academically and career challenging courses should be paramount when considering placement. This does not preclude the school in the receiving state from performing subsequent evaluations to ensure appropriate placement and continued enrollment of the student in the courses.

B. The receiving state school shall initially honor placement of the student in educational programs based on current educational assessments conducted at the school in the sending state or participation and placement in like programs in the sending state. Such programs include, but are not limited to: (1) Gifted and talented programs; and (2) English as a second language. This does not preclude the school in the receiving state from performing subsequent evaluations to ensure appropriate placement of the student.

C. (1) In compliance with the federal requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C.A. Section 1400 et seq., the receiving state shall initially provide comparable services to a student with disabilities based on his current individualized education program; and (2) In compliance with the requirements of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C.A. Section 794, and with Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C.A. Sections 12131-12165, the receiving state shall make reasonable accommodations and modifications to address the needs of incoming students with disabilities, subject to an existing 504 or Title II Plan, to provide the student with equal access to education. This does not preclude the school in the receiving state from performing subsequent evaluations to ensure appropriate placement of the student.

D. Local education agency administrative officials shall have flexibility in waiving course and program prerequisites, or other preconditions for placement in courses and programs offered under the jurisdiction of the local education agency.

E. A student whose parent or legal guardian is an active duty member of the uniformed services, as defined by the compact, and has been called to duty for, is on leave from, or immediately returned from deployment to a combat zone or combat support posting, shall be granted additional excused absences at the discretion of the local education agency superintendent to visit with his parent or legal guardian relative to such leave or deployment of the parent or guardian.

ARTICLE VI

ELIGIBILITY

A. Eligibility for enrollment

1. Special power of attorney, relative to the guardianship of a child of a military family and executed under applicable law shall be sufficient for the purposes of enrollment and all other actions requiring parental participation and consent.

2. A local education agency shall be prohibited from charging local tuition to a transitioning military child placed in the care of a noncustodial parent or other person standing in loco parentis who lives in a jurisdiction other than that of the custodial parent.

3. A transitioning military child, placed in the care of a noncustodial parent or other person standing in loco parentis who lives in a jurisdiction other than that of the custodial parent, may continue to attend the school in which he was enrolled while residing with the custodial parent.

B. State and local education agencies shall facilitate the opportunity for transitioning military children's inclusion in extracurricular activities, regardless of application deadlines, to the extent they are otherwise qualified.

ARTICLE VII

GRADUATION

In order to facilitate the on-time graduation of children of military families states and local education agencies shall incorporate the following procedures:

A. Local education agency administrative officials shall waive specific courses required for graduation if similar course work has been satisfactorily completed in another local education agency or shall provide reasonable justification for denial. Should a waiver not be granted to a student who would qualify to graduate from the sending school, the local education agency shall provide an alternative means of acquiring required coursework so that graduation may occur on time.

B. States shall accept: (1) Exit or end-of-course exams required for graduation from the sending state; or (2) national norm-referenced achievement tests; or (3) alternative testing, in lieu of testing requirements for graduation in the receiving state. In the event the above alternatives cannot be accommodated by the receiving state for a student transferring in his senior year, then the provisions of Article VII, Section C shall apply.

C. Should a military student transferring at the beginning or during his or her senior year be ineligible to graduate from the receiving local education agency after all alternatives have been considered, the sending and receiving local education agencies shall ensure the receipt of a diploma from the sending local education agency, if the student meets the graduation requirements of the sending local education agency. In the event that one of the states in question is not a member of this compact, the member state shall use best efforts to facilitate the on-time graduation of the student in accordance with Sections A and B of this Article.

ARTICLE VIII

STATE COORDINATION

A. Each member state shall, through the creation of a State Council or use of an existing body or board, provide for the coordination among its agencies of government, local education agencies and military installations concerning the state's participation in, and compliance with, this compact and Interstate Commission activities. While each member state may determine the membership of its own State Council, its membership must include at least: The state superintendent of education, superintendent of a school district with a high concentration of military children, representative from a military installation, one representative each from the legislative and executive branches of government, and other offices and stakeholder groups the State Council deems appropriate. A member state that does not have a school district deemed to contain a high concentration of military children may appoint a superintendent from another school district to represent local education agencies on the State Council.

B. The State Council of each member state shall appoint or designate a military family education liaison to assist military families and the state in facilitating the implementation of this compact.

C. The compact commissioner responsible for the administration and management of the state's participation in the compact shall be appointed by the Governor or as otherwise determined by each member state.

D. The compact commissioner and the military family education liaison designated herein shall be ex-officio members of the State Council, unless either is already a full voting member of the State Council.

ARTICLE IX

INTERSTATE COMMISSION ON EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY
FOR MILITARY CHILDREN

The member states hereby create the “Interstate Commission on Educational Opportunity for Military Children”. The activities of the Interstate Commission are the formation of public policy and are a discretionary state function. The Interstate Commission shall:

A. Be a body corporate and joint agency of the member states and shall have all the responsibilities, powers and duties set forth herein, and such additional powers as may be conferred upon it by a subsequent concurrent action of the respective legislatures of the member states in accordance with the terms of this compact.

B. Consist of one Interstate Commission voting representative from each member state who shall be that state's compact commissioner.

1. Each member state represented at a meeting of the Interstate Commission is entitled to one vote.

2. A majority of the total member states shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, unless a larger quorum is required by the bylaws of the Interstate Commission.

3. A representative shall not delegate a vote to another member state. In the event the compact commissioner is unable to attend a meeting of the Interstate Commission, the Governor or State Council may delegate voting authority to another person from their state for a specified meeting.

4. The bylaws may provide for meetings of the Interstate Commission to be conducted by telecommunication or electronic communication.

C. Consist of ex-officio, nonvoting representatives who are members of interested organizations. Such ex-officio members, as defined in the bylaws, may include, but not be limited to, members of the representative organizations of military family advocates, local education agency officials, parent and teacher groups, the U.S. Department of Defense, the Education Commission of the States, the Interstate Agreement on the Qualification of Educational Personnel and other interstate compacts affecting the education of children of military members.

D. Meet at least once each calendar year. The chairperson may call additional meetings and, upon the request of a simple majority of the member states, shall call additional meetings.

E. Establish an executive committee, whose members shall include the officers of the Interstate Commission and such other members of the Interstate Commission as determined by the bylaws. Members of the executive committee shall serve a one-year term. Members of the executive committee shall be entitled to one vote each. The executive committee shall have the power to act on behalf of the Interstate Commission, with the exception of rulemaking, during periods when the Interstate Commission is not in session. The executive committee shall oversee the day-to-day activities of the administration of the compact including enforcement and compliance with the provisions of the compact, its bylaws and rules, and other such duties as deemed necessary. The U.S. Dept. of Defense, shall serve as an ex-officio, nonvoting member of the executive committee.

F. Establish bylaws and rules that provide for conditions and procedures under which the Interstate Commission shall make its information and official records available to the public for inspection or copying. The Interstate Commission may exempt from disclosure information or official records to the extent they would adversely affect personal privacy rights or proprietary interests.

G. Give public notice of all meetings and all meetings shall be open to the public, except as set forth in the rules or as otherwise provided in the compact. The Interstate Commission and its committees may close a meeting, or portion thereof, where it determines by two-thirds vote that an open meeting would be likely to:

1. Relate solely to the Interstate Commission's internal personnel practices and procedures;

2. Disclose matters specifically exempted from disclosure by federal and state statute;

3. Disclose trade secrets or commercial or financial information which is privileged or confidential;

4. Involve accusing a person of a crime, or formally censuring a person;

5. Disclose information of a personal nature where disclosure would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;

6. Disclose investigative records compiled for law enforcement purposes; or

7. Specifically relate to the Interstate Commission's participation in a civil action or other legal proceeding.

H. Cause its legal counsel or designee to certify that a meeting may be closed and shall reference each relevant exemptible provision for any meeting, or portion of a meeting, which is closed pursuant to this provision. The Interstate Commission shall keep minutes which shall fully and clearly describe all matters discussed in a meeting and shall provide a full and accurate summary of actions taken, and the reasons therefor, including a description of the views expressed and the record of a roll call vote. All documents considered in connection with an action shall be identified in such minutes. All minutes and documents of a closed meeting shall remain under seal, subject to release by a majority vote of the Interstate Commission.

I. Collect standardized data concerning the educational transition of the children of military families under this compact as directed through its rules which shall specify the data to be collected, the means of collection and data exchange and reporting requirements. Such methods of data collection, exchange and reporting shall, insofar as is reasonably possible, conform to current technology and coordinate its information functions with the appropriate custodian of records as identified in the bylaws and rules.

J. Create a process that permits military officials, education officials and parents to inform the Interstate Commission if and when there are alleged violations of the compact or its rules or when issues subject to the jurisdiction of the compact or its rules are not addressed by the state or local education agency. This section shall not be construed to create a private right of action against the Interstate Commission or any member state.

ARTICLE X

POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE INTERSTATE COMMISSION

The Interstate Commission shall have the following powers:

A. To provide for dispute resolution among member states.

B. To promulgate rules and take all necessary actions to effect the goals, purposes and obligations as enumerated in this compact. The rules shall have the force and effect of statutory law and shall be binding in the compact states to the extent and in the manner provided in this compact.

C. To issue, upon request of a member state, advisory opinions concerning the meaning or interpretation of the interstate compact, its bylaws, rules and actions.

D. To enforce compliance with the compact provisions, the rules promulgated by the Interstate Commission, and the bylaws, using all necessary and proper means, including but not limited to the use of judicial process.

E. To establish and maintain offices which shall be located within one or more of the member states.

F. To purchase and maintain insurance and bonds.

G. To borrow, accept, hire or contract for services of personnel.

H. To establish and appoint committees including, but not limited to, an executive committee as required by Article IX, Section E, which shall have the power to act on behalf of the Interstate Commission in carrying out its powers and duties hereunder.

I. To elect or appoint such officers, attorneys, employees, agents, or consultants, and to fix their compensation, define their duties and determine their qualifications; and to establish the Interstate Commission's personnel policies and programs relating to conflicts of interest, rates of compensation, and qualifications of personnel.

J. To accept any and all donations and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials, and services, and to receive, utilize, and dispose of it.

K. To lease, purchase, accept contributions or donations of, or otherwise to own, hold, improve or use any property, real, personal or mixed.

L. To sell, convey, mortgage, pledge, lease, exchange, abandon, or otherwise dispose of any property, real, personal or mixed.

M. To establish a budget and make expenditures.

N. To adopt a seal and bylaws governing the management and operation of the Interstate Commission.

O. To report annually to the legislatures, governors, judiciary, and state councils of the member states concerning the activities of the Interstate Commission during the preceding year. Such reports shall also include any recommendations that may have been adopted by the Interstate Commission.

P. To coordinate education, training and public awareness regarding the compact, its implementation and operation for officials and parents involved in such activity.

Q. To establish uniform standards for the reporting, collecting and exchanging of data.

R. To maintain corporate books and records in accordance with the bylaws.

S. To perform such functions as may be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this compact.

T. To provide for the uniform collection and sharing of information between and among member states, schools and military families under this compact.

ARTICLE XI

ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF THE INTERSTATE COMMISSION

A. The Interstate Commission shall, by a majority of the members present and voting, within twelve months after the first Interstate Commission meeting, adopt bylaws to govern its conduct as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the compact, including, but not limited to:

1. Establishing the fiscal year of the Interstate Commission;

2. Establishing an executive committee, and such other committees as may be necessary;

3. Providing for the establishment of committees and for governing any general or specific delegation of authority or function of the Interstate Commission;

4. Providing reasonable procedures for calling and conducting meetings of the Interstate Commission, and ensuring reasonable notice of each such meeting;

5. Establishing the titles and responsibilities of the officers and staff of the Interstate Commission;

6. Providing a mechanism for concluding the operations of the Interstate Commission and the return of surplus funds that may exist upon the termination of the compact after the payment and reserving of all of its debts and obligations;

7. Providing start-up rules for initial administration of the compact.

B. The Interstate Commission shall, by a majority of the members, elect annually from among its members a chairperson, a vice-chairperson, and a treasurer, each of whom shall have such authority and duties as may be specified in the bylaws. The chairperson or, in the chairperson's absence or disability, the vice-chairperson, shall preside at all meetings of the Interstate Commission. The officers so elected shall serve without compensation or remuneration from the Interstate Commission provided that, subject to the availability of budgeted funds, the officers shall be reimbursed for ordinary and necessary costs and expenses incurred by them in the performance of their responsibilities as officers of the Interstate Commission.

C. Executive Committee, Officers and Personnel

1. The executive committee shall have such authority and duties as may be set forth in the bylaws, including, but not limited to:

a. Managing the affairs of the Interstate Commission in a manner consistent with the bylaws and purposes of the Interstate Commission;

b. Overseeing an organizational structure within, and appropriate procedures for the Interstate Commission to provide for the creation of rules, operating procedures, and administrative and technical support functions; and

c. Planning, implementing, and coordinating communications and activities with other state, federal and local government organizations in order to advance the goals of the Interstate Commission.

2. The executive committee may, subject to the approval of the Interstate Commission, appoint or retain an executive director for such period, upon such terms and conditions and for such compensation, as the Interstate Commission may deem appropriate. The executive director shall serve as secretary to the Interstate Commission, but shall not be a member of the Interstate Commission. The executive director shall hire and supervise such other persons as may be authorized by the Interstate Commission.

D. The Interstate Commission's executive director and its employees shall be immune from suit and liability, either personally or in their official capacity, for a claim for damage to or loss of property or personal injury or other civil liability caused or arising out of or relating to an actual or alleged act, error, or omission that occurred, or that such person had a reasonable basis for believing occurred, within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities provided, such person shall not be protected from suit or liability for damage, loss, injury, or liability caused by the intentional or willful and wanton misconduct of such person.

1. The liability of the Interstate Commission's executive director and employees or Interstate Commission representatives, acting within the scope of such person's employment or duties for acts, errors, or omissions occurring within such person's state may not exceed the limits of liability set forth under the Constitution and laws of that state for state officials, employees, and agents. The Interstate Commission is considered to be an instrumentality of the states for the purposes of any such action. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to protect such person from suit or liability for damage, loss, injury, or liability caused by the intentional or willful and wanton misconduct of such person.

2. The Interstate Commission shall defend the executive director and its employees and, subject to the approval of the Attorney General or other appropriate legal counsel of the member state represented by an Interstate Commission representative, shall defend such Interstate Commission representative in any civil action seeking to impose liability arising out of an actual or alleged act, error or omission that occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties or responsibilities, or that the defendant had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities, provided that the actual or alleged act, error, or omission did not result from intentional or willful and wanton misconduct on the part of such person.

3. To the extent not covered by the state involved, member state, or the Interstate Commission, the representatives or employees of the Interstate Commission shall be held harmless in the amount of a settlement or judgment, including attorney's fees and costs, obtained against such persons arising out of an actual or alleged act, error, or omission that occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities, or that such persons had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities, provided that the actual or alleged act, error, or omission did not result from intentional or willful and wanton misconduct on the part of such persons.

ARTICLE XII

RULEMAKING FUNCTIONS OF THE INTERSTATE COMMISSION

A. The Interstate Commission shall promulgate reasonable rules in order to effectively and efficiently achieve the purposes of this compact. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event the Interstate Commission exercises its rulemaking authority in a manner that is beyond the scope of the purposes of this compact, or the powers granted hereunder, then such an action by the Interstate Commission shall be invalid and have no force or effect.

B. Rules shall be made pursuant to a rulemaking process that substantially conforms to the “Model State Administrative Procedure Act,” of 1981 Act, Uniform Laws Annotated, Vol. 15, p.1 (2000) as amended, as may be appropriate to the operations of the Interstate Commission.

C. Not later than thirty days after a rule is promulgated, any person may file a petition for judicial review of the rule provided, the filing of such a petition shall not stay or otherwise prevent the rule from becoming effective unless the court finds that the petitioner has a substantial likelihood of success. The court shall give deference to the actions of the Interstate Commission consistent with applicable law and shall not find the rule to be unlawful if the rule represents a reasonable exercise of the Interstate Commission's authority.

D. If a majority of the legislatures of the compacting states rejects a rule by enactment of a statute or resolution in the same manner used to adopt the compact, then such rule shall have no further force and effect in any compacting state.

ARTICLE XIII

OVERSIGHT, ENFORCEMENT, AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION

A. Oversight

1. The executive, legislative and judicial branches of state government in each member state shall enforce this compact and shall take all actions necessary and appropriate to effectuate the compact's purposes and intent. The provisions of this compact and the rules promulgated hereunder shall have standing as statutory law.

2. All courts shall take judicial notice of the compact and the rules in any judicial or administrative proceeding in a member state pertaining to the subject matter of this compact which may affect the powers, responsibilities or actions of the Interstate Commission.

3. The Interstate Commission shall be entitled to receive all service of process in any such proceeding, and shall have standing to intervene in the proceeding for all purposes. Failure to provide service of process to the Interstate Commission shall render a judgment or order void as to the Interstate Commission, this compact or promulgated rules.

B. If the Interstate Commission determines that a member state has defaulted in the performance of its obligations or responsibilities under this compact, or the bylaws or promulgated rules, the Interstate Commission shall:

1. Provide written notice to the defaulting state and other member states of the nature of the default, the means of curing the default and any action taken by the Interstate Commission. The Interstate Commission shall specify the conditions by which the defaulting state must cure its default.

2. Provide remedial training and specific technical assistance regarding the default.

3. If the defaulting state fails to cure the default, the defaulting state shall be terminated from the compact upon an affirmative vote of a majority of the member states and all rights, privileges and benefits conferred by this compact shall be terminated from the effective date of termination. A cure of the default does not relieve the offending state of obligations or liabilities incurred during the period of the default.

4. Suspension or termination of membership in the compact shall be imposed only after all other means of securing compliance have been exhausted. Notice of intent to suspend or terminate shall be given by the Interstate Commission to the Governor, the majority and minority leaders of the defaulting state's legislature, and each of the member states.

5. The state which has been suspended or terminated is responsible for all assessments, obligations and liabilities incurred through the effective date of suspension or termination including obligations, the performance of which extends beyond the effective date of suspension or termination.

6. The Interstate Commission shall not bear any costs relating to any state that has been found to be in default or which has been suspended or terminated from the compact, unless otherwise mutually agreed upon in writing between the Interstate Commission and the defaulting state.

7. The defaulting state may appeal the action of the Interstate Commission by petitioning the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia or the federal district where the Interstate Commission has its principal offices. The prevailing party shall be awarded all costs of such litigation including reasonable attorney's fees.

C. Dispute Resolution

1. The Interstate Commission shall attempt, upon the request of a member state, to resolve disputes which are subject to the compact and which may arise among member states and between member and nonmember states.

2. The Interstate Commission shall promulgate a rule providing for both mediation and binding dispute resolution for disputes as appropriate.

D. Enforcement

1. The Interstate Commission, in the reasonable exercise of its discretion, shall enforce the provisions and rules of this compact.

2. The Interstate Commission may, by majority vote of the members, initiate legal action in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or, at the discretion of the Interstate Commission, in the federal district where the Interstate Commission has its principal offices, to enforce compliance with the provisions of the compact, its promulgated rules and bylaws, against a member state in default. The relief sought may include both injunctive relief and damages. In the event judicial enforcement is necessary the prevailing party shall be awarded all costs of such litigation including reasonable attorney's fees.

3. The remedies herein shall not be the exclusive remedies of the Interstate Commission. The Interstate Commission may avail itself of any other remedies available under state law or the regulation of a profession.

ARTICLE XIV

FINANCING OF THE INTERSTATE COMMISSION

A. The Interstate Commission shall pay, or provide for the payment of, the reasonable expenses of its establishment, organization and ongoing activities.

B. The Interstate Commission may levy on and collect an annual assessment from each member state to cover the cost of the operations and activities of the Interstate Commission and its staff which must be in a total amount sufficient to cover the Interstate Commission's annual budget as approved each year. The aggregate annual assessment amount shall be allocated based upon a formula to be determined by the Interstate Commission, which shall promulgate a rule binding upon all member states.

C. The Interstate Commission shall not incur obligations of any kind prior to securing the funds adequate to meet the same; nor shall the Interstate Commission pledge the credit of any of the member states, except by and with the authority of the member state.

D. The Interstate Commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements. The receipts and disbursements of the Interstate Commission shall be subject to the audit and accounting procedures established under its bylaws. However, all receipts and disbursements of funds handled by the Interstate Commission shall be audited yearly by a certified or licensed public accountant and the report of the audit shall be included in and become part of the annual report of the Interstate Commission.

ARTICLE XV

MEMBER STATES, EFFECTIVE DATE AND AMENDMENT

A. Any state is eligible to become a member state.

B. The compact shall become effective and binding upon legislative enactment of the compact into law by no less than ten of the states. The effective date shall be no earlier than December 1, 2007. Thereafter it shall become effective and binding as to any other member state upon enactment of the compact into law by that state. The governors of nonmember states or their designees shall be invited to participate in the activities of the Interstate Commission on a nonvoting basis prior to adoption of the compact by all states.

C. The Interstate Commission may propose amendments to the compact for enactment by the member states. No amendment shall become effective and binding upon the Interstate Commission and the member states unless and until it is enacted into law by unanimous consent of the member states.

ARTICLE XVI

WITHDRAWAL AND DISSOLUTION

A. Withdrawal

1. Once effective, the compact shall continue in force and remain binding upon each and every member state provided a member state may withdraw from the compact by specifically repealing the statute, which enacted the compact into law.

2. Withdrawal from this compact shall be by the enactment of a statute repealing the same, but shall not take effect until one year after the effective date of such statute and until written notice of the withdrawal has been given by the withdrawing state to the Governor of each other member jurisdiction.

3. The withdrawing state shall immediately notify the chairperson of the Interstate Commission in writing upon the introduction of legislation repealing this compact in the withdrawing state. The Interstate Commission shall notify the other member states of the withdrawing state's intent to withdraw within sixty days of its receipt thereof.

4. The withdrawing state is responsible for all assessments, obligations and liabilities incurred through the effective date of withdrawal, including obligations, the performance of which extend beyond the effective date of withdrawal.

5. Reinstatement following withdrawal of a member state shall occur upon the withdrawing state reenacting the compact or upon such later date as determined by the Interstate Commission.

B. Dissolution of Compact

1. This compact shall dissolve effective upon the date of the withdrawal or default of the member state which reduces the membership in the compact to one member state.

2. Upon the dissolution of this compact, the compact becomes null and void and shall be of no further force or effect, and the business and affairs of the Interstate Commission shall be concluded and surplus funds shall be distributed in accordance with the bylaws.

ARTICLE XVII

SEVERABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION

A. The provisions of this compact shall be severable, and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision is deemed unenforceable, the remaining provisions of the compact shall be enforceable.

B. The provisions of this compact shall be liberally construed to effectuate its purposes.

C. Nothing in this compact shall be construed to prohibit the applicability of other interstate compacts to which the states are members.

ARTICLE XVIII

BINDING EFFECT OF COMPACT AND OTHER LAWS

A. Other Laws

1. Nothing herein prevents the enforcement of any other law of a member state that is not inconsistent with this compact.

2. All member states' laws conflicting with this compact are superseded to the extent of the conflict.

B. Binding Effect of the Compact

1. All lawful actions of the Interstate Commission, including all rules and bylaws promulgated by the Interstate Commission, are binding upon the member states.

2. All agreements between the Interstate Commission and the member states are binding in accordance with their terms.

3. In the event any provision of this compact exceeds the constitutional limits imposed on the legislature of any member state, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of the conflict with the constitutional provision in question in that member state.

(P.A. 08-57, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 08-57 effective May 12, 2008.

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Sec. 10-15g. Exemplary schools. The Department of Education may publicly recognize exemplary schools and promote the best practices used at such exemplary schools.

(P.A. 12-116, S. 13.)

History: P.A. 12-116 effective July 1, 2012.

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Sec. 10-15h. Pilot program to incorporate common core state standards. (a) On or before July 1, 2013, the Department of Education, in collaboration with the Board of Regents for Higher Education and the Board of Trustees of The University of Connecticut, shall develop a pilot program to incorporate Connecticut's common core state standards into the curricula of the priority school districts, as described in section 10-266p, and, for the school year commencing July 1, 2013, to the school year ending June 30, 2018, inclusive, align such curricula with college level programs offered by the constituent units of the state system of higher education and the independent institutions of higher education in this state.

(b) The pilot program shall require the local or regional board of education for a priority school district to partner with the Board of Regents for Higher Education on behalf of a regional community-technical college or a state university, the Board of Trustees for The University of Connecticut on behalf of the university or the governing board of an independent institution of higher education on behalf of such institution to (1) evaluate and align curricula, (2) evaluate students in grade ten or eleven using a college readiness assessment developed or adopted by the Department of Education, (3) use the results of such evaluations to assess college readiness, and (4) offer a plan of support to any student in grade twelve who is found to be not ready for college based on such student's results on the college readiness assessment. Such local or regional board of education shall annually report such test results and assessments to the Department of Education, the Board of Regents for Higher Education, the Office of Financial and Academic Affairs for Higher Education and The University of Connecticut.

(June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, S. 225.)

History: June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1 effective June 15, 2012.

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Sec. 10-15i. Connecticut Achievement and Resource Equity in Schools Commission. (a) There is established the Connecticut Achievement and Resource Equity in Schools Commission to provide analysis and recommendations concerning state funding for education and resources needed to ensure that all public school students in the state have an opportunity to succeed. The commission shall develop a strategic plan that includes recommendations for implementing a system for distributing state public education funding, that (1) includes a funding formula that (A) makes use of an appropriate foundation level, (B) addresses the issue of unequal local tax burdens and reduces the reliance on unequal local property taxation to fund services, (C) increases equity and fairness, and (D) reduces segregation; (2) depends on a stable, fair, reliable and identifiable funding source; (3) addresses students' educational needs from preschool through grade twelve, and (4) provides predictability and sustainability in grant allocations to towns and school districts.

(b) The commission shall consist of the following members who shall reflect the state's geographic, population, socio-economic, racial and ethnic diversity:

(1) Two appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives, one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Association of Boards of Education and one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Education Association;

(2) Two appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate, one of whom is a representative of the RESC Alliance and one of whom is an economist with expertise in measures of poverty;

(3) Two appointed by the Senate Republican president pro tempore, one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Federation of School Administrators and one of whom is a representative of a regional agricultural science and technology education center;

(4) Two appointed by the majority leader of the House of Representatives, one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Association of Public School Superintendents and one of whom is a representative of the American Federation of Teachers-Connecticut;

(5) Two appointed by the majority leader of the Senate, one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Conference of Municipalities and one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Council of Administrators of Special Education;

(6) Two appointed by the deputy Senate Republican president pro tempore, one of whom is an employee of the bureau of choice programs within the Department of Education and one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut PTA;

(7) Two appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives, one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Association of Schools and one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Administrators of Programs for English Language Learners;

(8) One appointed jointly by the speaker of the House of Representatives and the minority leader of the House of Representatives who shall be a representative of the Connecticut Association of School Business Officials; and

(9) One appointed jointly by the president pro tempore of the Senate and the Senate Republican president pro tempore who shall be a representative of the State Education Resource Center.

(c) All appointments to the commission shall be made not later than thirty days after October 31, 2017. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, any vacancy shall be filled by the appointing authority.

(d) There shall be two chairpersons of the commission appointed as follows: (1) The speaker of the House of Representatives shall select a chairperson of the commission from among the members of the commission, and (2) the president pro tempore of the Senate and the Senate Republican president pro tempore shall jointly select the other chairperson of the commission from among the members of the commission. If the chairperson appointed pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection becomes vacant, the president pro tempore of the Senate and the Senate Republican president pro tempore, or the president pro tempore of the Senate, as the case may be, shall fill such vacancy. The chairpersons shall schedule the first meeting of the commission, which shall be held not later than sixty days after October 31, 2017.

(e) Not later than April 1, 2018, the commission shall submit a report on its findings and recommendations to the Governor, the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and appropriations and the budgets of state agencies, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 71.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 effective October 31, 2017.

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Sec. 10-15j. Connecticut Remote Learning Commission. (a) As used in this section, “remote learning” means instruction by means of one or more Internet-based software platforms as part of a remote learning model.

(b) The Department of Education shall establish the Connecticut Remote Learning Commission to analyze and provide recommendations concerning the provision of remote learning to public school students enrolled in grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive. The commission shall create a report that includes an analysis and recommendations concerning:

(1) The impact of remote learning on (A) the educational attainment of students in elementary, middle and high school, (B) students' physical and emotional development, access to special services including mental health, and access to food security and nutrition, and (C) the quality of instructional delivery. Such analysis shall be conducted and collect data that is disaggregated based on subgroups of students, such as race, ethnicity, age, gender, eligibility for free or reduced priced lunches, students whose primary language is not English and students with disabilities;

(2) The feasibility of creating a state-wide remote learning school that will serve students in grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, that is (A) maintained by and under the direction and control of the State Board of Education, (B) provides in each school year not less than one hundred eighty days of actual school sessions and nine hundred hours of actual school work for grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, provided not more than seven hours of actual school work in any school day shall count toward the total required for the school year, (C) offers coursework and a curriculum that is rigorous, aligned with curriculum guidelines approved by the State Board of Education, and in accordance with the state-wide subject matter content standards, adopted by the state board pursuant to section 10-4, (D) grants a diploma, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-5, to any student enrolled in such state-wide remote learning school who has satisfactorily completed the high school graduation requirements described in section 10-221a, and (E) is created with consideration given to best practices in remote learning, technological capabilities of students throughout the state and equity;

(3) The costs associated with establishing one or more public state-wide or regional remote learning schools, including an examination of how other states have utilized such state-wide remote learning schools;

(4) The fiscal impact that various remote learning models could have on local and regional school districts; and

(5) Options to ensure that students who are receiving or participating in remote learning have adequate parental or adult supervision, educational support, technical assistance, continuity of attendance and engagement.

(2) Two appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate, one of whom is a representative of the RESC Alliance and one of whom is a representative of the Neag School of Education at The University of Connecticut;

(3) Two appointed by the majority leader of the House of Representatives, one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Association of Public School Superintendents and one of whom is a representative of the American Federation of Teachers-Connecticut;

(4) Two appointed by the majority leader of the Senate, one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Commissioner for Educational Technology and one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Council of Administrators of Special Education;

(5) Two appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives, one of whom is a representative of Connecticut Association of Schools and one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Association of Latino Administrators and Superintendents;

(6) Two appointed by the minority leader of the Senate, one of whom is a representative of the Social and Emotional and School Climate Advisory Collaborative, established pursuant to section 10-222q, and one of whom is a representative of the State Education Resource Center, established pursuant to section 10-357a;

(7) One appointed by the Commissioner of Education;

(8) The president of Charter Oak State College, or the president's designee;

(9) The Commissioner of Education, or the commissioner's designee;

(10) The Commissioner of Early Childhood, or the commissioner's designee; and

(11) The executive director of the Office of Higher Education, or the executive director's designee.

(d) All initial appointments to the commission shall be made not later than sixty days after the effective date of this section. Any vacancy shall be filled by the appointing authority.

(e) The Commissioner of Education, or the commissioner's designee, shall serve as the chairpersons of the commission.

(f) Not later than July 1, 2022, the commission shall submit a report on its findings and recommendations to the Governor, the State Board of Education and the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and children, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 387.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-15k. Plan re state-wide remote learning school. (a) As used in this section, “remote learning” means instruction by means of one or more Internet-based software platforms as part of a remote learning model.

(b) The Department of Education shall develop a plan for the creation and implementation of a state-wide remote learning school that offers grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, and provides remote learning to students. In the course of developing such plan, the department shall (1) consider the findings and recommendations of the report created by the Connecticut Remote Learning Commission pursuant to section 10-15j, (2) review remote learning schools and models being implemented in other states, and (3) estimate the number of students who reside in Connecticut that may be eligible to enroll in such state-wide remote learning school. The department shall use, to the extent permissible under federal guidelines, funds received from the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, P.L. 116-260, as amended from time to time, to develop such plan.

(c) Any state-wide remote learning school that may be created under such plan shall (1) be maintained by and under the direction and control of the State Board of Education, (2) provide in each school year not less than one hundred eighty days of actual school sessions and nine hundred hours of actual school work for grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, provided not more than seven hours of actual school work in any school day shall count toward the total required for the school year, (3) offer coursework and a curriculum that is rigorous, aligned with curriculum guidelines approved by the State Board of Education, and in accordance with the state-wide subject matter content standards, adopted by the state board pursuant to section 10-4, (4) grant a diploma, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-5, to any student enrolled in such state-wide remote learning school who has satisfactorily completed the high school graduation requirements described in section 10-221a, and (5) be created with consideration given to best practices in remote learning, technological capabilities of students throughout the state and equity.

(d) The department shall draft a request for proposals for any items required to create and implement a state-wide remote learning school.

(e) Not later than July 1, 2023, the department shall submit the plan, the draft request for proposals and any recommendations for legislation related to the implementation of such plan to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and appropriations, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 388.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-15l. Comprehensive audit re provision of remote learning during COVID-19 pandemic. (a) As used in this section:

(1) “Remote learning” means instruction by means of one or more Internet-based software platforms as part of a remote learning model; and

(2) “COVID-19” means the respiratory disease designated by the World Health Organization on February 11, 2020, as coronavirus 2019, and any related mutation thereof recognized by the World Health Organization as a communicable respiratory disease.

(b) The Department of Education shall conduct a comprehensive audit of the remote learning provided by local and regional boards of education as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic during the school years commencing July 1, 2019, and July 1, 2020. The department shall use, to the extent permissible under federal guidelines, funds received from the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, P.L. 116-260, as amended from time to time, to conduct such comprehensive audit.

(c) Such comprehensive audit shall include, but need not be limited to, an examination of (1) whether and how local and regional boards of education initially provided remote learning during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the technological capabilities or limitations at such time, (2) the curriculum used as part of remote learning and whether students were able to complete the grade level curriculums, (3) the level of preparation or training in remote learning that educators received prior to and during the provision of remote learning during such school years, including the nature of such training and whether it was offered as part of a program of professional development, pursuant to section 10-148a, or as part of an in-service training program, pursuant to section 10-220a, (4) the level of improvement, if any, of the provision of remote learning from the school year commencing July 1, 2019, to the school year commencing July 1, 2020, (5) rates of student absenteeism during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to rates of student absenteeism prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and (6) student academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to student academic performance prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

(d) Following the completion of such comprehensive audit, the department shall develop a report that uses the results of such comprehensive audit to (1) evaluate the efficacy of remote learning, and hybrid learning models, and the potential to leverage technology for teaching in other scenarios and rethinking the delivery of instruction, (2) identify a system of metrics to hold local and regional boards of education accountable for remote learning access and equity, and (3) review and make recommendations regarding ongoing public education requirements, including what defines a “school day”, by aligning technology and how remote learning may be optimally integrated into the program of study and the provision of public education.

(e) Not later than January 1, 2025, the department shall submit such comprehensive audit and report, and any recommendations for legislation, to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 389.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 effective June 23, 2021.

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Sec. 10-15m. Purple Star School Program. (a) As used in this section, “military-connected student” means a student enrolled in a public school who (1) is a dependent of a current or former member of the armed forces, as defined in section 27-103, or (2) was a dependent of a member of the armed forces who was killed in the line of duty.

(b) The State Board of Education shall establish, within available appropriations, a Purple Star School Program. The state board shall award a Purple Star School designation to any school that (1) employs a staff member who serves as a military liaison for the school and whose duties include (A) identifying military-connected students enrolled at the school, (B) serving as the point of contact between the school and military-connected students and their families, (C) identifying appropriate school services available to military-connected students, and (D) assisting in coordinating school programs relevant to military-connected students; (2) compiles and makes available on the Internet web site for the school, information and resources available to military-connected students and their families, including, but not limited to, (A) the registration process for enrollment and the transferring of student records to the school, (B) academic planning, including curriculum and advanced placement classes offered at the school, (C) counseling and other support services available for military-connected students enrolled at the school, and (D) the contact information for the military liaison of the school; (3) provides a transition program led by students, where appropriate, that assists military-connected students in transitioning to the school; (4) provides in-service training or professional development for staff members on issues related to military-connected students; and (5) offers at least one of the following initiatives: (A) A resolution showing support for military-connected students and their families, (B) recognition of the Month of the Military Child or Military Family Month, with relevant events hosted by the school, or (C) a partnership with a local military installation that provides opportunities for active duty members of the armed forces to volunteer at the school, speak at an assembly or host a field trip.

(c) A local or regional board of education may apply to the State Board of Education, in a manner and form prescribed by the state board, for the Purple Star School designation for any school under the jurisdiction of such local or regional board that satisfies the requirements of subsection (b) of this section.

(d) A local or regional board of education may partner with the Department of Education to provide assistance or materials for the (1) provision of the in-service training or professional development described in subdivision (4) of subsection (b) of this section, or (2) offering of an initiative described in subdivision (5) of subsection (b) of this section.

(P.A. 21-86, S. 2.)

History: P.A. 21-86 effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-16. Length of school year. Each school district shall provide in each school year no less than one hundred and eighty days of actual school sessions for grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, nine hundred hours of actual school work for full-day kindergarten and grades one to twelve, inclusive, and four hundred and fifty hours of half-day kindergarten, provided school districts shall not count more than seven hours of actual school work in any school day towards the total required for the school year. Remote learning shall be considered an actual school session for purposes of this section, provided such remote learning is conducted in compliance with the standards developed pursuant to subsection (b) of section 10-4w. If weather conditions result in an early dismissal or a delayed opening of school, a school district which maintains separate morning and afternoon half-day kindergarten sessions may provide either a morning or afternoon half-day kindergarten session on such day. As used in this section, “remote learning” means instruction by means of one or more Internet-based software platforms as part of a remote learning model.

(1949 Rev., S. 1350; 1961, P.A. 86; 1967, P.A. 186, S. 1; P.A. 77-262; P.A. 79-128, S. 4, 36; P.A. 81-78, S. 1, 2; P.A. 82-106, S. 1, 2; P.A. 85-37, S. 1, 2; P.A. 96-161, S. 1, 13; P.A. 98-243, S. 13, 25; P.A. 21-46, S. 17; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 392.)

History: 1961 act added provisions for computing half a school day and for dismissal because of weather conditions, and changed the technical language; 1967 act included nursery schools in provision for two and one-half hour school day; P.A. 77-262 established two hour session as school day when nursery school or kindergarten dismissed early because of weather conditions or scheduled early closing; P.A. 79-128 deleted qualifying phrase “For the purpose of apportionment” with regard to determination of school days; P.A. 81-78 required that beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1983, each school district shall provide no less than 450 hours of actual school work for nursery schools and kindergartens and no less than 900 of actual school work for grades one to twelve; P.A. 82-106 repealed requirement that no less than 450 hours of actual school work be provided for nursery school and kindergarten students; P.A. 85-37 amended section to require 180 days of actual school sessions and to allow school districts to count up to seven hours per school day towards the required yearly number of hours; P.A. 96-161 removed requirements for the length of the school day, added requirement for no less than 450 hours of kindergarten for a school year and added provision allowing school districts which maintain separate kindergarten sessions to provide either a morning or afternoon session if weather conditions result in an early dismissal or delayed opening of school, effective June 3, 1996; P.A. 98-243 added language to set different requirements for half and full-day kindergarten programs, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 21-46 added provisions re virtual learning and defined “virtual learning”, effective July 1, 2021; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 redefined “virtual learning” as “remote learning” and replaced “an in-person or” with “a” in the definition, and replaced references to “virtual learning” with “remote learning”, effective July 1, 2021.

Cited. 152 C. 151; 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24; 238 C. 1.

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Sec. 10-16a. Silent meditation. Each local or regional board of education shall provide opportunity at the start of each school day to allow those students and teachers who wish to do so, the opportunity to observe such time in silent meditation.

(P.A. 75-367, S. 2; P.A. 78-218, S. 13.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted “Each local or regional board of education” for “The board of education of each town and of each regional school district”.

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Sec. 10-16b. *(See end of section for amended version and effective date.) Prescribed courses of study. (a) In the public schools the program of instruction offered shall include at least the following subject matter, as taught by legally qualified teachers, the arts; career education; consumer education; health and safety, including, but not limited to, human growth and development, nutrition, first aid, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16qq, disease prevention and cancer awareness, including, but not limited to, age and developmentally appropriate instruction in performing self-examinations for the purposes of screening for breast cancer and testicular cancer, community and consumer health, physical, mental and emotional health, including youth suicide prevention, substance abuse prevention, including instruction relating to opioid use and related disorders, safety, which shall include the safe use of social media, as defined in section 9-601, and may include the dangers of gang membership, and accident prevention; language arts, including reading, writing, grammar, speaking and spelling; mathematics; physical education; science, which may include the climate change curriculum described in subsection (d) of this section; social studies, including, but not limited to, citizenship, economics, geography, government, history and Holocaust and genocide education and awareness in accordance with the provisions of section 10-18f; African-American and black studies in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16ss; Puerto Rican and Latino studies in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16ss; computer programming instruction; and in addition, on at least the secondary level, one or more world languages; vocational education; and the black and Latino studies course in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-16tt and 10-16uu. For purposes of this subsection, world languages shall include American Sign Language, provided such subject matter is taught by a qualified instructor under the supervision of a teacher who holds a certificate issued by the State Board of Education. For purposes of this subsection, the “arts” means any form of visual or performing arts, which may include, but not be limited to, dance, music, art and theatre; “reading” means evidenced-based instruction that focuses on competency in the following areas of reading: Oral language, phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, rapid automatic name or letter name fluency and reading comprehension.

(b) If a local or regional board of education requires its pupils to take a course in a world language, the parent or guardian of a pupil identified as deaf or hard of hearing may request in writing that such pupil be exempted from such requirement and, if such a request is made, such pupil shall be exempt from such requirement.

(c) Each local and regional board of education shall on September 1, 1982, and annually thereafter at such time and in such manner as the Commissioner of Education shall request, attest to the State Board of Education that such local or regional board of education offers at least the program of instruction required pursuant to this section, and that such program of instruction is planned, ongoing and systematic.

(d) The State Board of Education shall make available curriculum materials and such other materials as may assist local and regional boards of education in developing instructional programs pursuant to this section. The State Board of Education, within available appropriations and utilizing available resource materials, shall assist and encourage local and regional boards of education to include: (1) Holocaust and genocide education and awareness; (2) the historical events surrounding the Great Famine in Ireland; (3) African-American and black studies; (4) Puerto Rican and Latino studies; (5) Native American history; (6) personal financial management, including, but not limited to, financial literacy as developed in the plan provided under section 10-16pp; (7) training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of automatic external defibrillators; (8) labor history and law, including organized labor, the collective bargaining process, existing legal protections in the workplace, the history and economics of free market capitalism and entrepreneurialism, and the role of labor and capitalism in the development of the American and world economies; (9) climate change consistent with the Next Generation Science Standards; (10) topics approved by the state board upon the request of local or regional boards of education as part of the program of instruction offered pursuant to subsection (a) of this section; and (11) instruction relating to the Safe Haven Act, sections 17a-57 to 17a-61, inclusive. The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall be available to each local and regional board of education for the development of curriculum on climate change as described in this subsection.

(P.A. 78-218, S. 11; 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 79-128, S. 13, 36; P.A. 80-166, S. 2; P.A. 89-133, S. 1, 2; 89-185, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-416, S. 6, 10; P.A. 95-101, S. 1; P.A. 97-45, S. 1; 97-61, S. 1; P.A. 08-153, S. 8; P.A. 11-136, S. 1; P.A. 12-198, S. 4; P.A. 15-17, S. 1; 15-94, S. 1; 15-138, S. 1; P.A. 16-188, S. 4; P.A. 17-202, S. 13, 102; P.A. 18-24, S. 1; 18-181, S. 8; 18-182, S. 2; P.A. 19-128, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 397.)

*Note: On and after July 1, 2023, this section, as amended by section 376 of public act 21-2 of the June special session and section 263 of public act 22-118, is to read as follows:

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“Sec. 10-16b. Prescribed courses of study. (a) In the public schools the program of instruction offered shall include at least the following subject matter, as taught by legally qualified teachers, the arts; career education; consumer education; health and safety, including, but not limited to, human growth and development, nutrition, first aid, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16qq, disease prevention and cancer awareness, including, but not limited to, age and developmentally appropriate instruction in performing self-examinations for the purposes of screening for breast cancer and testicular cancer, community and consumer health, physical, mental and emotional health, including youth suicide prevention, substance abuse prevention, including instruction relating to opioid use and related disorders, safety, which shall include the safe use of social media, as defined in section 9-601, and may include the dangers of gang membership, and accident prevention; language arts, including reading, writing, grammar, speaking and spelling; mathematics; physical education; science, which shall include the climate change curriculum described in subsection (d) of this section; social studies, including, but not limited to, citizenship, economics, geography, government, history and Holocaust and genocide education and awareness in accordance with the provisions of section 10-18f; African-American and black studies in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16ss; Puerto Rican and Latino studies in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16ss; Native American studies, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16vv; computer programming instruction; and in addition, on at least the secondary level, one or more world languages; vocational education; and the black and Latino studies course in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-16tt and 10-16uu. For purposes of this subsection, world languages shall include American Sign Language, provided such subject matter is taught by a qualified instructor under the supervision of a teacher who holds a certificate issued by the State Board of Education. For purposes of this subsection, the “arts” means any form of visual or performing arts, which may include, but not be limited to, dance, music, art and theatre.

(d) The State Board of Education shall make available curriculum materials and such other materials as may assist local and regional boards of education in developing instructional programs pursuant to this section. The State Board of Education, within available appropriations and utilizing available resource materials, shall assist and encourage local and regional boards of education to include: (1) Holocaust and genocide education and awareness; (2) the historical events surrounding the Great Famine in Ireland; (3) African-American and black studies; (4) Puerto Rican and Latino studies; (5) Native American studies; (6) personal financial management, including, but not limited to, financial literacy as developed in the plan provided under section 10-16pp; (7) training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of automatic external defibrillators; (8) labor history and law, including organized labor, the collective bargaining process, existing legal protections in the workplace, the history and economics of free market capitalism and entrepreneurialism, and the role of labor and capitalism in the development of the American and world economies; (9) climate change consistent with the Next Generation Science Standards; (10) topics approved by the state board upon the request of local or regional boards of education as part of the program of instruction offered pursuant to subsection (a) of this section; and (11) instruction relating to the Safe Haven Act, sections 17a-57 to 17a-61, inclusive. The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall be available to each local and regional board of education for the development of curriculum on climate change as described in this subsection.”

*Note: On and after July 1, 2025, this section, as amended by section 32 of public act 22-80, is to read as follows:

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“Sec. 10-16b. Prescribed courses of study. (a) In the public schools the program of instruction offered shall include at least the following subject matter, as taught by legally qualified teachers, the arts; career education; consumer education; health and safety, including, but not limited to, human growth and development, nutrition, first aid, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16qq, disease prevention and cancer awareness, including, but not limited to, age and developmentally appropriate instruction in performing self-examinations for the purposes of screening for breast cancer and testicular cancer, community and consumer health, physical, mental and emotional health, including youth suicide prevention, substance abuse prevention, including instruction relating to opioid use and related disorders, safety, which shall include the safe use of social media, as defined in section 9-601, and may include the dangers of gang membership, and accident prevention; language arts, including reading, writing, grammar, speaking and spelling; mathematics; physical education; science, which may include the climate change curriculum described in subsection (d) of this section; social studies, including, but not limited to, citizenship, economics, geography, government, history and Holocaust and genocide education and awareness in accordance with the provisions of section 10-18f; African-American and black studies in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16ss; Puerto Rican and Latino studies in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16ss; Native American studies, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16vv; Asian American and Pacific Islander studies, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-66ww; computer programming instruction; and in addition, on at least the secondary level, one or more world languages; vocational education; and the black and Latino studies course in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-16tt and 10-16uu. For purposes of this subsection, world languages shall include American Sign Language, provided such subject matter is taught by a qualified instructor under the supervision of a teacher who holds a certificate issued by the State Board of Education. For purposes of this subsection, the “arts” means any form of visual or performing arts, which may include, but not be limited to, dance, music, art and theatre.

(d) The State Board of Education shall make available curriculum materials and such other materials as may assist local and regional boards of education in developing instructional programs pursuant to this section. The State Board of Education, within available appropriations and utilizing available resource materials, shall assist and encourage local and regional boards of education to include: (1) Holocaust and genocide education and awareness; (2) the historical events surrounding the Great Famine in Ireland; (3) African-American and black studies; (4) Puerto Rican and Latino studies; (5) Native American studies; (6) Asian American and Pacific Islander studies; (7) personal financial management, including, but not limited to, financial literacy as developed in the plan provided under section 10-16pp; (8) training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of automatic external defibrillators; (9) labor history and law, including organized labor, the collective bargaining process, existing legal protections in the workplace, the history and economics of free market capitalism and entrepreneurialism, and the role of labor and capitalism in the development of the American and world economies; (10) climate change consistent with the Next Generation Science Standards; (11) topics approved by the state board upon the request of local or regional boards of education as part of the program of instruction offered pursuant to subsection (a) of this section; and (12) instruction relating to the Safe Haven Act, sections 17a-57 to 17a-61, inclusive. The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall be available to each local and regional board of education for the development of curriculum on climate change as described in this subsection.”

History: P.A. 78-303 allowed substitution of commissioner of education for secretary of state board of education in accordance with P.A. 77-614, S. 302, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 79-128 replaced specific subject listings with more general subject matter areas and added Subsecs. (b) and (c); P.A. 80-166 changed initial date in Subsec. (b) from “in 1981” to “on September 1, 1982”; P.A. 89-133 in Subsec. (a) added provision that language arts may include certain sign languages, added new Subsec. (b) providing an exemption from foreign language requirements for deaf or hearing impaired pupils and relettered Subsecs. (b) and (c) as Subsecs. (c) and (d); P.A. 89-185 in Subsec. (a) added the subjects which health and safety education shall include but not be limited to; P.A. 93-416 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that “safety” may include the dangers of gang membership, effective June 29, 1993; P.A. 95-101 added provision concerning Holocaust education and awareness in Subsec. (d); P.A. 97-45 amended Subsec. (d) to add provision concerning the Great Famine in Ireland; P.A. 97-61 amended Subsec. (d) to expand the list of topics for programs of instruction to include African-American History, Puerto-Rican History, Native American History, personal financial management and topics approved by the State Board of Education at the request of local or regional boards of education; P.A. 08-153 amended Subsec. (a) to define “arts”, effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 11-136 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “foreign” with “world”, replacing “language arts may” with “world languages shall” and replacing “sign language or signed English” with “Sign Language” and amended Subsec. (d)(1) by adding “and genocide”, effective July 1, 2011 (Revisor's note: In Subsec. (b), a reference to “foreign language” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “world language” to conform with changes made in Subsec. (a) by P.A. 11-136); P.A. 12-198 amended Subsec. (d) by adding new Subdiv. (7) re training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use of automatic external defibrillators and redesignating existing Subdiv. (7) as Subdiv. (8), effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 15-17 amended Subsec. (d) by adding new Subdiv. (8) re labor history and law and the history and economics of free market capitalism and entrepreneurialism and redesignating existing Subdiv. (8) as Subdiv. (9), effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 15-94 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that “first aid” includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, to provide that “safety” shall include the safe use of social media, and by adding computer programming instruction, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 15-138 amended Subsec. (d) to provide that “personal financial management” includes financial literacy developed in the plan provided under Sec. 10-16pp; P.A. 16-188 amended Subsec. (a) to add provisions re cancer awareness and instruction in performing self-examinations for breast cancer and testicular cancer, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 17-202 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “hearing impaired” with “hard of hearing”; P.A. 18-24 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision authorizing inclusion of Holocaust and genocide education and awareness in social studies instruction, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 18-181 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provision authorizing inclusion of climate change curriculum in science instruction and amended Subsec. (d) by adding Subdiv. (9) re climate change consistent with Next Generation Science Standards, redesignating existing Subdiv. (9) as Subdiv. (10) and adding provision requiring Department of Energy and Environmental Protection to be available to boards of education for development of climate change curriculum; P.A. 18-182 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision authorizing inclusion of instruction relating to opioid use and related disorders in substance abuse instruction, and amended Subsec. (d) by adding provision, codified by the Revisors as Subdiv. (11), re instruction relating to Safe Haven Act, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-12 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provisions re African-American and black studies, Puerto Rican and Latino studies and the black and Latino studies course, and amended Subsec. (d) by replacing “African-American history” with “African-American and black studies” in Subdiv. (3) and replacing “Puerto Rican history” with “Puerto Rican and Latino studies” in Subdiv. (4), effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 19-128 amended Subsec. (a) to add “computer science, including, but not limited to,”, effective July 1, 2019; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (a) to define “reading”, effective July 1, 2022, and amended Subsec. (a) by adding provision re Native American studies, and Subsec. (d) by replacing “Native American history” with “Native American studies”, effective July 1, 2023; P.A. 22-80 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provision re Asian American and Pacific Islander studies and amended Subsec. (d) by adding new Subdiv. (6) re Asian American and Pacific Islander studies and redesignating existing Subdivs. (6) to (11) as Subdivs. (7) to (12), effective July 1, 2025; P.A. 22-118 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “may include the climate change curriculum” with “shall include the climate change curriculum”, effective July 1, 2023.

See Sec. 10-19 re courses concerning effects of alcohol, nicotine or tobacco and drugs.

See Sec. 10-221a re high school graduation requirements.

See Sec. 29-7n(a) re definition of “gang”.

Cited. 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24; 238 C. 1.

Cited. 44 CA 179.

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Sec. 10-16c. State board to develop family life education curriculum guides. The State Board of Education shall, on or before September 1, 1980, develop curriculum guides to aid local and regional boards of education in developing family life education programs within the public schools. The curriculum guides shall include, but not be limited to, information on developing a curriculum including family planning, human sexuality, parenting, nutrition and the emotional, physical, psychological, hygienic, economic and social aspects of family life, provided the curriculum guides shall not include information pertaining to abortion as an alternative to family planning.

(P.A. 79-463, S. 1.)

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Sec. 10-16d. Family life education programs not mandatory. Nothing in sections 10-16c to 10-16f, inclusive, shall be construed to require any local or regional board of education to develop or institute such family life education programs.

(P.A. 79-463, S. 2.)

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Sec. 10-16e. Students not required to participate in family life education programs. No student shall be required by any local or regional board of education to participate in any such family life program which may be offered within such public schools. A written notification to the local or regional board by the student's parent or legal guardian shall be sufficient to exempt the student from such program in its entirety or from any portion thereof so specified by the parent or legal guardian.

(P.A. 79-463, S. 3.)

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Sec. 10-16f. Family life programs to supplement required curriculum. Any such family life program instituted by any local or regional board of education shall be in addition to and not a substitute for any health, education, hygiene or similar curriculum requirements in effect on October 1, 1979.

(P.A. 79-463, S. 4.)

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(P.A. 85-487, S. 1–6; P.A. 86-333, S. 21, 22, 32; P.A. 88-136, S. 36, 37.)

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Sec. 10-16l. Establishment of graduation date. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, a local or regional board of education may establish for any school year a firm graduation date for students in grade twelve which is no earlier than the one hundred eightieth day noted in the school calendar originally adopted by the board for that school year.

(P.A. 87-270, S. 3, 4; P.A. 88-360, S. 54, 63; P.A. 93-353, S. 50, 52; P.A. 96-108, S. 2, 3; P.A. 19-195, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 88-360 substituted “each grade participating in graduation exercises” for “grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive,” and “grades one to twelve, inclusive,”; P.A. 93-353 deleted the existing provisions and substituted new provisions concerning the date of graduation exercises, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 96-108 added exception for the establishment of graduation dates after April first in any school year, effective April 30, 1996; P.A. 19-195 deleted “to the contrary”, replaced “one hundred eighty-fifth” with “one hundred eightieth”, deleted “, except that a board on or after April first in any school year may establish such a firm graduation date for that school year which at the time of such establishment provides for at least one hundred eighty days of school” and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-16m. Extended-day kindergarten. Grants. Section 10-16m is repealed.

(P.A. 87-357, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-360, S. 45, 63; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-7, S. 21, 22.)

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Sec. 10-16n. Head Start and Early Head Start grant program. Grant allocation. Advisory committee. (a) The Commissioner of Early Childhood shall establish a competitive grant program to assist nonprofit agencies and local and regional boards of education, which are federal Head Start grantees, in (1) establishing extended-day and full-day, year-round, Head Start programs or expanding existing Head Start programs to extended-day or full-day, year-round programs, (2) enhancing program quality, (3) increasing the number of children served in programs that are both a Head Start program and Early Head Start grantee or delegate, (4) increasing the number of Early Head Start children served above those who are federally funded, and (5) increasing the hours for children currently receiving Early Head Start services. The commissioner, after consultation with the committee established pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, shall establish criteria for the grants, provided at least twenty-five per cent of the funding for such grants shall be for the purpose of enhancing program quality. Nonprofit agencies or boards of education seeking grants pursuant to this section shall make application to the commissioner on such forms and at such times as the commissioner shall prescribe. All grants pursuant to this section shall be funded within the limits of available appropriations or otherwise from federal funds and private donations. All full-day, year-round Head Start programs funded pursuant to this section shall be in compliance with federal Head Start performance standards.

(b) The Office of Early Childhood shall annually allocate to each town in which the number of children under the temporary family assistance program, as defined in subdivision (17) of section 10-262f, equals or exceeds nine hundred children, determined for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1996, an amount equal to one hundred fifty thousand dollars plus eight and one-half dollars for each child under the temporary family assistance program, provided such amount may be reduced proportionately so that the total amount awarded pursuant to this subsection does not exceed two million seven hundred thousand dollars. The office shall award grants to the local and regional boards of education for such towns and nonprofit agencies located in such towns which meet the criteria established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section to maintain the programs established or expanded with funds provided pursuant to this subsection in the fiscal years ending June 30, 1996, and June 30, 1997. Any funds remaining in the allocation to such a town after grants are so awarded shall be used to increase allocations to other such towns. Any funds remaining after grants are so awarded to boards of education and nonprofit agencies in all such towns shall be available to local and regional boards of education and nonprofit agencies in other towns in the state for grants for such purposes.

(c) There is established a committee to advise the commissioner concerning the coordination, priorities for allocation and distribution, and utilization of funds for Head Start and Early Head Start and concerning the competitive grant program established under this section, and to evaluate programs funded pursuant to this section. The committee shall consist of the following members: (1) One member designated by the commissioner; (2) six members who are directors of Head Start programs, two from community action agency program sites or school readiness liaisons, one of whom shall be appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate and one by the speaker of the House of Representatives, two from public school program sites, one of whom shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate and one by the majority leader of the House of Representatives, and two from other nonprofit agency program sites, one of whom shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate and one by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; (3) one member designated by the Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity; (4) one member designated by the Early Childhood Cabinet, established pursuant to section 10-16z; (5) two members designated by the Head Start Association, one of whom shall be the parent of a present or former Head Start student; (6) one member designated by the Connecticut Association for Community Action who shall have expertise and experience concerning Head Start; (7) one member designated by the Region I Office of Head Start within the federal Administration of Children and Families of the Department of Health and Human Services; and (8) the director of the Head Start Collaboration Office.

(d) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, for purposes of this section.

(P.A. 91-269, S. 1, 2; P.A. 92-222, S. 1, 3; P.A. 93-262, S. 33, 87; P.A. 95-266, S. 3, 5; P.A. 97-247, S. 7, 27; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 00-1, S. 32, 46; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 48; P.A. 12-120, S. 13; P.A. 14-39, S. 12; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 325; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-3, S. 139; P.A. 19-117, S. 112.)

History: P.A. 92-222 transferred the program from the department of human resources to the department of education, added Subsec. (a)(2) and (3), required 25% of the funding for grants to be used to enhance program quality, changed the applicable date in Subsec. (a) from June 25, 1991, to July 1, 1992, and increased the membership of the advisory committee from 11 to 13 by adding a member designated by the commission on children and a member designated by the Connecticut Association for Community Action; P.A. 93-262 replaced references to commissioner of income maintenance and commissioner of human resources with references to commissioner of social services, effectively reducing committee membership from 13 to 12 members, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-266 inserted new Subsec. (b) re allocation for fiscal years ending June 30, 1996, and June 30, 1997, relettering former Subsecs. (b) and (c) as (c) and (d), effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 97-247 made a technical change in Subsec. (a) and in Subsec. (b) provided for annual grants, provided for proportional reductions so that the total amount of grants does not exceed $2,700,000, and changed the provision dealing with how grant funds are to be used, effective July 1, 1997; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 00-1 amended Subsec. (c) to expand committee membership to include school readiness coordinators, effective June 21, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 amended Subsec. (a) to delete restriction that 75% of funding be allocated to Head Start programs established prior to July 1, 1992, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 12-120 amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “twelve members as follows” with “the following members”, designating existing provisions re members as Subdivs. (1) to (7), replacing “coordinators” with “liaisons” and adding “public” re school program sites in Subdiv. (2), replacing “Council” with “Cabinet” in Subdiv. (4), replacing “one member” with “two members”, deleting “Directors” and making a conforming change in Subdiv. (5), replacing “Office of Human Development Services, Office of Community Programs, Region 1 of the federal Department of Health and Human Services” with “Region I Office of Head Start within the federal Administration of Children and Families of the Department of Health and Human Services” in Subdiv. (7) and adding Subdiv. (8) re director of Head Start Collaboration Office, effective June 15, 2012; P.A. 14-39 replaced references to Commissioners and Departments of Education and Social Services with references to Commissioner and Office of Early Childhood, amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services,” with “Early Childhood” and making a technical change, amended Subsec. (b) by replacing references to aid to dependent children program with references to temporary family assistance program and replacing “subdivision (14)” with “subdivision (17)” re Sec. 10-262f and amended Subsec. (c)(4) by replacing reference to Early Childhood Education Cabinet with reference to Early Childhood Cabinet and adding “, established pursuant to section 10-16z”, effective July 1, 2014; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “in programs that are both a Head Start program and Early Head Start grantee or delegate” in Subdiv. (3), adding Subdiv. (4) re increasing number of Early Head Start children served and adding Subdiv. (5) re increasing hours for children currently receiving Early Head Start services, and amended Subsec. (c) by adding “and Early Head Start”, effective July 1, 2015; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-3 amended Subsec. (c)(3) by replacing “Commission on Children” with “Commission on Women, Children and Seniors”, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 19-117 amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “Commission on Women, Children and Seniors” with “Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity”, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-16o. Development of network of school readiness programs. The state shall encourage the development of a network of school readiness programs pursuant to sections 10-16p to 10-16r, inclusive, 10-16u and 17b-749a in order to:

(1) Provide open access for children to quality programs that promote the health and safety of children and prepare them for formal schooling;

(2) Provide opportunities for parents to choose among affordable and accredited programs;

(3) Encourage coordination and cooperation among programs and prevent the duplication of services;

(4) Recognize the specific service needs and unique resources available to particular municipalities and provide flexibility in the implementation of programs;

(5) Prevent or minimize the potential for developmental delay in children prior to their reaching the age of five;

(6) Enhance federally funded school readiness programs;

(7) Strengthen the family through: (A) Encouragement of family engagement and partnership in a child's development and education; and (B) enhancement of a family's capacity to meet the special needs of the children, including children with disabilities;

(8) Reduce educational costs by decreasing the need for special education services for school age children and to avoid grade repetition;

(9) Assure that children with disabilities are integrated into programs available to children who do not have disabilities;

(10) Improve the availability and quality of school readiness programs and their coordination with the services of child care providers; and

(11) Facilitate the racial, ethnic and socioeconomic diversity of the children, families and staff in school readiness programs.

(P.A. 97-259, S. 1, 41; P.A. 00-187, S. 10, 75; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 10, 54; P.A. 03-76, S. 39; P.A. 04-215, S. 1; P.A. 17-202, S. 14; P.A. 21-172, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 97-259 effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 00-187 added reference to Sec. 10-16u, effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 amended Subdiv. (10) to add provision re coordination with the services of child care providers, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 03-76 made a technical change in Subdiv. (5), effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 04-215 amended Subdiv. (2) by deleting reference to “approved” programs, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 17-202 amended Subdiv. (9) by replacing “are not disabled” with “do not have disabilities”; P.A. 21-172 amended Subdiv. (7) by replacing “parental involvement” with “family engagement and partnership”, added Subdiv. (11) re facilitate racial, ethnic and socioeconomic diversity of children, families and staff in school readiness programs, and made conforming changes, effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-16p. Definitions. Lead agency for school readiness; standards. State financial assistance; eligibility. Unexpended funds. Salaries increase. (a) As used in sections 10-16o to 10-16r, inclusive, 10-16u, 17b-749a and 17b-749c:

(1) “School readiness program” means a nonsectarian program that (A) meets the standards set by the Office of Early Childhood pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and the requirements of section 10-16q, and (B) provides a developmentally appropriate learning experience of not less than four hundred fifty hours and one hundred eighty days for eligible children, except as provided in subsection (d) of section 10-16q;

(2) “Eligible children” means children three and four years of age and children five years of age who are not eligible to enroll in school pursuant to section 10-15c, or who are eligible to enroll in school and will attend a school readiness program pursuant to section 10-16t;

(3) “Priority school” means a school in which forty per cent or more of the lunches served are served to students who are eligible for free or reduced price lunches pursuant to federal law and regulations, excluding such a school located in a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p or in a former priority school district receiving a grant pursuant to subsection (c) of this section and, on and after July 1, 2001, excluding such a school in a transitional school district receiving a grant pursuant to section 10-16u;

(4) “Severe need school” means a school in a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p or in a former priority school district in which forty per cent or more of the lunches served are served to students who are eligible for free or reduced price lunches;

(5) “Accredited” means accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children, National Association for Family Child Care, a Head Start on-site program review instrument or a successor instrument pursuant to federal regulations, or otherwise meeting such criteria as may be established by the commissioner, unless the context otherwise requires;

(6) “Year-round” means forty-eight weeks per year, except as provided in subsection (d) of section 10-16q;

(7) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Early Childhood;

(8) “Office” means the Office of Early Childhood;

(9) “Seeking accreditation” means a school readiness program seeking accreditation by the National Association for the Education of Young Children, National Association for Family Child Care or a Head Start on-site program review instrument or successor instrument pursuant to federal regulations, or attempting to meet criteria as may be established by the commissioner; and

(10) “Concentration in early childhood education” means a program of study in early childhood education, including, but not limited to, early childhood education, child study, child development or human growth and development.

(b) (1) The office shall be the lead agency for school readiness. For purposes of this section and section 10-16u, school readiness program providers eligible for funding from the office shall include local and regional boards of education, regional educational service centers, family resource centers and providers of child care centers, group child care homes and family child care homes, as described in section 19a-77, Head Start programs, preschool programs and other programs that meet any standards established by the commissioner. The office shall establish standards for school readiness programs. The standards may include, but need not be limited to, guidelines for staff-child interactions, curriculum content, including preliteracy development, lesson plans, parental involvement, staff qualifications and training, transition to school and administration. The office shall develop age-appropriate developmental skills and goals for children attending such programs. The commissioner, in consultation with the president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities, the Commissioners of Education and Social Services and other appropriate entities, shall develop a professional development program for the staff of school readiness programs.

(2) For purposes of this section:

(A) Prior to July 1, 2022, “staff qualifications” means that for each early childhood education program accepting state funds for infant, toddler and preschool spaces associated with such program's child care program or school readiness program, there is in each classroom an individual who has at least the following: (i) A childhood development associate credential or an equivalent credential issued by an organization approved by the commissioner and twelve credits or more in early childhood education or child development, as determined by the commissioner or the president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities, after consultation with the commissioner, from an institution of higher education (I) accredited by the Board of Regents for Higher Education or Office of Higher Education, and (II) regionally accredited; (ii) an associate degree with twelve credits or more in early childhood education or child development, as determined by the commissioner or the president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities, after consultation with the commissioner, from such an institution; (iii) a four-year degree with twelve credits or more in early childhood education or child development, as determined by the commissioner or the president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities, after consultation with the commissioner, from such an institution; (iv) certification pursuant to section 10-145b with an endorsement in early childhood education or special education; (v) an associate degree with a concentration in early childhood education from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited; or (vi) a bachelor's degree with a concentration in early childhood education from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited;

(B) From July 1, 2022, until June 30, 2025, “staff qualifications” means that for each early childhood education program accepting state funds for infant, toddler and preschool spaces associated with such program's child care program or school readiness program, (i) at least fifty per cent of those individuals with the primary responsibility for a classroom of children (I) hold certification pursuant to section 10-145b with an endorsement in early childhood education or early childhood special education, (II) have been issued an early childhood teacher credential, pursuant to section 10-520b, (III) hold at least an associate degree with a concentration in early childhood education from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited, or (IV) satisfy the requirements of subdivision (3), (4) or (5) of this subsection, and (ii) such remaining individuals with the primary responsibility for a classroom of children hold a childhood development associate credential or an equivalent credential issued by an organization approved by the commissioner and twelve credits or more in early childhood education or child development, as determined by the commissioner or the president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities, after consultation with the commissioner, from an institution of higher education (I) accredited by the Board of Regents for Higher Education or Office of Higher Education, and (II) regionally accredited;

(C) From July 1, 2025, until June 30, 2029, “staff qualifications” means that for each early childhood education program accepting state funds for infant, toddler and preschool spaces associated with such program's child care program or school readiness program, (i) at least fifty per cent of those individuals with the primary responsibility for a classroom of children (I) hold certification pursuant to section 10-145b with an endorsement in early childhood education or early childhood special education, (II) have been issued an early childhood teacher credential, pursuant to subdivision (2) of section 10-520b, (III) hold at least a bachelor's degree with a concentration in early childhood education from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited, or (IV) satisfy the requirements of subdivision (3), (4) or (5) of this subsection, and (ii) such remaining individuals with the primary responsibility for a classroom of children (I) hold an associate degree with a concentration in early childhood education from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited, or (II) have been issued an early childhood teacher credential, pursuant to subdivision (1) of section 10-520b; and

(D) On and after July 1, 2029, “staff qualifications” means that for each early childhood education program accepting state funds for infant, toddler and preschool spaces associated with such program's child care program or school readiness program, one hundred per cent of those individuals with the primary responsibility for a classroom of children (i) hold certification pursuant to section 10-145b with an endorsement in early childhood education or early childhood special education, (ii) have been issued an early childhood teacher credential, pursuant to subdivision (2) of section 10-520b, (iii) hold at least a bachelor's degree with a concentration in early childhood education from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited, or (iv) satisfy the requirements of subdivision (3), (4) or (5) of this subsection.

(3) Any individual with a bachelor's degree in early childhood education or child development or a bachelor's degree and twelve credits or more in early childhood education or child development, who, on or before June 30, 2015, is employed by an early childhood education program that accepts state funds for infant, toddler and preschool spaces associated with such program's child care program or school readiness program shall be considered to meet the staff qualifications required under subparagraphs (B) to (D), inclusive, of subdivision (2) of this subsection. No such early childhood education program shall terminate any such individual from employment for purposes of meeting the staff qualification requirements set forth in subparagraph (B), (C) or (D) of subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(4) Any individual with an associate degree or a bachelor's degree in early childhood education or child development or an associate degree or a bachelor's degree and twelve credits or more in early childhood education or child development from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited, other than an associate degree or a bachelor's degree with a concentration in early childhood education, may submit documentation concerning such degree for review and assessment by the office as to whether such degree has a sufficient concentration in early childhood education so as to satisfy the requirements set forth in subparagraphs (B) to (D), inclusive, of subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(5) Any individual with an associate degree with twelve credits or more in early childhood education or child development, as determined by the commissioner or the president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities, after consultation with the commissioner, from an institution of higher education (A) accredited by the Board of Regents for Higher Education or Office of Higher Education, and (B) regionally accredited, who has been employed in the same early childhood education program that accepts state funds for infant, toddler and preschool spaces associated with such program's child care program or school readiness program since 1995 shall be considered to meet the staff qualifications required under subparagraphs (B) to (D), inclusive, of subdivision (2) of this subsection until June 30, 2025. On and after July 1, 2025, such individual shall hold a childhood development associate credential or an equivalent credential, described in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of this subsection, or otherwise meet the staff qualifications required under subparagraphs (C) and (D) of subdivision (2) of this subsection. Any such individual who terminates his or her employment with such early childhood education program on or before June 30, 2025, and accepts a position at another early childhood education program accepting state funds for spaces associated with such program's child care program or school readiness program shall submit documentation of such individual's progress toward meeting the staff qualification requirements set forth in subparagraph (B) to (D), inclusive, of subdivision (2) of this subsection in a manner determined by the office.

(c) The commissioner shall establish a grant program to provide spaces in accredited school readiness programs located in priority school districts, as described in section 10-266p, or in former priority school districts for eligible children. The state, acting by and in the discretion of the Commissioner of Early Childhood, in consultation with a town or regional school readiness council, may enter into a contract with a municipality, local or regional board of education, regional educational service center, family resource center, provider of a child care center, group child care home or family child care home, as described in section 19a-77, Head Start program, preschool program or other program that meets such standards established by the commissioner, to provide, within available appropriations, state financial assistance. Eligibility shall be determined for a five-year period based on an applicant's designation as a priority school district for the initial year of application, except that if a school district that receives a grant pursuant to this subsection is no longer designated as a priority school district at the end of such five-year period, such former priority school district shall continue to be eligible to receive a grant pursuant to this subsection. Grant awards shall be made annually contingent upon available funding and a satisfactory annual evaluation. The chief elected official of such town and the superintendent of schools for such priority school district or former priority school district shall submit a plan for the expenditure of grant funds and responses to the local request for proposal process to the commissioner. The commissioner shall review and approve such plans. The plan shall: (1) Be developed in consultation with the local or regional school readiness council established pursuant to section 10-16r; (2) be based on a needs and resource assessment; (3) provide for the issuance of requests for proposals for providers of accredited school readiness programs, provided, after the initial requests for proposals, facilities that have been approved to operate a child care program financed through the Connecticut Health and Education Facilities Authority and have received a commitment for debt service from the Department of Social Services, pursuant to section 17b-749i, on or before June 30, 2014, and on or after July 1, 2014, from the office, are exempt from the requirement for issuance of annual requests for proposals; and (4) identify the need for funding pursuant to section 17b-749a in order to extend the hours and days of operation of school readiness programs in order to provide child care services for children attending such programs.

(d) (1) The commissioner shall establish a competitive grant program to provide spaces in accredited school readiness programs or school readiness programs seeking accreditation located in (A) an area served by a priority school or a former priority school, (B) a town ranked one to fifty when all towns are ranked in ascending order according to town wealth, as defined in subdivision (26) of section 10-262f, whose school district is not a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p, (C) a town formerly a town described in subparagraph (B) of this subdivision, as provided for in subdivision (2) of this subsection, or (D) a town designated as an alliance district, as defined in section 10-262u, whose school district is not a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p. A town in which a priority school is located, a regional school readiness council, pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-16r, for a region in which such a school is located or a town described in subparagraph (B) of this subdivision may apply for such a grant in an amount equal to the number of spaces in an accredited school readiness program or a school readiness program seeking accreditation multiplied by the per child cost set forth in subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 10-16q. Eligibility shall be determined for a three-year period based on an applicant's designation as having a priority school or being a town described in subparagraph (B) of this subdivision for the initial year of application. The state, acting by and in the discretion of the Commissioner of Early Childhood, in consultation with a town or regional school readiness council, may enter into a contract with a municipality, local or regional board of education, regional educational service center, family resource center, provider of a child care center, group child care home or family child care home, as described in section 19a-77, Head Start program, preschool program or other program that meets such standards established by the commissioner, to provide, within available appropriations, state financial assistance. The chief elected official of such town and the superintendent of schools of the school district or the regional school readiness council shall submit a plan, as described in subsection (c) of this section, for the expenditure of such grant funds to the commissioner. In awarding grants pursuant to this subsection, the commissioner shall give preference to applications submitted by regional school readiness councils and may, within available appropriations, provide a grant to such town or regional school readiness council that increases the number of spaces for eligible children who reside in an area or town described in subparagraphs (A) to (D), inclusive, of this subdivision, in an accredited school readiness program or a school readiness program seeking accreditation.

(2) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (C) of this subdivision, commencing with the fiscal year ending June 30, 2005, if a town received a grant pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection and is no longer eligible to receive such a grant, the town may receive a phase-out grant for each of the three fiscal years following the fiscal year such town received its final grant pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection.

(B) The amount of such phase-out grants shall be determined as follows: (i) For the first fiscal year following the fiscal year such town received its final grant pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, in an amount that does not exceed seventy-five per cent of the grant amount such town received for the town or school's final year of eligibility pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection; (ii) for the second fiscal year following the fiscal year such town received its final grant pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, in an amount that does not exceed fifty per cent of the grant amount such town received for the town's or school's final year of eligibility pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection; and (iii) for the third fiscal year following the fiscal year such town received its final grant pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, in an amount that does not exceed twenty-five per cent of the grant amount such town received for the town's or school's final year of eligibility pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection.

(C) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2011, and each fiscal year thereafter, any town that received a grant pursuant to subparagraph (B) of subdivision (1) of this subsection for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2010, shall continue to receive a grant under this subsection even if the town no longer meets the criteria for such grant pursuant to subparagraph (B) of subdivision (1) of this subsection.

(e) (1) If funds appropriated for the purposes of subsection (c) of this section are not expended, the commissioner may deposit such unexpended funds in the account established under section 10-16aa and use such unexpended funds in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16aa.

(2) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015, and each fiscal year thereafter, if funds appropriated for the purposes of subsection (c) of this section are not expended, an amount up to one million dollars of such unexpended funds may be available for the provision of professional development for early childhood care and education program providers, and staff employed in such programs, provided such programs accept state funds for infant, toddler and preschool slots. Such unexpended funds may be available for use in accordance with the provisions of this subparagraph for the subsequent fiscal year. The commissioner may use such unexpended funds on and after July 1, 2015, to support early childhood education programs accepting state funds in satisfying the staff qualifications requirements of subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section. The commissioner shall use any such funds to provide assistance to individual staff members, giving priority to those staff members (A) attending an institution of higher education accredited by the Board of Regents for Higher Education or the Office of Higher Education, and approved by the Office of Early Childhood, and regionally accredited, at a maximum of ten thousand dollars per staff member per year for the cost of higher education courses leading to a bachelor's degree or, not later than December 31, 2015, an associate degree, as such degrees are described in said subparagraphs (B) and (C), or (B) receiving noncredit competency-based training approved by the office, at a maximum of one thousand dollars per staff member per year, provided such staff members have applied for all available federal and state scholarships and grants, and such assistance does not exceed such staff members' financial need. Individual staff members shall apply for such unexpended funds in a manner determined by the commissioner. The commissioner shall determine how such unexpended funds shall be distributed.

(3) If funds appropriated for the purposes of subsection (c) of this section are not expended pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, deposited pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, or used pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, the commissioner may use such unexpended funds to support local school readiness programs. The commissioner may use such funds for purposes including, but not limited to, (A) assisting local school readiness programs in meeting and maintaining accreditation requirements, (B) providing training in implementing the preschool assessment and curriculum frameworks, including training to enhance literacy teaching skills, (C) developing a state-wide preschool curriculum, (D) developing student assessments for students in grades kindergarten to two, inclusive, (E) developing and implementing best practices for parents in supporting preschool and kindergarten student learning, (F) developing and implementing strategies for children to successfully transition to preschool and from preschool to kindergarten, including through parental engagement and whole-family supports that may be utilized through the two-generational initiative, established pursuant to section 17b-112l, or through other available resources, (G) providing for professional development, including assisting in career ladder advancement, for school readiness staff, (H) providing supplemental grants to other towns that are eligible for grants pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, and (I) developing a plan to provide spaces in an accredited school readiness program or a school readiness program seeking accreditation to all eligible children who reside in an area or town described in subparagraphs (A) to (D), inclusive, of subdivision (1) of subsection (d) of this section.

(f) Any school readiness program that receives funds pursuant to this section or section 10-16u shall not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion or disability. For purposes of this section, a nonsectarian program means any public or private school readiness program that is not violative of the Establishment Clause of the Constitution of the State of Connecticut or the Establishment Clause of the Constitution of the United States of America.

(g) Subject to the provisions of this subsection, no funds received by a town pursuant to subsection (c) or (d) of this section or section 10-16u shall be used to supplant federal, state or local funding received by such town for early childhood education, provided a town may use an amount determined in accordance with this subsection for coordination, program evaluation and administration. Such amount shall be at least five per cent of the total grant allocation, but not more than seventy-five thousand dollars and shall be determined by the commissioner based on the school readiness grant award allocated to the town pursuant to subsection (c) or (d) of this section or section 10-16u and the number of operating sites for coordination, program evaluation and administration. Such amount shall be increased by an amount equal to local funding provided for early childhood education coordination, program evaluation and administration, not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars. Each town that receives a grant pursuant to subsection (c) or (d) of this section or section 10-16u shall designate a person to be responsible for such coordination, program evaluation and administration and to act as a liaison between the town and the commissioner. Each school readiness program that receives funds pursuant to this section or section 10-16u shall provide information to the commissioner or the school readiness council, as requested, that is necessary for purposes of any school readiness program evaluation.

(h) Any town receiving a grant pursuant to this section may use such grant, with the approval of the commissioner, to prepare a facility or staff for operating a school readiness program and shall be adjusted based on the number of days of operation of a school readiness program if a shorter term of operation is approved by the commissioner.

(i) A town may use grant funds to purchase spaces for eligible children who reside in such town at an accredited school readiness program located in another town. A regional school readiness council may use grant funds to purchase spaces for eligible children who reside in the region covered by the council at an accredited school readiness program located outside such region.

(j) Children enrolled in school readiness programs funded pursuant to this section shall not be counted (1) as resident students for purposes of subdivision (22) of section 10-262f, or (2) in the determination of average daily membership pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 10-261.

(k) (1) Up to two per cent of the amount of the appropriation for this section may be allocated to the competitive grant program pursuant to subsection (d) of this section. The determination of the amount of such allocation shall be made on or before August first.

(2) Up to two per cent of the amount of the appropriation for this section may be used by the commissioner in a manner consistent with the provisions of section 10-509.

(l) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020, and each fiscal year thereafter, any school readiness program that (1) is licensed by the Office of Early Childhood pursuant to chapter 368a, (2) provides full-day and year-round child care and education programs for children, and (3) receives funds pursuant to this section or section 10-16u, shall use any amount of the per child cost as described in subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 10-16q that is over the amount of eight thousand nine hundred twenty-seven dollars, exclusively to increase the salaries of those individuals with direct responsibility for teaching or caring for children in a classroom at such school readiness program.

(P.A. 97-259, S. 2, 41; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11, S. 25, 65; P.A. 98-239, S. 30, 35; 98-252, S. 32, 80; P.A. 99-230, S. 1, 10; P.A. 00-187, S. 4, 75; P.A. 01-173, S. 48, 67; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 11–13, 54; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-7, S. 10; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 15, 30, 32; P.A. 04-15, S. 1; 04-26, S. 1; 04-215, S. 2; 04-254, S. 3; P.A. 05-13, S. 5; 05-245, S. 1, 10, 28; P.A. 06-13, S. 1, 2; 06-135, S. 1, 23; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 17; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5, S. 44, 50; P.A. 08-85, S. 1; 08-170, S. 4, 35; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6, S. 31, 32; P.A. 10-151, S. 4; P.A. 11-48, S. 194, 285; 11-54, S. 1; P.A. 12-50, S. 1; 12-116, S. 41; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, S. 286; P.A. 13-118, S. 7; 13-261, S. 2, 3; P.A. 14-39, S. 13; P.A. 15-134, S. 8; 15-227, S. 1–4, 25; P.A. 16-15, S. 3; P.A. 17-41, S. 1; 17-56, S. 7; P.A. 18-123, S. 1; 18-139, S. 1; 18-172, S. 5; 18-184, S. 4, 9; P.A. 19-34, S. 1; 19-117, S. 259; 19-121, S. 9; P.A. 21-172, S. 2; P.A. 22-100, S. 4.)

History: P.A. 97-259 effective July 1, 1997; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11 made a technical change in Subsec. (a)(3), added new Subdiv. (4) defining “severe need school” and redesignated former Subdivs. (4) to (7) as Subdivs. (5) to (8), effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-239 amended Subsec. (c)(3) to provide that, after the initial requests for proposals, facilities approved to operate a child care program financed through CHEFA and which have received a commitment for debt service pursuant to Sec. 17b-749i are exempt from the requirement for issuance of annual requests for proposals, effective June 8, 1998, and applicable to all grants submitted on and after July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-252 amended Subsec. (a)(1) to allow the commissioner to approve programs for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1998, and June 30, 1999, that are for less hours and days, amended Subsecs. (c) and (d) to make technical changes, amended Subsec. (e)(3) to remove cap of $120,000 per fiscal year, amended Subsec. (g) to allow a town to use up to 5% but no more than $50,000 for coordination, program evaluation and administration, and added new Subsec. (h) re use of grants in certain years to prepare a facility or staff for operating a program, effective June 8, 1998; P.A. 99-230 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to add children attending pursuant to Sec. 10-16t, to renumber existing Subsec. (a)(7) and (8) as Subsec. (a)(8) and (9) and to add new Subsec. (a)(7) defining “year-round”, amended Subsec. (e) to change the percentages in Subdivs. (1) to (3), inclusive, and to add Subdiv. (4) re use of a percentage of grant funds not earmarked by town for expenditure, and added Subsec. (g)(2) re authorization to use increased amount of grant funds for coordination, program evaluation and administration for towns that provide $25,000 in local funding for such purposes, to require towns that receive grants to designate a person to be responsible for coordination, program evaluation and administration and to act as a liaison between the town and the departments, and to require programs to provide information for evaluation purposes, and added Subsecs. (i) re purchase of spaces in program in another town or region and (j) re children not counted as resident students for purposes of Sec. 10-262f, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-187 added provisions re transitional school districts and former priority school districts, amended Subsec. (b) to specify the standards for staff qualifications on and after July 1, 2003, amended Subsec. (d) to allow the awarding of grants in excess of $100,000 to towns with one or more priority schools, amended Subsec. (e) to base grants on the “average” number of enrolled kindergarten students in a priority school district for the “three years” prior to the year the grant is to be paid rather than on the number of such students for the prior year and to provide that no such district receives a grant that is less than the grant it received for the prior fiscal year, and amended Subsec. (h) to extend the provision to the fiscal year ending June 30, 2001, and add requirement for the commissioner's approval, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (j) to designate portion of existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and add Subdiv. (2) re determination of average daily membership, effective July 1, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 amended Subsec. (b) to require curriculum content to include preliteracy development, amended Subsec. (c)(1) to add reference to the “regional” school readiness council, amended Subsec. (e)(1) to establish a threshold for grants of at least $150,000 and (e)(4) to increase the percentage of funds that are not earmarked that the department is able to use from 10% to 50%, amended Subsec. (g)(1) to allow a town to use the greater of the amounts pursuant to Subparas. (A) or (B), to designate the existing limit as Subpara. (B) and to add Subpara. (A) re $25,000, and amended Subsec. (h) to remove limitation on the provision for specific fiscal years and to substitute limitation for the first three years a town receives grants, effective July 1, 2001; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-7 added Subsec. (k) re appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2003, effective August 15, 2002 (Revisor's note: In Subsec. (k) the numeric dollar amounts “$2,576,580” and “$198,199” were replaced editorially by the Revisors with “two million five hundred seventy-six thousand five hundred eighty dollars” and “one hundred ninety-eight thousand one hundred ninety-nine dollars” for consistency with customary statutory usage); June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (b) to make definition of “staff qualifications” applicable beginning July 1, 2004, rather than July 1, 2003, amended Subsec. (d) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1), adding reference to former priority schools therein and adding Subdiv. (2) re grants for former priority schools and amended Subsec. (k) by adding provisions re appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2005, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 04-15 amended Subsec. (b) to change staff qualifications on and after July 1, 2005, in Subdivs. (1), (2) and (3), and to add Subdiv. (4) re endorsement in early childhood education or special education, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-26 made technical changes in Subsec. (d)(2), effective April 28, 2004; P.A. 04-215 deleted definition of “approved” in Subsec. (a), made technical changes throughout, deleted “or approved” re school readiness program throughout, amended Subsec. (d) to increase maximum grant amount from $100,000 to $107,000 and deleted Subsec. (e)(1) provision re per cent amount of appropriation for noncompetitive grant and former Subsec. (e)(2) re per cent amount of appropriation for competitive grant, and amending redesignated Subdiv. (3) by changing plan submission deadline from January first, to October first, by increasing amount of funds not earmarked for expenditure that department may use from 50% to 70%, and by adding provision re amounts that may be used for school readiness professional development, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-254 amended Subsec. (d)(1) by adding provision re towns ranked according to wealth and deleted former Subsec. (k) re appropriations for fiscal years ending June 30, 2003, June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2005, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 05-13 amended Subsec. (d) by extending competitive grant program and phase-out to certain towns and making conforming changes, effective May 4, 2005; P.A. 05-245 made a technical change in Subsec. (a)(1), amended Subsec. (b) to extend the current definition of “staff qualifications” to July 1, 2015, and to introduce new standards for staff qualifications on and after July 1, 2015, amended Subsec. (d)(1) by extending grant eligibility from the towns ranked one to twenty-eight, to the towns ranked one to fifty when all towns are ranked in ascending order according to town wealth, and amended Subsec. (e)(1) by adding language re supplemental grants received in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2005, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 06-13 made technical changes in Subsecs. (d) and (e)(3), effective May 2, 2006; P.A. 06-135 amended Subsec. (e)(3) to delete percentage requirements and provide that Department of Education may determine the distribution of funds not earmarked for expenditure for the purposes of professional development and preschool and kindergarten assessments and added Subsec. (k) re funding for programs in certain towns, effective July 1, 2006; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 amended Subsec. (e)(3) to replace former provisions re use of funds not earmarked for expenditure by a town by October first for supplemental grants to other eligible towns, school readiness professional development and activities related to preschool and kindergarten student development evaluations or assessments with new provisions re use of unexpended funds to support local school readiness programs, effective July 1, 2007; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5 amended Subsec. (e)(3) to add Subpara. (H) re supplemental grants to other eligible towns, and amended Sec. 48 of P.A. 05-245, added editorially by the Revisors as Subsec. (e)(4) of this section, to extend the administrative set-aside for department to the fiscal years ending June 30, 2008, and June 30, 2009, effective October 6, 2007; P.A. 08-85 made a technical change in Subsec. (a)(5), effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 08-170 amended Subsec. (e) to replace former formula in Subdiv. (1) re distribution of funds with Subparas. (A) and (B) re formula for fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, based on district's program capacity, to delete former Subdiv. (2) re administrative set-aside and to redesignate existing Subdivs. (3) and (4) as Subdivs. (2) and (3), and amended Subsec. (k) to replace former provisions with provisions re allocation of up to 2% of appropriation for section to competitive grant program, effective July 1, 2008; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6 amended Subsec. (e)(1) by adding “and each fiscal year thereafter,” by replacing reference re March 30, 2008, with reference re March “thirtieth of the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year in which the grant is to be paid” in Subpara. (A), and by adding “or decreased” and replacing “ending June 30, 2009” with “in which the grant is to be paid” in Subpara. (B), amended Subsec. (e)(3) by replacing “and June 30, 2009” with “to June 30, 2011, inclusive”, and amended Subsec. (g) by deleting Subdiv. (1) designator, by replacing “the greater of (A) twenty-five thousand dollars, or (B) up to five per cent but no more than fifty thousand dollars of the amount received” with “an amount determined in accordance with this subsection for coordination, program evaluation and administration. Such amount shall be at least twenty-five thousand dollars but not more than seventy-five thousand dollars and shall be determined by the Department of Education, in consultation with the Department of Social Services, based on the school readiness grant award allocated to the town”, by replacing “for coordination, program evaluation and administration, and (2) if a town provides twenty-five thousand dollars in” with “and the number of operating sites for coordination, program evaluation and administration. Such amount shall be increased by an amount equal to”, by adding “provided” re local funding and by replacing “such town may use up to ten per cent but no more than seventy-five thousand dollars of such amount for coordination, program evaluation and administration” with “not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars”, effective October 5, 2009; P.A. 10-151 amended Subsec. (d)(2) by inserting exception re Subpara. (C) in Subpara. (A) and adding Subpara. (C) re continued receipt of grant despite ineligibility and amended Subsec. (e) by adding new Subdiv. (2)(A) re deposit of unexpended funds into account established under Sec. 10-16aa, redesignating existing Subdiv. (2) as new Subdiv. (2)(B) and amending same to add “pursuant to said subsection (c) or deposited pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this subdivision” and redesignate existing Subparas. (A) to (H) as clauses (i) to (viii), effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 11-48 amended Subsec. (e)(3) by replacing “2011” with “2013”, effective June 13, 2011; pursuant to P.A. 11-48, “Board of Governors of Higher Education” and “Department of Higher Education” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Board of Regents for Higher Education”, and “Commissioner of Higher Education” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “president of the Board of Regents for Higher Education”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-54 amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and Subdiv. (2)(A) and (B) and, in Subdiv. (2)(A), to add requirement re childhood development associate or equivalent credential and provisions re determination by Commissioner of Higher Education after consultation with Commissioners of Education and Social Services and, in Subdiv. (2)(B), to make provisions applicable from July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2020, and replace former Subparas. (A) and (B) re degree and certification requirements with provisions re certification and degree requirements applicable to each early childhood education program accepting state funds, by adding Subdiv. (2)(C) re staff qualifications on and after July 1, 2020, by adding Subdiv. (3) re individuals considered to meet staff requirements who may not be terminated from employment, and by adding Subdiv. (4) re submission of bachelor's degree documentation, amended Subsec. (e)(2) by adding new Subpara. (B) re unexpended funds appropriated for purposes of Subsec. (c) and by redesignating existing Subpara. (B) as Subpara. (C) and making conforming changes therein, and made technical changes in Subsecs. (b), (d), (e) and (g), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-50 amended Subsec. (b) by adding reference to “State Board of Education” in Subdiv. (2)(A), by deleting reference to “school readiness or childcare services funds and funds from the Department of Social Services” and adding references to “infant, toddler and preschool spaces”, “State Board of Education”, “regionally accredited” and “primary responsibility for a classroom of children” in Subdiv. (2)(B), by deleting reference to “school readiness or childcare services funds and funds from the Department of Social Services” and adding reference to “infant, toddler and preschool spaces”, “State Board of Education” and “regionally accredited” in Subdiv. (2)(C), and by deleting reference to “school readiness or childcare services funds and funds from the Department of Social Services”, adding reference to “infant, toddler and preschool spaces” and adding requirement that individuals terminating employment with early childhood education program and accepting teaching position at another early childhood education program accepting state funds for spaces associated with child day care or school readiness program submit documentation of progress toward meeting staff qualification requirements in Subdiv. (3), amended Subsec. (e)(2)(B) by permitting Department of Education, rather than local school readiness programs, to use unexpended funds, requiring department to give priority to staff members attending institution of higher education accredited by Board of Regents for Higher Education or State Board of Education and regionally accredited, requiring individual staff members, rather than local school readiness programs, to apply for unexpended funds and requiring application to be in a manner determined by department, rather than as part of school readiness program's application for a grant, and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 12-116 amended Subsec. (b)(1) by replacing “continuing education training” with “professional development”, effective July 1, 2012; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1 amended Subsec. (e)(2)(B) by adding provision re professional development for early childhood education program providers offered by a professional development and program improvement system within the Connecticut State University System, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-118 amended Subsec. (b)(2)(B) to replace “State Board of Education” with “Office of Higher Education”, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 13-261 amended Subsecs. (b) and (e)(2)(B) to make technical changes, effective July 11, 2013; P.A. 14-39 replaced references to Commissioner and Department of Education with references to Commissioner and Office of Early Childhood, amended Subsec. (a) by deleting “in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services,” in Subdiv. (5), redefining “commissioner” as Commissioner of Early Childhood in Subdiv. (7), deleting former Subdiv. (8) defining “department”, adding new Subdiv. (8) defining “office” and adding Subdiv. (9) defining “seeking accreditation”, amended Subsec. (b) by adding “Commissioners of Education and” in Subdiv. (1), adding “the commissioner or”, replacing “Commissioners of Education and Social Services” with “commissioner” and replacing “State Board of Education” with “Office of Higher Education” in Subdiv. (2)(A), replacing “to” with “until” and adding “or the Office of Higher Education” in Subdiv. (2)(B), replacing “State Board of Education” with “the Office of Higher Education” in Subdiv. (2)(C), adding provision re bachelor's degree in early childhood education or child development or bachelor's degree and 12 credits or more in early childhood education or child development, deleting “as a teacher”, deleting “and meets the staff qualifications required under subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of this subsection” and deleting provision re individual terminating employment with an early childhood education program in Subdiv. (3), and adding provision re bachelor's degree in early childhood education or child development or bachelor's degree and 12 credits or more in early childhood education or child development, deleting “(A) and” and adding “and (C)” in Subdiv. (4), amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services,” with “commissioner”, deleting provision re Departments of Education and Social Services jointly reviewing and approving plans, adding provision re commissioner review and approval of plans, and adding “on or before June 30, 2014, and on or after July 1, 2014, from the office,”, amended Subsec. (d)(1) by replacing “Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services,” with “commissioner”, adding “or school readiness programs seeking accreditation”, deleting “as provided for in subdivision (2) of this subsection,”, adding Subpara. (D) re town designated as an alliance district whose school district is not a priority school district, replacing “to exceed” with “less than”, deleting “in excess of one hundred seven thousand dollars to towns with two or more priority schools in such district” and adding provision re grant for increase in spaces for eligible children, amended Subsec. (e)(2) by replacing “2012” with “2015”, adding “care and”, deleting “offered by a professional development and program improvement system within the Connecticut State University System”, adding provision re staff employed in programs accepting state funds for infant, toddler and preschool slots, replacing “July 1, 2012, in consultation with the president of the Board of Regents for Higher Education” with “July 1, 2015”, deleting former clause (i) and (ii) designators, designating existing provision re accreditation by Board of Regents for Higher Education as new clause (i) and amending same to delete “State Board of Education” and add “the Office of Higher Education, and approved by the Office of Early Childhood”, replacing “2013” with “2015” and deleting provision re in-state public, for-profit or non-profit institution of higher education, adding new clause (ii) re noncredit competency-based training in Subpara. (B) and adding clause (ix) re plan to provide spaces to eligible children in Subpara. (C), amended Subsec. (e)(3) by replacing “2008” with “2015” and “2013” with “2016”, amended Subsec. (g) by replacing “Department of Education, in consultation with the Department of Social Services,” with “commissioner” and “Departments of Education and Social Services” with “commissioner”, amended Subsec. (h) by replacing “For the first three years a town receives grants” with “Any town receiving a grant”, and made technical and conforming changes, effective July 1, 2014 (Revisor's note: In Subsec. (a), a reference to repealed Sec. 10-16s was replaced editorially by the Revisors with a reference to Sec. 10-16r for accuracy); P.A. 15-134 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “2015” with “2017” in Subdiv. (2)(A) and (B) and adding Subdiv. (5) re individuals who have been employed in same program since 1995 considered to meet staff qualifications requirement, effective June 24, 2015; P.A. 15-227 amended Subsec. (c) by adding provision re programs located in priority school districts or former priority school districts, deleting provision re residency requirement for eligible children, and replacing “child day care services” with “child care services”, amended Subsec. (d)(1) by deleting provision re residency requirement for eligible children, making provisions applicable to a program's location, replacing “not less than one hundred seven thousand dollars per priority school or town” with “equal to the number of spaces in an accredited school readiness program or a school readiness program seeking accreditation multiplied by the per child cost set forth in subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 10-16q”, and making conforming changes, amended Subsec. (e)(2)(B) by replacing “five hundred thousand” with “one million” and, in clause (i), replacing “five” with “ten”, and made a technical change in Subsec. (e)(2)(C), effective July 1, 2015; pursuant to P.A. 15-227, “child day care centers” and “child day care program” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “child care centers” and “child care program”, respectively, in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 16-15 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “president of the Board of Regents for Higher Education” with “president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities” and replacing “associate's degree” with “associate degree” and amended Subsec. (e)(2)(B) by replacing “associate's degree” with “associate degree”, effective May 6, 2016; P.A. 17-41 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subdiv. (10) defining “concentration in early childhood education”, amended Subsec. (b)(2)(A) by replacing “2017” with “2018” and adding clauses (v) and (vi) re associate degree with concentration in early childhood education and bachelor's degree with concentration in early childhood education, respectively, amended Subsec. (b)(2)(B) by replacing “July 1, 2017, until June 30, 2020” with “July 1, 2018, until June 30, 2021”, replacing provisions re bachelor's degree with concentration in early childhood education with provision re early childhood teacher credential in clause (i)(II), adding subclauses (III) and (IV) re bachelor's degree with concentration in early childhood education and satisfying requirements of subsection, respectively, in clause (i), deleting subclause (I) re accreditation, deleting subclause (II) designator and deleting provision re associate degree program approval in clause (ii), amended Subsec. (b)(2)(C) by replacing “2020” with “2021”, replacing provisions re bachelor's degree with concentration in early childhood education with provision re early childhood teacher credential in clause (ii), adding clauses (iii) and (iv) re bachelor's degree with concentration in early childhood education and satisfying requirements of subsection, respectively, amended Subsec. (b)(4) by adding references to associate degree, and made technical and conforming changes, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 17-56 amended Subsec. (b)(5) by making a technical change, effective June 20, 2017; P.A. 18-123 amended Subsec. (b)(2) by replacing “2018” with “2020” in Subpara. (A), replacing “July 1, 2018, until June 30, 2021” with July 1, 2020, until June 30, 2023” in Subpara. (B), and replacing “2021” with “2023” in Subpara. (C), effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 18-139 made a technical change in Subsec. (b)(4), effective June 11, 2018; P.A. 18-172 amended Subsec. (g) by replacing “twenty-five thousand dollars” with “five per cent of the total grant allocation”, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 18-184 amended Subsec. (e)(2)(C)(vi) by adding “successfully” and “to preschool and” re strategies for children to transition, and adding provision re parental engagement and whole-family supports utilized through two-generational initiative or other available resources, and amended Subsec. (k) by designating existing provision re allocation of up to 2 per cent of appropriation for section to competitive grant program as Subdiv. (1) and adding Subdiv. (2) re commissioner may expend amount not to exceed 2 per cent of amount appropriated in manner consistent with Sec. 10-509, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-34 amended Subsec. (b)(2) by replacing “2020” with “2022” and adding “that for each early childhood education program accepting state funds for infant, toddler and preschool spaces associated with such program's child care program or school readiness program,” in Subpara. (A), replacing “2020” with “2022”, replacing “2023” with “2025” and replacing “a bachelor's” with “an associate”, deleting provision re associate degree with concentration in early childhood education from institution of higher education that is regionally accredited and adding provision re childhood development associate credential or equivalent credential and 12 credits or more in early childhood education or child development in Subpara. (B), adding new Subpara. (C) re staff qualifications for period July 1, 2025, until June 30, 2029, redesignating existing Subpara. (C) as Subpara. (D) and amending same to replace “2023” with “2029”, and made technical and conforming changes, effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 19-117 added Subsec. (l) re increasing salaries of individuals with direct responsibility for teaching or caring for children in a classroom at a school readiness program, effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 19-121 amended Subsec. (d)(1) by replacing “five-year period” with “three-year period”, effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 21-172 amended Subsec. (a) by adding references to National Association for Family Child Care in Subdivs. (5) and (9), amended Subsec. (b)(1) by adding “, group child care homes and family child care homes”, amended Subsec. (c) by deleting provision re grant to be provided to town in which priority school district or former priority school district is located, and adding provision re state may enter into contract with certain entities to provide state financial assistance, amended Subsec. (d)(1) by deleting provision re grant awards to be made annually contingent upon available funding and satisfactory evaluation and provision re grant to be used to purchase spaces from providers of school readiness programs, and adding provision re state may enter into contract with certain entities to provide state financial assistance, and amended Subsec. (e) by deleting former Subdiv. (1) re grants for priority school districts and former priority school districts, redesignating existing Subdivs. (2)(A) to (2)(C) as Subdivs. (1) to (3), respectively, deleting former Subdiv. (3) re office may retain up to $198,200 for coordination, program evaluation and administration and making conforming changes, effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 22-100 amended Subsec. (a)(6) by redefining “year-round” to be 48 weeks per year, effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-16q. School readiness program requirements. Per child cost limitation. Sliding fee scale. Waiver from schedule requirements. (a) Each school readiness program shall include: (1) A plan for collaboration with other community programs and services, including public libraries, and for coordination of resources in order to facilitate full-day and year-round child care and education programs for children of working parents and parents in education or training programs; (2) parent involvement, parenting education and outreach; (3) (A) record-keeping policies that require documentation of the name and address of each child's doctor, primary care provider and health insurance company and information on whether the child is immunized and has had health screens pursuant to the federal Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment Services Program under 42 USC 1396d, and (B) referrals for health services, including referrals for appropriate immunizations and screenings; (4) a plan for the incorporation of appropriate preliteracy practices and teacher training in such practices; (5) nutrition services; (6) referrals to family literacy programs that incorporate adult basic education and provide for the promotion of literacy through access to public library services; (7) admission policies that promote enrollment of children from different racial, ethnic and economic backgrounds and from other communities; (8) a plan of transition for participating children from the school readiness program to kindergarten and provide for the transfer of records from the program to the kindergarten program; (9) a plan for professional development for staff, including, but not limited to, training (A) in preliteracy skills development, and (B) designed to assure respect for racial and ethnic diversity; (10) a sliding fee scale for families participating in the program pursuant to section 17b-749d; and (11) an annual evaluation of the effectiveness of the program.

(b) (1) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020, the per child cost of the Office of Early Childhood school readiness program offered by a school readiness provider shall not exceed eight thousand nine hundred twenty-seven dollars. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, and each fiscal year thereafter, the per child cost of the Office of Early Childhood school readiness program offered by a school readiness provider shall not exceed nine thousand twenty-seven dollars.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (e) of section 10-16p, the office shall not provide funding to any school readiness provider that (A) for the school year commencing July 1, 2015, and each school year thereafter, is a local or regional board of education that does not collect preschool experience data using the preschool experience survey, described in section 10-515, and make such data available for inclusion in the public school information system, pursuant to section 10-10a, (B) on or before January 1, 2004, first entered into a contract with a town to provide school readiness services pursuant to this section and is not accredited on January 1, 2007, or (C) after January 1, 2004, first entered into a contract with a town to provide school readiness services pursuant to this section and does not become accredited by the date three years after the date on which the provider first entered into such a contract, except that the commissioner may grant an extension of time for a school readiness program to become accredited or reaccredited, provided (i) prior to such extension, the office conducts an on-site assessment of any such program and maintains a report of such assessment completed in a uniform manner, as prescribed by the commissioner, that includes a list of conditions such program must fulfill to become accredited or reaccredited, (ii) on or before June 30, 2014, the program is licensed by the Department of Public Health if required to be licensed by chapter 368a, and on and after July 1, 2014, the program is licensed by the office if required to be licensed by chapter 368a, (iii) the program has a corrective action plan that shall be prescribed by and monitored by the office, and (iv) the program meets such other conditions as may be prescribed by the commissioner. During the period of such extension, such program shall be eligible for funding pursuant to section 10-16p.

(3) A school readiness provider may provide child care services and the cost of such child care services shall not be subject to such per child cost limitation.

(c) A local or regional board of education may implement a sliding fee scale for the cost of services provided to children enrolled in a school readiness program.

(d) A town or school readiness council may file a waiver application to the office on forms provided by the office for the purpose of seeking approval of a school readiness schedule that varies from the minimum hours and number of days provided for in subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 10-16p or from the definition of a year-round program pursuant to subdivision (6) of subsection (a) of section 10-16p. The office may approve any such waiver if the office finds that the proposed schedule meets the purposes set forth in the provisions of section 10-16o concerning the development of school readiness programs and maximizes available dollars to serve more children or address community needs.

(P.A. 97-259, S. 3, 41; P.A. 98-243, S. 11, 25; P.A. 99-230, S. 2, 10; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 14, 54; P.A. 04-215, S. 3; P.A. 05-245, S. 8; P.A. 06-135, S. 24; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5, S. 70; P.A. 08-85, S. 2; 08-170, S. 5; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6, S. 33; P.A. 14-39, S. 14; P.A. 15-227, S. 25; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 324; P.A. 18-184, S. 8; P.A. 19-117, S. 260.)

History: P.A. 97-259 effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-243 amended Subsec. (a) to add “public libraries” in Subdiv. (1) and provision for the transfer of records in Subdiv. (7), effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-230 amended Subsec. (a) to make the existing Subdiv. (3) Subpara. (B) and to add Subpara. (A) re record-keeping policies, and to require the use of assessment measures developed pursuant to Sec. 10-16s for annual evaluations, effective July 1, 1999; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 amended Subsec. (a) to renumber Subdivs. (4) to (10) as Subdivs. (5) to (11), to add new Subdiv. (4) re preliteracy practices and in Subdiv. (9) to include plan requirements in Subparas. (A) and (B), effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 04-215 amended Subsec. (b) to change the maximum per child cost from foundation, as defined in Sec. 10-262f(9), to $6,400, and added Subsec. (d) re waiver from requirements of school readiness schedule, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 05-245 amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing language re maximum per child cost as Subdiv. (1) and increasing existing per child cost to $6,650 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2006, by adding new Subdiv. (2) re maximum per child cost for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2007, and each fiscal year thereafter, and by designating existing language re child day care services as Subdiv. (3), effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 06-135 amended Subsec. (b)(2) by adding provisions re denial of funding for lack of accreditation, effective July 1, 2006; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5 amended Subsec. (b)(2) to add language re the per child cost monthly increase beginning January 2008, effective October 6, 2007; P.A. 08-85 amended Subsec. (b) to divide existing Subdiv. (2) into Subdivs. (2) and (3), add language in new Subdiv. (3) re extension of time to become accredited or reaccredited and redesignate existing Subdiv. (3) as new Subdiv. (4), effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 08-170 amended Subsec. (b) to increase maximum per child cost of the department's program to $8,346 for fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, in Subdiv. (2) and to add reference to Ch. 368a in Subdiv. (3)(B)(ii), effective July 1, 2008; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6 amended Subsec. (b)(2) by adding “and each fiscal year thereafter,” and making a technical change, effective October 5, 2009; P.A. 14-39 replaced references to Commissioner and Department of Education with references to Commissioner and Office of Early Childhood, amended Subsec. (a) by deleting provision re assessment measures in annual evaluations, amended Subsec. (b) by deleting former Subdiv. (1) re per child cost for fiscal year ending June 30, 2006, redesignating existing Subdivs. (2) to (4) as Subdivs. (1) to (3), increasing maximum per child cost of office's program from $8,346 to $8,670 for fiscal year ending June 30, 2015, in redesignated Subdiv. (1), adding new Subpara. (A) re board of education that does not collect preschool experience data, redesignating existing Subpara. (A) re provider of school readiness services that is not accredited on January 1, 2007, as Subpara. (B), redesignating existing Subpara. (B) re provider of school readiness services that does not become accredited by 3 years after date of entering into a contract as Subpara. (C) and amending same to add “on or before June 30, 2014,” and “and on and after July 1, 2014, the program is licensed by the office if required to be licensed by chapter 368a,” in clause (ii) in redesignated Subdiv. (2), amended Subsec. (d) by replacing reference to Sec. 10-16p(a)(7) with reference to Sec. 10-16p(a)(6) and deleting provision re consultation with Department of Social Services, and made technical and conforming changes, effective July 1, 2014; pursuant to P.A. 15-227, “child day care services” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “child care services” in Subsec. (b)(3), effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (b)(1) by increasing maximum per child cost of office's program from $8,670 to $8,927, effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 18-184 amended Subsec. (b)(1) by replacing “fiscal year ending June 30 2015, and each fiscal year thereafter” with “fiscal years ending June 30, 2015, to June 30, 2019, inclusive” and adding provision re commissioner may establish new rates and revise rates for program, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-117 amended Subsec. (b)(1) by replacing “fiscal years ending June 30, 2015, to June 30, 2019, inclusive” with “fiscal year ending June 30, 2020”, deleting provision re commissioner may establish new rates and revise rates for program, and adding provision re per child cost of program not to exceed $9,027 for fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, and each fiscal year thereafter, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-16r. Local school readiness councils; duties. Regional school readiness councils. (a) A town seeking to apply for a grant pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-16p or section 10-16u shall convene a local school readiness council or shall establish a regional school readiness council pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. Any other town may convene such a council. The chief elected official of the town or, in the case of a regional school district, the chief elected officials of the towns in the school district and the superintendent of schools for the school district shall jointly appoint and convene such council. Each school readiness council shall be composed of: (1) The chief elected official, or the official's designee; (2) the superintendent of schools, or a management level staff person as the superintendent's designee; (3) parents; (4) representatives from local programs such as Head Start, child care providers receiving state financial assistance pursuant to section 8-210, family resource centers, nonprofit and for-profit child care centers, group child care homes, prekindergarten and nursery schools, and family child care home providers; (5) a representative from a health care provider in the community; (6) the local homeless education liaison designated by the local or regional board of education for the school district, pursuant to Subtitle B of Title VII of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, 42 USC 11431 et seq., as amended from time to time; (7) a representative from a workforce or job training entity in the community; (8) a representative from a local business in the community; and (9) other representatives from the community who provide services to children. On and after July 1, 2021, the members of the school readiness council shall elect the chairperson of the school readiness council. Each school readiness council is required to document efforts to ensure that the racial, ethnic and socioeconomic composition of the council reflects that of its town or region, as applicable. At least twenty-five per cent of the membership of the school readiness council shall be parents or guardians of children eligible to attend a school readiness program. Such parents or guardians may, within available appropriations, be compensated for any time and travel related to council meetings, and any activities related to training, leadership and community engagement. School readiness council meetings shall be held at times and locations that are convenient for the council members, including the parent and guardian members.

(b) The local school readiness council shall: (1) Make recommendations to the chief elected official and the superintendent of schools on issues relating to school readiness, including any applications for grants pursuant to sections 10-16p, 10-16u, 17b-749a and 17b-749c; (2) foster partnerships among providers of school readiness programs; (3) cooperate with the Office of Early Childhood in any evaluation of a school readiness program; (4) identify existing and prospective resources and services available to children and families; (5) facilitate the coordination of the delivery of services to children and families, including (A) referral procedures, and (B) before and after-school child care for children attending kindergarten programs; (6) exchange information with other councils, the community and organizations serving the needs of children and families; (7) make recommendations to school officials concerning transition from school readiness programs to kindergarten; (8) encourage public participation; and (9) collaborate with the Office of Early Childhood related to planning improvements to the state early care and education governance structure.

(c) Two or more towns or school districts and appropriate representatives of groups or entities interested in early childhood education in a region may establish a regional school readiness council. If a priority school is located in at least one of such school districts, the regional school readiness council may apply for a grant pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-16p. The regional school readiness council may perform the duties outlined in subdivisions (2) to (8), inclusive, of subsection (b) of this section.

(P.A. 97-259, S. 4, 41; P.A. 98-243, S. 10, 25; P.A. 99-230, S. 3, 10; P.A. 00-187, S. 11, 75; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 15, 54; P.A. 04-215, S. 5; P.A. 05-245, S. 2; P.A. 11-136, S. 9; P.A. 14-39, S. 15; P.A. 15-143, S. 4; 15-227, S. 5, 25; P.A. 16-100, S. 6; 16-163, S. 19; P.A. 21-172, S. 3.)

History: P.A. 97-259 effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-243 added Subdiv. (5) of Subsec. (b)(5)(B) re before and after-school child care, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-230 added Subsec. (b)(4) and (5) re biannual reports and re evaluations, and renumbered the existing Subdivs. (4) to (8), inclusive, as Subdivs. (6) to (10), inclusive, and amended Subsec. (c) to make a technical change, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-187 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to add references to Sec. 10-16u and to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 amended Subsec. (a) to allow a town to establish a regional school readiness council, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 04-215 amended Subsec. (b)(3) by adding provision re universal school readiness in priority school districts and by including factors identified pursuant to Subdiv. (3) as part of reporting requirements in Subdiv. (4), effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 05-245 added Subsec. (a)(5) re a representative from a health care provider, redesignating existing Subdiv. (5) as Subdiv. (6), effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 11-136 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “biannual” with “biennial” in Subdiv. (4), designating existing language in Subdiv. (4) re factors identified pursuant to Subdiv. (3) as new Subdiv. (5) and adding “submit biennial reports on” therein, and redesignating existing Subdivs. (5) to (10) as Subdivs. (6) to (11), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 14-39 amended Subsec. (b) by deleting former Subdiv. (3) re assisting in the identification of children not being served, redesignating existing Subdiv. (4) as Subdiv. (3) and amending same to delete “future needs” and add provision re number of children not being served by school readiness programs and estimated cost, deleting former Subdiv. (5) re biennial reports and redesignating existing Subdivs. (6) to (11) as Subdivs. (4) to (9), and amended Subsec. (c) to make a conforming change, effective July 1, 2014; P.A. 15-143 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “Department of Education” with “Office of Early Childhood” in Subdiv. (3) and by replacing “department” with “office” and deleting reference to Sec. 10-16s in Subdiv. (4), effective June 30, 2015; P.A. 15-227 amended Subsec. (b) by deleting former Subdiv. (3) re submission of biennial reports and redesignating existing Subdivs. (4) to (9) as Subdivs. (3) to (8), effective July 1, 2015; pursuant to P.A. 15-227, “child day care centers”, “group day care homes” and “family day care home” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “child care centers”, “group child care homes” and “family child care home”, respectively, in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 16-100 amended Subsec. (a) by adding new Subdiv. (6) re local homeless education liaison and redesignating existing Subdiv. (6) re other representatives as Subdiv. (7), effective June 2, 2016; P.A. 16-163 amended Subsec. (b)(3) by replacing “office in any program evaluation” with “Office of Early Childhood in any evaluation of a school readiness program”, effective June 9, 2016; P.A. 21-172 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “child care providers receiving state financial assistance pursuant to section 8-210,” in Subdiv. (4), adding new Subdivs. (7) and (8) re representatives from workforce or job training entity and local business in the community, redesignating existing Subdiv. (7) as Subdiv. (9), replacing provision re chief elected official to designate chairperson of council with provision re members of council to elect chairperson, and adding provisions re membership and meetings of council, and amended Subsec. (b) by adding Subdiv. (9) re collaborate with Office of Early Childhood related to planning improvements to state early care and education governance structure, effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-16s. Interagency agreement on school readiness. Assessment measures. Section 10-16s is repealed, effective July 1, 2014.

(P.A. 97-259, S. 6, 41; P.A. 99-230, S. 4, 10; P.A. 05-245, S. 3; P.A. 07-73, S. 2(b); June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 19–21; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6, S. 51; P.A. 14-39, S. 88.)

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Sec. 10-16t. Participation by five-year-olds in school readiness programs. A local school readiness council may elect to reserve up to five per cent of the spaces in its school readiness programs for children who are five years of age and are eligible to attend school pursuant to section 10-15c. Such children shall only be eligible to participate in the school readiness program if they have been in the program for at least one year and the parent or legal guardian of such a child, the school readiness program provider and the local or regional school district in which the child would otherwise be attending school agree that the child is not ready for kindergarten.

(P.A. 99-230, S. 9, 10.)

History: P.A. 99-230 effective July 1, 1999.

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Sec. 10-16u. Grants for school readiness programs in transitional school districts. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Commissioner of Early Childhood shall provide grants, within available appropriations, to eligible school readiness program providers pursuant to subsection (b) of section 10-16p to provide spaces in accredited school readiness programs for eligible children who reside in transitional school districts pursuant to section 10-263c, except for transitional school districts eligible for grants pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-16p. Under the program, the grant shall be provided to the town in which such transitional school district is located. Eligibility shall be determined for a five-year period based on a school district's designation as a transitional school district in the initial year of application, except that grants pursuant to this section shall not be provided for transitional school districts eligible for grants pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-16p. Grant awards shall be made annually contingent upon available funding and a satisfactory annual evaluation. The chief elected official of such town and the superintendent of schools for such transitional school district shall submit a plan for the expenditure of grant funds and responses to the local request for proposal process to the commissioner. The commissioner shall review and approve such plans, provided such plans meet the requirements specified in subsection (c) of section 10-16p.

(P.A. 00-187, S. 9, 75; P.A. 04-215, S. 4; P.A. 14-39, S. 16.)

History: P.A. 00-187 effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 04-215 deleted reference to “approved” programs, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 14-39 replaced “2002” with “2015” and “Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services,” with “Early Childhood”, replaced provision re departments jointly reviewing and approving plans with provision re commissioner review and approval of plans and made technical and conforming changes, effective July 1, 2014.

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Sec. 10-16v. After school committee established. Appointment of members. Reports and recommendations. Acceptance of funding. Reports to General Assembly. (a) The Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services, and the executive director of the Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity, shall establish an after school committee.

(b) The after school committee shall be appointed by the Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services, and the executive director of the Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity and shall include, but not be limited to, persons having expertise in after school programs, after school program providers, local elected officials, members of community agencies, members of the business community and professional educators.

(c) The after school committee may report on and make recommendations, including, but not be limited to, the following: (1) Identification of existing state, federal and private resources to support and sustain after school programs; (2) methods and practices to enhance coordination and goal setting among state agencies to achieve efficiencies and to encourage training and local technical assistance with respect to after school programs; (3) identification of best practices; (4) methods of encouraging community-based providers; (5) professional development; (6) measures to address barriers to after school programs; and (7) a private and public governance structure that ensures sustainability for after school programs.

(d) The Commissioner of Education may seek and accept funding from private organizations that do not receive grants or other funding from the Department of Education to implement the provisions of this section.

(e) The after school committee shall report, in accordance with section 11-4a, its findings pursuant to this section to the General Assembly by February 1, 2004.

(f) Not later than February 1, 2019, the after school committee shall submit a report, and any recommendations for legislation, on how to better coordinate, expand, finance and improve the quality, accessibility and affordability of summer and after school programming for school-age children in all settings to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and appropriations, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(P.A. 03-206, S. 1; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-3, S. 140; P.A. 18-182, S. 6; P.A. 19-117, S. 113.)

History: P.A. 03-206 effective July 9, 2003; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-3 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) by replacing “Commission on Children” with “Commission on Women, Children and Seniors”, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 18-182 added Subsec. (f) re report and recommendations on how to better coordinate, expand, finance and improve quality, accessibility and affordability of summer and after school programming, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-117 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) by replacing “Commission on Women, Children and Seniors” with “Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity”, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-16w. Early learning and development standards; technical assistance and training. The Commissioner of Early Childhood shall provide, within available appropriations, technical assistance and training to early childhood providers to assist in the implementation of the early learning and development standards developed by the Office of Early Childhood, pursuant to section 10-500.

(P.A. 05-245, S. 11; P.A. 14-39, S. 17.)

History: P.A. 05-245 effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 14-39 replaced reference to Commissioner of Education with reference to Commissioner of Early Childhood, replaced “school readiness programs” with “early childhood providers”, replaced provision re preschool curriculum guidelines with provision re early learning and development standards and made a technical change, effective July 1, 2014.

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Sec. 10-16x. After school program grant. (a) The Department of Education, in consultation with the after school committee established pursuant to section 10-16v, may, within available appropriations, administer a grant program to provide grants to local and regional boards of education, municipalities and not-for-profit organizations that are exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, or any combination thereof, for after school programs that provide direct services and for entities that provide support to after school programs. For purposes of this subsection, “after school program” means a program that takes place when school is not in session, provides educational, enrichment and recreational activities for children in grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, and has a parent involvement component.

(b) (1) Applications for grants pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be filed biennially with the Commissioner of Education at such time and in such manner as the commissioner prescribes. As part of the application, an applicant shall submit a plan for the expenditure of grant funds.

(2) Eligibility for grants pursuant to this section shall be determined for a two-year period and shall be based on the plan for expenditure of grant funds. Prior to the payment of funds to the grant recipient for the second year of the grant, the grant recipient shall report to the Department of Education on performance outcomes of the program and file expenditure reports pursuant to subsection (f) of this section. The report concerning performance outcomes shall include, but not be limited to, measurements of the impact on student achievement, school attendance and the in-school behavior of student participants.

(c) The Department of Education and the after school committee established pursuant to section 10-16v shall develop and apply appropriate evaluation procedures to measure the effectiveness of the grant program established pursuant to this section.

(d) For purposes of carrying out the provisions of this section, the Department of Education may accept funds from private sources and from any state agency that is a member of the after school committee.

(e) The Department of Education shall provide grant recipients with technical assistance, evaluation, program monitoring, professional development and accreditation support. The department may retain up to four per cent of the amount appropriated for the grant program for purposes of this subsection.

(f) Grant recipients shall file expenditure reports with the Commissioner of Education in accordance with subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section and at such time and in such manner as the commissioner prescribes. Grant recipients shall refund (1) any unexpended amounts at the close of the program for which the grant was awarded, and (2) any amounts not expended in accordance with the approved grant application.

(g) Not later than February 15, 2012, and biennially thereafter, the Department of Education shall report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a, to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education on performance outcomes of recipients of grants under this section. The report shall include, but not be limited to, measurements of the impact on student achievement, school attendance and the in-school behavior of student participants.

(h) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Department of Education shall award at least ten per cent of the funds appropriated for the grant program to municipalities with a total population of seven thousand five hundred or fewer or local or regional boards of education for towns with a total population of seven thousand five hundred or fewer, except that any such funds not awarded to such municipalities or local or regional boards of education on or before October fifteenth of the fiscal year shall be available to be awarded to any municipality or local or regional board of education.

(i) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020, and each fiscal year thereafter, grant recipients may expend funds for the purposes of providing transportation as part of the after school program.

(P.A. 05-245, S. 46; P.A. 06-13, S. 3; 06-192, S. 12; 06-196, S. 222; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 26; P.A. 11-136, S. 4; P.A. 12-120, S. 10; P.A. 19-117, S. 248.)

History: P.A. 05-245 effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 06-13 made technical changes in Subsec. (a), effective May 2, 2006; P.A. 06-192 redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d), making a technical change therein, and added new Subsec. (c) re evaluation procedures, effective July 1, 2006; P.A. 06-196 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective June 7, 2006; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that grants are for programs that provide direct services and for entities that provide support to after school programs and that after school programs include parent involvement, amended Subsec. (b) to change annual application to biennial application with requirement for a plan for expenditure, to designate existing language as Subdiv. (1) and to add Subdiv. (2) re eligibility, added Subsec. (e) re technical assistance, evaluation, program monitoring and accreditation support, added Subsec. (f) re expenditure reports and added Subsec. (g) re report on performance outcomes, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 11-136 amended Subsec. (g) by replacing “October 1, 2008” with “December 1, 2011”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-120 amended Subsec. (g) by replacing “December 1, 2011” with “February 15, 2012”, effective June 15, 2012; P.A. 19-117 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “or any combination thereof”, added Subsec. (h) re department to award at least 10 per cent of funds to municipalities or local or regional boards of education with total population of 7,500 or fewer, and added Subsec. (i) re recipients may expend funds for transportation, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-16y. Office of Early Childhood Planning, Outreach and Coordination. Duties. Section 10-16y is repealed, effective July 1, 2011.

(Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6, S. 49; P.A. 10-71, S. 1; P.A. 11-181, S. 5.)

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Sec. 10-16z. Early Childhood Cabinet. Members. Duties. (a) There is established the Early Childhood Cabinet. The cabinet shall consist of: (1) The Commissioner of Early Childhood, or the commissioner's designee, (2) the Commissioner of Education, or the commissioner's designee, (3) the Commissioner of Social Services, or the commissioner's designee, (4) the president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities, or the president's designee, (5) the Commissioner of Public Health, or the commissioner's designee, (6) the Commissioner of Developmental Services, or the commissioner's designee, (7) the Commissioner of Children and Families, or the commissioner's designee, (8) the executive director of the Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity or the executive director's designee, (9) the project director of the Connecticut Head Start State Collaboration Office, (10) a parent or guardian of a child who attends or attended a school readiness program appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives, (11) a representative of a local provider of early childhood education appointed by the minority leader of the Senate, (12) a representative of the Connecticut Family Resource Center Alliance appointed by the majority leader of the House of Representatives, (13) a representative of a state-funded child care center appointed by the majority leader of the Senate, (14) two appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives, one of whom is a member of a board of education for a town designated as an alliance district, as defined in section 10-262u, and one of whom is a parent who has a child attending a school in an educational reform district, as defined in section 10-262u, (15) two appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate, one of whom is a representative of an association of early education and child care providers and one of whom is a representative of a public elementary school with a prekindergarten program, (16) ten appointed by the Governor, one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Head Start Association, one of whom is a representative of the business community in this state, one of whom is a representative of the philanthropic community in this state, one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut State Employees Association, one of whom is an administrator of the child care development block grant pursuant to the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990, one of whom is responsible for administering grants received under section 1419 of Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 USC 1419, as amended from time to time, one of whom is responsible for administering the provisions of Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 20 USC 6301 et seq., one of whom is responsible for coordinating education services to children and youth who are homeless, one of whom is a licensed family child care home provider and a member of a staffed family child care network identified by the Commissioner of Early Childhood, and one of whom is a parent recommended by a parent advisory group that has been appointed by the Commissioner of Early Childhood, (17) the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, or the secretary's designee, (18) the Lieutenant Governor, or the Lieutenant Governor's designee, (19) the Commissioner of Housing, or the commissioner's designee, and (20) the Commissioner of Mental Health and Addiction Services, or the commissioner's designee.

(b) The Commissioner of Early Childhood shall serve as a cochairperson of the cabinet. The other cochairperson of the cabinet shall be appointed from among its members by the Governor. The cabinet shall meet at least quarterly. Members shall not be compensated for their services, except the following members, who are parents or guardians, may, within available appropriations, be compensated for any time and travel related to meetings of the cabinet: (1) The parent or guardian of a child who attends or attended a school readiness program and was appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives under subdivision (10) of subsection (a) of this section, (2) the parent who has a child attending a school in an educational reform district, as defined in section 10-262u, and was appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives under subdivision (14) of subsection (a) of this section, and (3) the parent who was recommended by a parent advisory group and appointed by the Governor under subdivision (16) of subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Within available resources, the Early Childhood Cabinet shall (1) advise the Office of Early Childhood, established pursuant to section 10-500, (2) not later than December 1, 2009, and annually thereafter, develop an annual plan of action that assigns the appropriate state agency to complete the tasks specified in the federal Head Start Act of 2007, P.L. 110-134, as amended from time to time, and (3) not later than March 1, 2010, and annually thereafter, submit an annual state-wide strategic report, pursuant to said federal Head Start Act, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a, addressing the progress such agencies have made toward the completion of such tasks outlined under said federal Head Start Act and this subsection to the Governor and the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and human services.

(d) The Early Childhood Cabinet shall be within the Office of Early Childhood for administrative purposes only.

(Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6, S. 50; P.A. 11-48, S. 285; 11-181, S. 1; P.A. 14-39, S. 18; P.A. 15-227, S. 13; P.A. 16-15, S. 16; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-3, S. 141; P.A. 19-117, S. 114; P.A. 22-100, S. 1.)

History: Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6 effective October 5, 2009; pursuant to P.A. 11-48, “Commissioner of Higher Education” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “president of the Board of Regents for Higher Education” in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-181 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing Commissioner of Mental Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner of Children and Families in Subdiv. (7), replacing representative from a Head Start program with a parent or guardian of a child who attends or attended a school readiness program in Subdiv. (10), redesignating existing Subdivs. (12) to (15) as Subdivs. (14) to (17), adding new Subdiv. (12) re representative of the Connecticut Family Resource Center Alliance and new Subdiv. (13) re representative of a state funded child care center, adding additional appointment in redesignated Subdiv. (16) re representative of Connecticut Head Start Association and making a conforming change, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 14-39 changed “Early Childhood Education Cabinet” to “Early Childhood Cabinet”, amended Subsec. (a) by adding new Subdiv. (1) re Commissioner of Early Childhood, redesignating existing Subdiv. (1) as Subdiv. (2), deleting former Subdiv. (2) re representative who is responsible for programs under federal act, deleting provision re representative from an institution of higher education in the state and adding “or the president's designee,” in Subdiv. (4), replacing appointments re member of House of Representatives and parent who has child attending school in priority school district with appointments re board of education member for an alliance district and parent who has child attending school in educational reform district in Subdiv. (14), replacing appointment re member of Senate with appointment re representative of association of early education and child care providers in Subdiv. (15), changing number of gubernatorial appointments from 2 to 4 and adding appointments re representatives of philanthropic community and Connecticut State Employees Association in Subdiv. (16) and deleting provision re chairperson appointed from among members by Governor, added new Subsec. (b) re cochairpersons, members and meetings, redesignated existing Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (c) and amended same by replacing “appropriations and such private funding as may be available” with “resources” and replacing provision re coordination among state agencies and public and private partnerships with provision re advising Office of Early Childhood in Subdiv. (1), and redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d) and amended same by replacing “Department of Education” with “Office of Early Childhood”, effective July 1, 2014; P.A. 15-227 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “four” with “eight” and adding additional appointments re administrator of child care development block grant, person responsible for administering grants under section 1419 of Part B of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, person responsible for administering provisions of Title I of Elementary and Secondary Education Act and person responsible for coordinating education services to homeless children and youth in Subdiv. (16), adding Subdiv. (18) re Lieutenant Governor, adding Subdiv. (19) re Commissioner of Housing and adding Subdiv. (20) re Commissioner of Mental Health and Addiction Services, effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 16-15 amended Subsec. (a)(4) by replacing “president of the Board of Regents for Higher Education” with “president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities”, effective July 1, 2016; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-3 amended Subsec. (a)(8) by replacing “Commission on Children” with “Commission on Women, Children and Seniors”, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 19-117 amended Subsec. (a)(8) by replacing “Commission on Women, Children and Seniors” with “Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity”, effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 22-100 amended Subsec. (a)(16) by replacing “eight” with “ten” and adding additional appointments re licensed family child care home provider and member of a staffed family child care network identified by the Commissioner of Early Childhood and a parent recommended by a parent advisory group that has been appointed by the Commissioner of Early Childhood, and amended Subsec. (b) by adding exception re parent or guardian members may be compensated for time and travel related to meeting of cabinet and deleting provision re members who fail to attend three consecutive meetings deemed to have resigned from cabinet, effective July 1, 2022.

See Sec. 4-38f for definition of “administrative purposes only”.

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Sec. 10-16aa. Competitive district grant account. There is established an account to be known as the competitive district grant account which shall be a separate, nonlapsing account within the General Fund. The account shall contain any moneys required by law to be deposited in the account. Moneys in the account shall be expended by the Commissioner of Early Childhood for the purposes of providing grants to competitive school districts to make slots available in school readiness programs. For purposes of this section, “competitive school district” means a school district described in subsection (d) of section 10-16p that has more than nine thousand students enrolled in schools in the district.

(P.A. 10-151, S. 5; P.A. 14-39, S. 19.)

History: P.A. 10-151 effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 14-39 replaced reference to Commissioner of Education with reference to Commissioner of Early Childhood and deleted “preschool” and “subdivision (1) of”, effective July 1, 2014.

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Sec. 10-16bb. Transferred to Chapter 184c, Sec. 10-502.

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(P.A. 11-48, S. 285; 11-181, S. 3; P.A. 12-116, S. 96; P.A. 14-39, S. 88.)

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Secs. 10-16ee to 10-16ll. Reserved for future use.

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Sec. 10-16mm. Task force to address academic achievement gaps. Master plan. Progress reports. (a) There is established a task force to address the academic achievement gaps in Connecticut by considering effective approaches to closing the achievement gaps in elementary, middle and high schools. The task force shall develop, in consultation with the Department of Education, the Connecticut State University System, the Interagency Council for Ending the Achievement Gap established pursuant to section 10-16nn, and the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, a master plan to eliminate the academic achievement gaps by January 1, 2020. Such master plan shall: (1) Identify the achievement gaps that exist among and between (A) racial groups, (B) ethnic groups, (C) socioeconomic groups, (D) genders, and (E) English language learners and students whose primary language is English; (2) focus efforts on closing the achievement gaps identified in subdivision (1) of this subsection; (3) establish annual benchmarks for implementation of the master plan and closing the achievement gaps; and (4) make recommendations regarding the creation of a Secretary of Education. The task force may amend such master plan at any time. For purposes of this section, “achievement gaps” means the existence of a significant disparity in the academic performance of students among and between (A) racial groups, (B) ethnic groups, (C) socioeconomic groups, (D) genders, and (E) English language learners and students whose primary language is English.

(b) The task force shall consist of the following members:

(1) Two appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives;

(2) Two appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate;

(3) One appointed by the majority leader of the House of Representatives;

(4) One appointed by the majority leader of the Senate;

(5) One appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives;

(6) One appointed by the minority leader of the Senate;

(7) One appointed by the chairman of the Black and Puerto Rican Caucus of the General Assembly;

(8) The Commissioner of Education, or the commissioner's designee; and

(9) One appointed by the Governor.

(c) Any member of the task force appointed under subdivision (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) or (7) of subsection (b) of this section may be a member of the General Assembly.

(d) All appointments to the task force shall be made not later than thirty days after July 8, 2011. Any vacancy shall be filled by the appointing authority.

(e) The speaker of the House of Representatives and the president pro tempore of the Senate shall select the chairpersons of the task force from among the members of the task force. Such chairpersons shall schedule the first meeting of the task force, which shall be held not later than sixty days after July 8, 2011.

(f) The administrative staff of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education shall serve as administrative staff of the task force.

(g) (1) Not later than January 15, 2013, the task force shall submit the master plan described in subsection (a) of this section to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a, and the Interagency Council for Ending the Achievement Gap described in section 10-16nn.

(2) Not later than July 1, 2013, and annually thereafter until January 1, 2020, the task force shall submit progress reports on the implementation of the master plan described in subsection (a) of this section and recommendations for implementing said master plan to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(h) The task force shall terminate on January 1, 2020.

(P.A. 11-85, S. 1; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, S. 235; P.A. 14-39, S. 65.)

History: P.A. 11-85 effective July 8, 2011; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1 amended Subsec. (g) by replacing “July 1, 2012” with “January 15, 2013” in Subdiv. (1) and replacing “January 1, 2013” with “July 1, 2013” in Subdiv. (2), effective June 15, 2012; P.A. 14-39 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting former Subdiv. (5) re plan for changing requirement for when a child may enroll in kindergarten and creation of school readiness program spaces, effective July 1, 2014.

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Sec. 10-16nn. Interagency Council for Ending the Achievement Gap. (a) There is established an Interagency Council for Ending the Achievement Gap. The council shall consist of: (1) The Lieutenant Governor, or the Lieutenant Governor's designee, (2) the Commissioner of Education, or the commissioner's designee, (3) the Commissioner of Children and Families, or the commissioner's designee, (4) the Commissioner of Social Services, or the commissioner's designee, (5) the Commissioner of Public Health, or the commissioner's designee, (6) the president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities, or the president's designee, (7) the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development, or the commissioner's designee, (8) the Commissioner of Administrative Services, or the commissioner's designee, (9) the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, or the secretary's designee, (10) the Commissioner of Housing, or the commissioner's designee, and (11) the Chief Court Administrator, or the Chief Court Administrator's designee. The chairperson of the council shall be the Lieutenant Governor, or the Lieutenant Governor's designee. The council shall meet at least quarterly.

(b) The Interagency Council for Ending the Achievement Gap shall (1) assist the achievement gap task force, established pursuant to section 10-16mm, in the development of the master plan to eliminate the academic achievement gaps in Connecticut, described in section 10-16mm, (2) implement the provisions of such master plan, and, if necessary, make recommendations for legislation relating to such master plan to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, and (3) submit annual progress reports on the implementation of such master plan to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and the achievement gap task force established pursuant to section 10-16mm, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(c) The Interagency Council for Ending the Achievement Gap shall be within the Department of Education for administrative purposes only.

(P.A. 11-48, S. 285; 11-85, S. 2; P.A. 13-234, S. 57; P.A. 16-15, S. 17; P.A. 17-173, S. 9.)

History: P.A. 11-85 effective July 1, 2011; pursuant to P.A. 11-48, “Commissioner of Higher Education” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “president of the Board of Regents for Higher Education” in Subsec. (a)(6), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-234 amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (10) re including Commissioner of Housing on council, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 16-15 amended Subsec. (a)(6) by replacing “president of the Board of Regents for Higher Education” with “president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities”, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 17-173 amended Subsec. (a) by adding new Subdiv. (11) re Chief Court Administrator, effective July 6, 2017.

See Sec. 4-38f for definition of “administrative purposes only”.

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Sec. 10-16oo. Model curricula and frameworks in mathematics for schools and districts identified as having academic achievement gaps. Not later than July 1, 2012, the Department of Education shall approve and make available model curricula and frameworks in mathematics for grades prekindergarten to grade four, inclusive, for use by local and regional boards of education for school districts or individual schools identified by the department as having achievement gaps, as defined in section 10-14u. Such curricula and frameworks shall be culturally relevant, research-based and aligned with student achievement standards adopted by the State Board of Education.

(P.A. 11-85, S. 8; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 396.)

History: P.A. 11-85 effective July 1, 2011; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 deleted provision re model curricula and frameworks in reading, deleted definition of “achievement gaps” and replaced “academic achievement gaps” with “achievement gaps, as defined in section 10-14u”, effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-16pp. Plan to provide instruction in financial literacy. Funds for implementation. Report. (a) The Department of Education, the Board of Regents for Higher Education, and the Board of Trustees for The University of Connecticut, in consultation with the Department of Banking, may develop a plan to provide to each student of a public high school or a constituent unit, as defined in section 10a-1, instruction in financial literacy, including, but not limited to, banking, investing, savings, the handling of personal finance matters, and the impact of using credit cards and debit cards. Upon development and implementation of such plan, such instruction may occur during a student's final year of high school and, for a student of a constituent unit, not later than such student's completion of his or her second semester at such constituent unit.

(b) The Department of Education, the Board of Regents for Higher Education and the Board of Trustees for The University of Connecticut shall work with the Department of Banking to leverage any available federal, state or private funds to implement the plan developed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Not later than January 1, 2015, the Commissioner of Education, the president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities, the chairperson of the Board of Trustees for The University of Connecticut and the Banking Commissioner shall report to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to banks on the status of the plan described in subsection (a) of this section.

(P.A. 14-217, S. 199; P.A. 15-63, S. 1; 15-138, S. 2; P.A. 16-15, S. 18.)

History: P.A. 14-217 effective July 1, 2014; P.A. 15-63 amended Subsec. (b) to make a technical change, effective June 19, 2015; P.A. 15-138 amended Subsec. (a) to expand list of topics for financial literacy instruction; P.A. 16-15 amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “president of the Board of Regents for Higher Education” with “president of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities”, effective July 1, 2016.

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Sec. 10-16qq. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction. (a) For the school year commencing July 1, 2016, and each school year thereafter, each local and regional board of education shall include cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction as part of the health and safety curriculum for the school district. Such instruction shall be based on guidelines for emergency cardiovascular care issued by the American Heart Association, and include, but need not be limited to, hands-on training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

(b) A local or regional board of education may accept gifts, grants and donations, including, but not limited to, in-kind donations, designated for the purchase of equipment or materials needed to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction under this section.

(P.A. 15-94, S. 2.)

History: P.A. 15-94 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-16rr. Preschool program accreditation. For the school year commencing July 1, 2017, and each school year thereafter, (1) the local or regional board of education or regional educational service center operating an interdistrict magnet school offering a preschool program, or (2) the governing council of a state or local charter school offering a preschool program shall obtain accreditation for such preschool program from the National Association for the Education of Young Children.

(P.A. 15-134, S. 2.)

History: P.A. 15-134 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-16ss. African-American and black studies and Puerto Rican and Latino studies instruction. (a) For the school year commencing July 1, 2021, and each school year thereafter, each local and regional board of education shall include African-American and black studies and Puerto Rican and Latino studies as part of the curriculum for the school district, pursuant to section 10-16b. In developing and implementing the African-American and black studies and Puerto Rican and Latino studies curriculum, the board may utilize the curriculum materials made available by the State Board of Education pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-16b or other existing and appropriate public or private materials, personnel and resources, provided such curriculum is in accordance with the state-wide subject matter content standards, adopted by the state board pursuant to section 10-4.

(b) A local or regional board of education may accept gifts, grants and donations, including in-kind donations, designated for the development and implementation of the African-American and black studies and Puerto Rican and Latino studies curriculum under this section, including professional development and in-service training.

(P.A. 19-12, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 406.)

History: P.A. 19-12 effective July 1, 2019; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (b) by adding “, including professional development and in-service training”, effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-16tt. Development of black and Latino studies course. Audit to ensure course being offered. Technical assistance. (a)(1) Not later than January 1, 2021, the State Board of Education shall review and approve the black and Latino studies course developed pursuant to subsection (b) of this section by the State Education Resource Center, established pursuant to section 10-357a. The state board shall approve such course if, following a review of such course, the state board determines that the content of such course is rigorous, aligned with curriculum guidelines approved by the state board, and in accordance with the state-wide subject matter content standards, adopted by the state board pursuant to section 10-4.

(2) Not later than January 15, 2021, the state board, in consultation with the State Education Resource Center, shall submit a description of the black and Latino studies course, which includes the scope and sequence and course objective, and a report on the development and review of such course to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(b) The State Education Resource Center shall develop a black and Latino studies course. Such course shall be one credit and offered at the high school level. In developing such course, the State Education Resource Center may utilize existing and appropriate public or private materials, personnel and other resources, including, but not limited to, persons and organizations with subject matter expertise in African-American, black, Puerto Rican or Latino studies, and the curriculum materials made available pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-16b.

(c) For the school years commencing July 1, 2022, to July 1, 2024, inclusive, the Department of Education shall conduct an annual audit to ensure that the black and Latino studies course approved pursuant to this section is being offered by each local and regional board of education. The department shall annually submit a report on such audit to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(d) For the school year commencing July 1, 2021, and each school year thereafter, the State Education and Resource Center shall provide technical assistance to local and regional boards of education in the provision of professional development, pursuant to section 10-148a, and in-service training, pursuant to section 10-220a, related to the teaching of the black and Latino studies course approved pursuant to this section.

(P.A. 19-12, S. 3; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 407.)

History: P.A. 19-12 effective June 21, 2019; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 added Subsec. (d) re State Education Resource Center to provide technical assistance to boards of education in provision of professional development and in-service training, effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-16uu. Black and Latino studies course to be offered in grades nine to twelve. (a) For the school year commencing July 1, 2021, a local or regional board of education may offer the black and Latino studies course, approved pursuant to section 10-16tt, in grades nine to twelve, inclusive.

(b) For the school year commencing July 1, 2022, and each school year thereafter, a local or regional board of education shall offer the black and Latino studies course, approved pursuant to section 10-16tt, in grades nine to twelve, inclusive.

(P.A. 19-12, S. 4; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 385.)

History: P.A. 19-12 effective July 1, 2019; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (b) by adding “and each school year thereafter,” and “, approved pursuant to section 10-16tt,”, effective June 23, 2021.

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Sec. 10-16vv. Native American studies instruction. (a) For the school year commencing July 1, 2023, and each school year thereafter, each local and regional board of education shall include Native American studies as part of the social studies curriculum for the school district, pursuant to section 10-16b. Such Native American studies curriculum shall include, but need not be limited to, a focus on the Northeastern Woodland Native American Tribes of Connecticut. In developing and implementing the Native American studies curriculum, the board may utilize the curriculum materials made available by the State Board of Education pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-16b, or other existing and appropriate public or private materials, personnel and resources, provided such curriculum is in accordance with the state-wide subject matter content standards, adopted by the state board pursuant to section 10-4.

(b) A local or regional board of education may accept gifts, grants and donations, including in-kind donations, designated for the development and implementation of the Native American studies curriculum under this section.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 377.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-16ww. Asian American and Pacific Islander studies instruction. (a) For the school year commencing July 1, 2025, and each school year thereafter, each local and regional board of education shall include Asian American and Pacific Islander studies as part of the social studies curriculum for the school district, pursuant to section 10-16b. Such Asian American and Pacific Islander studies shall include, but need not be limited to, a focus on (1) the history of Asian American and Pacific Islanders in the state, the region and the United States, and (2) the contributions of (A) Asian American and Pacific Islanders towards advancing civil rights from the nineteenth century to the present day, (B) individual Asian American and Pacific Islanders in government, the arts, humanities and sciences, and (C) Asian American and Pacific Islander communities to the economic, cultural, social and political development of the United States. In developing and implementing the Asian American and Pacific Islander studies curriculum, the board may utilize the curriculum materials made available by the State Board of Education pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-16b or other existing and appropriate public or private materials, personnel and resources, provided such curriculum is in accordance with the state-wide subject matter content standards, adopted by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-4.

(b) A local or regional board of education may accept gifts, grants and donations, including in-kind donations, designated for the development and implementation of the Asian American and Pacific Islander studies curriculum under this section.

(P.A. 22-80, S. 33.)

History: P.A. 22-80 effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-17. English language to be medium of instruction. Exception. The medium of instruction and administration in all public and private elementary schools shall be the English language, except that instruction as provided in sections 10-17a and 10-17f may be given in any language other than English to any pupil who, by reason of foreign birth, ancestry or otherwise, experiences difficulty in reading and understanding English.

(1949 Rev., S. 1351; 1971, P.A. 432, S. 1; P.A. 77-588, S. 4, 7.)

History: 1971 act deleted restriction limiting foreign language study to one hour a day, added provision allowing bilingual education and deleted penalty provision for violation of former section; P.A. 77-588 substituted reference to Sec. 10-17f for Sec. 10-17b.

Cited. 152 C. 151; 226 C. 704.

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Sec. 10-17a. Establishment of bilingual and bicultural program. Any local or regional board of education may establish at any level of instruction a bilingual and bicultural program of study involving a culture in which a language other than English is predominantly spoken, provided the purpose of such program shall be to enable children to become proficient in English. A private school may, with the approval of the State Board of Education, establish such a program of bilingual education.

(1971, P.A. 432, S. 2; P.A. 78-218, S. 14.)

History: P.A. 78-218 specified “local or regional” boards of education.

Cited. 226 C. 704; 238 C. 1.

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Secs. 10-17b and 10-17c. Instruction bilingually and biculturally; procedures, materials and equipment; purpose. Advice and assistance of state board; evaluation of programs. Sections 10-17b and 10-17c are repealed.

(1971, P.A. 432, S. 3, 4, 6; P.A. 73-317; P.A. 78-218, S. 15, 16; P.A. 82-314, S. 47, 63; P.A. 84-255, S. 20, 21.)

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Sec. 10-17d. Application for and receipt of federal funds. Subject to the regulations adopted by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-11, each local or regional board of education shall have the power to apply for and to receive federal funds made available directly to local communities for the programs provided in sections 10-17, 10-17a and 10-17f.

(1971, P.A. 432, S. 5; P.A. 77-588, S. 5, 7; P.A. 78-218, S. 17; P.A. 84-255, S. 5, 21.)

History: P.A. 77-588 substituted “10-17c” for “10-17d” and added reference to Sec. 10-17f; P.A. 78-218 substituted “local or regional board of education” for “board of education of a school district”; P.A. 84-255 deleted reference to Secs. 10-17b and 10-17c, repealed in the act.

Cited. 226 C. 704.

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Sec. 10-17e. Definitions. Whenever used in sections 10-17 and 10-17d to 10-17g, inclusive:

(1) “Eligible students” means students enrolled in public schools in grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, whose dominant language is other than English and whose proficiency in English is not sufficient to assure equal educational opportunity in the regular school program;

(2) “Program of bilingual education” means a program that: (A) Makes instructional use of both English and an eligible student's native language; (B) enables eligible students to achieve English proficiency and academic mastery of subject matter content and higher order skills, including critical thinking, so as to meet appropriate grade promotion and graduation requirements; (C) provides for the continuous increase in the use of English and corresponding decrease in the use of the native language for the purpose of instruction within each year and from year to year and provides for the use of English for more than half of the instructional time by the end of the first year; (D) may develop the native language skills of eligible students; and (E) may include the participation of English-proficient students if the program is designed to enable all enrolled students to become more proficient in English and a second language.

(3) “English as a second language program” means a program that uses only English as the instructional language for eligible students and enables such students to achieve English proficiency and academic mastery of subject matter content and higher order skills, including critical thinking, so as to meet appropriate grade promotion and graduation requirements.

(P.A. 77-588, S. 1, 7; P.A. 85-613, S. 91, 154; P.A. 99-211, S. 1, 10.)

History: P.A. 85-613 made technical change, substituting reference to Sec. 10-17g for reference to Sec. 10-17h; P.A. 99-211 deleted the existing definition of program of bilingual education and substituted a new definition and added the definition of English as a second language program, effective July 1, 1999.

Cited. 226 C. 704.

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Sec. 10-17f. Duties of boards of education regarding bilingual education programs. Development of state English mastery standard. Regulations. (a) Annually, the board of education for each local and regional school district shall ascertain, in accordance with regulations adopted by the State Board of Education, the eligible students in such school district and shall classify such students according to their dominant language.

(b) Whenever it is ascertained that there are in any public school within a local or regional school district twenty or more eligible students classified as dominant in any one language other than English, the board of education of such district shall provide a program of bilingual education for such eligible students for the school year next following. Eligible students shall be placed in such program in accordance with subsection (e) of this section.

(c) On or before July 1, 2000, the State Board of Education, within available appropriations, shall develop a state English mastery standard to assess the linguistic and academic progress of students in programs of bilingual education. On and after September 1, 2000, each local and regional board of education shall assess, annually, the progress made by each student toward meeting the state standard. If a student is not making sufficient progress toward meeting the state standard based on the assessment, the local or regional board of education shall provide language support services to the student in consultation with the parent or guardian of the student to allow the student to meet the state standard. Such services may include, but need not be limited to, summer school, after-school assistance and tutoring. If a student meets the state standard based on the assessment, the student shall leave the program. Each local and regional board of education shall document on a student's permanent record the date the student begins in a program of bilingual education and the date and results of the assessments required pursuant to this subsection.

(d) Each local and regional board of education shall limit the time an eligible student spends in a program of bilingual education to thirty months, whether or not such months are consecutive, except that such time period may be extended in accordance with this section and summer school and any two-way language programs established pursuant to subsection (i) of this section shall not be counted. An eligible student may spend up to an additional thirty months in a program of bilingual education if (1) the local or regional board of education responsible for educating such student requests an extension of such bilingual education for such student to the Department of Education, or (2) the Department of Education makes a determination that an extension of such bilingual education for such student is necessary. The department shall use the standards developed pursuant to section 10-17k in determining whether to grant a request by a local or regional board of education for an extension of such bilingual education for an eligible student or whether an extension of a bilingual education program for an eligible student is necessary. If an eligible student does not meet the English mastery standard at the end of the initial thirty months or at the end of an extension of the bilingual education program for such student, the local or regional board of education shall provide language transition and academic support services to such student. Such services may include, but need not be limited to, English as a second language programs, sheltered English programs, English immersion programs, or other research-based language development programs. Families may also receive guidance from school professionals to help their children make progress in their native language. If an eligible student enrolls in a secondary school when the student has fewer than thirty months remaining before graduation, the local or regional board of education shall assign the student to an English as a second language program and may provide intensive services to the student to enable the student to speak, write and comprehend English by the time the student graduates and to meet the course requirements for graduation.

(e) Each local and regional board of education shall hold a meeting with the parents and legal guardians of eligible students to explain the benefits of the language program options available in the school district, including an English language immersion program, and any native language accommodations that may be available for the mastery examination, administered pursuant to section 10-14n. The parents and legal guardians may bring an interpreter or an advisor to the meeting. If the parent or legal guardian of an eligible student opts to have such student placed in a program of bilingual education, the local or regional board of education shall place the child in such program.

(f) The board of education for each local and regional school district which is required to provide a program of bilingual education shall initially endeavor to implement the provisions of subsection (b) of this section through in-service training for existing certified professional employees, and thereafter, shall give preference in hiring to such certified professional employees as are required to maintain the program.

(g) The State Board of Education shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to establish requirements for: (1) Such programs, which may be modeled after policy established by the Department of Education for bilingual education programs; (2) local and regional boards of education to integrate bilingual and English as a second language program faculty in all staff, planning and curriculum development activities; and (3) all bilingual education teachers employed by a local or regional board of education, on and after July 1, 2001, to meet all certification requirements, including completion of a teacher preparation program approved by the State Board of Education, or to be certified through an alternate route to certification program.

(h) Each board of education for a local and regional school district which is required to provide for the first time a program of bilingual education shall prepare and submit to the Commissioner of Education for review a plan to implement such program, in accordance with regulations adopted by the State Board of Education.

(i) Each local and regional board of education that is required to provide a program of bilingual education pursuant to this section shall investigate the feasibility of establishing two-way language programs starting in kindergarten.

(P.A. 77-588, S. 2, 7; 77-614, S. 302, 587, 610; P.A. 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 98-168, S. 18, 26; P.A. 99-211, S. 2, 10; P.A. 00-220, S. 3, 43; P.A. 05-290, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 286.)

History: P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 98-168 added new Subsec. (c) re parental notification for program exemption and redesignated the remaining Subsecs., effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-211 replaced existing Subsec. (c) with new Subsec. (c) re development of state English mastery standard, student assessment based on the standard and provision of support services for students not meeting the standard, relettered the existing Subsec. (d) as Subsec. (f) and added new Subsec. (d) re thirty-month limitation on time spent in a bilingual education program and language transition support services for students not meeting English mastery standard, relettered the existing Subsec. (e) as Subsec. (g), added new Subsec. (e) re meeting to explain language program options, amended Subsec. (g) to add Subdivs. (2) re integration of program staff and (3) re certification requirements, relettered the existing Subsec. (f) as Subsec. (h), added Subsec. (i) re investigation of feasibility of establishing two-way language programs and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-220 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 05-290 amended Subsec. (d) by providing that language transition support services do not include a program of bilingual education, effective July 1, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (d) by adding provision re additional 30 months in program of bilingual education, adding Subdivs. (1) and (2) re conditions for when a student may spend an additional 30 months in bilingual education program, adding “and academic”, replacing “tutoring and homework assistance, provided such services may not include a program of bilingual education” with “or other research-based language development programs” and making conforming changes, and amended Subsec. (e) by adding provision re native language accommodations for mastery examination, effective July 1, 2015.

Cited. 226 C. 704.

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Sec. 10-17g. Grants for the provision of programs of bilingual education. Annual evaluation report. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, and each fiscal year thereafter, the board of education for each local and regional school district that is required to provide a program of bilingual education, pursuant to section 10-17f, may make application to the State Board of Education and shall annually receive, within available appropriations, a grant in an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying three million eight hundred thirty-two thousand two hundred sixty by the ratio which the number of eligible children in the school district bears to the total number of such eligible children state-wide. The board of education for each local and regional school district receiving funds pursuant to this section shall annually, on or before September first, submit to the State Board of Education a progress report which shall include (1) measures of increased educational opportunities for eligible students, including language support services and language transition support services provided to such students, (2) program evaluation and measures of the effectiveness of its bilingual education and English as a second language programs, including data on students in bilingual education programs and students educated exclusively in English as a second language programs, and (3) certification by the board of education submitting the report that any funds received pursuant to this section have been used for the purposes specified. The State Board of Education shall annually evaluate programs conducted pursuant to section 10-17f. For purposes of this section, measures of the effectiveness of bilingual education and English as a second language programs include, but need not be limited to, mastery examination results, under section 10-14n, and graduation and school dropout rates. Any amount appropriated under this section in excess of three million eight hundred thirty-two thousand two hundred sixty dollars shall be spent in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-17k, 10-17n and 10-66t. Any unexpended funds, as of November first, appropriated to the Department of Education for purposes of providing a grant to a local or regional board of education for the provision of a program of bilingual education, pursuant to section 10-17f, shall be distributed on a pro rata basis to each local and regional board of education receiving a grant under this section. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2009, to June 30, 2023, inclusive, the amount of grants payable to local or regional boards of education for the provision of a program of bilingual education under this section shall be reduced proportionately if the total of such grants in such year exceeds the amount appropriated for such grants for such year.

(P.A. 77-588, S. 3, 7; P.A. 84-255, S. 4, 21; P.A. 99-211, S. 8, 10; P.A. 00-220, S. 4, 43; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 5; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6, S. 43; P.A. 11-48, S. 177; P.A. 13-207, S. 14; 13-247, S. 159; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 287; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 170; P.A. 19-117, S. 265; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 366; P.A. 22-118, S. 260.)

History: P.A. 84-255 changed the date of the report to the state board from July to September first and required the state board to evaluate the programs annually rather than biennially; P.A. 99-211 in Subdiv. (1) added references to language support services and language transition support services, in Subdiv. (2) added measures of effectiveness of bilingual education and English as a second language programs, added language specifying some measures that are effectiveness measures for purposes of the section and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-220 made a technical change, effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 added language re proportional reduction of grants for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, effective July 1, 2007; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6 extended proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2011, effective October 5, 2009; P.A. 11-48 extended proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2013, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-207 replaced reference to “state-wide mastery examination” with reference to “mastery examination” and added reference to Sec. 10-14n, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 13-247 extended proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2015, effective July 1, 2013; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 replaced “Annually” with “For the fiscal years ending June 30, 2016, and June 30, 2017”, replaced “the total appropriation available for such purpose” with “one million nine hundred sixteen thousand one hundred thirty”, added “but need not be limited to” re measures of effectiveness, added provision re spending of funds appropriated in excess of $1,916,130, added provision re pro rata distribution of unexpended funds, extended proportional reduction of grants for provision of program of bilingual education through fiscal year ending June 30, 2017, and made conforming changes, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 replaced “and June 30, 2017” with “to June 30, 2019, inclusive”, added “, within available appropriations,”, and replaced “2017” with “2019”, effective October 31, 2017; P.A. 19-117 replaced “June 30, 2019” with “June 30, 2021” re program of bilingual education and extended proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, effective July 1, 2019; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 replaced “June 30, 2021” with “June 30, 2023” re program of bilingual education and extended proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 22-118 replaced “fiscal years ending June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2023, inclusive” with “fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, and each fiscal year thereafter” and $1,916,130 with $3,832,260, effective July 1, 2022.

Cited. 226 C. 704.

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Sec. 10-17h. Planning, development or operation of initially required bilingual program. Section 10-17h is repealed.

(P.A. 77-588, S. 6, 7; P. A. 79-631, S. 109, 111.)

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Sec. 10-17i. Encouragement of increased language instruction. Proficiency in language recognized on permanent record. (a) The Department of Education shall assist and encourage local and regional boards of education to institute two-way language programs and provide early second language instruction for English-speaking students.

(b) The department shall encourage local and regional boards of education to recognize students' proficiency in languages other than their native languages on their permanent records.

(P.A. 99-211, S. 3, 10.)

History: P.A. 99-211 effective July 1, 1999.

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Sec. 10-17j. Request to commissioner to use certified English as a second language teacher in place of bilingual education teacher in cases of teacher shortage. Teacher exchange programs. (a) If a local or regional board of education is not able to hire a sufficient number of certified bilingual education teachers for a school year, the board of education shall apply to the Commissioner of Education for permission to use a certified teacher of English as a second language to fill its need and the commissioner may grant such request for good cause shown.

(b) The Department of Education shall promote and encourage teacher exchange programs and provide information to local and regional boards of education on such programs in order to increase foreign language proficiency and cultural understanding.

(P.A. 99-211, S. 6, 10; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 288.)

History: P.A. 99-211 effective July 1, 1999; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “for a school year” and replacing “may” with “shall” re application to commissioner, effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-17k. Standards re extension of bilingual education program for eligible student. Not later than July 1, 2016, the Department of Education, in consultation with public institutions of higher education, persons with expertise in bilingual education programming and bilingual education teachers, shall develop standards for determining whether an extension of a bilingual education program is necessary for an eligible student, as described in section 10-17f, following thirty months in such bilingual education program, pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-17f.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 290.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-17l. Department to provide information re research-based practices to involve parents in language acquisition process and native language accommodations for mastery examination. Not later than July 1, 2016, the Department of Education shall provide information to local and regional boards of education about (1) research-based practices on how to involve parents and legal guardians of eligible students in the language acquisition process, and (2) native language accommodations for students on the state-wide mastery examination, administered pursuant to section 10-14n.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 291.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-17m. Report re academic progress of bilingual education students and quality of bilingual education programs. The Department of Education shall annually collect and disaggregate student data on the mastery examination, conducted pursuant to section 10-14n, for students in bilingual education programs for the purposes of monitoring (1) the academic progress of students in bilingual education programs, and (2) the quality of bilingual education programs offered by local and regional boards of education. Not later than July 1, 2016, and annually thereafter, the Department of Education shall submit a report on its findings regarding such student data to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 293.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-17n. English language learner pilot program. (a) For the school years commencing July 1, 2015, and July 1, 2016, the Department of Education, in consultation with public institutions of higher education and persons with expertise in language acquisition, shall administer an English language learner pilot program. The department shall select the following participants for inclusion in the pilot program: (1) The three school districts with the highest total number of English language learner students, and (2) the school district with the highest percentage of English language learner students to total student population. Participants in the pilot program shall develop language acquisition plans for English language learner students that (A) are research-based, (B) are developed in consultation with the department, public institutions of higher education or persons with expertise in language acquisition, and (C) take into consideration such things as the size of the school district or region, the characteristics of the English language learner student population, the geography and demography of the school district or region, the number of bilingual education teachers and the native languages of the student population. The regional educational service center that serves the region in which each participant is located shall provide administrative support to such participant in the implementation of the pilot program.

(b) The Department of Education shall contract with an independent evaluator from an institution of higher education or a professional evaluator with expertise in language acquisition to evaluate the English language learner pilot program. Not later than October 1, 2017, such evaluation shall be submitted to the Department of Education and the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 294.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-18. Courses in United States history, government and duties and responsibilities of citizenship. (a)(1) All high, preparatory, secondary and elementary schools, public or private, whose property is exempt from taxation, shall provide a program of United States history, including instruction in United States government at the local, state and national levels, and in the duties, responsibilities, and rights of United States citizenship. No student shall be graduated from any such school who has not been found to be familiar with said subjects.

(2) For purposes of subdivision (1) of this subsection, elementary schools shall include in their third, fourth or fifth grade curriculum a program on democracy in which students engage in a participatory manner in learning about all branches of government.

(b) The State Board of Education shall, upon request by a board of education, make samples of materials available for use in the schools required to teach the courses provided for in this section, with supplementary materials for such use.

(1949 Rev., S. 1352–1357; 1959, P.A. 411, S. 2, 3; 1971, P.A. 758; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 587, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 18; 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 82-83, S. 1, 3; P.A. 84-255, S. 19, 21; P.A. 07-138, S. 1; P.A. 08-153, S. 3.)

History: 1959 act changed references in Subsecs. (a) and (f) from state teachers colleges to state colleges; 1971 act deleted state colleges from requirement for citizenship course, deleted former detailed provisions in former Subsecs. (b), (c), (f) and part of (d), replacing them with general requirement for program of study of U.S. history and government and citizenship for “high, preparatory, secondary and elementary schools”; P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 substituted “Each local or regional board of education” for “The board of education of each school district”; P.A. 82-83 deleted Subsec. (c) which had required filing of course descriptions of United States history, government and citizenship with the commissioner of education; P.A. 84-255 added provision to clarify that instruction in United States government is to include instruction in local, state and national government; P.A. 07-138 amended Subsec. (a) to designate existing language as Subdiv. (1) and to add Subdiv. (2) re fourth or fifth grade curriculum program on democracy, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 08-153 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to add third grade democracy curriculum program, effective July 1, 2008.

Cited. 152 C. 151; 238 C. 1.

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Sec. 10-18a. Contents of textbooks and other general instructional materials. Except where a legitimate educational purpose will otherwise be served, each local or regional board of education shall, in selecting textbooks and other general instructional materials select those which accurately present the achievements and accomplishments of individuals and groups from all ethnic and racial backgrounds and of both sexes. Nothing herein shall preclude the use of instructional material and teaching which emphasizes the traditional family structure.

(1967, P.A. 571, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 241; P.A. 78-218, S. 19; P.A. 80-405, S. 2, 4.)

History: 1969 act required use of textbooks which present achievements of all ethnic and racial groups, a stronger statement than the previous requirement that boards of education “give due consideration to the use” of such books; P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” board of education; P.A. 80-405 allowed use of books which may be biased for or against ethnic groups only “where a legitimate educational purpose will otherwise be served”, added reference to other instructional materials and required presentation of achievements of both sexes but did not “preclude the use of instructional material and teaching which emphasizes the traditional family structure”.

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Sec. 10-18b. Development of guides for firearm safety programs. The State Board of Education, within available appropriations, shall develop guides to aid local and regional boards of education in developing firearm safety programs for students in grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, in the public schools. The State Board of Education may consult with the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association when developing such guides. The State Board of Education shall make such guides available to local and regional boards of education.

(P.A. 90-144, S. 4, 6; P.A. 19-5, S. 4.)

History: P.A. 19-5 made development of guides mandatory for students up to grade 12 and made technical and conforming changes, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-18c. Firearm safety programs. Exemption from participation. (a) Any local or regional board of education may offer firearm safety programs to students in grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, in the public schools under its jurisdiction.

(b) No student shall be required by any local or regional board of education to participate in a firearm safety program which may be offered within the public schools. A written notification to the local or regional board by the student's parent or legal guardian shall be sufficient to exempt the student from such program in its entirety or from any portion thereof so specified by the parent or legal guardian.

(c) If a student is exempted from a firearm safety program pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the local or regional board of education shall provide, during the period of time in which the student would otherwise be participating in such program, an opportunity for other study or academic work.

(P.A. 90-144, S. 5, 6; P.A. 19-5, S. 5.)

History: P.A. 19-5 amended Subsec. (a) to extend offering of program to students up to grade 12, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-18d. Animal dissection. Students to be excused from participation or observation. (a) A local or regional school district shall excuse any student from participating in, or observing, the dissection of any animal as part of classroom instruction, provided the parent or guardian of such student has requested, in writing, that such student be excused from such participation or observation.

(b) Any student excused from participating in, or observing, the dissection of any animal as part of classroom instruction shall be required to complete an alternate assignment to be determined by the local or regional school district.

(P.A. 13-273, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 13-273 effective July 1, 2013.

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Sec. 10-18e. Uniform standards and curriculum for career technical education programs. For the school year commencing July 1, 2018, and each school year thereafter, the Department of Education shall develop, and update as necessary, uniform standards and curriculum for all career technical education programs offered by local or regional boards of education. The department may adopt existing uniform standards and curriculum when developing such uniform standards and curriculum under this section. Such uniform standards and curriculum shall be aligned with any relevant professional certification requirements. The department shall make available, and provide technical assistance relating to the implementation of, such standards and curriculum to any local or regional board of education that offers a career technical education program.

(P.A. 17-237, S. 13; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 76.)

History: P.A. 17-237 effective July 1, 2017; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 added “any relevant” re professional certification requirements, effective October 31, 2017.

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Sec. 10-18f. Holocaust and genocide education and awareness curriculum. (a) For the school year commencing July 1, 2018, and each school year thereafter, each local and regional board of education shall include Holocaust and genocide education and awareness as part of the social studies curriculum for the school district, pursuant to section 10-16b. In developing and implementing the Holocaust and genocide education and awareness portion of the social studies curriculum, the board may utilize existing and appropriate public or private materials, personnel and other resources.

(b) A local or regional board of education may accept gifts, grants and donations, including in-kind donations, designated for the development and implementation of Holocaust and genocide education and awareness under this section.

(P.A. 18-24, S. 2.)

History: P.A. 18-24 effective July 1, 2018.

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Sec. 10-18g. Instuctional materials re Safe Haven Act. The Department of Children and Families shall provide instructional materials relating to the Safe Haven Act, sections 17a-57 to 17a-61, inclusive, to (1) a local or regional board of education, upon request of such board, and (2) the State Board of Education, not later than October 1, 2018, for the purpose of assisting the state board in meeting its responsibility of making available curriculum materials pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-16b.

(P.A. 18-182, S. 13.)

History: P.A. 18-182 effective July 1, 2018.

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Sec. 10-19. Teaching about alcohol, nicotine or tobacco, drugs and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Training of personnel. (a) The knowledge, skills and attitudes required to understand and avoid the effects of alcohol, of nicotine or tobacco and of drugs, as defined in subdivision (17) of section 21a-240, on health, character, citizenship and personality development shall be taught every academic year to pupils in all grades in the public schools; and, in teaching such subjects, textbooks and such other materials as are necessary shall be used. Annually, at such time and in such manner as the Commissioner of Education shall request, each local and regional board of education shall attest to the State Board of Education that all pupils enrolled in its schools have been taught such subjects pursuant to this subsection and in accordance with a planned, ongoing and systematic program of instruction. The content and scheduling of instruction shall be within the discretion of the local or regional board of education. Institutions of higher education approved by the State Board of Education to train teachers shall give instruction on the subjects prescribed in this section and concerning the best methods of teaching the same. The State Board of Education and the Board of Regents for Higher Education in consultation with the Commissioner of Mental Health and Addiction Services and the Commissioner of Public Health shall develop health education or other programs for elementary and secondary schools and for the training of teachers, administrators and guidance personnel with reference to understanding and avoiding the effects of nicotine or tobacco, alcohol and drugs.

(b) Commencing July 1, 1989, each local and regional board of education shall offer during the regular school day planned, ongoing and systematic instruction on acquired immune deficiency syndrome, as taught by legally qualified teachers. The content and scheduling of the instruction shall be within the discretion of the local or regional board of education. Not later than July 1, 1989, each local and regional board of education shall adopt a policy, as the board deems appropriate, concerning the exemption of pupils from such instruction upon written request of the parent or guardian. The State Board of Education shall make materials available to assist local and regional boards of education in developing instruction pursuant to this subsection.

(1949 Rev., S. 1358; 1959, P.A. 411, S. 4; February, 1965, P.A. 140, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 555, S. 61; 1969, P.A. 753, S. 33; 1971, P.A. 370, S. 2; P.A. 73-632, S. 2, 3, 5; P.A. 75-211, S. 1; P.A. 77-573, S. 24, 30; P.A. 78-218, S. 20; P.A. 82-218, S. 37, 46; P.A. 83-160, S. 1; P.A. 84-241, S. 2, 5; P.A. 85-579, S. 3, 5; P.A. 88-112, S. 1, 2; 88-136, S. 24, 37; P.A. 90-133, S. 1; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; 93-435, S. 59, 63; P.A. 95-182, S. 2, 11; 95-257, S. 11, 12, 21, 58; P.A. 11-48, S. 285.)

History: 1959 act changed reference to state teachers colleges to state colleges; 1965 act included teaching of effects of narcotics and alcohol on personality development and began teaching of effects in fifth rather than third grade; 1967 act substituted “controlled drugs” for “narcotics”; 1969 act included teaching of effects of nicotine or tobacco, specified that such teaching take place at least once every academic year and added provision for development of programs and training of teachers and guidance personnel; 1971 act deleted reference to teaching “at least once” each year, required teaching of all grades, not just fifth grade and above, included administrators in training provision and deleted sentence referring to classes in ungraded schools; P.A. 73-632 substituted “institutions of higher education” for “colleges”, included the drug advisory council in development of programs and added Subsec. (b) concerning drug and information and instruction programs in higher education institutions; P.A. 75-211 limited institutions of higher education in Subsec. (a) to those “approved ... to train teachers” and included the Connecticut state alcohol council in development of programs and included alcohol information and instruction programs in Subsec. (b); P.A. 77-573 substituted board of higher education for commission for higher education; P.A. 78-218 deleted Subsec. (b); P.A. 82-218 replaced board of higher education with board of governors pursuant to reorganization of higher education system, effective March 1, 1983; P.A. 83-160 replaced the drug advisory council and the Connecticut state alcohol council with the state alcohol and drug abuse commission; P.A. 84-241 added “of higher education” to board of governors' title; P.A. 85-579 added Subsec. (b) re a study of the alcohol and drug prevention programs provided by local and regional boards of education; P.A. 88-112 added new Subsec. re instruction on acquired immune deficiency syndrome; P.A. 88-136 deleted obsolete Subsec. (b) re report on the alcohol and drug prevention programs provided by local and regional boards of education; P.A. 90-133 in Subsec. (a) expanded what is to be taught concerning alcohol, nicotine or tobacco and drugs, provided that there be an annual attestation to the state board of education concerning the teaching of these subjects and provided that the programs developed by the state board of education, et al, are not limited to health education programs; P.A. 93-381 replaced state alcohol and drug abuse commission with department of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993 (Revisor's note: The word “commissioner” was substituted editorially by the Revisors for “department” to parallel existing language); P.A. 95-182 amended Subsec. (a) to allow boards of education to set the content and scheduling of instruction, effective June 28, 1995; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Mental Health with Commissioner and Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services and replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; pursuant to P.A. 11-48, “Board of Governors of Higher Education” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Board of Regents for Higher Education” in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2011.

See Sec. 10-16b re prescribed courses of study.

See Sec. 10-145a re certificates of qualification for teachers.

Cited. 152 C. 151; 238 C. 1.

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Sec. 10-19a. Superintendent to designate substance abuse prevention team. Training of team members. Section 10-19a is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

(P.A. 87-457, S. 1, 5; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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Sec. 10-19b. Advisory councils on drug abuse prevention. Advisory councils on drug abuse education and prevention established by municipalities pursuant to subsection (a) of Section 4126 of the Drug Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986 may serve as a resource for public schools in the field of substance abuse prevention and education and may assist in the development of out-of-school activity for students.

(P.A. 87-457, S. 2, 5.)

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Sec. 10-19c. Program for careers in information technology. Section 10-19c is repealed, effective July 1, 2011.

(P.A. 01-193, S. 3, 9; P.A. 11-48, S. 303.)

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Sec. 10-19d. High school mathematics and science challenge pilot program. The Department of Education shall establish, within available appropriations, a high school mathematics and science challenge pilot program, which uses performance results on the mathematics and science components of the mastery examination, given in accordance with the provisions of section 10-14n, for students in grade ten or eleven to design and implement mathematics and science curricula for students in the eleventh grade in the public high schools, including technical education and career schools. For purposes of the program, the Commissioner of Education may award grants to local and regional boards of education and technical education and career schools for demonstration projects. Local and regional boards of education and technical education and career schools seeking to participate in the pilot program shall apply to the department at such time and in such manner as the commissioner prescribes. The commissioner shall select a diverse group of participants based on the population, geographic location and economic characteristics of the school district or technical education and career school. Local and regional boards of education and technical education and career schools awarded grants under the program shall use grant funds for expenses for developing and implementing an instructional program in the mathematics and science subject areas targeting students who did not meet or exceed the level of proficiency in mathematics or science on such mastery examination, and conduct an evaluation of the program, including an analysis of student testing performance before and after participation in the program.

(P.A. 06-83, S. 17; P.A. 12-116, S. 87; P.A. 13-207, S. 4; P.A. 17-237, S. 43.)

History: P.A. 06-83 effective July 1, 2006; pursuant to P.A. 12-116, “regional vocational-technical schools” and “regional vocational-technical school” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “technical high schools” and “technical high school”, respectively, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-207 replaced “student performance results for mathematics and science on the state-wide tenth grade mastery examination given in accordance with the provisions of section 10-14n,” with “performance results on the mathematics and science components of the mastery examination, given in accordance with the provisions of section 10-14n, for students in grade ten or eleven” and made a conforming change, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 17-237 replaced references to technical high school with references to technical education and career school, effective July 1, 2017.

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Sec. 10-19e. “Future Scholars” pilot matching grant program. The Department of Education shall establish, within available appropriations, a “Future Scholars” pilot matching grant program for public schools participating in externally funded programs that provide supplemental mathematics and science programming and instruction to students in grades eight to ten, inclusive, who scored above the level of basic and below the level of proficiency on the mastery examinations given during the previous year in accordance with the provisions of section 10-14n. The Commissioner of Education, for purposes of the program, may award grants to local and regional boards of education and technical education and career schools for demonstration projects. Boards of education and technical education and career schools seeking to participate in the pilot program shall apply to the department at such time and in such form as the commissioner prescribes. The commissioner shall select participants based on the quality of proposed programs and evidence of commitment by businesses supporting the project. Local and regional boards of education and technical education and career schools awarded grants under the program shall use grant funds for development and implementation of an interdisciplinary mathematics, science and technology curriculum, including the establishment and staffing of mathematics and science laboratories, in middle and high schools that have demonstrated support and involvement by local or state-wide mathematics, science or technology intensive businesses in the state.

(P.A. 06-83, S. 19; P.A. 12-116, S. 87; P.A. 17-237, S. 44.)

History: P.A. 06-83 effective July 1, 2006; pursuant to P.A. 12-116, “regional vocational-technical schools” and “vocational-technical schools” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “technical high schools”, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 17-237 replaced references to technical high schools with references to technical education and career schools, effective July 1, 2017.

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Secs. 10-19f to 10-19l. Reserved for future use.

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Sec. 10-19m. (Formerly Sec. 17a-39). Youth service bureaus. Report. Regulations. (a) For the purposes of this section, “youth” means a person from birth to eighteen years of age. Any one or more municipalities or any one or more private youth-serving organizations, designated to act as agents of one or more municipalities, may establish a multipurpose youth service bureau for the purposes of evaluation, planning, coordination and implementation of services, including prevention and intervention programs for delinquent, predelinquent, pregnant, parenting and troubled youths referred to such bureau by schools, police, juvenile courts, adult courts, local youth-serving agencies, parents and self-referrals. A youth service bureau shall be the coordinating unit of community-based services to provide comprehensive delivery of prevention, intervention, treatment and follow-up services.

(b) A youth service bureau established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section may provide, but shall not be limited to the delivery of, the following services: (1) Individual and group counseling; (2) parent training and family therapy; (3) work placement and employment counseling; (4) alternative and special educational opportunities; (5) recreational and youth enrichment programs; (6) outreach programs to insure participation and planning by the entire community for the development of regional and community-based youth services; (7) preventive programs, including youth pregnancy, youth suicide, violence, alcohol and drug prevention; and (8) programs that develop positive youth involvement. Such services shall be designed to meet the needs of youths by the diversion of troubled youths from the justice system as well as by the provision of opportunities for all youths to function as responsible members of their communities.

(c) The Commissioner of Children and Families shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, establishing minimum standards for such youth service bureaus and the criteria for qualifying for state cost-sharing grants, including, but not limited to, allowable sources of funds covering the local share of the costs of operating such bureaus, acceptable in-kind contributions and application procedures. The commissioner shall, on December 1, 2011, and biennially thereafter, report to the General Assembly on the referral or diversion of children under the age of eighteen years from the juvenile justice system and the court system. Such report shall include, but not be limited to, the number of times any child is so diverted, the number of children diverted, the type of service provided to any such child, by whom such child was diverted, the ages of the children diverted and such other information and statistics as the General Assembly may request from time to time. Any such report shall contain no identifying information about any particular child.

(P.A. 76-127, S. 1–3, 5; P.A. 78-183, S. 1, 4; P.A. 89-191, S. 3; P.A. 91-146, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-91, S. 1, 2; 93-432, S. 1, 6; P.A. 95-339, S. 1, 8; P.A. 06-196, S. 62; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-4, S. 78; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-7, S. 78, 89; P.A. 11-136, S. 5, 6; P.A. 19-117, S. 252.)

History: P.A. 78-183 replaced youth service system with youth service bureau and expanded Subsec. (c), clarifying scope of regulations and adding provisions re annual report; P.A. 89-191 added Subsec. (b)(7) and (8) to include preventive programs, including youth suicide, alcohol and drug prevention and programs that develop positive youth involvement; Sec. 17-443 transferred to Sec. 17a-39 in 1991; P.A. 91-146 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that youth service bureaus may coordinate delivery of prevention, intervention, treatment and follow-up services for all youth and made technical change in Subsec. (b); P.A. 93-91 substituted commissioner and department of children and families for commissioner and department of children and youth services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 93-432 added pregnant and parenting youth to the list of individuals who may be referred to a youth service bureau, allowed the adult courts to refer individuals to the youth service bureau, and provided that a youth service bureau shall be the coordinating unit of community-based services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-339 amended Subsec. (c) to transfer responsibility for the program from the Commissioner of Children and Families to the Commissioner of Education, effective July 1, 1995; Sec. 17a-39 transferred to Sec. 10-19m in 1997; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a) and (b), effective June 7, 2006; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-4 amended Subsec. (c) to substitute “age of eighteen” for “age of sixteen” and delete provision re referral or diversion of children between ages of sixteen and eighteen, effective January 1, 2010; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-7 amended Subsec. (c) to substitute “age of seventeen” for “age of eighteen” and add provision re referral or diversion of children aged seventeen and eighteen, effective January 1, 2010, and further amended Subsec. (c) to substitute “age of eighteen” for “age of seventeen” and delete provision re referral or diversion of children aged seventeen and eighteen, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 11-136 amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “1979” with “2011” and replacing “annually” with “biennially”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 19-117 amended Subsec. (c) by replacing reference to Commissioner of Education with reference to Commissioner of Children and Families and making a technical change, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-19n. (Formerly Sec. 17a-40). State aid for establishment and expansion of youth service bureaus. To assist municipalities and private youth-serving organizations designated to act as agents for such municipalities in establishing, maintaining or expanding such youth service bureaus, the state, acting through the Commissioner of Children and Families, shall provide cost-sharing grants, subject to the provisions of this section for (1) the cost of an administrative core unit and (2) the cost of the direct services unit provided by such youth service bureau. No state grant shall be made for capital expenditures of such bureaus. All youth service bureaus shall submit a request for a grant, pursuant to this section and sections 10-19m and 10-19o, on or before May fifteenth of the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year for which such grant is requested.

(P.A. 78-183, S. 2, 4; P.A. 83-78; P.A. 93-91, S. 1, 2; 93-432, S. 2, 6; P.A. 95-339, S. 2, 8; P.A. 96-178, S. 9, 18; P.A. 19-117, S. 253.)

History: P.A. 83-78 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) to remove limitations (tying the amount of state grants to the number of children and youth in the municipality and requiring that any state administered federal funds allocated to the municipality for such units be included in determining the amount of the state grant) on state grants for an administrative core unit and for the direct services unit; Sec. 17-443a transferred to Sec. 17a-40 in 1991; P.A. 93-91 substituted commissioner and department of children and families for commissioner and department of children and youth services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 93-432 defined the functions of administrative core units, removed the reference to the availability of funds as related to the cost-sharing grants, established a time frame for new requests for grants and for already existing youth service bureaus and removed the mathematical formula for the distribution of grants in former Subsecs. (b) and (c), effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-339 transferred responsibility for the grants from the Commissioner of Children and Families to the Commissioner of Education, effective July 1, 1995 (Revisor's note: A reference to Sec. 54-91d, repealed by P.A. 95-225, was deleted editorially by the Revisors); P.A. 96-178 deleted a provision to give priority to certain applicants and deleted requirement for certain applicants for grants pursuant to Sec. 10-19o to submit applications on or before January thirty-first of the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year for which the grant is requested, effective July 1, 1996; Sec. 17a-40 transferred to Sec. 10-19n in 1997; P.A. 19-117 replaced reference to Commissioner of Education with reference to Commissioner of Children and Families, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-19o. (Formerly Sec. 17a-40a). Youth service bureau grant program. (a) The Commissioner of Children and Families shall establish a program to provide grants to youth service bureaus in accordance with this section. Only youth service bureaus which (1) were eligible to receive grants pursuant to this section for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2007, (2) applied for a grant by June 30, 2012, with prior approval of the town's contribution pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, (3) applied for a grant during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015, (4) applied for a grant during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2018, with prior approval of the town's contribution pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, (5) applied for a grant during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2019, (6) applied for a grant during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, or (7) applied for a grant during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2022, shall be eligible for a grant pursuant to this section. Each such youth service bureau shall receive, within available appropriations, a grant of fourteen thousand dollars. The Department of Children and Families may expend an amount not to exceed two per cent of the amount appropriated for purposes of this section for administrative expenses. If there are any remaining funds, each such youth service bureau that was awarded a grant in excess of fifteen thousand dollars in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1995, shall receive a percentage of such funds. The percentage shall be determined as follows: For each such grant in excess of fifteen thousand dollars, the difference between the amount of the grant awarded to the youth service bureau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1995, and fifteen thousand dollars shall be divided by the difference between the total amount of the grants awarded to all youth service bureaus that were awarded grants in excess of fifteen thousand dollars for said fiscal year and the product of fifteen thousand dollars and the number of such grants for said fiscal year.

(b) In order for a youth service bureau to receive the full amount of the state grant determined pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, a town shall contribute an amount equal to the amount of the state grant. A town shall provide not less than fifty per cent of its contribution from funds appropriated by the town for that purpose, and the remaining amount in other funds or in-kind contributions in accordance with regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Children and Families in accordance with chapter 54.

(c) Any funds remaining due to a town's failure to match funds as provided in subsection (b) of this section shall be redistributed in accordance with the provisions of this section. The Commissioner of Children and Families shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to coordinate the youth service bureau program and to administer the grant system established pursuant to this section and sections 10-19m and 10-19n.

(P.A. 93-432, S. 3, 6; P.A. 95-339, S. 3, 8; P.A. 96-178, S. 10, 18; 96-244, S. 58, 63; P.A. 98-186, S. 1, 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-1, S. 32, 51; P.A. 00-187, S. 22, 75; P.A. 01-173, S. 7, 67; P.A. 03-174, S. 11; P.A. 05-245, S. 37; P.A. 06-135, S. 18; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 35; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, S. 230; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 257; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 69; P.A. 18-182, S. 1; P.A. 19-117, S. 254; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 360; P.A. 22-118, S. 253.)

History: P.A. 93-432 effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-339 transferred responsibility for the program from the Department of Children and Families to the Department of Education, added the limitation on eligibility for grants, provided for the $12,000 grant, added the method for distribution of any remaining funds and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1995 (Revisor's note: A reference to Sec. 54-91d, repealed by P.A. 95-225, was deleted editorially by the Revisors); P.A. 96-178 amended Subsec. (a) to change the date concerning eligibility from “1995” to “1996”, to remove a reference to eligibility for grants to youth service bureaus which applied to the Commissioner of Children and Families by June 11, 1995 and to make technical changes and amended Subsec. (b) to substitute “State Board” for “Commissioner”, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-244 amended Subsec. (a) to expand the number of youth service bureaus eligible for grants to include youth service bureaus which applied for a grant by May 15, 1996, and repeated changes enacted by P.A. 96-178, effective June 6, 1996; Sec. 17a-40a transferred to Sec. 10-19o in 1997; P.A. 98-186 amended Subsec. (a) to substitute 1998 for 1996 in the eligibility dates for grants, effective July 1, 1998; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-1 amended Subsec. (a) to extend eligibility dates for grants by one year and increased grant amount from $12,000 to $14,000, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-187 amended Subsec. (a) to extend the time frames by one year from 1999 to 2000, effective June 1, 2000; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (a) to extend the time frames to 2001, and to change the date for eligibility based on an application from May 15 to June 30, effective July 6, 2001; P.A. 03-174 amended Subsec. (a) to extend time frames from 2001 to 2003, effective July 1, 2003; P.A. 05-245 amended Subsec. (a) by extending time frames from 2003 to 2005, effective June 30, 2005; P.A. 06-135 amended Subsec. (a) by extending time frames from 2005 to 2006, effective June 6, 2006; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 amended Subsec. (a) by extending time frames from 2006 to 2007, effective July 1, 2007; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “June 30, 2007” with “June 30, 2012” re grant application and replacing “July 1, 2007” with “July 1, 2012” re grant eligibility, effective June 15, 2012; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “or which applied for a grant during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015,”, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provisions re youth service bureaus eligible for grant as Subdivs. (1) to (3), adding Subdiv. (4) re youth service bureau that applied for grant during fiscal year ending June 30, 2017, deleting “for any fiscal year commencing on or after July 1, 2012”, adding “within available appropriations” re eligibility for grant, and making technical and conforming changes, effective October 31, 2017; P.A. 18-182 amended Subsec. (a)(4) by replacing “2017” with “2018”, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-117 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing references to Commissioner of Education and Department of Education with references to Commissioner of Children and Families and Department of Children and Families, respectively, and adding Subdiv. (5) re grant applied for during fiscal year ending June 30, 2019, amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) by replacing references to State Board of Education with references to Commissioner of Children and Families, and made a technical change, effective July 1, 2019; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subdiv. (6) re grant applied for during fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 22-118 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subdiv. (7) re grant applied for during fiscal year ending June 30, 2022, effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-19p. (Formerly Sec. 17a-41). Assistance to youth service bureaus. The Department of Children and Families shall provide grant management services, program monitoring, program evaluation and technical assistance to such state-aided youth service bureaus, and the Commissioner of Children and Families may assign or appoint necessary personnel to perform such duties, subject to the provisions of chapter 67.

(P.A. 78-183, S. 3, 4; P.A. 82-63; P.A. 93-91, S. 1, 2; P.A. 95-339, S. 4, 8; P.A. 19-117, S. 255.)

History: P.A. 82-63 deleted the requirement that assistance be given “from funds appropriated for grants under the provisions of this section and sections 17-443 and 17-443a”; Sec. 17-443b transferred to Sec. 17a-41 in 1991; P.A. 93-91 substituted commissioner and department of children and families for commissioner and department of children and youth services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-339 transferred responsibility for the program from the Department of Children and Families to the Department of Education, effective July 1, 1995; Sec. 17a-41 transferred to Sec. 10-19p in 1997; P.A. 19-117 replaced references to Department of Education and Commissioner of Education with references to Department of Children and Families and Commissioner of Children and Families, respectively, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-19q. Enhancement grant program for youth service bureaus. (a) The Department of Children and Families shall administer, within available appropriations, an enhancement grant program for youth service bureaus. The department shall annually award grants in the amounts of: (1) Three thousand three hundred dollars to youth service bureaus that serve a town with a population of not more than eight thousand or towns with a total combined population of not more than eight thousand; (2) five thousand dollars to youth service bureaus that serve a town with a population greater than eight thousand, but not more than seventeen thousand or towns with a total combined population greater than eight thousand, but not more than seventeen thousand; (3) six thousand two hundred fifty dollars to youth service bureaus that serve a town with population greater than seventeen thousand, but not more than thirty thousand or towns with a total combined population greater than seventeen thousand, but not more than thirty thousand; (4) seven thousand five hundred fifty dollars to youth service bureaus that serve a town with a population greater than thirty thousand, but not more than one hundred thousand or towns with a total combined population greater than thirty thousand, but not more than one hundred thousand; and (5) ten thousand dollars to youth service bureaus that serve a town with a population greater than one hundred thousand or towns with a total combined population greater than one hundred thousand.

(b) (1) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, if the amount appropriated for grants payable to youth service bureaus under this section exceeds the amount appropriated for such grants for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2022, the amount of such excess shall be distributed proportionately among the youth service bureaus.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024, and each fiscal year thereafter, the amount of grants payable to youth service bureaus shall be (A) reduced proportionately if the total of such grants in such year exceeds the amount appropriated for such grants for such year, or (B) increased proportionately if the total of such grants in such year is less than the amount appropriated for such grants in such year.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 36; P.A. 12-120, S. 3; P.A. 19-117, S. 256; P.A. 22-81, S. 45.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 12-120 added “within available appropriations” and added provision re proportional reduction of grants, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 19-117 designated existing provisions re administration and grant amounts of program as Subsec. (a) and amended same by replacing reference to Department of Education with reference to Department of Children and Families, and designated remaining existing provisions as Subsec. (b) and amended same by replacing “2013” with “2020”, designating existing provision re proportional reduction of grant as Subdiv. (1) and adding Subdiv. (2) re proportional increase of grant, effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 22-81 amended Subsec. (b) by adding Subdiv. (1) re excess appropriation to be distributed proportionately and designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (2) re proportional reduction of grants and amending same by replacing “June 30, 2020” with “June 30, 2024” and redesignating Subdivs. (1) and (2) as Subparas. (A) and (B), effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-19r. Department of Children and Families. Youth service bureau grant program and enhancement grant program. Successor department. The Department of Children and Families shall constitute a successor department, in accordance with the provisions of sections 4-38d, 4-38e and 4-39, to the Department of Education for purposes of administering the youth services bureau grant program and enhancement grant program pursuant to sections 10-19m to 10-19q.

(P.A. 19-117, S. 251.)

History: P.A. 19-117 effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-20. Comptroller may withhold school money. Section 10-20 is repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 1359; 1963, P.A. 361.)

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Sec. 10-20a. Connecticut career certificate programs. (a) Local and regional boards of education, the Technical Education and Career System, postsecondary institutions and regional educational service centers, may (1) in consultation with regional workforce development boards established pursuant to section 31-3k, local employers, labor organizations and community-based organizations establish career pathway programs leading to a Connecticut career certificate in accordance with this section, and (2) enroll students in such programs based on entry criteria determined by the establishing agency. Such programs shall be approved by the Commissioner of Education and the Labor Commissioner. Applications for program approval shall be submitted to the Commissioner of Education in such form and at such time as the commissioner prescribes. All programs leading to a Connecticut career certificate shall provide equal access for all students and necessary accommodations and support for students with disabilities.

(b) Programs established pursuant to this section may be offered for one or more years and shall include:

(1) Not less than eighty hours during any year of school-based instruction which focuses on the academic, technical and employability skills outlined in the skill standards established pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, workplace safety awareness and instruction in the history of the American economy and the role of labor, business and industry;

(2) Work-based instruction which includes worksite experience, including all major activities related to the career cluster. Such worksite experience shall: (A) Be paid, except as provided in subsection (c) of section 10-20b, (B) include a planned program of job training and work experiences, including training related to preemployment and employment skills to be mastered at progressively higher levels, that are coordinated with school-based instruction, (C) include instruction, to the extent practicable, in all aspects of the industry, (D) relate to the academic, technical and employability skills outlined in the skill standards established pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, (E) include, but not be limited to, on-the-job training, internships, community service and field trips, (F) be conducted in accordance with an individualized written training and mentoring plan, agreed to by the student, his parent or guardian, if the student is under eighteen years of age, the principal of the school or the chief executive officer of the agency operating the program in which the student is enrolled, or the designee of such principal or chief executive officer, and the employer, and (G) be in conformance with the requirements of section 10-20d; and

(3) Activities that ensure coordination between school-based instruction and work-based instruction, including, but not limited to, (A) career awareness and exploration opportunities, and (B) information and guidance concerning transition to postsecondary education.

(c) For purposes of this section, “career cluster” means a range of occupations which share a set of skills and knowledge organized under the federal career clusters endorsed by the Office of Vocational and Adult Education under the United States Department of Education. Such skills and knowledge include (1) academic and technical skills related to the type of employment, and (2) general employability skills. The Commissioner of Education, in consultation with other state, regional and local agencies, business and industry and labor organizations, shall maintain a list of federally recognized career clusters and skill standards for each such career cluster, along with the projected occupation growth area clusters within the state identified by labor market projections provided by the Labor Department.

(P.A. 94-116, S. 21, 28; P.A. 97-195, S. 1, 5; P.A. 07-20, S. 1; Oct. Sp. Sess. P.A. 11-1, S. 35; P.A. 12-116, S. 77; P.A. 17-237, S. 45.)

History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 97-195 amended Subsec. (a) to designate existing provisions as Subdiv. (1), provide for the establishment of programs by postsecondary institutions, add the consultation role for regional workforce development boards, change the review and comment provision prior to approval by the commissioners by substituting regional school-to-career partnership for regional workforce development board, provide that students be enrolled based on entry criteria determined by the establishing agency, and add Subdiv. (2) re the regional school-to-career partnerships; amended Subsec. (b) in Subdiv. (1) to substitute school-based instruction for subject matter instruction and to add instruction in the history of the American economy and the role of labor, business and industry, in Subdiv. (2) to delete a requirement for not less than 180 hours of worksite experience, to redesignate existing Subparas. (B) and (C) as Subparas. (F) and (G), to add new Subparas. (B) to (E), inclusive, to change the provision for approval of the training and mentoring plan to include the parent or guardian, if the student is under 18 years of age, and the chief executive officer of the agency operating the program, and in Subdiv. (3) to expand the requirement for coordination to include career awareness and exploration opportunities and information and guidance concerning transition to postsecondary education; deleted Subsec. (c) re entry criteria; redesignated Subsec. (d) as Subsec. (c) and changed the description of the items included in skills and knowledge and made technical changes, effective June 24, 1997; P.A. 07-20 amended Subsec. (a) to designate programs leading to certificate as career pathway programs, delete provision re review and comment by the partnership, delete former Subdiv. (2) re partnerships, delete former Subdiv. (1) designator and redesignate existing Subparas. (A) and (B) as Subdivs. (1) and (2), amended Subsec. (b)(1) to add reference to workplace safety awareness and amended Subsec. (c) to require career clusters to be organized under federal career clusters and the maintenance of lists re projected occupation growth area clusters, effective July 1, 2007; Oct. Sp. Sess. P.A. 11-1 amended Subsec. (b)(2)(A) by adding reference to Sec. 10-20b(c) re exception to paid worksite experience, effective October 27, 2011; P.A. 12-116 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “regional vocational-technical school system” with “technical high school system”, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 17-237 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “technical high school system” with “Technical Education and Career System”, effective July 1, 2017.

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Sec. 10-20b. Connecticut career certificate. Compliance with state and federal laws and regulations. Student and employer requirements. Compensation. (a) Except for the provisions of chapter 567, all state and federal laws and regulations relating to employment, apprenticeship and occupational licensing shall apply to students in a program leading to a Connecticut career certificate pursuant to section 10-20a. Employers found to be in violation of a federal or state labor law may be prohibited from participation in the program.

(b) Students participating in such programs shall not: (1) Replace any employee or cause any reduction in hours of work, wages or employment benefits of any employee of an employer participating in the program; or (2) be employed in a job from which an employee of a participating employer has been laid off and for which he retains recall rights. No employer shall terminate the employment of any of its employees or otherwise reduce its workforce or work hours in order to fill a vacancy so created with a student participating in the program. The participation of any employer who is a party to one or more collective bargaining agreements covering work to be performed by a student participating in the program shall be conditioned on the written concurrence of each labor organization that is a party to such an agreement.

(c) The employment of students in programs established pursuant to section 10-20a shall be in compliance with sections 31-23 and 31-58 and shall be paid employment, unless the Labor Commissioner, or the commissioner's designee, in consultation with the Commissioner of Education, or the commissioner's designee, receives and approves a written request from the principal of the school or the chief executive officer of the agency operating the program in which the student is enrolled, or the designee of such principal or chief executive officer, that such employment not be paid because such employment (1) includes worksite experiences that are generally not paid employment, such as community service activities or field trips, or (2) is an internship. The terms of compensation shall be (A) negotiated between the employer and such principal or chief executive officer, or the designee of such principal or chief executive officer, (B) accepted by the student, (C) based on the nature of the work and the status of the student-worker as a student, (D) reasonable for the actual work performed, and (E) in compliance with the provisions of title 31 concerning the employment of minors.

(P.A. 94-116, S. 22, 28; P.A. 97-195, S. 2, 5; P.A. 07-20, S. 2; Oct. Sp. Sess. P.A. 11-1, S. 36.)

History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 97-195 amended Subsec. (c) to add references to the chief executive officer of the agency operating the program and made technical changes, effective June 24, 1997; P.A. 07-20 amended Subsec. (c) to add provisions re compliance with Secs. 31-23 and 31-58 and title 31 and make technical changes, effective July 1, 2007; Oct. Sp. Sess. P.A. 11-1 amended Subsec. (c) by designating provision re unpaid employment as new Subdiv. (1) and amending same to add “field trips”, by adding new Subdiv. (2) re internships and by redesignating existing Subdivs. (1) to (5) as Subparas. (A) to (E), effective October 27, 2011.

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Sec. 10-20c. Issuance of Connecticut career certification. Credit for program. (a) The Commissioner of Education and the Labor Commissioner shall jointly issue a Connecticut career certificate to students who successfully complete a program established pursuant to section 10-20a and demonstrate satisfactory academic achievement in accordance with such standards as may be adopted by the Commissioner of Education.

(b) No more than one elective credit for purposes of section 10-221a shall be awarded for each such program of at least one hundred twenty hours of work-based instruction which is successfully completed at the secondary level. Credit for work experience at the postsecondary level shall be determined by the board of trustees or governing authority for the postsecondary institution in which the student is enrolled.

(P.A. 94-116, S. 23, 28; P.A. 97-195, S. 3, 5.)

History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 97-195 amended Subsec. (b) to change the requirements for credits and to add provision allowing the board of trustees or governing authority to determine credit at the postsecondary level, effective June 24, 1997.

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Sec. 10-20d. Grants for support of Connecticut career certificate programs. (a) The Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Labor Commissioner and the Commissioners of Economic and Community Development and Higher Education, shall, within the limits of available appropriations, provide grants to postsecondary institutions, regional workforce development boards, regional educational service centers and other appropriate agencies and organizations to support the development of educators administering programs leading to a Connecticut career certificate pursuant to section 10-20a.

(b) If the Commissioner of Education finds that some or all of the amount of any grant awarded pursuant to this section is used for purposes which are not in conformity with sections 10-20a to 10-20d, inclusive, or is used to reduce the local share of support for schools or to supplant a previous source of funding, the commissioner may require repayment of such grant to the state.

(c) Each grant recipient shall submit to the Commissioner of Education, at such time and in such manner as the commissioner prescribes, a biennial program evaluation report.

(P.A. 94-116, S. 24, 28; P.A. 95-250, S. 1; P.A. 97-195, S. 4, 5; P.A. 07-20, S. 3.)

History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-250 replaced Commissioner and Department of Economic Development with Commissioner and Department of Economic and Community Development (Revisor's note: A reference to “Commissioners of Labor, Economic and Community Development and Higher Education” was replaced editorially by the Revisors with “Labor Commissioner and the Commissioners of Economic and Community Development and Higher Education” for consistency with customary statutory usage); P.A. 97-195 amended Subsec. (a) to expand the list of possible grantees to include postsecondary institutions, regional workforce development boards and other appropriate agencies and organizations and amended Subsec. (b) to provide for review and comment by school-to-career partnerships rather than workforce development boards, effective June 24, 1997; P.A. 07-20 amended Subsec. (a) to delete language re provision of grants to local and regional boards of education and the vocational-technical school system and reference to implementation of programs, deleted former Subsec. (b) re priority in awarding of grants and redesignated existing Subsecs. (c) and (d) as Subsecs. (b) and (c), effective July 1, 2007.

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Sec. 10-20e. Awarding of grants. Each state agency which provides a grant to create jobs or provide job training shall, to the maximum extent feasible, give priority in awarding such grants to employers which establish programs leading to a Connecticut career certificate pursuant to section 10-20a.

(P.A. 94-116, S. 25, 28.)

History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994.

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Sec. 10-20f. Retention of appropriated funds, when. The Department of Education may retain up to one per cent of the amount appropriated for programs established pursuant to section 10-20a for purposes of administration and coordination, technical assistance, information dissemination and program evaluation.

(P.A. 94-116, S. 26, 28; P.A. 03-76, S. 4.)

History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 03-76 made a technical change, effective June 3, 2003.

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Sec. 10-21. Vocational guidance. Section 10-21 is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

(1949 Rev., S. 1360; P.A. 78-218, S. 22; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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Sec. 10-21a. Accredited courses offered by employers. Any employer may, with the cooperation and approval of the board of education of the local or regional school district in which such employer's business is located, offer accredited high school courses or, with the cooperation and approval of the State Board of Education, offer vocational training courses, such courses to be offered on the business premises for the benefit of any employee (1) who does not have and who wishes to obtain a high school diploma or (2) who wishes to improve his or her employment status, provided that no such course or any portion thereof shall be at the expense of the State Board of Education or any local or regional board of education.

(P.A. 75-412; P.A. 78-218, S. 23.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” school district.

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Sec. 10-21b. Programs offered jointly by boards of education and business firms; neighborhood assistance. Local and regional boards of education are authorized to enter into agreements with business firms, as defined in section 12-631, to develop for implementation, programs to be conducted jointly by such local or regional boards of education and business firms which provide training and experience in the business activities of such business firms which, in the opinion of such local or regional board of education, would be of substantial educational benefit to the participating students. Such agreements shall be limited in duration to one school year, provided this provision shall not be construed to prohibit any such local or regional board or any such business firm from entering into subsequent one-year agreements. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit one or more local or regional boards of education or one or more business firms from entering into any such valid agreement jointly. The State Board of Education shall collect information on exemplary programs and provide local and regional boards of education with such information on or before January 15, 1985, in order to encourage development and implementation of such programs. Not later than July 1, 1984, the Department of Education shall notify local and regional boards of education and municipalities of the program established pursuant to this section and the requirements for eligibility under chapter 228a.

(P.A. 84-448, S. 1, 5.)

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Sec. 10-21c. Donation of teaching services by private sector specialists; neighborhood assistance. (a) Any local or regional board of education that has a demonstrated shortage of certified teachers in those fields designated by the State Board of Education or that elects to expand the academic offerings to students in the areas identified by the Chief Workforce Officer pursuant to the provisions of section 4-124w may solicit and accept qualified private sector specialists, not necessarily certified to teach, whose services to teach in shortage areas have been donated by business firms, as defined in section 12-631. Private sector specialists who donate their services may be permitted to offer instruction in existing or specially designed curricula, provided no private sector specialist shall be permitted to work more than one-half of the maximum classroom hours of a full-time certified teacher, and provided further no private sector specialist teaching in an area identified by the Chief Workforce Officer pursuant to section 4-124w shall have sole responsibility for a classroom. No certified teacher may be terminated, transferred or reassigned due to the utilization of any private sector specialist. Local or regional boards of education shall annually review the need for private sector specialists and shall not renew or place a private sector specialist if certified teachers are available.

(b) No employer-employee relationship shall be deemed to exist between any local or regional board of education and a private sector specialist whose services are donated pursuant to this section. No local or regional board of education shall expend any funds for compensation or benefits in lieu of compensation when accepting the donation of services from a private sector specialist.

(c) The provisions of section 10-235 shall apply to any private sector specialist who donates services pursuant to the provisions of this section.

(P.A. 84-448, S. 2, 5; P.A. 03-66, S. 1; P.A. 13-247, S. 183; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 232.)

History: P.A. 03-66 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change, to add provision allowing local and regional boards of education to expand academic offerings in identified workforce shortage areas by permitting boards to hire qualified private sector specialists to teach in such shortage areas, and to eliminate provision re notice by Department of Education, effective July 1, 2003; P.A. 13-247 amended Subsec. (a) to delete reference to Sec. 10a-163, effective July 1, 2013; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 replaced “Labor Commissioner and the Office of Workforce Competitiveness” with “Chief Workforce Officer”, effective July 1, 2021.

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Secs. 10-21d and 10-21e. School-Business Forum; membership; procedures. School-Business Forum; responsibilities; termination. Sections 10-21d and 10-21e are repealed, effective July 1, 1998.

(P.A. 90-201, S. 1, 2, 7 (c), 11; 90-252, S. 9, 10; P.A. 91-256, S. 43, 69; P.A. 92-126, S. 16, 48; P.A. 93-353, S. 2, 3, 52; P.A. 98-252, S. 79, 80; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 105, 121.)

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Sec. 10-21f. Career ladder programs. Section 10-21f is repealed, effective July 1, 2011.

(P.A. 01-170, S. 2; P.A. 11-48, S. 303.)

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Sec. 10-21g. “Generation Next” pilot program. The Department of Education shall establish, within available appropriations, a “Generation Next” pilot program to provide industry-based job shadowing and internship experiences to high school students and externship experiences to teachers in the public schools, including the technical education and career schools. The Commissioner of Education, for purposes of the program, may award grants to local and regional boards of education, technical education and career schools or state-wide or local business associations, in partnership with such boards of education or schools, for demonstration projects. Boards of education, technical education and career schools or business associations seeking to participate in the pilot program shall apply to the department at such time and in such form as the commissioner prescribes. The commissioner shall select a diverse group of participants based on the population, geographic location and economic characteristics of the school district or school. Local and regional boards of education, technical education and career schools or business associations awarded grants under the program shall use grant funds for developing and implementing a coordinated high school level teacher externship and student job shadowing and internship program with science or mathematics or with technology intensive businesses in the state.

(P.A. 06-83, S. 18; P.A. 12-116, S. 87; P.A. 17-237, S. 46.)

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Sec. 10-21h. Preliteracy course for bachelor's degree program with concentration in early childhood education. Not later than July 1, 2013, the Department of Education, in consultation with the Board of Regents for Higher Education, shall design and approve a preliteracy course to be included in a bachelor's degree program with a concentration in early childhood education, as described in subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of section 10-16p, from an institution of higher education accredited by the Board of Governors of Higher Education. Such course shall be practice-based and specific to the developmentally appropriate instruction of preliteracy and language skills for teachers of early childhood education.

(P.A. 12-116, S. 95.)

History: P.A. 12-116 effective July 1, 2012.

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Sec. 10-21i. Red Ribbon PASS Program. The Department of Education shall establish a Red Ribbon PASS Program. The department shall develop or adopt existing standards to be used for the purpose of recognizing those local and regional school districts that qualify as a highly performing, physically active school system, or as an improving physically active school system. A local or regional board of education may submit, at such time and in such manner as the department prescribes, a request for such recognition by providing (1) the school district's results on the Connecticut physical fitness assessment, and (2) a demonstration of how the school district has satisfied the standards developed or adopted by the department. The department shall make information about the Red Ribbon PASS Program available on the department's Internet web site. The department may accept private donations for the purposes of this section.

(P.A. 16-132, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 16-132 effective July 1, 2016.

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Sec. 10-21j. Connecticut Apprenticeship and Education Committee. (a) The Commissioner of Education, in collaboration with the Board of Regents for Higher Education, shall establish the Connecticut Apprenticeship and Education Committee to coordinate and identify (1) potential preapprenticeship and apprenticeship training program integration, and (2) leveraged funding identification of career technical education programs within high schools and programs within higher education institutions for careers in various industries. Such committee shall include, but not be limited to, (A) representatives from the Department of Economic and Community Development, the Labor Department, the Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology, the Connecticut Manufacturers Collaborative, the Technical Education and Career System, the advanced manufacturing centers at the regional community-technical colleges, independent institutions of higher education in the state that offer training in the field of manufacturing, the Office of Workforce Strategy, companies and employee organizations that represent manufacturing workers, and (B) teachers, guidance counselors, school counselors, principals and superintendents.

(b) The committee established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section may, in such committee's discretion, report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a, to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to commerce, higher education and workforce development and labor and public employees an analysis of whether current apprenticeship training programs available to Connecticut residents are meeting workforce needs. The committee shall consult with members of the manufacturing industry when producing such report. In addition to consulting with manufacturing industries, the committee shall consult with members of insurance, health care, financial technology, biotechnology, STEM, construction trades and hospitality industries and any other appropriate industry to coordinate and identify potential modern preapprenticeship and apprenticeship training programs and shall review and consider European apprenticeship training programs when producing such report.

(c) The Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the committee established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, shall introduce middle school and high school students, their parents or guardians, guidance counselors and school counselors to careers in the industries described in subsection (b) of this section. The commissioner may enter into partnerships with one or more private sector entities to further the goals of this subsection.

(d) The Department of Education, in consultation with representatives from the industries described in subsection (b) of this section, shall develop a best practices guide to help local and regional boards of education to incorporate relationships with the industries described in subsection (b) of this section in their middle school and high school curricula.

(P.A. 16-114, S. 1; P.A. 17-237, S. 47; P.A. 18-15, S. 1, 2; P.A. 19-68, S. 1; June Sp.Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 208.)

History: P.A. 16-114 effective June 3, 2016; P.A. 17-237 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “technical high school system” with “Technical Education and Career System”, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 18-15 amended Subsecs. (a)(2) and (d) by adding reference to school counselors, and making technical changes, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-68 substantially amended Subsec. (a) including by replacing “a committee” with “the Connecticut Apprenticeship and Education Committee”, replacing provision re coordination of education of middle school and high school students about careers in manufacturing with provisions re coordination and identification of potential preapprenticeship and apprenticeship training program integration and leveraged funding identification of certain programs, adding reference to Connecticut Manufacturers Collaborative and adding reference to principals and superintendents, redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (b) and amended same by replacing “February 1, 2017” with “July 1, 2020”, adding provision requiring report to labor and public employees committee, replacing “students” with “residents”, and adding provision re committee consulting with members of certain industries and review of European apprenticeship training programs, redesignating existing Subsec. (d) as Subsec. (c) and amending same by deleting “develop and administer a program to”, deleting provisions re promotional items program may include and visits may be included in partnerships, redesignated existing Subsec. (e) as Subsec. (d) and amended same by replacing provisions re representatives from manufacturing industry and Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology with reference to industries described in Subsec. (b), and made technical and conforming changes, effective June 26, 2019; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (a) by changing “Connecticut Employment and Training Commission” to “Office of Workforce Strategy” and amended Subsec. (b) by deleting “On or before July 1, 2020, and annually thereafter, the” and making a conforming change and by changing “shall” to “may, in such committee's discretion,”, effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-21k. Pipeline for Connecticut's Future program. The Department of Education, in collaboration with the Labor Department, shall administer the Pipeline for Connecticut's Future program. Under the program, the department shall (1) assist local and regional boards of education in enhancing existing partnerships or establishing new partnerships with providers of child care services, early childhood education programs or mental health services, as well as any additional fields such as manufacturing, computer programming or the culinary arts, and one or more local businesses, to offer a pathways program (A) that assists students in (i) obtaining occupational licenses, (ii) participating in apprenticeship opportunities, and (iii) gaining immediate job skills, (B) that provides (i) industry-specific class time and cooperative work placements, (ii) on-site and apprenticeship training, and (iii) course credit and occupational licenses to students upon completion, and (C) that may lead to a diploma, credential, certificate or license upon graduation in early child care, education or mental health services, and any additional fields, such as manufacturing, computer programming or the culinary arts, and (2) provide incentives to local and regional boards of education for establishing such partnerships.

(P.A. 17-173, S. 11; P.A. 22-81, S. 5.)

History: P.A. 17-173 effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 22-81 replaced provision re board of education may establish a program with provision re Department of Education, in consultation with the Labor Department, shall administer the program and added Subdivs. (1) and (2) re responsibilities of department under the program, effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-21l. Computer science education account. There is established an account to be known as the “computer science education account”, which shall be a separate, nonlapsing account within the General Fund. The account shall contain any moneys required or permitted by law to be deposited in the account and any funds received from any public or private contributions, gifts, grants, donations, bequests or devises to the account. The Department of Education may make expenditures from the account to support curriculum development, teacher professional development, capacity development for school districts, and other programs for the purposes of supporting computer science education.

(P.A. 19-128, S. 10.)

History: P.A. 19-128 effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 10-21m. Best practices for establishing pathways programs under Pipeline for Connecticut's Future program. Not later than July 1, 2023, the Department of Education shall develop best practices that may be used by local and regional boards of education when establishing a pathways program with local businesses under the Pipeline for Connecticut's Future program, pursuant to section 10-21k. In developing such best practices, the department shall collaborate with stakeholders and boards of education that have implemented a successful pathways program. The department shall make such best practice available upon request of a local or regional board of education.

(P.A. 22-125, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 22-125 effective July 1, 2022.

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Secs. 10-22 and 10-23. Instruction in music. Instruction on highway safety. Sections 10-22 and 10-23 are repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 1361, 1362; 1963, P.A. 301; P.A. 78-218, S. 24; P.A. 79-128, S. 35, 36.)

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Sec. 10-24. Transferred to Chapter 246, Part III, Sec. 14-36e.

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Sec. 10-24a. (Formerly Sec. 14-157). State grants for motor vehicle operation and highway safety course. Section 10-24a is repealed.

(1957, P.A. 599, S. 2; 1959, P.A. 379, S. 2; 672, S. 2; February, 1965, P.A. 361, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 765, S. 2; P.A. 75-479, S. 24, 25; 75-567, S. 76, 80.)

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Sec. 10-24b. Fee when course offered outside regular school hours. Any board of education under whose authority a course of study of motor vehicle operation is offered may, if such course is offered at hours other than those in the regular school day, charge as a fee for such course an amount not to exceed the per pupil cost of maintaining said course.

(1959, P.A. 672, S. 3; P.A. 75-479, S. 22, 25.)

History: P.A. 75-479 allowed charge for course which does not exceed per pupil cost rather than “the difference between the per pupil grant received under the provisions of Sec. 10-24a” (now repealed) and the per pupil cost.

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Sec. 10-24c. Grants for motor vehicle operation and highway safety courses in private secondary schools. Section 10-24c is repealed.

(1967, P.A. 668; 1971, P.A. 47; 456, S. 3; P.A. 75-479, S. 24, 25; 75-567, S. 76, 80.)

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Sec. 10-24d. Transferred to Chapter 246, Part III, Sec. 14-36f.

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Sec. 10-24e. Regulations concerning content of safe driving course. Section 10-24e is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

(P.A. 89-242, S. 2, 7; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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Sec. 10-25. Secondary education for veterans. Section 10-25 is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

(1949 Rev., S. 1364; 1957, P.A. 163, S. 18; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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Sec. 10-25a. Strategic master plan for public education in the state. Planning Commission for Education established. Duties. Goals. Benchmarks. Report. (a) There is established a Planning Commission for Education to develop and recommend the implementation of a strategic master plan for public education in Connecticut.

(1) The commission shall consist of the following voting members: (A) Five members appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives, one of whom shall be a current or former superintendent of schools for a rural school district, one of whom shall be a certified teacher who is currently employed as a teacher in a public school or has retired from teaching in a public school not less than one year prior to appointment, one of whom shall be a person with knowledge and experience with students with special education needs, one of whom shall be a person with knowledge and experience in systems building and one of whom shall be a representative of an organization representing boards of education; (B) five members appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate, one of whom shall be a current or former superintendent of schools for an urban school district in which a charter school and interdistrict magnet school are located, one of whom shall be a certified teacher who is currently employed as a teacher in a public school or has retired from teaching in a public school not less than one year prior to appointment, one of whom shall be a person with knowledge and experience regarding early childhood education, one of whom shall be a person with knowledge and experience in civil rights relating to equity, access and the quality of education and one of whom shall be a person with knowledge and experience regarding adult education; (C) two members appointed by the majority leader of the House of Representatives, one of whom shall be a current or former superintendent of schools for a regional school district and one of whom shall be a student who is enrolled in a public high school in the state; (D) two members appointed by the majority leader of the Senate, one of whom shall be a current or former superintendent of schools for a suburban school district and one of whom shall be a parent or guardian of a student who is enrolled in a public school in the state; (E) two members appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives, one of whom shall be a representative of a state-wide business organization and one of whom shall be a scholar who has experience and expertise in the field of education from prekindergarten to grade twelve, inclusive; (F) two members appointed by the minority leader of the Senate, one of whom shall be an entrepreneur and one of whom shall be a scholar who has experience and expertise in the field of higher education; (G) nine members appointed by the Governor, one of whom shall be a certified teacher who is currently employed as a teacher in a public school or has retired from teaching in a public school not less than one year prior to appointment, one of whom shall be a parent or guardian of a student who is enrolled in a public school in the state, one of whom shall be a person with knowledge and experience in civil rights relating to equity, access and the quality of education and one of whom shall be a person with knowledge and experience in academically advanced curriculum development; (H) the Commissioner of Education; and (I) the Commissioner of Early Childhood. The commission membership shall reflect the state's geographic, racial and ethnic diversity.

(2) The commission shall elect cochairpersons of the commission at its first meeting. Any vacancies shall be filled by the appointing authority. The commission members shall serve without compensation except for necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties. The commission may seek the advice and participation of any person, organization or state or federal agency it deems necessary to carry out the provisions of this section. The commission may, within available appropriations, retain consultants to assist in carrying out its duties. The commission may receive funds from any public or private sources to carry out its activities.

(b) The commission shall articulate a clear vision and mission for developing a sustainable, equitable and high-quality public education system that coordinates the components of education reform, clarifies how such components of education reform work together and provides every child with access to an educational experience that meets such child's needs. The commission shall develop and recommend the implementation of a strategic master plan to carry out such vision and mission.

(1) In developing the strategic master plan, the commission shall address the following issues: (A) How to better organize the state public education system to streamline various and disparate mandates, initiatives and reforms that may compete with the articulated vision and mission; (B) the manner in which the public education system utilizes data and supports to inform and improve the provision of education in the state; (C) the extent to which the accountability system assesses the most worthy outcomes of public education; and (D) the identification and analysis of the most significant factors that effect and support the most worthy outcomes of public education for all students, including, but not limited to, poverty, socioeconomic and racial isolation, language barriers and parental engagement in a student's education.

(2) In addressing the issues described in subdivision (1) of this subsection, the commission shall consider: (A) What are the most worthy outcomes of public education and what means can be taken to achieve such outcomes; (B) the extent to which the public education system prepares students to meet the challenges of work, citizenship and life upon graduation; (C) strategies to develop state-wide education leadership goals and to enhance education leadership in conformance with such goals; (D) ways to ensure effective communication and partnership between school districts and the families of children who attend public school in such school district, with particular focus on diversity; (E) ways to share best practices within the public education system, including, but not limited to, learning across methodologies, models and structures of educational excellence; (F) what innovations are necessary to excel in both competitiveness and character; (G) the extent to which the public education system empowers students and educators to excel, innovate and build on strengths; and (H) best practices that ensure high quality instruction and promote continuous systemic improvement.

(3) The commission shall also examine and recommend changes to funding policies, practices and accountability in order to (A) align such funding policies, practices and accountability with the strategic master plan, (B) ensure that all school districts receive equitable funding from the state, and (C) determine and recommend measures to promote the adoption of ways in which resources can be most effectively utilized.

(c) (1) Not later than April 15, 2016, the commission shall submit a preliminary report on the development of the strategic master plan together with any recommendations for appropriate legislation and funding to the Governor and the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and appropriations, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(2) Not later than February 15, 2017, the commission shall submit the strategic master plan, including specific goals and benchmarks for implementation, together with any recommendations for appropriate legislation and funding to the Governor and the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and appropriations, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a. The commission shall terminate on the date that it submits the strategic master plan or February 15, 2017, whichever is later.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 263.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-25b. Model curriculum for grades kindergarten to eight. (a) Not later than January 1, 2024, the Department of Education, in collaboration with the State Education Resource Center, shall develop a model curriculum for grades kindergarten to grade eight, inclusive, that may be used by local and regional boards of education.

(b) The content of the model curriculum shall (1) be rigorous, age-appropriate, aligned with curriculum guidelines approved by the State Board of Education and in accordance with the state-wide subject matter content standards, adopted by the state board pursuant to section 10-4, (2) be in accordance with the program of instruction and subject matter requirements prescribed in section 10-16b, and (3) include and integrate throughout such model curriculum at least the following: (A) The subject matter prescribed in section 10-16b, (B) Native American studies, (C) Asian American and Pacific Islander studies, (D) lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other sexual orientations and gender identities studies, (E) climate change, (F) personal financial management and financial literacy, (G) the military service and experience of American veterans, (H) civics and citizenship, including instruction in digital citizenship and media literacy that provides students with the knowledge and skills necessary to safely, ethically, responsibly and effectively use digital technologies to create and consume digital content, communicate with others and participate in social and civic activities, (I) the principles of social-emotional learning, and (J) racism.

(c) In developing the model curriculum, the Department of Education and State Education Resource Center (1) shall consult with persons and organizations with subject matter expertise in developing the model curriculum, and (2) may utilize existing and appropriate public or private materials, personnel and other resources, and accept gifts, grants and donations, including in-kind donations, designated for the development of the model curriculum under this section.

(d) The Department of Education shall make the model curriculum available to local and regional boards of education and on the department's Internet web site.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 374; P.A. 22-38, S. 4.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 22-38 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “January 1, 2023” with “January 1, 2024”, effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-26. Education grant to child of deceased or disabled veteran or missing in action member of armed forces. Section 10-26 is repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 1365; 1955, S. 883d; 1957, P.A. 163, S. 19; 1959, P.A. 411, S. 5; February, 1965, P.A. 157, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 168, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 378, S. 1; 1972, S.A. 53, S. 10; P.A. 73-509, S. 1, 2; P.A. 77-530, S. 10, 11; 77-573, S. 24, 30.)

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Sec. 10-27. International studies, exchange programs. Advisory committee. (a) It shall be the policy of the state to encourage its students, teachers, administrators and educational policy makers to participate in international studies, international exchange programs and other activities that advance cultural awareness and promote mutual understanding and respect for the citizens of other countries.

(b) The Commissioner of Education shall establish an international education advisory committee to explore international opportunities for learning, exchange programs and the availability of curriculum materials for students, teachers, administrators and educational policy makers. The advisory committee shall:

(1) Investigate and compile information concerning international education programs and opportunities. The committee shall make recommendations to the commissioner on the expansion of international education programs and opportunities and shall consider ways to encourage participation in such programs. The committee shall advise the Department of Education and the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education on international program opportunities and the availability of federal or nonprofit agency funding for such programs. The department shall provide information on international education opportunities to local and regional boards of education;

(2) Develop guidelines and standards to aid local and regional boards of education in the establishment of programs of international studies. Such guidelines and standards shall describe the essential components of a quality educational program incorporating international education concepts. The committee shall submit such guidelines and standards to the State Board of Education for review and approval;

(3) Develop criteria for what constitutes a sister school partnership program between a public school of this state and a foreign school. Such criteria shall provide a process for recognition of such partnership. The committee shall submit such criteria to the State Board of Education for review and approval; and

(4) Advise the State Board of Education on possible incentives to encourage the formation of partnerships that meet criteria established in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (3) of this subsection. Such incentives may include, but need not be limited to, cooperation between sister partnership schools in teacher certification, student assessment programs and recognition of student course credit, participation in summer programs and in other areas where the state could recognize the value of the sister school partnership relationships with minimal cost.

(c) State agencies, including the educational institutions, may exchange a limited number of professional personnel and students with institutions of other states and other countries and may pay the salaries of such personnel and may assign scholarships and grants-in-aid to the exchangees. The authorized exchange of personnel and students need not be parallel and simultaneous or specific with regard to the assignment of persons between institutions. If a vacancy exists on the staff of any state agency, including the educational institutions, because a leave of absence without pay has been granted, such agency may engage the services of professional personnel of other countries, and may pay such personnel so engaged from the funds which otherwise would have been paid to such staff members on leave of absence without pay.

(1949 Rev., S. 1366; 1949, 1955, S. 884d; P.A. 01-173, S. 8, 67; P.A. 03-76, S. 40; P.A. 04-153, S. 2; 04-257, S. 9.)

History: P.A. 01-173 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (c) and added Subsec. (a) re state policy and Subsec. (b) re advisory committee, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 03-76 made a technical change in Subsec. (c), effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 04-153 amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provisions re duties of advisory committee as Subdiv. (1) and adding Subdiv. (2) re guidelines and standards, Subdiv. (3) re sister school partnership program and Subdiv. (4) re incentives for formation of partnerships, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-257 made a technical change in Subsec. (c), effective June 14, 2004.

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Sec. 10-27a. International education programs, recognition of schools and partnership programs. (a) The State Board of Education may recognize a school that meets the standards for international education programs developed by the international education advisory committee, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of section 10-27. Any such school may announce and declare such recognition status.

(b) The State Board of Education may recognize sister school partnership programs between public schools of this state and foreign schools that meet criteria as established in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of section 10-27. Within available appropriations, participation in such partnership shall allow the foreign school access to state programs of professional development and technical assistance programs under the same terms and conditions as for public schools of this state.

(P.A. 04-153, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 04-153 effective July 1, 2004.

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Sec. 10-28. Transferred to Chapter 190, Sec. 11-23b.

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Sec. 10-28a. Advice and assistance to school library media centers. The State Board of Education shall give to communities advice and assistance in the organization, establishment and administration of school library media centers, shall extend to school library media centers, and to the media specialist and teachers of any public school, aid in selecting and organizing library media center collections and in management of library media services and may, for the purposes of this section, visit and evaluate library media centers organized under the provisions of section 10-221, and make recommendations for their improvement. Said board is authorized to purchase and organize books and other educational media to be loaned to such school library media centers, associations and individuals as the board may select.

(February, 1965, P.A. 490, S. 4; P.A. 80-32, S. 1, 3.)

History: P.A. 80-32 substituted “library media centers” for “libraries” and “media specialist” for “librarian” and made other minor language changes to reflect increased scope of school libraries.

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Sec. 10-28b. School volunteers; information and assistance about; state-wide coordinator; state plan. The Department of Education shall (1) provide information and technical assistance to local and regional boards of education regarding the involvement of volunteers and other partners, including parents and representatives from business and the community, in public school programs and activities, (2) designate an employee of the department as state-wide school volunteer coordinator, and (3) not later than January 15, 1991, in consultation with the Connecticut Association of Partners in Education, Inc., develop a state plan to encourage, enhance and support the involvement of school volunteers and other partners in education and submit such plan to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education. The provisions of this section shall be carried out within the limits of available appropriations.

(P.A. 90-324, S. 3, 13; P.A. 95-259, S. 3, 32; P.A. 03-76, S. 5.)

History: P.A. 95-259 added language concerning other partners, effective July 6, 1995; P.A. 03-76 made technical changes, effective June 3, 2003.

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Sec. 10-29. Library service center in Middlesex County. Section 10-29 is repealed.

(1955, S. 886d; February, 1965, P.A. 490, S. 10.)

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Sec. 10-29a. Certain days, weeks and months to be proclaimed by Governor. Distribution and number of proclamations. (a)(1) Martin Luther King Day. The Governor shall proclaim the fifteenth day of January of each year prior to 1986, and commencing on the twentieth day of January in 1986, the first Monday occurring on or after January fifteenth of each year, to be Martin Luther King Day, and the last school day before such day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state as a day honoring Martin Luther King for his selfless devotion to the advancement of equality and the preservation of human rights.

(2) Pan American Day. The Governor shall proclaim April fourteenth of each year to be Pan American Day, which day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state as a day honoring the Latin American republics, and shall otherwise be suitably observed by such public exercises in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates. If such schools are not in session on such day, Pan American Day shall be observed in the schools on the school day next succeeding or on a succeeding day designated by each local or regional board of education.

(3) Arbor Day. The last Friday of April in each year shall be observed in Connecticut as Arbor Day. The Governor shall annually designate this day with suitable proclamation or letter urging that on Arbor Day schools, civic organizations, governmental departments and all citizens and groups give serious thought to, and mark by appropriate exercises of a public nature, the value of trees and forests, the ornamentation of our streets, highways and parks with trees; and the economic benefits to be derived from well-cultivated orchards and forests.

(4) Loyalty Day. The Governor shall proclaim May first in each year to be Loyalty Day, which day shall be set aside as a special day for the reaffirmation of loyalty to the United States of America and for the recognition of the heritage of American freedom; and the flag of the United States shall be displayed on all state buildings on said day. Said day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state.

(5) Senior Citizens Day. The Governor shall proclaim the first Sunday in May in each year as Senior Citizens Day, in honor of the elderly citizens of the state and in recognition of their continued contribution to the state and the enrichment of the lives of all its citizens.

(6) Flag Day. The Governor shall, annually, designate by official proclamation or letter the fourteenth day of June as Flag Day and suitable exercises, having reference to the adoption of the national flag, shall be held in the public schools on the day so designated or, if that day is not a school day, on the school day preceding, or on any such other day as the local or regional board of education prescribes. On Flag Day suitable instruction in the method of displaying the flag and in the respect due the flag shall be given, based upon the flag code as adopted and revised by the National Flag Conference.

(7) School Safety Patrol Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Monday in September of each year to be School Safety Patrol Day, which shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state with a program on highway safety to call attention to the fine work of school safety patrols.

(8) Nathan Hale Day. The Governor shall proclaim September twenty-second of each year to be Nathan Hale Day, which day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state as a day honoring Nathan Hale for his selfless patriotism.

(9) Indian Day. The Governor shall proclaim the last Friday in September in each year to be Indian Day, which day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state as a day of commemoration of American Indians and their contribution to American life and civilization.

(10) Puerto Rico Day. The Governor shall proclaim the fourth Sunday in September in each year as Puerto Rico Day to honor the contribution to the welfare of the state made by persons of Puerto Rican ancestry, which day shall be suitably observed by such public exercises in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates. Puerto Rico Day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state on the school day next succeeding the fourth Sunday in September or on such succeeding day as may be designated by the local or regional board of education.

(11) Leif Erikson Day. The Governor shall proclaim a day within the first nine days of October of each year to be Leif Erikson Day, which day shall be suitably observed in all the public schools of the state as a day of commemoration of the Scandinavian peoples and their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country in the past and are now making, and also as a tribute to the gallant explorations of the Vikings.

(12) Fire Prevention Day. The Governor shall, also, by proclamation or letter, annually designate a day, on or about October ninth, to be known as Fire Prevention Day, which day shall be observed in the schools and in such other way as is indicated in such proclamation or letter.

(13) Columbus Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Monday in October of each year to be Columbus Day. Suitable exercises shall be held in the public schools, having reference to the historical events connected therewith and in commemoration of the Italian people, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country, such exercises to be held during the week within which Columbus Day occurs or on such other day as the local or regional board of education prescribes.

(14) Veterans' Day. The Governor shall annually issue a proclamation or letter calling for the observance of the eleventh day of November as Veterans' Day, in recognition of the service and sacrifice of the sons and daughters of Connecticut who served in the naval and military service of the United States in time of war. Suitable exercises shall be held in the public schools, having reference to the historical events connected therewith, such exercises to be held during the week within which Veterans' Day occurs or on any such other day as the local or regional board of education prescribes.

(15) St. Patrick's Day. The Governor shall proclaim March seventeenth of each year to be St. Patrick's Day to honor the Irish people, their culture and the contribution they have made to this state and country, which day shall be suitably observed by such public exercises in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates.

(16) German-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim October sixth of each year to be German-American Day to honor Americans of German ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(17) Friends Day. The Governor shall proclaim the fourth Sunday in April of each year to be Friends Day in honor of the enduring value of friendship and in recognition of the fundamental need, common to each member of our society, for a friend.

(18) Lithuanian Day. The Governor shall proclaim a date certain in each year as Lithuanian Day to honor the contribution to the welfare of the state made by persons of Lithuanian ancestry and to commemorate the culture of the Lithuanian people.

(19) Powered Flight Day. The Governor shall proclaim a date certain in each year as Powered Flight Day to honor the first powered flight by Gustave Whitehead and to commemorate the Connecticut aviation and aerospace industry.

(20) Ukrainian-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim August twenty-fourth of each year to be Ukrainian-American Day to honor Americans of Ukrainian ancestry, their culture and the contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(21) Retired Teachers Day. The Governor shall proclaim the third Wednesday in February in each year as Retired Teachers Day in honor of the retired teachers of the state and in recognition of their contributions.

(22) End of World War II Day. The Governor shall proclaim August fourteenth of each year as the day to commemorate the end of World War II. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(23) Honor Our Heroes and Remembrance Day. The Governor shall proclaim September eleventh of each year as Honor Our Heroes and Remembrance Day, in memory of those who lost their lives or suffered injuries in the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and in honor of the service, sacrifice and contributions of the firefighters, police officers and other personnel who responded to such attacks. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(24) Workers' Memorial Day. The Governor shall proclaim April twenty-eighth of each year to be Workers' Memorial Day to commemorate and to honor workers who have died on the job in the state. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(25) Disability Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim July twenty-sixth of each year to be Disability Awareness Day to heighten public awareness of the needs of persons with disabilities. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(26) Volunteer Firefighter and Volunteer Emergency Medical Services Personnel Day. The Governor shall proclaim the first Saturday in August of each year to be Volunteer Firefighter and Volunteer Emergency Medical Services Personnel Day in recognition of the service, sacrifice and contributions of such volunteers to the public health and safety. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(27) Women's Independence Day. The Governor shall proclaim August twenty-sixth of each year to be Women's Independence Day to commemorate the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States granting women the right to vote. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(28) Destroyer Escort Day. The Governor shall proclaim the third Saturday in June of each year as Destroyer Escort Day to commemorate and honor the service of destroyer escort ships in World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War and the sailors who served on them. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(29) Iwo Jima Day. The Governor shall proclaim February twenty-third of each year to be Iwo Jima Day to commemorate the raising of the American flag over the battlefield at Iwo Jima. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(30) Korean Armistice Day. The Governor shall proclaim July twenty-seventh of each year to be Korean Armistice Day to commemorate the signing of the armistice ending the Korean hostilities. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(31) Prudence Crandall Day. The Governor shall proclaim September third of each year to be Prudence Crandall Day in honor of her birthday. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(32) Polish-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim May third of each year to be Polish-American Day to honor Americans of Polish ancestry, their culture and the contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(33) Green Up Day. The Governor shall proclaim the last Saturday in April of each year to be Green Up Day to encourage citizens to clean up their communities, to plant trees and flowers and to otherwise enhance the physical beauty of the state's communities and countryside. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(34) Romanian-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim December first of each year to be Romanian-American Day to honor Americans of Romanian ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(35) Republic of China on Taiwan-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim October tenth of each year to be Republic of China on Taiwan-American Day to honor Americans of Chinese-Taiwanese ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(36) Austrian-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim May fifteenth of each year to be Austrian-American Day to honor Americans of Austrian ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(37) Greek-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim March twenty-fifth of each year, the day that Greeks celebrate as Greek Independence Day, to be Greek-American Day to honor Americans of Greek ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(38) Hungarian Freedom Fighters Day. The Governor shall proclaim October twenty-third of each year to be Hungarian Freedom Fighters Day to honor the bravery of the Hungarian freedom fighters during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(39) National Children's Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Sunday in October of each year to be National Children's Day. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(40) Youth to Work Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Wednesday of February of each year to be Youth to Work Day to allow an adult to bring a youth to work for the purpose of exposing such youth to the workplace. Suitable programs shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(41) Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Day. The Governor shall proclaim May twenty-fourth of each year to be Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Day to commemorate her valor and to honor the commitment and dedication of teachers throughout the United States. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(42) Gulf War Veterans Day. The Governor shall proclaim February twenty-eighth of each year to be Gulf War Veterans Day, in recognition of the service and sacrifice of the sons and daughters of Connecticut who served in the military service of the United States in the Persian Gulf War. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(43) Long Island Sound Day. The Governor shall proclaim the Friday before Memorial Day of each year to be Long Island Sound Day to encourage citizens to acknowledge and celebrate the economic, recreational and environmental values of the Sound. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(44) A Week to Remember Persons who have a Disability or are Shut-in. The Governor shall proclaim the third week in May of each year to be A Week to Remember Persons who have a Disability or are Shut-in. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(45) Firefighter and Emergency Medical Services Personnel Week. The Governor shall proclaim the first week in August of each year to be Firefighter and Emergency Medical Services Personnel Week in recognition of the service, sacrifice and contributions of such personnel to the public health and safety. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(46) Family Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Sunday in September of each year to be Family Day. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(47) Connecticut Aviation Pioneer Day. The Governor shall proclaim May twenty-fifth of each year to be Connecticut Aviation Pioneer Day to commemorate and to honor Igor I. Sikorsky. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(48) Juneteenth Independence Day. The Governor shall proclaim the Saturday that is closest to June nineteenth of each year to be Juneteenth Independence Day in recognition of the formal emancipation of enslaved African-Americans pursuant to General Order No. 3 of June 19, 1865, in Galveston, Texas. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(49) Corsair Day. The Governor shall proclaim May twenty-ninth of each year to be Corsair Day, to commemorate the first flight of the F4U Corsair and to honor the achievement of Connecticut workers at United Aircraft, Pratt and Whitney, Hamilton Standard and the Vought-Sikorsky companies in the production of the F4U Corsair, the only major combat aircraft of World War II that was the product of a single state. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(50) Frederick Law Olmsted Day. The Governor shall proclaim April twenty-sixth of each year to be Frederick Law Olmsted Day to honor his legacy as the founder of American landscape architecture. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(51) Lung Cancer Awareness Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of November to be Lung Cancer Awareness Month to heighten public awareness of the fact that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death of both men and women in the United States. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(52) Woman-Owned Business Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of May to be Woman-Owned Business Month to honor the contribution that women-owned businesses make to our state. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(53) Arnold-Chiari Malformation Awareness Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of September to be Arnold-Chiari Malformation Awareness Month to heighten public awareness of Arnold-Chiari Malformation's attendant presentations and treatments. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(54) Missing Persons Day. The Governor shall proclaim August twenty-third of each year to be Missing Persons Day to raise awareness of the plight of the families of state citizens who have been reported as missing. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(55) Fibromyalgia Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim May twelfth of each year to be Fibromyalgia Awareness Day to heighten public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for fibromyalgia disorder. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(56) Fragile X Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim September thirteenth of each year to be Fragile X Awareness Day to heighten public awareness of Fragile X's attendant presentations and treatments. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(57) Self Injury Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim March first of each year to be Self Injury Awareness Day to increase awareness of the issues surrounding self injury. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(58) Mitochondrial Disease Awareness Week. The Governor shall proclaim the third week in September of each year to be Mitochondrial Disease Awareness Week to raise awareness of Mitochondrial Disease. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(59) Thomas Paine Day. The Governor shall proclaim the twenty-ninth day of January of each year to be Thomas Paine Day to honor Thomas Paine, the author and theorist, for his instrumental role in the cause of independence leading to the American Revolution. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(60) Canada Appreciation Day. The Governor shall proclaim July first, Canada Day, of each year to be Canada Appreciation Day to honor the close ties of geography, culture and economy between our two countries. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(61) Welcome Home Vietnam Veterans Day. The Governor shall proclaim March thirtieth of each year to be Welcome Home Vietnam Veterans Day, to commemorate and honor the return home of the members of the armed forces who served in Vietnam. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(62) Irish-American Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of March of each year to be Irish-American Month to honor Americans of Irish ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(63) Italian-American Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of October of each year to be Italian-American Month to honor Americans of Italian ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(64) Native American Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of November of each year to be Native American Month to honor Americans of Native American ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(65) French Canadian-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim June twenty-fourth of each year to be French Canadian-American Day to honor Americans of French Canadian ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(66) First Responder Day. The Governor shall proclaim September twenty-seventh of each year to be First Responder Day in recognition of the service, sacrifice and contribution of such personnel to the public health and safety. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(67) Are You Dense? Breast Cancer Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim October thirtieth of each year to be Are You Dense? Breast Cancer Awareness Day to heighten public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for breast cancer. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(68) Neurological Disorders Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim October ninth of each year to be Neurological Disorders Awareness Day to heighten public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for neurological disorders. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(69) Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Respiratory Distress Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim February tenth of each year to be Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Respiratory Distress Awareness Day to heighten public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(70) Dwarfism Awareness Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of October of each year to be Dwarfism Awareness Month to increase public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for dwarfism. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(71) Safe Haven Day. The Governor shall proclaim April fourth of each year to be Safe Haven Day to heighten public awareness of the safe haven law, sections 17a-57 to 17a-61, inclusive, concerning the voluntary surrender of infants thirty days or younger and the availability of safe havens in the state. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(72) Trigeminal Neuralgia Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim October seventh of each year to be Trigeminal Neuralgia Awareness Day to increase public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for trigeminal neuralgia. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(73) Bob Hope Day. The Governor shall proclaim May twenty-ninth of each year to be Bob Hope Day to recognize Bob Hope's efforts across the globe in support of United States military service members. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(74) Purebred Dog Day. The Governor shall proclaim May first of each year to be Purebred Dog Day to honor purebred dogs and their breeders. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(75) Male Breast Cancer Awareness Week. The Governor shall proclaim the third week in October of each year to be Male Breast Cancer Awareness Week to heighten public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for male breast cancer. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(76) Lyme Disease Awareness Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of May of each year to be Lyme Disease Awareness Month to heighten public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for Lyme disease. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(77) PJ Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Friday in December of each year to be PJ Day to raise awareness of all of those children being treated and cared for in hospitals across the state. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(78) Patriots' Day. The Governor shall proclaim the third Monday in April of each year to be Patriots' Day to commemorate the anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord during the American Revolutionary War. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(79) National K9 Veterans' Day. The Governor shall proclaim March thirteenth of each year to be National K9 Veterans' Day to honor federal, state and local law enforcement K9 Corps units and their service to our local communities, state and country. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(80) Connecticut Maple Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of March of each year to be Connecticut Maple Month to recognize the continued contribution of maple producers in the state who perpetuate a cherished New England tradition and who positively impact our economy, environment and way of life. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(81) Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim November twenty-sixth of each year to be Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Awareness Day to raise public awareness of the rare connective tissue disease. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(82) Jewish American Heritage Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of May of each year to be Jewish American Heritage Month to honor Americans of Jewish ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(83) Cable Technician Recognition Day. The Governor shall proclaim September eighth of each year to be Cable Technician Recognition Day to honor cable technicians. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(84) Military Spouses' Day. The Governor shall proclaim November twelfth of each year to be Military Spouses' Day to acknowledge the significant contributions, support, and sacrifices of spouses of members of the Armed Forces. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(85) Sikh Genocide Remembrance Day. The Governor shall proclaim November first of each year to be Sikh Genocide Remembrance Day to remember the lives lost on November 1, 1984, during the Sikh Genocide. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(86) Eating Disorders Awareness Week. The Governor shall proclaim the fourth week in February of each year to be Eating Disorders Awareness Week to heighten public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for eating disorders. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(87) Cadet Nurse Corps Day. The Governor shall proclaim June fifteenth of each year to be Cadet Nurse Corps Day to honor women who served during the Second World War as members of the Cadet Nurse Corps. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(88) Connecticut Older Horse Week. The Governor shall proclaim the fourth week in May of each year to be Connecticut Older Horse Week to spread awareness of the active role that horses play in farming, sports and entertainment and to recognize the retired horses of the state. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(89) Kidney Disease Awareness Week. The Governor shall proclaim the first week in September of each year to be Kidney Disease Awareness Week to raise public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for chronic kidney disease or kidney failure, the need for artificial filtering or dialysis, kidney donations and kidney transplants, and the diseases or conditions that impair kidney function such as diabetes and hypertension and the various types of kidney disease such as polycystic kidney disease. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(90) 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Day. The Governor shall proclaim November twenty-second of each year to be 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Day to raise public awareness of this genetic disease and available treatments for it. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(91) Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Day. The Governor shall proclaim May seventeenth of each year to be Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Day to raise public awareness of this type of brain cancer. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(92) Thirteenth Amendment Day. The Governor shall proclaim December sixth of each year to be Thirteenth Amendment Day to reflect upon, remember and celebrate the ratification of the thirteenth amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(93) Clubfoot Day. The Governor shall proclaim June third of each year to be Clubfoot Day to raise public awareness of this musculoskeletal birth deformity and available treatments for it. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(94) Encephalitis Day. The Governor shall proclaim February twenty-second of each year to be Encephalitis Day to raise awareness of encephalitis and acknowledge those who have been directly or indirectly affected by encephalitis. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(95) U.S.S. Indianapolis CA-35 Day. The Governor shall proclaim July thirtieth of each year to be U.S.S. Indianapolis CA-35 Day to commemorate and honor the cruiser and the service, sacrifice and bravery of the sailors of Connecticut who served aboard the ship during World War II, and in recognition of the U.S.S. Indianapolis CA-35's final sailing crew, the pilots who discovered the survivors and the rescue and recovery crews. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(96) Advance Directive Awareness Week. The Governor shall proclaim the week of April sixteenth of each year to be Advance Directive Awareness Week, to raise public awareness of the importance of planning ahead for health care decisions and to encourage the use of advance directives. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(97) Moyamoya Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim May sixth of each year to be Moyamoya Awareness Day to raise public awareness of the symptoms and available treatments for this cerebrovascular disease. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(98) Connecticut Race Amity Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Sunday of June annually to be Connecticut Race Amity Day, to reflect and affirm the dignity of the diverse racial, cultural and religious backgrounds of the residents of the state. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(99) Brain Aneurysm Awareness Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of September annually to be Brain Aneurysm Awareness Month, to raise public awareness of the associated presentation and available treatments for brain aneurysms. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(100) Xeroderma Pigmentosum Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim May thirteenth of each year to be Xeroderma Pigmentosum Awareness Day, to raise awareness of this genetic disorder characterized by an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet rays. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(101) Kindness Week. The Governor shall proclaim the second week of February of each year to be Kindness Week, to promote acts of kindness among the residents of the state. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(102) Social Media Safety and Awareness Week. The Governor shall proclaim the last week of June of each year to be Social Media Safety and Awareness Week, to raise awareness of social media usage's potential effect on mental health and social media safety. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(103) Peace Corps Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of March to be Peace Corps Month, in recognition of the service provided by the volunteers of the Peace Corps in supporting the global community. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(104) Maternal Mental Health Month. The Governor shall proclaim the month of May of each year to be Maternal Mental Health Month, to raise awareness of issues surrounding maternal mental health. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the month.

(105) Maternal Mental Health Day. The Governor shall proclaim May fifth of each year to be Maternal Mental Health Day, to raise awareness of issues surrounding maternal mental health. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

(106) Get Outside and Play For Children's Mental Health Day. The Governor shall proclaim May twenty-sixth of each year to be Get Outside and Play for Children's Mental Health Day to raise awareness about issues relating to children's mental health and the positive effect that being outdoors has on children's mental health and wellness. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and in the public schools on the day so designated or, if that day is not a school day, on the school day preceding, or on any such other day as the local or regional board of education prescribes.

(107) Health Equity Week. The Governor shall proclaim the first full week of April each year to be Health Equity Week to reaffirm the state's commitment to eliminating health inequities to ensure all residents have the opportunity to achieve optimal health. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

(b) Distribution and number of proclamations. The number of the Governor's proclamations for the initial observance of a day under any subdivision of subsection (a) of this section that are printed, handled and mailed shall be limited to the following: (1) One copy of each proclamation issued by the Governor shall be distributed (A) to each municipality, (B) to each school in each municipality, (C) to each public and private institution of higher education and (D) to each public library. (2) One copy of those proclamations declaring a day of fasting and prayer, Independence Day, and Thanksgiving Day shall be distributed to each church and synagogue in the state. The Governor may issue either not more than one proclamation or not more than one letter to each such entity to proclaim the subsequent observance of each such day.

(P.A. 78-218, S. 26; P.A. 83-11; P.A. 84-56, S. 1; 84-546, S. 21, 173; P.A. 85-219; 85-229; P.A. 87-53, S. 1; P.A. 89-15, S. 1; 89-20, S. 1, 2; 89-118, S. 3; P.A. 90-180; P.A. 91-44; 91-130, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-117, S. 1, 2; 93-281, S. 1; P.A. 94-75, S. 2, 3; 94-88; P.A. 95-25, S. 1, 2; 95-67; P.A. 96-45; 96-84, S. 1, 2; 96-155, S. 1; 96-244, S. 50, 63; P.A. 97-75; 97-77; 97-146, S. 1, 2; 97-288, S. 5, 6; P.A. 02-126, S. 8; P.A. 03-29, S. 1; 03-79, S. 1; P.A. 05-49, S. 2; 05-179, S. 1; P.A. 06-77, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-4, S. 67; P.A. 09-224, S. 1, 4; P.A. 10-40, S. 1; P.A. 13-210, S. 3, 7; P.A. 14-25, S. 1; 14-188, S. 9; P.A. 15-87, S. 1; 15-241, S. 1; P.A. 17-202, S. 15; 17-204, S. 1; P.A. 18-60, S. 1; P.A. 19-152, S. 1, 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 185, 186; P.A. 22-58, S. 77; 22-81, S. 10; 22-146, S. 21.)

History: P.A. 83-11 required the governor to proclaim March 17 of each year St. Patrick's Day to pay honor to the Irish people; P.A. 84-56 amended Subsec. (a) to reflect date for observance of Martin Luther King Day under federal law and added provisions re German-American Day and Friends Day as Subsecs. (p) and (q), relettering former Subsec. (p) as (r); P.A. 84-546 made technical grammatical changes in Subsec. (c); P.A. 85-219 inserted new Subsec. (r) re Lithuanian Day and P.A. 85-229 inserted new Subsec. (s) re Powered Flight Day, relettering former Subsec. (r) accordingly; P.A. 87-53 added new Subsec. (t) re proclamation of Ukrainian-American Day and relettered Subsec. (t) as Subsec. (u); P.A. 89-15 added new Subsec. re proclamation of Retired Teachers Day; P.A. 89-20 inserted new Subsec. requiring governor to proclaim August fourteenth as day to commemorate end of World War II; P.A. 89-118 inserted new Subsec. re proclamation of 911 Day, relettering Subsecs. as necessary; P.A. 90-180 inserted a new Subsec. (x) re proclamation of Workers' Memorial Day and relettered former Subsec. (x) as Subsec. (y); P.A. 91-44 inserted new Subsec. re proclamation of Disability Awareness Day and relettered former Subsec. (y) accordingly; P.A. 91-130 inserted new Subsecs. re proclamation of Volunteer Firefighter and Volunteer Emergency Medical Services Personnel Day, and re Women's Independence Day, and relettered former Subsec. (y) accordingly; P.A. 93-117 inserted new Subsec. (bb) re proclamation of Destroyer Escort Day, relettered former Subsec. (bb) accordingly and authorized governor to issue letters to proclaim observance of any day under this section after initial observance of the day, effective June 14, 1993; P.A. 93-281 inserted new Subsec. (cc) re proclamation of Iwo Jima Day, necessitating the relettering of newly created (cc) as (dd); P.A. 94-75 inserted new Subsec. (dd) re proclamation of Korean Armistice Day and relettered former Subsec. (dd) accordingly, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 94-88 amended Subsec. (t) by changing date of Ukrainian-American Day from January twenty-second to August twenty-fourth, added new Subsec. (ee) re Prudence Crandall Day and relettered former Subsec. (dd) as (ff); P.A. 95-25 designated Subsecs. (a) to (ee), inclusive, as Subdivs. (1) to (31), inclusive, of Subsec. (a) and added Subdiv. (32) re proclamation of Polish-American Day and designated Subsec. (ff) as Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-67 added new Subdiv. (33) re Green Up Day; P.A. 96-45 added new Subdiv. in Subsec. (a), codified by the Revisors as (39), re National Children's Day; P.A. 96-84 added Subdivs. (34) to (38), inclusive, in Subsec. (a) re Romanian-American Day, Republic of China on Taiwan-American Day, Austrian-American Day, Greek-American Day and Hungarian Freedom Fighters Day, effective May 8, 1996; P.A. 96-155 added new Subdiv. in Subsec. (a), codified by the Revisors as (40), re Youth to Work Day; P.A. 96-244 added new Subdiv. in Subsec. (a), codified by the Revisors as (41), re Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Day, effective June 6, 1996; P.A. 97-75 added Subsec. (a)(42) re Gulf War Veterans Day; P.A. 97-77 added Subsec. (a)(43) re Long Island Sound Day; P.A. 97-146 added new Subdivs. (44) and (45) in Subsec. (a) re A Week to Remember Persons who are Disabled or Shut-in and Firefighter and Emergency Medical Services Personnel Week, effective June 13, 1997; P.A. 97-288 added new Subsec. (a)(46) re Family Day, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 02-126 amended Subsec. (a)(23) by proclaiming September eleventh of each year as Remembrance Day in lieu of 911 Day, effective July 1, 2002; P.A. 03-29 added Subsec. (a)(47) re Connecticut Aviation Pioneer Day, effective April 25, 2003; P.A. 03-79 added Subsec. (a)(48) re Juneteenth Independence Day, effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 05-49 added Subsec. (a)(49) re Corsair Day, effective May 9, 2005; P.A. 05-179 added Subsec. (a)(50) re Frederick Law Olmsted Day; P.A. 06-77 added Subsec. (a)(51) re Lung Cancer Awareness Month (Revisor's note: Although when it was enacted Subdiv. (51) included the catchline “Lung Cancer Awareness Month”, the Revisors have treated that catchline as though they had added it editorially and it will therefore be printed in boldface type for consistency with the other subdivision catchlines in this section); June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-4 added Subsec. (a)(52) re Woman-Owned Business Month, effective June 29, 2007; P.A. 09-224 amended Subsec. (a)(23) to redesignate September eleventh of each year as “Honor Our Heroes and Remembrance Day” and added Subsec. (a)(53) re Arnold-Chiari Malformation Awareness Month, Subsec. (a)(54) re Missing Persons Day, Subsec. (a)(55) re Fibromyalgia Awareness Day, Subsec. (a)(56) re Fragile X Awareness Day, Subsec. (a)(57) re Self Injury Awareness Day, Subsec. (a)(58) re Mitochondrial Disease Awareness Week, Subsec. (a)(59) re Thomas Paine Day and Subsec. (a)(60) re Canada Appreciation Day, effective July 8, 2009; P.A. 10-40 added Subsec. (a)(61) re Welcome Home Vietnam Veterans Day, effective May 18, 2010; P.A. 13-210 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing reference to the Wright Brothers with reference to Gustave Whitehead in Subdiv. (19), adding Subdiv. (62) re Irish-American Month, adding Subdiv. (63) re Italian-American Month, adding Subdiv. (64) re Native American Month and adding Subdiv. (65) re French Canadian-American Day, effective June 25, 2013; P.A. 14-25 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subdiv. (66) re First Responder Day, effective May 16, 2014; P.A. 14-188 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provisions re Are You Dense? Breast Cancer Awareness Day and re Neurological Disorders Awareness Day, codified by the Revisors as Subdivs. (67) and (68), respectively, effective June 12, 2014; P.A. 15-87 amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (69) re Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Respiratory Distress Awareness Day and Subdiv. (70) re Dwarfism Awareness Month, effective May 28, 2015; P.A. 15-241 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision, codified by the Revisors as Subdiv. (71), re Safe Haven Day, effective July 6, 2015; P.A. 17-202 amended Subsec. (a)(44) by replacing “A Week to Remember Persons who are Disabled or Shut-in” with “A Week to Remember Persons who have a Disability or are Shut-in”; P.A. 17-204 amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (72) re Trigeminal Neuralgia Awareness Day, Subdiv. (73) re Bob Hope Day, Subdiv. (74) re Purebred Dog Day, Subdiv. (75) re Male Breast Cancer Awareness Week, Subdiv. (76) re Lyme Disease Awareness Month, Subdiv. (77) re PJ Day, Subdiv. (78) re Patriots' Day, Subdiv. (79) re National K9 Veterans' Day, Subdiv. (80) re Connecticut Maple Month, Subdiv. (81) re Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Awareness Day, and Subdiv. (82) re Jewish American Heritage Month, effective upon the passage of a biennial budget for the biennium ending June 30, 2019; P.A. 18-60 amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (83) re Cable Technician Recognition Day, Subdiv. (84) re Military Spouses' Day, Subdiv. (85) re Sikh Genocide Remembrance Day, and Subdiv. (86) re Eating Disorders Awareness Week, effective June 1, 2018; P.A. 19-152 amended Subsec. (a) to change references from November 30th to November 1st in Subdiv. (85) and to add Subdiv. (87) re Cadet Nurse Corps Day, add Subdiv. (88) re Connecticut Older Horse Week, add Subdiv. (89) re Kidney Disease Awareness Week, add Subdiv. (90) re 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Day, add Subdiv. (91) re Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Day, add Subdiv. (92) re Thirteenth Amendment Day, add Subdiv. (93) re Clubfoot Day, add Subdiv. (94) re Encephalitis Day, add Subdiv. (95) re U.S.S. Indianapolis CA-35 Day, add Subdiv. (96) re Advance Directive Awareness Day and add Subdiv. (97) re Moyamoya Awareness Day, effective July 9, 2019; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (a)(96) to change “Advance Directive Awareness Day” to “Advance Directive Awareness Week” and make conforming changes, effective October 1, 2021, and amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (98) re Connecticut Race Amity Day, Subdiv. (99) re Brain Aneurysm Awareness Month, Subdiv. (100) re Xeroderma Pigmentosum Awareness Day, Subdiv. (101) re Kindness Week, Subdiv. (102) re Social Media Safety and Awareness Week and Subdiv. (103) re Peace Corps Month, effective June 23, 2021; P.A. 22-58 amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (104) re Maternal Mental Health Month and Subdiv. (105) re Maternal Mental Health Day, effective May 23, 2022; P.A. 22-81 amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (104), codified by the Revisors as Subdiv. (106), re Get Outside and Play for Children's Mental Health Day; P.A. 22-146 amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (104), codified by the Revisors as Subdiv. (107), re Health Equity Week.

See Sec. 46a-41 re White Cane Safety Day.

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Sec. 10-29b. Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Commission. (a) There is established a Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Commission, consisting of nineteen members. The initial appointees shall include all members of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission established by Executive Order No. Fifteen of Governor William A. O'Neill. The terms of the initial appointees shall expire on February 28, 1991. On or before March 1, 1991, the Governor shall appoint members of the commission as follows: Ten members shall serve for terms of four years from said March first and one member shall serve for a term of two years from said March first. On or before March 1, 1991, eight members shall be appointed for terms of two years from said March first, two of whom shall be appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate, two by the minority leader of the Senate, two by the speaker of the House of Representatives and two by the minority leader of the House of Representatives. Thereafter all members shall serve for terms of four years from March first in the year of their appointment. The Governor shall designate one of the members appointed by him to be chairperson of the commission, and the commission shall elect one member to be vice-chairperson. Any person absent from (1) three consecutive meetings of the commission or (2) fifty per cent of such meetings during any calendar year shall be deemed to have resigned from the commission, effective immediately. Vacancies on the commission shall be filled by the appointing authority. Members of the commission shall serve without compensation but shall, within the limits of available funds, be reimbursed for expenses necessarily incurred in the performance of their duties. The commission shall meet as often as deemed necessary by the chairperson or a majority of the commission.

(b) The commission shall: (1) Ensure that the commemoration of the birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in the state is meaningful and reflective of the spirit with which he lived and the struggles for which he died, (2) maintain a clearinghouse of programs and activities relating to the observance and promotion of such birthday in the state, (3) cooperate with the Martin Luther King, Jr. Federal Holiday Commission, community organizations and municipalities in the state, (4) develop and implement programs and activities for the state as it deems appropriate and (5) not later than September first, annually, submit to the Governor a report on its findings, conclusions, proposals and recommendations for the observance of such birthday in the following January.

(c) The commission may use such funds as may be available from federal, state or other sources and may enter into contracts to carry out the purposes of this section.

(d) The Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall serve as secretariat and consultant to the commission.

(P.A. 89-258, S. 1, 2.)

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Sec. 10-29c. Certain days, weeks and months to be designated for celebration of ethnic, cultural or heritage groups. The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development may, in his or her discretion, designate a day, week or month for the celebration of any ethnic, cultural or heritage group upon the application of such ethnic, cultural or heritage group for such designation.

(P.A. 13-210, S. 4.)

History: P.A. 13-210 effective June 25, 2013.

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Secs. 10-30 and 10-30a. Certain days to be proclaimed by Governor; distribution and number of proclamations. Proclamation of Hat Day prohibited. Sections 10-30 and 10-30a are repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 1368; 1949, S. 888d, 889d; 1955, S. 890d; 1957, P.A. 168, S. 1; 1963, P.A. 80; February, 1965, P.A. 13, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 208, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 11, S. 2; 151; 204; 1971, P.A. 84; 118, S. 1; P.A. 73-3, S. 2; 73-9; 73-406; 73-648, S. 2; P.A. 74-18; P.A. 76-267, S. 2; P.A. 77-320, S. 1–3; P.A. 78-218, S. 211; P.A. 83-76, S. 1, 2.)

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PART II

HIGH SCHOOLS

Secs. 10-31 and 10-32. Establishment and maintenance. Duties of town board of education. Sections 10-31 and 10-32 are repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 1369, 1370; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 60; 1963, P.A. 302; February, 1965, P.A. 111, S. 1.)

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Sec. 10-33. Tuition in towns in which no high school is maintained. Any local board of education which does not maintain a high school shall designate a high school approved by the State Board of Education as the school which any child may attend who has completed an elementary school course, and such board of education shall pay the tuition of such child residing with a parent or guardian in such school district and attending such high school.

(1949 Rev., S. 1371; P.A. 78-218, S. 27.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” school board for “town” and “town school board” references and made other minor language changes.

Cited. 103 C. 160; 181 C. 544.

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Sec. 10-34. Approval by state board of incorporated or endowed high school or academy. The State Board of Education may examine any incorporated or endowed high school or academy in this state and, if it appears that such school or academy meets the requirements of the State Board of Education for the approval of public high schools, said board may approve such school or academy under the provisions of this part, and any town in which a high school is not maintained shall pay the whole of the tuition fees of pupils attending such school or academy, except if it is a school under ecclesiastical control.

(1949 Rev., S. 1372.)

Cited. 181 C. 544. Judgment of Appellate Court in 2 CA 551 reversed. 199 C. 231.

Cited. 2 CA 551; judgment reversed, see 199 C. 231.

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Sec. 10-35. Notice of discontinuance of high school service to nonresidents. Cooperative arrangements and school building projects for school accommodations. (a) A board of education which is providing educational facilities for nonresident high school students and which desires to discontinue furnishing such service to nonresident students shall notify the board of education of the school district wherein such pupils reside that such facilities will not be so furnished, such notice to be given not less than one year prior to the time when such facilities will cease to be so furnished, provided the board of education not maintaining a high school may enter into an agreement with another board of education to provide such facilities for a period not exceeding ten years, in which event the time agreed upon shall not be changed except by agreement between the parties.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, boards of education which enter into a cooperative arrangement pursuant to section 10-158a for the purpose of a school building project for school accommodations for students residing within the school districts that are members of such cooperative arrangement, may enter into agreements to provide such school accommodations for a period of not less than twenty years.

(1951, 1953, S. 892d; P.A. 78-218, S. 28; P.A. 97-247, S. 8, 27.)

History: P.A. 78-218 made technical changes to simplify language; P.A. 97-247 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b) re cooperative arrangements, effective July 1, 1997.

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Sec. 10-36. Agreements with Gilbert School and Woodstock Academy. Section 10-36 is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

(1955, S. 891d; P.A. 78-218, S. 29; P.A. 86-294, S. 2, 3; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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Secs. 10-37 and 10-38. Transportation within the town. Joint high schools. Sections 10-37 and 10-38 are repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 1373, 1374; 1959, P.A. 77; 1969, P.A. 603, S. 2.)

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PART IIa

POSTSECONDARY SCHOOLS

Sec. 10-38a. Maintenance of postsecondary schools. Section 10-38a is repealed except that any institution operating under the provisions of said section prior to April 1, 1965, may continue to operate in accordance with the provisions of said section.

(1959, P.A. 232, S. 1; 1963, P.A. 583; February, 1965, P.A. 330, S. 25.)

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PART IIb

REGIONAL COMMUNITY COLLEGES

Secs. 10-38b to 10-38i. Transferred to Chapter 185b, Part I, Secs. 10a-71 to 10a-78, inclusive.

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Sec. 10-38j. Recommendations for expansion of higher educational opportunities. Section 10-38j is repealed.

(1969, P.A. 812, S. 6; P.A. 77-573, S. 27, 30.)

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Secs. 10-38k and 10-38l. Transferred to Chapter 185b, Part I, Secs. 10a-79 and 10a-80, respectively.

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PART III*

REGIONAL SCHOOLS

*Plaintiff merely taxpayer and voter in area affected has no standing to bring action for declaratory judgment concerning validity of establishment of regional school district under chapter. 157 C. 1.

Sec. 10-39. Temporary regional school study committee. (a) Two or more towns may establish a regional school district in accordance with the provisions of this part.

(b) Two or more local or regional school districts may, by vote of their legislative bodies, join in the establishment of a temporary regional school study committee, hereafter referred to as the committee, to study the advisability of establishing a regional school district, and report to the respective towns in accordance with section 10-43. In performing its duties, such committee may employ an architect to assist in estimating the cost of providing school facilities, an appraiser to establish the value of assets of each participating school district and such other professional consultants or personnel as may be needed, provided the committee shall not incur obligations which exceed the moneys received pursuant to section 10-42. The committee shall continue until dissolved pursuant to section 10-43 but no longer than two years from the date of its organization unless the legislative bodies of the participating towns vote to extend the life of the committee for a period not to exceed two years.

(c) Two or more boards of education may conduct a preliminary study of the advisability of establishing a regional school district, and if their findings are affirmative, such boards of education, except as provided below, shall submit a written report to the chief executive officer in each town served by such boards. Within thirty days of the receipt of the report, such officer shall call a meeting of the legislative body of the town which shall consider the report and vote on the question of establishing a temporary regional school study committee pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. In the case of a regional board of education, such board shall call a meeting of the regional school district for such purposes.

(d) A regional school district may participate as a region in any study undertaken pursuant to subsection (b) or (c) of this section. In the case of a preliminary study, the regional board of education shall submit the written report to a regional school district meeting called to consider the report and vote on the question of joining in the establishment of a temporary regional school study committee pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. A regional school district may vote to appoint five members to a temporary regional school study committee at a regional school district meeting. Two of such members shall be members of the regional board of education. The towns which are members of such regional school district shall be “participating” towns for the purposes of notice, reports and referenda under sections 10-41 to 10-43, inclusive, and section 10-45. If a new regional school district is established by the referenda, the board of education of the regional school district which participated in the study shall be deemed a town board of education for purposes of section 10-46a.

(1951, 1953, 1955, S. 895d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 1; P.A. 78-218, S. 30; P.A. 85-44, S. 1, 2; P.A. 91-303, S. 13, 22; P.A. 97-247, S. 9, 27.)

History: 1969 act made former provisions Subsec. (b), added Subsec. (a) re formation of regional school districts, included in Subsec. (b) provisions concerning employment of appraisers and other professional consultants and term of existence of committee and added Subsecs. (c) to (e) re preliminary studies; P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” school districts and deleted Subsec. (e); P.A. 85-44 amended Subsec. (a) to delete minimum and maximum enrollment standards requirement; P.A. 91-303 in Subsec. (d) deleted requirement that the study be for the purpose of establishing a regional school district which may provide for the proposed district all programs under the general supervision and control of the state board of education; P.A. 97-247 amended Subsec. (a) to remove provisions re regulations, effective July 1, 1997.

Cited. 157 C. 7; 169 C. 613; 180 C. 464.

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Sec. 10-40. Appointment of committee members. The legislative body of each town joining in the establishment of such a committee shall appoint to such committee five members at least two of whom shall be members of the board of education of such town. The town clerk of each town shall immediately give notice of the appointments made to the Commissioner of Education. Within thirty days of receipt of the last of such notices, the commissioner shall appoint a consultant to such committee. The consultant shall call the first meeting of the study committee within ten days after such appointment.

(1951, 1953, 1955, S. 895d; 1963, P.A. 387, S. 1; February, 1965, P.A. 411, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 2; P.A. 78-218, S. 31; P.A. 96-244, S. 2, 63.)

History: 1963 act added requirement that state board of education provide consultant; 1965 act changed number of representatives from each town from four to five and required at least two to be members of town board of education; 1969 act deleted provisions concerning town meeting procedure for member selection and made legislative body of town responsible for selection, required town clerk to notify state board of appointment, required that consultant be appointed within 30 days of notification and required that consultant call first committee meeting within 10 days of appointment; P.A. 78-218 made technical changes; P.A. 96-244 substituted “Commissioner” for “State Board” of Education, effective July 1, 1996.

Cited. 141 C. 401; 169 C. 613.

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Sec. 10-41. Officers and records of committee. The committee, at its first meeting, shall elect from among its number a chairperson, a secretary, a treasurer who shall be bonded, and such other officers as the committee determines to be necessary. Meetings of the committee shall be held at the call of the chairperson or at such times as the committee determines. A majority of the committee shall constitute a quorum. The treasurer shall receive all funds and moneys of the committee, pay out the same upon the order of the committee within the limits of such receipts and keep detailed accounts thereof. The secretary of the committee shall keep minutes of the meetings and file copies thereof with the town clerk of each participating town.

(1951, 1953, 1955, S. 896d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 3; P.A. 78-218, S. 32.)

History: 1969 act replaced oblique reference to first meeting in former provisions with “at its first meeting”, deleted requirement for 24-hour notice of meetings and required that minutes be filed with clerk; P.A. 78-218 substituted “chairperson” for “chairman”.

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Sec. 10-42. Expenses of committee. The committee may receive and disburse for the purposes of the study moneys from any source, including bequests, gifts or contributions, made by any individual, corporation or association. Each participating town shall pay a share of the expenses of the committee in an amount which is in the same proportion to the total expenses as the number of pupils in average daily membership of such town as defined in section 10-261 for the school year next prior to that in which the committee is established bears to the total number of such pupils in participating towns. The expenses of the committee in the initial two-year period shall not exceed ten dollars times the total number of pupils used in the above computation. An affirmative vote by the legislative body to join a temporary regional school study committee shall obligate the town or regional school district to pay its share of the expenses of the committee. The treasurer of the district shall pay to the committee upon demand of its treasurer any portion of such share. Subject to the approval of the State Board of Education, for the purpose of computing any state grant for school building purposes under chapter 173, any part of such moneys paid to an architect for professional services shall be applied to the total cost of any school building which may be constructed. An affirmative vote by the legislative body to extend the life of the committee pursuant to section 10-39 shall obligate the town or regional school district to pay its share of the additional expenses. The total expenses of the committee for each additional year shall not exceed one-half the limit set for the initial two-year period. Any unencumbered balance remaining in the treasury of the committee at the time such committee is dissolved shall be returned by the treasurer to the participating districts in the same proportion as their respective shares were paid to finance the expenses of the committee.

(1951, 1955, S. 897d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 4; P.A. 79-128, S. 31, 36; P.A. 95-259, S. 4, 32.)

History: 1969 act simplified the wording of the section, obligated towns voting to join temporary study committee to pay their share of expenses and additional expenses resulting from extension of committee's term of operation and limited total expenses for each additional year to one-half of limit set for initial two-year term; P.A. 79-128 replaced “number of pupils used to compute the grant to such town pursuant to section 10-262” with “number of pupils in average daily membership of such town as defined in section 10-261”; P.A. 95-259 increased the limit on expenses of the committee from $5 to $10 times total number of pupils, effective July 6, 1995.

Cited. 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24.

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Sec. 10-43. Reports to towns. Dissolution of committee. (a) The committee shall, at least semiannually, make progress reports to the participating towns and the State Board of Education in such manner as the committee deems suitable. Upon completion of its study, the committee shall present a written report of its findings and recommendations to the State Board of Education and the town clerk of each participating town. If the committee finds that establishment of the proposed regional school district is inadvisable, its report shall include such findings and an explanation of the reasons for its conclusions. If the findings of the committee support the feasibility and desirability of establishing a regional school district, its report shall contain (1) the findings of the committee with respect to the advisability of establishing a regional school district, (2) the towns to be included, (3) the grade levels for which educational programs are to be provided, (4) detailed educational and budget plans for at least a five-year period including projections of enrollments, staff needs and deployment and a description of all programs and supportive services planned for the proposed regional school district, (5) the facilities recommended, (6) estimates of the cost of land and facilities, (7) a recommendation concerning the capital contribution of each participating town based on appraisals or a negotiated valuation of existing land and facilities owned and used by each town for public elementary and secondary education which the committee recommends be acquired for use by the proposed regional school district, together with a plan for the transfer of such land and facilities, (8) a recommendation concerning the size of the board of education to serve the proposed regional school district and the representation of each town thereon, and (9) such other matters as the committee deems pertinent. The capital contribution of each participating town shall be in the same proportion to the total purchase price or negotiated value of the property transferred as the number of pupils in average daily membership of such town as defined in section 10-261 for the school year preceding that in which the plan is approved by the State Board of Education bears to the total number of such pupils in the participating towns.

(b) If the committee finds: (1) Establishment of the proposed regional school district is inadvisable, the State Board of Education shall, within thirty days of receipt of such report, send to the committee and the town clerk of each participating town a statement of its agreement or disagreement with the committee report and the reasons therefor. The town clerk shall make available copies of the report and the statement and publish notice thereof in a newspaper having general circulation in the town. Within thirty days after receipt of the statement of the State Board of Education, the committee shall present the report and statement to the legislative body of each participating town at a public meeting called for the purpose of acting thereon. The committee is dissolved upon presentation of its report to all participating towns; (2) establishment of a regional school district is advisable, the State Board of Education shall, within thirty days of the receipt of such report, determine whether the report contains the information described in subsection (a) of this section and shall, accordingly, accept or reject the recommendations of the committee. (A) If the recommendations are rejected, the State Board of Education shall advise the committee in writing of the reason for rejection. The committee may revise its recommendations and resubmit its report within thirty days of receipt of notice of the rejection and shall, in such case, file a copy of the amended report with the town clerk of each participating town. If the committee does not submit an amended plan or if the committee submits an amended plan which is rejected by the State Board of Education, the proposed regional school district shall not be established and the procedure in subdivision (1) of this subsection shall apply. (B) If the committee report is accepted, the State Board of Education shall certify to the town clerk in each of the participating towns that the committee recommendations have been approved and send a copy of such certification to the committee. The town clerk shall make available copies of the certified report and publish notice of the certification and availability of copies in a newspaper having general circulation in the town. Within thirty days after receipt of its copy of the certification, the committee shall hold a public meeting in each participating town to present the certified report. All participating towns shall hold a referendum on the same day in accordance with section 10-45. Upon completion of such referenda as may be held thereunder, the committee is dissolved.

(1951, 1955, S. 898d; 1963, P.A. 387, S. 2; February, 1965, P.A. 411, S. 2; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 5; P.A. 79-128, S. 32, 36; P.A. 96-244, S. 3, 63; P.A. 97-247, S. 10, 27.)

History: 1963 act provided for report to state board of education; 1965 act included statement of contents of reports and provided that committee be dissolved upon state board's action concerning referendum or after negative committee report rather than “when its work is completed”; 1969 act divided section into subsections, required semiannual progress reports rather than reports at committee's discretion, required written report to state board and town clerk rather than to townspeople, required negative report to include reasons for conclusions and required positive report to include elements provided previously plus statement of grade levels included, recommendations re size of school board and recommendations concerning capital contributions of participating towns, added Subsec. (b) concerning actions taken after report and deleted previous provisions concerning dissolution of committee; P.A. 79-128 substituted “pupils in average daily membership of such town as defined in section 10-261” for “pupils used to compute the grant to such town pursuant to section 10-262” in Subsec. (a); P.A. 96-244, in Subsec. (a), added alternative of use of the “negotiated valuation” of existing land and facilities and the alternative of use of the “negotiated value” of the property transferred, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-247 added requirement for the report to contain detailed educational and budget plans for at least a five-year period and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1997.

Cited. 169 C. 613.

Subsec. (a):

Study committee's report failed to meet statutory requirement that capital contribution of each town be based upon appraised value of land and facilities which each would contribute. 180 C. 464. Cited. 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24.

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Sec. 10-44. Disposition of committee records. Upon the dissolution of the committee after a referendum establishing a regional school district, the persons who served as secretary and treasurer of the committee shall transfer the original official records of the committee to the secretary of the regional board of education. Upon dissolution of the committee without the establishment of a regional school district, such persons shall transfer such records to the State Board of Education.

(1951, 1953, 1955, S. 899d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 6.)

History: 1969 act deleted requirement that records be deposited with town clerks of municipalities involved when district not established and required that records be filed with secretary of regional board after referendum.

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Sec. 10-45. Referendum on establishment of regional districts or addition or withdrawal of grades. (a) Upon receipt of a copy of the certificate of approval, the committee shall set the day on which referenda shall be held simultaneously in each of the participating towns to determine whether a regional school district shall be established as recommended. Such referenda shall be held between forty-five and ninety days from the date of such approval. In the case of a recommendation from a study committee or a regional board of education to add or withdraw grades from the regional school district pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of section 10-47b, such referenda shall be held between forty-five and ninety days from the date of such recommendation. The committee or regional board of education shall immediately notify the town clerk in each participating town of its decision. Upon receipt of such notice, the town clerk shall file the notice required by section 9-369a. The warning of such referenda shall be published, the vote taken and the results thereof canvassed and declared in the same manner as is provided for the election of officers of a town. The town clerk of each participating town shall certify the results of the referendum to the State Board of Education.

(b) The vote on the question shall be taken by a “yes” and “no” vote on the voting tabulator and the designation of the question on the voting tabulator ballot shall be “Shall a regional school district be established in accordance with the plan approved by the State Board of Education on .... (date)?” and the ballot used shall conform with the provisions of section 9-250. If the majority of the votes in each of the participating towns is affirmative, a regional school district composed of such towns is established and shall be numbered in accordance with the order of the incorporation of the districts.

(c) If the majority vote of one or more of such towns is negative, the committee or, in the case of a study committee's or a regional board of education's recommendation to add or withdraw grades from the regional school district pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of section 10-47b, the regional board of education shall determine the advisability of immediately submitting the question to referendum a second time. If the committee or regional board of education so recommends, the committee or board shall notify the town clerk in each participating town of its decision. Within thirty days after receipt of such notice, the legislative body of the town shall meet to act upon the committee or board recommendation. If the legislative body in each of the participating towns accepts the recommendation, a second referendum shall be held in each participating town in accordance with the provisions of this section. If the majority of votes cast in each town is affirmative, the regional school district is established and numbered accordingly or grades are added to or withdrawn from the regional school district, as applicable.

(1949 Rev., S. 1375; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 900d; 1953, S. 919d; 1963, P.A. 387, S. 3; February, 1965, P.A. 411, S. 3; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 7; P.A. 86-170, S. 8, 13; P.A. 87-320, S. 4; P.A. 08-169, S. 24; P.A. 11-20, S. 1.)

History: 1963 act added provision requiring state board to approve or disapprove committee recommendations within 30 days and requiring publication of state board's report in newspaper; 1965 act required committee to send report to state board within 10 days of its report to towns, replacing vague reference to the naming of towns where regional school should be located which contained no language requiring report to state board, and deleted provision for sending committee report and request for approval to state board after referendum; 1969 act virtually replaced previous provisions with new Subsecs. (a) to (c) concerning referendum vote and second vote if one or more towns has majority of negative votes; P.A. 86-170 required that ballot label designation be in form of question; P.A. 87-320 repealed clause prohibiting absentee voting in other than a special or regular election; P.A. 08-169 amended Subsecs. (a) and (c) to add provisions re study committee or board recommendation to add or withdraw grades, effective July 1, 2008; pursuant to P.A. 11-20, “machine” and “ballot label” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “tabulator” and “ballot”, respectively, in Subsec. (b), effective May 24, 2011.

District held at least de facto; any irregularities were validated by special act of legislature and no town has power to withdraw legislative authority. 134 C. 613. Cited. 157 C. 7; 169 C. 613.

Cited. 20 CS 158.

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Sec. 10-46. Regional board of education. (a) The affairs of the regional school district shall be administered by a regional board of education, which shall consist of not fewer than five members. Each member town shall elect at least one member. The committee report shall determine the number of members of such regional board and the representation of each town. The first members of such regional board of education shall be nominated and elected at a meeting of the legislative body of each town held within thirty days after the referendum creating the district. The regional board of education at its first meeting, called by the Commissioner of Education within ten days from the time the last member town to appoint members to the regional board has done so, shall organize and the members shall serve until their successors are elected and qualify. At such meeting, the board shall determine the term of office of each member according to the following principles: (1) The term of office of each successor shall be four years; (2) to establish a continuity of membership, a system of rotation shall be used; if the board has an even number of members, one-half of such number shall be elected every two years and if the board has an uneven number of members, no more than a bare majority or a bare minority shall be elected every two years, except when the unexpired portion of the term of a vacated office must be filled; (3) the same system of rotation shall be used for election of the representatives of each member town, if possible; (4) if necessary, it shall be determined by lot which of the initial members shall serve the short terms; (5) at the first election of members in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of this section, no more than half the offices held by initial board members shall be filled; (6) the offices held by the remaining initial board members shall be filled at the second election held in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of this section. Thereafter, members of the board shall be nominated and elected in their respective towns in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of this section as determined by the legislative body of each town.

(b) (1) At least thirty days before the expiration of the term of office of any board member, a town meeting shall be held in accordance with chapter 90 to nominate and elect a successor. Any person who is an elector of such town may vote at such meeting. If a vacancy occurs in the office of any member of the regional board of education, the town affected, at a town meeting called within thirty days from the beginning of such vacancy, shall nominate and elect a successor to serve for the unexpired portion of the term in accordance with the above procedure. (2) Where members of the regional school board are to be elected at-large under a plan for reapportionment recommended under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 10-63l, and approved under sections 10-63m and 10-63n, at least thirty days before the expiration of the term of office of any board member, a meeting of the voters of the entire regional school district shall be held to nominate and elect successors in accordance with subsection (e) of this section. Any person who is an elector of any member town may vote at such regional meeting. Vacancies shall be filled by a regional meeting called within thirty days from the beginning of such vacancy.

(c) Board members shall be nominated and elected in the same manner as town officers in accordance with the provisions of title 9 except that (1) section 9-167a and parts II and III of chapter 146 shall not apply, (2) the board members so elected shall take office in accordance with subsection (d) of this section and if members of the regional school board are elected at-large under a plan for reapportionment recommended under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 10-63l, and approved under sections 10-63m and 10-63n, a caucus of the voters of the entire regional school district shall be held to nominate candidates for election to the board in accordance with subsection (e) of this section. At such caucus, any person who is an elector of any member town may vote. If a vacancy occurs in the office of any member of the regional board of education, the legislative body of the town affected shall elect a successor to serve until the next general election, at which time a successor shall be elected to serve any unexpired portion of such term, except that if members are elected at-large, such successor shall be nominated and elected at a meeting of the entire regional school district held as provided in subsection (b) of this section.

(d) All members of a regional board of education, except those members regularly elected in the month of May, shall take office on the first day of the month following their election. Those members of a regional board of education regularly elected in the month of May shall take office on the first day of July. Such board shall hold an organizational meeting in the month following the last election of members thereof held in the member towns in any calendar year at which time the board shall elect by ballot from its membership a chairperson, a secretary, a treasurer and any other officer deemed necessary and may annually thereafter elect such officers. In the case of a tie vote in the balloting for any officer, such tie shall be broke by lot. The treasurer shall give bond to the regional board of education in an amount determined by the members thereof. The cost of such bond shall be borne by the district.

(e) Each regional school district meeting and caucus held pursuant to subsection (b) and (c) of this section shall be conducted in accordance with standard parliamentary practice. A moderator shall be chosen to preside over such meeting or caucus. A majority of those present and eligible to vote at such meeting or caucus shall determine the manner in which any vote shall be taken. The moderator shall certify all results of such meeting or caucus to the secretary of the state who shall then officially notify each town within the regional school district of the result.

(1949 Rev., S. 1376; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 901d; February, 1965, P.A. 470; 1967, P.A. 333, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 8; 1971, P.A. 679, S. 1; P.A. 75-644, S. 11, 14; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-124, S. 1–4; 78-218, S. 33; P.A. 82-184, S. 1, 2.)

History: 1965 act allowed initial regional board to serve until each member town has held a regular election rather than “until the first meeting in July next succeeding”, deleted references to one and three-year terms of office, provided that not more than a bare majority of terms on odd-numbered board expire in any one year and made nomination and election the same as for town board of education members unless done in special town meeting by ordinance; 1967 act returned section to provisions existing before 1965 act except that provisions for two or four year terms were deleted as was provision for half of terms expiring in one year for even-numbered board memberships; 1969 act divided section into subsections, made size of board and representation of towns determined in final committee report rather than by joint vote of town boards comprising district, made secretary of state board responsible for calling first meeting rather than the chairman of the study committee, provided complex guidelines for determining terms of initial members and added Subsecs. (b) to (d) regarding election of members after first appointed members' terms expire; 1971 act amended Subsec. (d) to provide for annual election of officers; P.A. 75-644 deleted provision limiting boards to not more than nine members; P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-124 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) to allow nominations and elections of members at-large and added Subsec. (e) re meetings and caucuses for nomination and election of members at-large; P.A. 78-218 substituted “chairperson” for “chairman” in Subsec. (d); P.A. 82-184 provided that board members regularly elected in May shall take office in July, rather than one month following their election where previously all members, regardless of election date, took office one month following the election.

Cited. 134 C. 619; 141 C. 401; 169 C. 613.

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Sec. 10-46a. Transfer of responsibility to regional board. The regional board of education shall, after consultation with the local boards of education in the towns comprising the regional school district, determine the time and method by which the responsibility of conducting the educational program shall be transferred to the regional board of education, provided such transfer shall be completed within two years of the date of the organizational meeting of the regional board of education. When, in accordance with this section or section 10-47b, a regional board of education assumes the responsibility for administration of all programs which are provided in the member towns and are under the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education, the local boards of education are dissolved.

(1969, P.A. 698, S. 9; P.A. 78-218, S. 34.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” boards of education.

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Sec. 10-47. Powers of regional board. Meetings. Regional boards of education shall have all the powers and duties conferred upon boards of education by the general statutes not inconsistent with the provisions of this part. Such boards may purchase, lease or rent property for school purposes and, as part of the purchase price may assume and agree to pay any bonds or other capital indebtedness issued by a town for any land and buildings so purchased; shall perform all acts required to implement the plan of the committee for the transfer of property from the participating towns to the regional school district and may build, add to or equip schools for the benefit of the towns comprising the district. Such boards may receive gifts of real and personal property for the purposes of the regional school districts. The regional school district annual meeting shall be the district meeting at which the annual budget is first presented for adoption and shall be held the first Monday or the first Tuesday in May. The boards may convene special district meetings when they deem it necessary. District meetings shall be warned and conducted in the same manner as are town meetings. For such purposes, the chairperson of the board shall have the duties of the board of selectmen and the secretary shall have the duties of the town clerk.

(1949 Rev., S. 1377; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 902d; November, 1955, S. N117; 1963, P.A. 444, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 113, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 10; P.A. 73-539; P.A. 78-218, S. 35.)

History: 1963 act provided for discontinuing grades and clarified referendum vote needed to effect a change; 1967 act allowed board to accept gifts of real and personal property for purposes of the district; 1969 act simplified wording of provisions, added requirement that board perform all acts necessary in transfer of property from towns to regional district, deleted provisions concerning school bus purchases and inclusion of discontinuance of grades by referendum, and added provisions concerning annual and special district meetings; P.A. 73-539 allowed annual meeting to be held on first Tuesday as well as first Monday in May; P.A. 78-218 substituted “chairperson” for “chairman”.

See Sec. 10-220c re school boards' authorization of vehicle operators to transport children over private roads.

See Sec. 10-241a re school boards' power to take land by eminent domain.

Cited. 169 C. 613.

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Sec. 10-47a. Withdrawal of grades. Section 10-47a is repealed.

(1963, P.A. 444, S. 2; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 27.)

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Sec. 10-47b. Addition or withdrawal of grades. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, any regional school district which does not include all elementary and secondary grades may add or withdraw grades in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (1) or, if applicable, subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(1) Any regional board of education in a school district which does not include all elementary and secondary school grades may recommend a study of the advisability of the addition to or withdrawal of grades from the regional school district or, upon the request of two or more of the town boards of education of the member towns, shall recommend such a study to the chairmen of the town boards of education and chairmen of the boards of finance or other such fiscal authorities in each town affected. Within thirty days of receipt of such recommendation, such chairmen shall each appoint one of the members of their boards and the chairman of the regional board of education shall appoint one member of the regional board from each member town to a study committee. The Commissioner of Education shall appoint a consultant to the study committee. The study committee shall proceed in the same manner as the temporary regional school study committee except that the expenses of the committee shall be borne by the regional school district and shall not exceed three dollars times the number of pupils in average daily membership of such town and regional school districts as defined in section 10-261 and the committee shall submit its report to the participating towns no later than one year from the date of its organizational meeting. If the committee recommends a plan for addition to or withdrawal of grades from the regional school district and the referenda held in the manner provided in section 10-45 result in an affirmative vote in the regional school district as a whole, the participating towns shall implement the plan.

(2) Any regional board of education in a school district which does not include all elementary and secondary school grades and has a total of three member towns, each with a population between three thousand and seven thousand five hundred persons pursuant to subdivision (27) of section 10-262f and a combined population for such towns of at least ten thousand persons, but fewer than twenty thousand persons may recommend and develop a plan for the addition to or withdrawal of grades from the regional school district or, upon the request of two or more of the town boards of education of the member towns, may make such recommendation and develop such a plan. If the regional board of education recommends a plan for addition to or withdrawal of grades from the regional school district, referenda shall be held in the manner provided in section 10-45. If such referenda results in an affirmative vote in the regional school district as a whole, the participating towns shall implement the plan.

(b) The procedures in subsection (a) of this section shall not be used to dissolve a regional school district, but may be used to empower the regional school district to administer all programs which are provided in the member towns and are under the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education. In such case, if the vote in each member town affirms the expansion, the town boards of education in such member towns shall be dissolved in accordance with section 10-46a. If the vote is not affirmative in all the member towns, but is affirmative in a majority of such towns, the towns voting in favor of such expansion may initiate a study of the feasibility of establishing a regional school district to administer all programs which are provided in such towns and are under the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education. Such study shall be initiated and conducted pursuant to sections 10-39 through 10-45. In such case, the study may be made forthwith without using the procedures for withdrawal of a town or dissolution of a regional school district provided in sections 10-63a through 10-63c. If a second regional school district is so established by referenda, the first regional school district shall be dissolved. The State Board of Education shall make the relevant determinations required by section 10-63c for such dissolution of an existing regional school district. The assets apportioned to the member towns of the new regional school district may be transferred directly to said district. If secondary schools are among the assets so transferred to the new regional district, said district shall accept applications from the remaining school districts for admission of secondary students for a tuition based on per pupil cost for a period of at least three years after the dissolution. The State Board of Education may withhold from the next grant paid pursuant to section 10-262i to the town or regional school districts so established an amount equal to the proportionate share to be borne by each such district of the cost of the services rendered by said state board during the dissolution of the regional school district.

(1969, P.A. 698, S. 11; 1971, P.A. 679, S. 2; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 79-128, S. 33, 36; P.A. 89-124, S. 9, 13; P.A. 08-169, S. 23.)

History: 1971 act amended Subsec. (b) to add provisions concerning establishment of regional district by towns voting affirmatively in referendum on expansion when affirmative vote is not unanimous; P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 79-128 substituted “pupils in average daily membership ... as defined in section 10-261” for “pupils used to compute the grants ... pursuant to section 10-262” in Subsec. (a) and substituted Sec. “10-262c” for Sec. “10-262” in Subsec. (b); P.A. 89-124 in Subsec. (b) substituted reference to Sec. 10-262i for reference to Sec. 10-262c which was repealed by Sec. 8 of public act 88-358; P.A. 08-169 amended Subsec. (a) to add language re districts that do not include all grades, designate existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and add Subdiv. (2) re alternate procedure to add or withdraw grades, effective July 1, 2008.

Cited. 169 C. 613; 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24.

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Sec. 10-47c. Amendment of plan. With the exception of the terms which pertain to the capital contribution of member towns, the transfer of property to the regional school district, the grades included, the size of the board of education and the representation of each town on the board and the towns to be served by the regional school district, the terms of the plan approved through referenda pursuant to section 10-45 may be amended as follows: If a regional board of education finds it advisable to amend the plan or if the legislative body of a town served by the regional board of education requests amendment of such plan, the regional board of education shall prepare a report on the proposed amendment, including the question to be presented, file a copy with the Commissioner of Education and the clerk of each member town and make copies of such report available to the public at a district meeting called to present the plan. After such public hearing, the board shall set the date for referenda which shall be held simultaneously in each member town between the hours of six a.m. and eight p.m. At least thirty days before the date of the referenda, the regional board of education shall notify the town clerk in each member town to call the referendum on the specified date to vote on the specified question. The warning of such referenda shall be published, the vote taken and the results thereof canvassed and declared in the same manner as is provided for the election of officers of a town. The town clerk of each town shall certify the vote of the town to the regional board of education and the Commissioner of Education. If the majority vote in each town of the district is in favor of the proposed amendment to the plan, such amendment shall take effect immediately.

(1969, P.A. 698, S. 12; P.A. 78-218, S. 36; P.A. 88-360, S. 4, 63; P.A. 90-156, S. 9; P.A. 91-303, S. 14, 22; P.A. 96-244, S. 5, 63.)

History: P.A. 78-218 made technical change; P.A. 88-360 provided that the town clerk certify the vote of the town to the state board of education; P.A. 90-156 repealed provision prohibiting absentee voting in “other than a special or regular election”; P.A. 91-303 added the exception for the size of the board of education and the representation of each town on the board; P.A. 96-244 substituted “Commissioner” for “State Board” of Education, effective July 1, 1996.

Cited. 169 C. 613. Proposal to consolidate three separate elementary schools into a single school, thereby eliminating elementary schools in two towns, is not an incidental change to the regional school plan and constitutes an amendment to the plan under section; conclusion in 169 C. 613 that section applies only to amendments that directly affect voting rights of electors, and its function in light of Sec. 10-56, reversed. 292 C. 784.

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Secs. 10-48 and 10-49. Relocation of site. Site in town outside district. Sections 10-48 and 10-49 are repealed.

(1953, S. 903d, 904d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 27.)

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Sec. 10-49a. Site in town outside district. Any school district may acquire real property upon which to build a school in a town not within such school district, provided such town approves such acquisition by referendum. Those eligible to vote at town meetings under section 7-6 shall be eligible to vote on such question. Any school district proposing to acquire such property shall so notify the town clerk of the town in which such property is located, and such town shall hold a referendum within sixty days after receipt of such notice. The school district giving such notice shall bear the cost of such referendum.

(1969, P.A. 698, S. 25.)

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Sec. 10-50. Admission of adjacent town to district. Section 10-50 is repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 1375; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 905d; 1953, S. 919d; February, 1965, P.A. 411, S. 4; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 27.)

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Sec. 10-51. Fiscal year. Budget. Payments by member towns; adjustments to payments. Investment of funds. Temporary borrowing. Reserve funds. (a) The fiscal year of a regional school district shall be July first to June thirtieth. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, not less than two weeks before the annual meeting held pursuant to section 10-47, the board shall hold a public district meeting to present a proposed budget for the next fiscal year. Any public district meeting held pursuant to this section may be accessible to the public by means of electronic equipment or by means of electronic equipment in conjunction with an in-person meeting, in accordance with the provisions of section 1-225a. Any person may recommend the inclusion or deletion of expenditures at such time. After the public hearing, the board shall prepare an annual budget for the next fiscal year, make available on request copies thereof and deliver a reasonable number to the town clerk of each of the towns in the district at least five days before the annual meeting. At the annual meeting on the first Monday in May, the board shall present a budget which includes a statement of (1) estimated receipts and expenditures for the next fiscal year, (2) estimated receipts and expenditures for the current fiscal year, (3) estimated surplus or deficit in operating funds at the end of the current fiscal year, (4) bonded or other debt, (5) estimated per pupil expenditure for the current and for the next fiscal year, and (6) such other information as is necessary in the opinion of the board. Persons present and eligible to vote under section 7-6 may accept or reject the proposed budget except as provided below. No person who is eligible to vote in more than one town in the regional school district is eligible to cast more than one vote on any issue considered at a regional school district meeting or referendum held pursuant to this section. Any person who violates this section by fraudulently casting more than one vote or ballot per issue shall be fined not more than three thousand five hundred dollars and shall be imprisoned not more than two years and shall be disenfranchised. The regional board of education may, in the call to the meeting, designate that the vote on the motion to adopt the budget shall be by paper ballots at the district meeting held on the budget or by a “yes” or “no” vote on the voting tabulators in each of the member towns on the day following the district meeting. If submitted to a vote by voting tabulator, questions may be included on the ballot for persons voting “no” to indicate whether the budget is too high or too low, provided the vote on such questions shall be for advisory purposes only and not binding upon the board. Two hundred or more persons qualified to vote in any regional district meeting called to adopt a budget may petition the regional board, in writing, at least three days prior to such meeting, requesting that any item or items on the call of such meeting be submitted to the persons qualified to vote in the meeting for a vote by paper ballot or on the voting tabulators in each of the member towns on the day following the district meeting and in accordance with the appropriate procedures provided in section 7-7. If a majority of such persons voting reject the budget, the board shall, within four weeks thereafter and upon notice of not less than one week, call a district meeting to consider the same or an amended budget. Such meetings shall be convened at such intervals until a budget is approved. If the budget is not approved before the beginning of a fiscal year, the disbursing officer for each member town, or the designee of such officer, shall make necessary expenditures to such district in amounts equal to the total of the town's appropriation to the district for the previous year and the town's proportionate share in any increment in debt service over the previous fiscal year, pursuant to section 7-405 until the budget is approved. The town shall receive credit for such expenditures once the budget is approved for the fiscal year. After the budget is approved, the board shall estimate the share of the net expenses to be paid by each member town in accordance with subsection (b) of this section and notify the treasurer thereof. With respect to adoption of a budget for the period from the organization of the board to the beginning of the first full fiscal year, the board may use the above procedure at any time within such period. If the board needs to submit a supplementary budget, the general procedure specified in this section shall be used.

(b) For the purposes of this section, “net expenses” means estimated expenditures, including estimated capital expenditures, less estimated receipts as presented in a regional school district budget. On the date or dates fixed by the board, each town in the district shall pay a share of the cost of capital outlay, including costs for school building projects under chapter 173, and current expenditures necessary for the operation of the district. The board shall determine the amount to be paid by each member town as follows: (1) In an amount that bears the same ratio to the net expenses of the district as the number of pupils resident in such town in average daily membership in the regional school district during the preceding school year bears to the total number of such pupils in all the member towns, provided that the board may recalculate such amount based on the number of pupils in average daily membership in the regional school district for the current school year and may adjust each member town's payment to the regional school district for the following fiscal year by the difference between the last such payment and the recalculated amount, or (2) in an amount established pursuant to an agreement, approved by the State Board of Education, among such member towns, provided if the payment by any such member town deviates in an amount that is greater than or equal to one per cent of the amount established in such agreement, the state board shall review and may approve or reject such deviation. Until the regional school district has been in operation for one year, such amounts shall be based on the average daily membership of pupils in like grades from each of such towns at any school at which children were in attendance at the expense of such towns during the preceding school year or in accordance with the provisions of the agreement between the member towns described in subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(c) The board shall deposit or invest temporarily any funds which are not needed immediately for the operation of the school district as permitted in section 7-400 or 7-402. Any income derived from such deposits or investments shall be used at least semiannually to reduce the net expenses. The board shall use any budget appropriation which has not been expended by the end of the fiscal year to reduce the net expenses of the district for the following fiscal year. The board may borrow funds temporarily and issue notes or other obligations, and pay interest thereon, in anticipation of payments to be made to it by a member town or the state, for the operation of its schools. Such notes or obligations shall be authorized by resolution of the board, and shall be general obligations of the regional school district and its member towns. The date, maturity, interest rate, form, manner of sale and other terms of such notes or other obligations shall be determined by the board or any officer or body to whom the board delegates authority to make such determinations. Such notes may be renewed from time to time, provided all such notes shall mature and be payable no later than the end of the fiscal year during which such member town or state payments are payable.

(d) (1) Prior to June 7, 2006, upon the recommendation and the approval of a majority of members on the board, a regional board of education may create a reserve fund to finance a specific capital improvement or the acquisition of any specific piece of equipment. Such fund shall thereafter be termed “reserve fund for specific capital improvements or equipment purchases”. No annual appropriation to such fund shall exceed one per cent of the annual district budget. Appropriations to such fund shall be included in the share of net expenses to be paid by each member town until the fund established pursuant to this subdivision is discontinued. The board shall annually submit a complete and detailed report of the condition of such fund to the member towns. Such fund may be discontinued, after recommendation by the board and approval by the board, and any amounts held in the fund shall be transferred to the general fund of the district.

(2) On and after June 7, 2006, a regional board of education, by a majority vote of its members, may create a reserve fund for capital and nonrecurring expenditures. Such fund shall thereafter be termed “reserve fund for capital and nonrecurring expenditures”. The aggregate amount of annual and supplemental appropriations by a district to such fund shall not exceed two per cent of the annual district budget for such fiscal year. Annual appropriations to such fund shall be included in the share of net expenses to be paid by each member town. Supplemental appropriations to such fund may be made from estimated fiscal year end surplus in operating funds. Interest and investment earnings received with respect to amounts held in the fund shall be credited to such fund. The board shall annually submit a complete and detailed report of the condition of such fund to the member towns. Upon the recommendation and approval by the regional board of education, any part or the whole of such fund may be used for capital and nonrecurring expenditures, but such use shall be restricted to the funding of all or part of the planning, construction, reconstruction or acquisition of any specific capital improvement or the acquisition of any specific item of equipment. Upon the approval of any such expenditure an appropriation shall be set up, plainly designated for the project or acquisition for which it has been authorized, and such unexpended appropriation may be continued until such project or acquisition is completed. Any unexpended portion of such appropriation remaining after such completion shall revert to said fund. If any authorized appropriation is set up pursuant to the provisions of this subsection and through unforeseen circumstances the completion of the project or acquisition for which such appropriation has been designated is impossible to attain the board, by a majority vote of its members, may terminate such appropriation which then shall no longer be in effect. Such fund may be discontinued, after the recommendation and approval by the regional board of education, and any amounts held in the fund shall be transferred to the general fund of the district.

(1949 Rev., S. 1378; 1951, 1953, S. 906d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 13; 1971, P.A. 679, S. 3, 4; P.A. 81-188; P.A. 83-82, S. 1, 2; 83-309, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-255, S. 6, 21; 84-476, S. 1, 2; P.A. 92-262, S. 7, 42; P.A. 93-158, S. 5, 11; P.A. 94-245, S. 20, 46; P.A. 95-282, S. 5, 11; P.A. 96-244, S. 38, 63; P.A. 01-173, S. 9, 67; P.A. 04-117, S. 3; P.A. 06-192, S. 4; P.A. 11-20, S. 1; P.A. 13-258, S. 10; P.A. 15-215, S. 20; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 363; P.A. 22-3, S. 2.)

History: 1969 act added Subsec. (a) concerning budget adoption procedure, defined “net expenses” in Subsec. (b) and incorporated former provisions in Subsec. (b) in newly simplified wording and added Subsec. (c) concerning investment of funds and use of proceeds to reduce net expenses; 1971 act expanded voting provisions in Subsec. (a) to include provisions concerning fraudulent voting and voting by machine and amended Subsec. (c) to permit temporary borrowing by board; P.A. 81-188 added proviso in Subsec. (b) re recalculation of town's payment; P.A. 83-82 and 83-309 amended Subsec. (a) allowing all regional school districts to designate in the call to the meeting that vote on motion to adopt budget shall be by paper ballot or vote on machines where previously only districts comprised of four or more towns could do so; P.A. 84-255 amended Subsec. (a) clarifying that the vote on the motion to adopt the budget shall be by paper ballots at the district meeting held on the budget or by a “yes” or “no” vote on the voting machines in each of the member towns on the day following the district meeting; P.A. 84-476 added new Subsec. (d) re creation of a reserve fund to finance a specific capital improvement or the acquisition of any specific piece of equipment; P.A. 92-262 amended Subsec. (a) to add the provisions concerning a vote by voting machine; P.A. 93-158 amended Subsec. (c) by authorizing board to issue and pay interest on notes and other obligations and adding provision specifying that notes or obligations issued in anticipation of payment shall be obligations of the district and its members, effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 94-245 amended Subsec. (a) to change the time frame for the board to call a district meeting if a budget is rejected from “two” to “four” weeks, effective June 2, 1994; P.A. 95-282 made technical changes in Subsec. (c), effective July 6, 1995, provided “any designation of a depository of public funds of the state or any municipality or regional school district, and any prescription of the method of supervision of the investment and reinvestment of trust funds of a municipality, made in accordance with the applicable provisions of sections 4-33, 7-401, 7-402, 7-403, subsection (c) of section 10-52 or subsection (d) of section 10-56 in effect on or before July 6, 1995, shall remain in effect until rescinded or otherwise modified in accordance with the provisions of public act 95-282” (Revisor's note: The reference to “section 10-52” appears to be a clerical error since Subsec. (c) of Sec. 10-51 was amended by Sec. 5 of P.A. 95-282); P.A. 96-244 revised effective date section of P.A. 95-282 but without affecting this section; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (b) to redefine “net expenses” to include estimated capital expenditures, and to include costs for school building projects in capital outlay, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 04-117 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change and to authorize necessary expenditures by the disbursing officer for each member town of a regional school district if the budget is not approved before the beginning of a fiscal year, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 06-192 amended Subsec. (d) by designating existing language as Subdiv. (1) and amending same by allowing for termination of existing reserve fund and by adding new Subdiv. (2) re reserve fund for capital and nonrecurring expenditures, effective June 7, 2006; pursuant to P.A. 11-20, “machine” and “machines” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “tabulator” and “tabulators”, respectively, in Subsec. (a), effective May 24, 2011; P.A. 13-258 amended Subsec. (a) to change fine for fraudulently casting more than one vote or ballot per issue from not less than $300 or more than $500 to not more than $3,500, and imprisonment for same from not less than one year or more than two years to not more than two years; P.A. 15-215 amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provision re determination of amount to be paid by each member town as Subdiv. (1), adding Subdiv. (2) re amount established pursuant to an agreement among member towns and making technical and conforming changes, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (d)(2) by replacing “one per cent” with “two per cent”, effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 22-3 amended Subsec. (a) re the conduct of public district meetings by means of, or in conjunction with, electronic equipment.

See Sec. 7-380b re issuance of bonds, notes or other obligations authorized before June 23, 1993.

Cited. 141 C. 401.

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Sec. 10-51a. Petition to determine deficiency in town payment. If any town which is a member of a regional school district fails to include in its annual town budget appropriations for any year the amount necessary for payment of its proportionate share of the annual budget of such regional school district, as required by section 10-51 or section 5 of number 405 of the special acts of 1959, ten or more taxable inhabitants of a town within such school district, a majority of the board of selectmen of any such town, the Attorney General, a holder or owner of bonds or notes of such regional school district, the board of education of such regional school district or the State Board of Education may petition the Superior Court to determine the amount of the alleged deficiency. If the court finds such deficiency to exist, it shall order such town, through its treasurer, selectmen and assessor, to provide a sum of money equal to such deficiency, together with a sum of money equal to twenty-five per cent thereof. The amount of the deficiency shall be paid by the town to the regional school district as soon as it is available; the additional sum of twenty-five per cent shall be kept in a separate account by such town and shall be applied toward payment of such town's share of the annual budget of the regional school district in the following year. If such order is made prior to the fixing of the annual tax rate of such town, such tax rate shall be adjusted to cover the sums included in such order. If such order is made after the fixing of the annual tax rate of such town, the sums included in such order shall be provided by the town from any available cash surplus, from any contingent fund, from borrowing, through a rate bill under the provisions of section 12-123 or from any combination thereof. Any borrowing to meet such deficiency shall be made by the town treasurer, with the approval of a majority of the selectmen, and no vote of the town shall be required therefor. Such borrowed amount shall be included in the estimated expenses of the town in the tax levy for the next fiscal year. Petitions brought to the Superior Court under the provisions of this section shall be privileged in respect to their assignment for hearing.

(1961, P.A. 114, S. 1.)

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Sec. 10-51b. Reserve fund for employee sick leave and severance benefits. A regional board of education, by a majority vote of its members, may create a reserve fund for accrued liabilities for employee sick leave and severance benefits. Such fund shall thereafter be termed “reserve fund for employee sick leave and severance benefits”. The aggregate amount of annual and supplemental appropriations by a district to such fund in any one fiscal year shall not exceed the actuarially recommended contribution from the annual district budget for such fiscal year. No payments shall be made to the fund which will cause the amount of such fund to exceed the accrued liability for such employee benefits as determined by the district's annual financial statements, except for the addition of interest and investment earnings with respect to amounts held in the fund. Annual appropriations to such fund shall be included in the share of net expenses to be paid by each member town. Supplemental appropriations to such fund may be made from estimated fiscal year end surplus in operating funds. Interest and investment earnings received with respect to amounts held in the fund shall be credited to such fund. The board shall annually submit a complete and detailed report of the condition of such fund to the member towns. Upon the approval of the board, by a majority vote of its members, any part or the whole of such fund may be used for the payment of employee sick leave and severance benefits without further appropriation. Such fund may be discontinued, after recommendation by the board and approval by the board, and any amounts held in the fund shall be transferred to the general fund of the district.

(P.A. 06-192, S. 5.)

History: P.A. 06-192 effective June 7, 2006.

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Sec. 10-51c. Finance committee. A regional board of education may establish a finance committee for the regional school district. The finance committee shall provide information to the regional board of education concerning local budget issues of the member towns, and any assistance requested by the regional board of education in the preparation of the proposed budget for the regional school district, pursuant to section 10-51. The local board of education for each member town, or the legislative body of a member town in which there is no local board of education for such member town, shall appoint two representatives to the finance committee.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 156.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 effective October 31, 2017.

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Sec. 10-52. Adult education. A regional district may provide adult education for the towns in the district in accordance with sections 10-67 to 10-70, inclusive, and shall be eligible for reimbursements for adult education programs in accordance with sections 10-67 and 10-71. Any balance of the cost of such adult education shall be prorated among and paid by the towns on the basis of the clock hour pupil attendance from each town. The regional board of education shall charge tuition for any student from outside the regional school district who participates in the adult education program.

(1951, 1955, S. 907d.)

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Sec. 10-53. Application of education statutes. All provisions of the general statutes relating to public education, including those providing state grants-in-aid, shall apply to each town belonging to a regional school district, provided, if the board of education of any regional school district provides transportation to a regional school, such district shall be reimbursed by the state as provided in section 10-54.

(1951, S. 908d; 1967, P.A. 473, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 14; P.A. 79-128, S. 5, 34, 36.)

History: 1967 act added proviso concerning additional grants for towns in regional districts which have program consisting of kindergarten through twelfth grade; 1969 act made additional grants to district rather than towns within it and substituted “empowered to provide ... all programs under the general supervision and control of the state board of education” for “furnishing an educational program including kindergarten through grade twelve”; P.A. 79-128 deleted provision for additional grants to districts.

Cited. 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24.

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Sec. 10-54. Transportation grants. Any local or regional school district which transports pupils to a regional school and any regional school district which transports pupils attending any other school in lieu of that provided by such district in accordance with approval by the regional board of education pursuant to section 10-55 shall be reimbursed by the state for such pupil transportation in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-97 and 10-266m. At the close of each school year any local or regional board of education which provides such transportation shall file an application for such reimbursement on a form to be provided by the State Board of Education. Payments shall be made as soon as possible after the close of each fiscal year.

(1951, S. 909d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 15; P.A. 78-218, S. 37; 78-272, S. 4, 6; P.A. 79-128, S. 26, 36; P.A. 86-71, S. 4, 11.)

History: 1969 act included in reimbursement provision regional districts which transport students attending schools other than those provided by district; P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” boards of education; P.A. 78-272 changed amount of reimbursement from one-half to 55% of transportation cost; P.A. 79-128 changed reimbursement from 55% of cost to reimbursement in accordance with Secs. 10-266m and 10-266n; P.A. 86-71 deleted the reference to Sec. 10-266n which was repealed and added the reference to Sec. 10-97.

Cited. 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24.

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Sec. 10-55. Pupils to attend regional school. No pupil from any town belonging to a regional school district shall, at the expense of such town, attend any other school in lieu of that provided by said district except a technical education and career school operated by the Technical Education and Career System established pursuant to section 10-95 approved by the State Board of Education, unless his attendance at such other school is approved by the regional board of education.

(1949 Rev., S. 1380; 1951, S. 910d; P.A. 12-116, S. 87; P.A. 17-237, S. 48; P.A. 22-118, S. 272.)

History: Pursuant to P.A. 12-116, “vocational school” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “technical high school”, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 17-237 replaced “technical high school” with “technical education and career school”, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 22-118 added “operated by the Technical Education and Career System established pursuant to section 10-95”, effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-56. Corporate powers. Bond issues. (a) A regional school district shall be a body politic and corporate with power to sue and be sued; to purchase, receive, hold and convey real and personal property for school purposes; and to build, equip, purchase, rent, maintain or expand schools. Such district may issue bonds, notes or other obligations in the name and upon the full faith and credit of such district and the member towns to acquire land, prepare sites, purchase or erect buildings and equip the same for school purposes, if so authorized by referendum. Such referendum shall be conducted in accordance with the procedure provided in section 10-47c except that any person entitled to vote under section 7-6 may vote and the question shall be determined by the majority of those persons voting in the regional school district as a whole. The exercise of any or all of the powers set forth in this section shall not be construed to be an amendment of a regional plan pursuant to said section 10-47c. A regional board of education may expend any premium in connection with such issue, interest on the proceeds of such issue or unused portion of such issue to add to the land or buildings erected or purchased and for the purchasing and installing of equipment for the same. Such bonds, notes or other obligations shall be issued as either serial or term bonds or both, in registered form or with coupons attached, registrable as to principal and interest or as to principal alone, shall be signed by the chairman and the treasurer of the regional board of education and shall mature at such time or times, or contain provisions for mandatory amortization of principal at such time or times, be issued at such discount or bear interest at such rate or rates payable at such time or times, or contain provisions for the method or manner of determining such rate or rates or time or times at which interest is payable, and contain such provisions for redemption before maturity at the option of the issuer or at the option of the holder thereof at such price or prices and under such terms and conditions as shall be determined by such board, or by such officer or body to whom the regional board of education delegates the authority to make such determinations, provided that any serial bonds, notes or other obligations shall be so arranged to mature in annual or semiannual installments of principal that shall substantially equalize the aggregate amount of principal and interest due in each annual period commencing with the first annual period in which an installment of principal is due or maturing in annual or semiannual installments of principal no one of which shall exceed by more than fifty per cent the amount of any prior installment, and any term bonds, notes or other obligations, shall be issued with mandatory deposit of sinking fund payments into a sinking fund of amounts sufficient to redeem or amortize the principal of the bonds in annual or semiannual installments that shall substantially equalize the aggregate amount of principal redeemed or amortized and interest due in each annual period commencing with the first annual period in which a mandatory sinking fund payment becomes due, or sufficient to redeem or amortize the principal of the bonds in annual or semiannual installments no one of which shall exceed by more than fifty per cent the amount of any installment. The first installment of any series of bonds shall mature or the first sinking fund payment of any series of bonds shall be due not later than three years from the date of issue of such series and the last installment of such series shall mature or the last sinking fund payment of such series shall be due not later than twenty years therefrom for any grant commitment authorized by the General Assembly pursuant to chapter 173 prior to July 1, 1996, and not later than thirty years therefrom for any grant commitment authorized by the General Assembly pursuant to said chapter on or after July 1, 1996. Such bonds, notes or other obligations when executed, issued and delivered, shall be general obligations of such district and the member towns, according to their terms.

(b) “Annual receipts from taxation” means the receipts from taxation of the member towns for the fiscal year next preceding the beginning of the current fiscal year of such regional school district. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 7-374, any regional school district may assume bonds, notes or other obligations of any member town as part of the purchase price of any property for school purposes or issue bonds, notes or other obligations, provided the aggregate indebtedness of such district shall not exceed: (1) In the case of a regional school district serving the same towns as are served by two or more town school districts, two and one-quarter times the annual receipts from taxation or (2) in the case of a regional school district empowered to provide for the member towns all programs under the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education, four and one-half times such annual receipts from taxation. Any regional school district may issue additional bonds, notes or other obligations in an amount not to exceed three and one-half times such annual receipts from taxation less the aggregate indebtedness computed in accordance with section 7-374, for the member towns of such district. In computing the aggregate indebtedness of a regional school district for purposes of this section and section 7-374 there shall be excluded each bond, note or other evidence of indebtedness issued in anticipation of the receipt of (A) payments by a member town or the state for the operation of such district's schools and (B) proceeds from any state or federal grant for which the district has received a written commitment or for which an allocation has been approved by the State Bond Commission or from a contract with the state, a state agency or another municipality providing for the reimbursement of capital costs but only to the extent such indebtedness can be paid from such proceeds.

(c) When a district has been authorized to issue general obligation bonds, notes or other obligations as provided by this section, the board may authorize, for a period not to exceed ten years, the issue of temporary notes in anticipation of the receipt of the proceeds from the sale of such bonds. Notes issued for a shorter period of time may be renewed by the issue of other notes, provided the period from the date of the original notes to the maturity of the last notes issued in renewal thereof shall not exceed ten years. The term of such notes shall not be included in computing the time within which such bonds shall mature, provided such term does not exceed four years. For any series of notes the term of which is extended past the fourth year, the provisions of section 7-378a providing for the retirement from budgeted funds of one-twentieth, or one-thirtieth, as applicable, of the net project cost, the reduction of the term of the bonds when sold and the commencement of the first principal payment of such bonds, shall apply with respect to each year beyond the fourth that the notes are outstanding. The provisions of section 7-373 shall be deemed to apply to such notes. The board, or such officer or body to whom the board delegates the authority to make such determinations, shall determine the date, maturity, interest rate, form, manner of sale and other terms of such notes which shall be general obligations of the regional school district and member towns. Such notes may bear interest or be sold at a discount. The interest or discount on such notes and any renewals thereof and the expense of preparing, issuing and marketing them may be included as a part of the cost of the project for the financing of which such bonds were authorized. Upon the sale of such bonds, the board shall apply immediately the proceeds thereof, to the extent required, to the payment of the principal and interest of all notes issued in anticipation thereof or deposit the proceeds in trust for such purpose with a bank or trust company, which may be the bank or trust company, if any, at which such notes are payable.

(d) Subject to the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, the board may deposit or invest the proceeds of bonds, notes or other obligations as permitted in section 7-400 or 7-402.

(1949 Rev., S. 1381; 1951, 1955, S. 911d; 1953, S. 919d; November, 1955, S. N118; February, 1965, P.A. 7; 1967, P.A. 626, S. 2; 674; 1969, P.A. 132, S. 2; 698, S. 16; P.A. 74-239, S. 1, 2; P.A. 86-350, S. 17, 28; P.A. 87-506, S. 7, 9; P.A. 89-337, S. 4, 6.; P.A. 93-158, S. 6, 11; P.A. 95-282, S. 6, 11; P.A. 96-244, S. 38, 63; P.A. 99-97, S. 3, 6; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-6, S. 33; P.A. 07-87, S. 3, 4; Nov. 24 Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-2, S. 4.)

History: 1965 act allowed regional school districts to redeem bonds by issuing new one; 1967 acts replaced one year limit on original and renewal notes with two-year limit; 1969 acts increased maturity limit on renewal notes for notes originally issued for less than two years to four years; 1969 acts divided section into subsections and added powers to sue and be sued, to purchase, convey, etc. real and personal property and to build, equip, maintain, etc. schools, rephrased provisions concerning bonding power and referendum, deleted provision for numbering districts in order of incorporation, rephrased provision regarding maturity of installments, added Subsec. (b) basing bond limit on aggregate indebtedness and annual receipts from taxation, placed four-year limit on temporary notes regardless of whether they are initial notes or renewals, rephrased other provisions concerning notes and added Subsec. (d) concerning investment or deposit of proceeds of bonds and notes; P.A. 74-239 amended Subsec. (a) to add statement that exercise of powers under section is not to be construed as amendment of regional plan; P.A. 86-350 made a variety of changes for purposes of clarification, updating the statutes to conform to current financial practices and to conform to anticipated changes in federal tax policy; P.A. 87-506 amended Subsec. (a) to provide for various methods of determining payment amounts; P.A. 89-337 allowed semiannual installments, provided that the first maturity date or sinking fund payment shall be not later than three years, rather than two, from the issuance date and clarified the powers which the board may delegate to an officer or a body; P.A. 93-158 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting provision re redemption by new issuance and amended Subsec. (b) by redefining “annual receipts from taxation” to be receipts for fiscal year preceding beginning of current year rather than those preceding close of last year and adding provision re exclusions from the computation of aggregate indebtedness, effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 95-282 amended Subsec. (d) to make technical changes, effective July 6, 1995, provided “any designation of a depository of public funds of the state or any municipality or regional school district, and any prescription of the method of supervision of the investment and reinvestment of trust funds of a municipality, made in accordance with the applicable provisions of sections 4-33, 7-401, 7-402, 7-403, subsection (c) of section 10-52 or subsection (d) of section 10-56 in effect on or before July 6, 1995, shall remain in effect until rescinded or otherwise modified in accordance with the provisions of public act 95-282” (Revisor's note: The reference to “section 10-52” appears to be a clerical error since Subsec. (c) of Sec. 10-51 was amended by Sec. 5 of P.A. 95-282); P.A. 96-244 revised effective date section of P.A. 95-282 but without affecting this section; P.A. 99-97 amended Subsec. (b) to add reference to Sec. 7-374 in computing the aggregate indebtedness of districts, effective June 3, 1999; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-6 amended Subsec. (c) to permit period to extend up to eight years and add language re terms extending past the fourth year, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 07-87 amended Subsec. (a) to allow a 30-year term for bonds authorized pursuant to Ch. 173 on or after July 1, 1996, and amended Subsec. (c) to include reference to one-thirtieth of the net project cost, effective July 1, 2007; Nov. 24 Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-2 amended Subsec. (c) to extend maximum time period for issuance of temporary notes from eight to ten years and extend maximum time period for renewal of notes from eight to ten years, effective November 25, 2008.

Cited. 169 C. 613. Conclusion in 169 C. 613 that section applies only to amendments that directly affect voting rights of electors, and its function in light of Sec. 10-47c, reversed. 292 C. 784. Failure to strictly comply with statutory notice provisions does not automatically invalidate the result of a referendum conducted pursuant to Subsec. (a); a referendum may be judicially invalidated only when there were substantial violations of the governing statutes and, as a result of those violations, the reliability of the result of the election is seriously in doubt. 319 C. 245.

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Secs. 10-57 and 10-58. Debt limitation. Investment of proceeds of bond issue. Sections 10-57 and 10-58 are repealed.

(1951, 1955, S. 912d, 913d; 1955, S. 912d; November, 1955, S. N119; 1957, P.A. 511; September, 1957, P.A. 19; 1963, P.A. 604, S. 2; 1969, P.A. 132, S. 1; 698, S. 27.)

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Sec. 10-58a. Default of district in payment on bonds or notes. Withholding of state aid. Whenever it is established as herein provided that a regional school district, including Regional School District Number 1 of Litchfield County, has defaulted in the payment of the principal or interest, or both, on its bonds or notes, the payment of state aid and assistance to such regional school district pursuant to any statute then in existence shall be withheld by the state. If a holder or owner of any such bond or note of such regional school district files with the State Comptroller a verified statement describing such bond or note and alleging default in the payment thereof or the interest thereon, or both, the Comptroller shall immediately investigate the circumstances of the alleged default, prepare and file in his office a certificate setting forth his finding with respect thereto and serve a copy of such finding, by registered or certified mail, upon the treasurer or chief fiscal officer of such regional school district. Such investigation shall cover the current status with respect to the payment of principal of and interest on all outstanding bonds and notes of such regional school district, and the statement prepared and filed by the Comptroller pursuant to this section shall set forth a description of all bonds and notes of such regional school district found to be in default and the amount of principal and interest thereon past due. Upon the filing of such a certificate in the office of the Comptroller, the Comptroller shall thereafter deduct and withhold from the next succeeding payment of state aid or assistance otherwise due such regional school district such amount as is necessary to pay the principal of and interest on such bonds and notes of such regional school district then in default. If such amount is insufficient to pay all of such principal and interest, said Comptroller shall similarly deduct and withhold from the next succeeding payment of state aid and assistance, otherwise due to any town in such district which is currently in default of its annual payments to such district, such amount as is necessary to pay the principal of and interest on such bonds or notes remaining in default. If all such amounts withheld are insufficient to pay all such principal and interest, the Comptroller shall similarly deduct and withhold from each succeeding payment of state aid or assistance otherwise due such regional school district and such towns such amount or amounts thereof as may be required to pay all of the principal of and interest on such bonds and notes then in default. Payments of state aid or assistance so deducted and withheld shall be forwarded promptly by the Comptroller to the paying agent or agents for the bonds and notes in default for the sole purpose of payment of defaulted principal of and interest on such bonds or notes; provided, if any such payment of state aid or assistance so deducted or withheld is less than the total amount of all principal and interest on such bonds and notes, then the Comptroller shall forward to each paying agent an amount in the proportion that the amount of such bonds and notes in default payable by such paying agent bears to the total amount of the principal of and interest then in default on such bonds and notes of such regional school district. The Comptroller shall promptly notify the treasurer or the chief fiscal officer of such regional school district of any payment or payments made to any paying agent or paying agents of defaulted bonds or notes pursuant to this section. The state of Connecticut hereby covenants with the purchasers, holders and owners from time to time of bonds and notes issued by regional school districts for school purposes that it will not repeal the provisions of this section or amend or modify the same so as to limit or impair the rights and remedies granted hereby; provided nothing herein contained shall be deemed or construed as requiring the state to continue the payment of state aid or assistance to any regional school district or town or as limiting or prohibiting the state from repealing or amending any law relating to state aid or assistance, the manner and time of payment or apportionment thereof, or the amount thereof.

(1961, P.A. 114, S. 2.)

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Sec. 10-59. Fiscal year. Budget. Section 10-59 is repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 1383; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 914d; 1959, P.A. 81, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 27.)

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Sec. 10-60. Borrowing in addition to bonds. In addition to the power to issue bonds, notes and other obligations as provided by section 10-56, such regional board of education may, when so authorized by a majority vote at a regional school district meeting called for such purpose, borrow sums of money and issue bonds, notes or other obligations, and pay interest thereon, to acquire land, prepare sites, purchase or erect buildings and equip buildings for school purposes, secure the services of architects and professional consultants, and operate and maintain regional schools, and for contingent or other necessary expenses connected therewith in principal amounts which shall not exceed in the aggregate five hundred thousand dollars at any time. Such sums may be borrowed for a term not to exceed ten years. Persons eligible to vote under the provisions of section 7-6 may vote on such issue. Such loans, bonds, notes or other obligations shall be general obligations of such district and the member towns. The regional board of education, or such officer or body to whom the board delegates the authority to make such determinations, shall determine the date, maturity, interest rate, form, manner of sale and other terms of such loans, bonds, notes or other obligations.

(1949 Rev., S. 1384; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 915d; 1969, P.A. 290, S. 1; 698, S. 17; P.A. 78-218, S. 38; P.A. 88-67, S. 1, 2; P.A. 89-337, S. 5, 6.)

History: 1969 acts changed $100,000 limit on borrowing to $200,000, made borrowing power dependent on authorization by majority vote at regional district meeting rather than “when deemed necessary” and made technical changes to simplify wording; P.A. 78-218 substituted “chairperson” for “chairman”; P.A. 88-67 increased limit on borrowing to $500,000, increased the 5-year term for borrowing to 10 years and made technical changes; P.A. 89-337 clarified that bonds, notes and other obligations could be issued under this section, restated the allowable purposes of those types of debts and clarified the powers which the board may delegate to an officer or body under this section.

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Sec. 10-60a. Refunding bonds. Any regional school district which has issued any bonds, notes or other obligations pursuant to any general statute or special act may issue refunding bonds for the purpose of paying, funding or refunding prior to maturity all or any part of such district's bonds, notes or other obligations, the redemption premium, if any, with respect thereto, the interest thereon, the costs with respect to the issuance of such refunding bonds and the payment of such refunded bonds, notes or other obligations. Such refunding bonds shall mature not later than (1) in the case of a single series of bonds, notes or other obligations being refunded, the final maturity date thereof; and (2) in the case of multiple series of bonds, notes or other obligations being refunded, the final maturity date of any such series last to occur. Such refunding bonds shall be authorized, and the proceeds thereof appropriated for the purposes permitted under this section, by resolution of the regional board of education and shall be issued in the same manner, and shall be subject to the same limitations and requirements, other than those requirements with respect to the manner of authorization of the bonds, as bonds issued pursuant to section 10-56, provided the provisions of section 10-56 regarding limitations on the date of the first maturity, or on the amount of any principal or on any principal and interest installments on any bonds, shall not apply to refunding bonds issued under this section that achieve net present value savings after comparing total debt service payable on the refunding bonds to the total debt service payable on the refunded bonds, after accounting for costs of issuance and underwriters' discount. Upon placement in escrow of the proceeds of such refunding bonds or other funds of the district in an amount sufficient, together with such investment earnings thereon as are to be retained in said escrow, to provide for the payment when due of the principal of and interest on the bonds, notes or other obligations to be paid, funded or refunded by such refunding bonds and other funds, such bonds, notes or other obligations shall cease to be included in computing the aggregate indebtedness of the district pursuant to subsection (b) of section 10-56.

(P.A. 93-158, S. 7, 11; P.A. 99-97, S. 4, 6; P.A. 07-87, S. 5.)

History: P.A. 93-158 effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 99-97 added provision to clarify that regional school districts may include the redemption premium and the cost of issuance in the total amount refunded, effective June 3, 1999; P.A. 07-87 added exception to Sec. 10-56 for refunding bonds that achieve net present value savings, effective July 1, 2007.

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Secs. 10-61 to 10-63. Withdrawal of town. Dissolution of district. Payment of indebtedness on dissolution of district. Sections 10-61 to 10-63, inclusive, are repealed.

(1951, 1955, S. 916d–918d; 1963, P.A. 389, S. 9.)

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Sec. 10-63a. Vote for withdrawal of town or dissolution of district. (a) Any town which is a member of a regional school district may, pursuant to a vote of its legislative body, apply to the regional board of education to institute procedure for withdrawal from the district or, in the case of a district composed of two towns, dissolution of the district as hereinafter provided.

(b) Any two or more towns which are members of a regional school district composed of three or more towns may, pursuant to a vote of the legislative bodies of the respective towns, apply to the regional board of education to institute procedure for the dissolution of the district as hereinafter provided.

(1963, P.A. 389, S. 1; February, 1965, P.A. 411, S. 5; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 18.)

History: 1965 act specified in Subsec. (a) that petition of town in two-town district results in dissolution of district and in Subsec. (b) that petition of two towns in three-or-more-town district results in dissolution of district; 1969 act substituted votes of legislative body or bodies for votes of town meeting or meetings.

Cited. 169 C. 613.

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Sec. 10-63b. Committee to study issues relating to withdrawal or dissolution. Within thirty days of receipt of an application pursuant to section 10-63a the regional board of education shall call for the appointment of a committee to study issues relating to withdrawal or dissolution. The committee shall consist of the following: One member of the board of education of each town within the district, to be selected by each such board, if any, or if none, an elector to be elected by the legislative body in such town; one member of the board of finance or comparable fiscal body of each town within the district to be selected by each such board or body; two members of the regional board of education, to be selected by such board, no more than one of whom may be a resident of a town making the application for the appointment of the committee; one member to be appointed by the Commissioner of Education, who shall not be a resident of any town within the district; the State Treasurer or the Treasurer's designee, and one member to be appointed by the regional board of education, who shall be an expert in municipal bonding and financing and who shall not be a resident of any town within the district. The members shall receive no compensation for their services, but their expenses and those incurred by the regional board in connection with withdrawal or dissolution procedures shall be paid by the towns applying for withdrawal or dissolution. The appointee of the Commissioner of Education shall call the first meeting of the committee, and the committee shall organize and function in accordance with section 10-41.

(1963, P.A. 389, S. 2; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 19; P.A. 78-218, S. 39; P.A. 96-244, S. 6, 63; P.A. 98-56, S. 1, 5.)

History: 1969 act deleted reference to state board's role in determining if action proposed would be detrimental to children of district, added provision for representation of town by elector if there is no board of education, made appointee of state board responsible for calling meeting and provided for committee's organization and functioning and made other technical changes to simplify language of provisions generally; P.A. 78-218 made technical changes; P.A. 96-244 substituted “Commissioner” for “State Board” of Education, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 98-56 changed duties of the committee from determining whether and under what conditions withdrawal or dissolution shall take place to studying issues relating to withdrawal or dissolution, effective January 1, 1999.

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Sec. 10-63c. Report of committee. Within one year after its appointment, the committee shall prepare a written report that includes: (1) Its recommendation concerning the advisability of a withdrawal or dissolution; (2) a determination of the value of the net assets of the regional district; (3) an apportionment of the net assets to each member town on the basis of the ratio which the total average daily membership of such town since its membership in the regional district bears to the total average daily membership reported to the State Board of Education by the regional board of education up to and including the last such report; (4) a plan for settlement of any obligations and the transfer of property from the regional school district to the member town school districts; (5) a timetable for the orderly withdrawal or dissolution of the regional district and establishment of local boards of education if none exist; (6) the question to be determined by the referenda; and (7) such other matters as the committee deems necessary. The provisions of sections 10-43 and 10-45, except as provided below, shall apply to the procedures for submission of the plan to the State Board of Education, action by such board, presentation of such plan to the member towns, action by such towns and the dissolution of the committee. The establishment of any new local board of education shall be in accordance with chapter 146. Upon an affirmative vote in each member town, or, in the case of a regional school district that does not have a high school, any of the member towns, the regional board of education and member towns shall cooperatively implement the plan for dissolution or withdrawal of a member town.

(1963, P.A. 389, S. 3; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 20; P.A. 78-218, S. 40; P.A. 98-56, S. 2, 5.)

History: 1969 act substituted for former provisions concerning plan of withdrawal or dissolution new provisions for written report of recommendations in favor of or against withdrawal or dissolution and replaced former provisions for procedure on withdrawal plan with new provisions for withdrawal procedure; P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” boards of education; P.A. 98-56 amended Subsec. (c) to require the committee to include information on all the topics even if the committee does not recommend withdrawal or dissolution, made the recommendation one topic for inclusion in the report, renumbered the topics to be included, and added the provision re affirmative vote in a regional school district without a high school, effective January 1, 1999.

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Secs. 10-63d and 10-63e. Submission of final plan; publication of notice. Special town meetings on proposal. Sections 10-63d and 10-63e are repealed.

(1963, P.A. 389, S. 4, 5; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 27.)

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Sec. 10-63f. Obligations not affected by action. Such withdrawal or dissolution shall not impair the obligation of the withdrawing town or the district to the holders of any bonds or other outstanding indebtedness issued prior to withdrawal or dissolution under authority of this part, including any responsibilities or financial obligations related to a school building project pursuant to chapter 173. The regional board of education and the board of education of the town or towns involved may make agreements for the payment of money to or from the district and said towns in accordance with the final plan of withdrawal, except any such agreement or final plan of withdrawal shall not relieve a withdrawing town from its responsibilities or financial obligations related to a school building project pursuant to chapter 173.

(1963, P.A. 389, S. 6; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 65.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 added provisions re responsibilities or financial obligations related to school building projects, effective October 31, 2017.

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Sec. 10-63g. Withdrawal and dissolution restricted. (a) No town shall be permitted to withdraw from a regional school district and no district shall be dissolved except in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-63a to 10-63f, inclusive, and no application for withdrawal or dissolution shall be made within three years after the formation of the district.

(b) No town which has voted to apply for the institution of withdrawal or dissolution procedure as provided in sections 10-63a to 10-63f, inclusive, may again so apply within three years after the date of its last application.

(1963, P.A. 389, S. 7, 8.)

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Sec. 10-63h. Applicability to existing regional school districts. Notwithstanding the provisions of any general or special act or compact adopted by referenda to establish a regional school district, the provisions of this part shall apply to the regional school districts in existence on June 24, 1969, except as provided below.

(a) Nothing in this part shall be construed to require an existing regional school district to change the composition of the membership of its board of education or their terms of office or as prohibiting the selection of members of such boards by appointment.

(b) If the board consists of nine members, three from each member town, such members may be elected on a rotating basis each year for terms of three years. If any adjustments are necessary to achieve this system, the regional school district shall use the procedures provided in section 10-47c to make the necessary changes, provided the term of office of no incumbent shall be shortened.

(c) Any such school district may change the representation of the member towns on the regional board or change the term of office of such members to four years in accordance with the procedures provided in section 10-47c. If the latter change is made, the member towns may elect their representatives on the regional board of education in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of section 10-46 as determined by the legislative body of each town.

(1969, P.A. 698, S. 21; P.A. 86-333, S. 28, 32.)

History: P.A. 86-333 added the provision to Subsec. (a) that nothing be construed as prohibiting the selection of members by appointment.

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Sec. 10-63i. Regional school district established before June 24, 1969. Any referenda establishing a regional school district before June 24, 1969, which by the terms of the question presented in such referenda established a regional school district to provide educational programs for kindergarten through grade twelve, shall be deemed to have empowered such district to provide for the member towns any program under the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education. In such cases, the town board of education in each member town is dissolved when the regional board of education assumes the direction of all such programs in the member towns, but in no case later than two years from the date of the referenda establishing such regional school district.

(1969, P.A. 698, S. 22.)

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Sec. 10-63j. “Representation”, defined. Representation as used in subsection (a) of section 10-46 and in sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, means the composition of the regional board of education, the number and manner of election of its members from the several towns constituting a regional school district and the voting power of each member of the regional board of education.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 1, 14; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 41.)

History: P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 deleted Subsec. (a) re notification as to whether representation on regional board is consistent with U.S. constitutional standards.

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Sec. 10-63k. Regional school reapportionment committee. (a) If the Commissioner of Education notifies in writing a regional board of education and the chief executive officer of each town within a regional school district that representation on the regional board of education is not consistent with federal constitutional standards, the legislative body of each participating town of a regional school district so notified shall, within thirty days of the receipt of such written notice from the commissioner, appoint a regional school reapportionment committee in the same manner as provided for in section 10-40 relating to the appointment of a regional school study committee. The town clerk of each town shall immediately give notice of the appointments made to the Commissioner of Education. Within ten days of receipt of the last of such notices, the Commissioner of Education shall appoint a consultant to such committee. The consultant shall call the first meeting of the regional school reapportionment committee within seven days after such appointment.

(b) The regional school reapportionment committee shall organize, proceed, and operate in accordance with the provisions of section 10-41. It shall receive funds, be reimbursed for expenses, and dispose of unencumbered balances remaining in the treasury of the committee in accordance with the provisions of section 10-42.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 2, 14; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 587, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 42; 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 96-244, S. 7, 63.)

History: P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 made technical changes; P.A. 96-244 substituted “Commissioner” for “State Board” of Education in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 1996.

Cited. 169 C. 613.

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Sec. 10-63l. Powers of regional school reapportionment committee. (a) The power, function, and responsibility of the regional school reapportionment committee shall be to determine and recommend a plan of representation on the regional board of education consistent with federal constitutional standards. Among the alternatives it may consider and include in its recommendation are the following: (1) The number of members on the regional board from each participating town shall be determined in the proportion, within permissible deviant limits consistent with federal constitutional standards, that the population of each town bears to the population of the entire regional school district; (2) the regional school board shall be elected at large by the voters of the entire regional school district; (3) the voting power of the members from each town on the regional school board shall be weighted in the proportion, within permissible deviant limits consistent with federal constitutional standards, that the population of each town bears to the population of the entire regional school district; (4) such other method of representation or of distribution of voting power that is consistent with federal constitutional standards, provided, in the case of any such method which determines the number of members on the regional school board from each participating town, or the voting power of such members, in accordance with the proportion that the population of such town bears to the population of the entire regional school district or to the population of any other town in such district, the population of any such town shall not include the patients of any state institution located in such town.

(b) The regional school reapportionment committee shall submit its recommended plan of representation in writing to the State Board of Education within three months after its first organizational meeting.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 3, 14; P.A. 76-397, S. 1, 2.)

History: P.A. 76-397 excluded consideration of patients in state institutions as part of town's population in formulas for determining representation on board.

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Sec. 10-63m. Approval or rejection of plan recommended by regional school reapportionment committee. (a) Upon receipt of a recommended plan of representation from a regional school reapportionment committee, the State Board of Education shall examine same and within thirty days of receipt either approve or reject said plan, and so notify the regional school reapportionment committee.

(b) If the State Board of Education rejects the recommended plan of representation, it shall return it to the regional school reapportionment committee and shall in a written report advise the committee of the reasons for rejection, and suggest modifications to make the plan consistent with federal constitutional standards. The committee shall, within twenty days after receiving the plan back from the State Board of Education with the report, revise the plan and resubmit it to the Board of Education. If the regional school reapportionment committee refuses to revise the plan, or if it submits to the State Board of Education a plan which the board determines is not consistent with federal constitutional standards, then the provisions of section 10-63s shall apply.

(c) If the State Board of Education approves the plan of representation submitted by the regional school reapportionment committee, it shall certify to the town clerk in each town of the regional school district that the recommended plan has been approved and the State Board of Education shall send a copy of such certification to the regional school reapportionment committee. The town clerk shall make available copies of the certification to the public, and publish notice of it and the approved plan in a newspaper having general circulation in the town. The regional school reapportionment committee shall hold a public meeting in each town of the regional school district to present the approved plan of representation.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 4, 14.)

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Sec. 10-63n. Referendum for regional school reapportionment. Establishment of plan. (a) Upon receipt of a copy of the certificate of approval of the plan, the regional school reapportionment committee shall set the date upon which referenda shall be held on the same date in each town in the regional school district.

(b) The referenda shall be held in accordance with the provisions of section 10-45, except that the question on the voting tabulator ballot shall be “Shall representation on the regional school board be established in accordance with the plan approved by the State Board of Education on .... (date)?” and the ballot used shall conform with the provisions of section 9-250.

(c) If the majority of the votes in each of the towns in the regional school district is affirmative, the plan of representation is established.

(d) If the majority vote of one or more towns is negative, the provisions of subsection (c) of said section 10-45 shall apply. If the majority of votes cast in each town on a second referendum is affirmative, the plan of representation is established.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 5, 14; P.A. 86-170, S. 9, 13; P.A. 11-20, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 86-170 required that designation on ballot label be in form of question; pursuant to P.A. 11-20, “machine” and “ballot label” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “tabulator” and “ballot”, respectively, in Subsec. (b), effective May 24, 2011.

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Sec. 10-63o. Execution of reapportionment plan. A plan of representation established as provided for in subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, shall be effective seven days after the referenda resulting in an affirmative majority vote in each of the participating towns. If the plan of representation requires a reduction in the number of members on a regional board of education from a participating town, a determination of the order in which the terms of members from such town shall be terminated shall be made on the basis of the length of the unexpired portion of their terms, with the terms of members having the shortest unexpired portions being terminated first until the number of members from the town complies with the plan. If two or more members of a town have the same unexpired portions of their terms, then within seven days after the date the plan is established, and under the supervision of the other members of the regional board, the member or members whose term or terms shall terminate shall be determined by lot. If the plan requires that additional members on the regional board of education be added from a town within the regional school district, the legislative body of the town shall fill the vacancies by appointment. A new member of the board so appointed by the legislative body of a town shall serve until a successor is elected and qualified at the next town election. The remaining members on a regional board of education whose terms are not affected by the plan of representation shall serve the unexpired portions of the terms for which they have been elected. Questions as to the terms of office of members on a regional board of education shall be determined by the regional board in accordance with the principles established in section 10-46.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 6, 14; P.A. 78-218, S. 43.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted Sec. 10-63t for reference to repealed Sec. 10-63u.

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Sec. 10-63p. Time limits for reapportionment. Right to compel compliance. The time limits provided for in subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, may be extended by the State Board of Education for good cause. The failure to meet a time limit herein provided shall not in and of itself invalidate action taken after said time limit. Any resident of a regional school district shall have the right, power, and legal standing, to seek appropriate relief from a court having jurisdiction to compel compliance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 7, 14; P.A. 85-613, S. 92, 154.)

History: P.A. 85-613 made technical changes, substituting references to Sec. 10-63t for references to Sec. 10-63u.

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Sec. 10-63q. Notification as to constitutionality of regional board representation following decennial census. The Commissioner of Education shall on or before the first day of May next following the completion of the decennial census of the United States, notify in writing each regional board of education and the chief executive officer of each town within a regional school district of whether or not on that date representation on the regional board of education is consistent with federal constitutional standards. If the commissioner notifies a regional board of education and the chief executive officer of the towns within a regional school district that representation on the regional board of education is not consistent with federal constitutional standards, then a regional school reapportionment committee shall be appointed and a plan of representation established as provided for in subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 8, 14; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 44; 78-303, S. 85, 136.)

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Sec. 10-63r. Establishment of new plan of representation permitted after initial reapportionment. After a plan of representation has been established pursuant to subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, the legislative bodies of the towns in a regional school district may appoint a regional school reapportionment committee in accordance with the provisions of said sections and a new plan of representation on the regional school board of education may be established in accordance with the provisions of said sections.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 9, 14; P.A. 85-613, S. 93, 154.)

History: P.A. 85-613 made technical change, substituting reference to Sec. 10-63t for reference to Sec. 10-63u.

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Sec. 10-63s. Duties of Commissioner of Education. Actions of regional board to be by weighted vote. (a) After the Commissioner of Education has notified in writing a regional board of education and the chief executive officer of each town within a regional school district that representation on the regional board of education is not consistent with federal constitutional standards, the commissioner shall keep informed of and assist in the progress toward establishment of a plan of representation. If the commissioner determines that significant progress is not being made, such as the refusal of the legislative body of a town to appoint members to a regional school reapportionment committee, the refusal of a regional school reapportionment committee to submit a plan of representation which has the approval of the State Board of Education, the rejection of a plan by the voters of any participating town within a regional school district, or any other block in the progress toward establishing a plan of representation, the commissioner shall notify in writing the regional board of education, the regional school reapportionment committee, if one has been appointed, and the chief executive officer of each participating town that unless significant progress toward the establishment of a plan of representation is made within thirty days of the date of such notice, the regional board of education shall be required to act only by weighted vote. If at the end of said thirty day period, the commissioner determines that significant progress has not been made toward the establishment of a plan of representation, the commissioner shall notify the regional board in writing that after ten days from said notice, the regional board shall act only by weighted vote and after said specified date, the regional board shall be authorized or empowered to act only by weighted vote.

(b) As herein used in subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, “weighted vote” means that the voting power on the regional board shall be distributed among the members in such a manner that each member shall have a weight attached to such member's vote, or shall be entitled to cast a number of votes, equal to the proportion, within permissible deviant limits consistent with federal constitutional standards, that the population of such member's town bears to the total population of the entire school district, with members on the board from each town dividing the weight or the number of votes accorded to that town equally among them.

(c) If within three months after the Commissioner of Education has specified the date after which the regional board can act only by weighted vote, a plan of representation has not been established for the regional school district, the State Board of Education shall establish a plan of representation for that regional school district and file it with the town clerk of each participating town. Said plan shall have the full force of law and shall remain in effect until a plan of representation has been adopted by the towns within the regional school district in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 10, 14; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 45; 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 93-353, S. 5, 52; P.A. 97-247, S. 11, 27.)

History: P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 substituted Sec. 10-63t for repealed Sec. 10-63u and made technical changes; P.A. 93-353 amended Subsec. (c) to change the authority for setting the date after which the regional board can only act by weighted vote from the state board to the commissioner, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 97-247 amended Subsec. (b) to delete provision requiring regulations to implement the manner of the weighted vote, effective July 1, 1997.

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Sec. 10-63t. Applicability of reapportionment requirements. Notwithstanding the provisions of any general or special act or any compact adopted by referenda to establish a regional school district, the provisions of subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, shall apply to any regional school district in existence on April 21, 1976.

(P.A. 75-644, S. 12, 14; P.A. 78-218, S. 46.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted Sec. 10-63t for reference to repealed Sec. 10-63u and replaced “the date specified in Sec. 10-63u” with “April 21, 1976”.

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(P.A. 75-644, S. 14; P.A. 77-352, S. 1–4; P.A. 78-218, S. 198, 199, 211; P.A. 82-127, S. 1, 2.)

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PART IV

REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION CENTERS

Sec. 10-64. Establishment of regional agricultural science and technology education centers. Moratorium; exception. Tuition and transportation. (a) Any local or regional board of education may enter into agreements with other such boards of education to establish a regional agricultural science and technology education center in conjunction with its regular public school system, provided such center shall have a regional agricultural science and technology education consulting committee which shall advise the operating board of education but shall have no legal authority with respect to such center. Such agreements may include matters pertaining to the admission of students, including the establishment of a reasonable number of available program acceptances and the criteria for program acceptance. Each board of education shall appoint to said committee two representatives, who have a competent knowledge of agriculture or aquaculture, as appropriate, and who need not be members of such board.

(b) No new agricultural science and technology education center shall be approved by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-65 during the three-year period from July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1996, except that the State Board of Education may approve such a center if it is to be operated by the board of education of a local or regional school district with fifteen thousand or more resident students, as defined in subdivision (19) of section 10-262f. If a new regional agricultural science and technology education center is established for a school district pursuant to this subsection, any resident student of such school district who, during the school year immediately preceding the initial operation of such center, was enrolled in grades 10 to 12, inclusive, in a regional agricultural science and technology education center operated by another local or regional board of education, may continue to be enrolled in such regional agricultural science and technology education center.

(c) For purposes of this section and sections 10-65 and 10-66, the term “agricultural science and technology education” includes vocational aquaculture and marine-related employment.

(d) Any local or regional board of education which does not furnish agricultural science and technology education approved by the State Board of Education shall designate a school or schools having such a course approved by the State Board of Education as the school which any person may attend who has completed an elementary school course through the eighth grade. The board of education shall pay the tuition and reasonable and necessary cost of transportation of any person under twenty-one years of age who is not a graduate of a high school or technical education and career school or an agricultural science and technology education center and who attends the designated school, provided transportation services may be suspended in accordance with the provisions of section 10-233c. Each such board's reimbursement percentage pursuant to section 10-266m for expenditures in excess of eight hundred dollars per pupil incurred in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2004, and in each fiscal year thereafter, shall be increased by an additional twenty percentage points.

(1955, S. 920d; 1967, P.A. 638, S. 1; P.A. 78-218, S. 47; P.A. 89-387, S. 36, 41; P.A. 93-410, S. 1, 6; P.A. 04-197, S. 2; P.A. 08-152, S. 1; 08-170, S. 19; P.A. 09-45, S. 1; P.A. 12-116, S. 87; P.A. 17-237, S. 49.)

History: 1967 act made provisions applicable to town and regional boards of education and allowed two representatives on committee for each board, rather than one representative for first fifty farms in district and one for each additional fifty farms; P.A. 78-218 referred to “local and regional” boards rather than “town and regional” boards; P.A. 89-387 amended prior provisions, redesignated as Subsec. (a), to include reference to aquaculture and added new Subsec. (b) defining “vocational agriculture”; P.A. 93-410 amended Subsec. (a) to specify that the agreements may include matters pertaining to the admission of students, relettered Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (c) and inserted new Subsec. (b) pertaining to a moratorium on the establishment of new centers, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 04-197 added Subsec. (d) re provision, tuition and transportation for vocational agricultural training when not provided by district, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 08-152 and 08-170 changed “vocational agriculture” to “agricultural science and technology education”, effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 09-45 made a technical change in Subsec. (d), effective May 20, 2009; pursuant to P.A. 12-116, “vocational school” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “technical high school” in Subsec. (d), effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 17-237 amended Subsec. (d) by replacing “technical high school” with “technical education and career school”, effective July 1, 2017.

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Sec. 10-65. Grants for constructing and operating agricultural science and technology education centers. Tuition charges. (a) Each local or regional school district operating an agricultural science and technology education center approved by the State Board of Education for program, educational need, location and area to be served shall be eligible for the following grants: (1) In accordance with the provisions of chapter 173, through progress payments in accordance with the provisions of section 10-287i, (A) for projects for which an application was filed prior to July 1, 2011, ninety-five per cent, and (B) for projects for which an application was filed on or after July 1, 2011, eighty per cent of the net eligible costs of constructing, acquiring, renovating and equipping approved facilities to be used exclusively for such agricultural science and technology education center, for the expansion or improvement of existing facilities or for the replacement or improvement of equipment therein, and (2) subject to the provisions of section 10-65b and within available appropriations, in an amount equal to five thousand two hundred dollars per student for every secondary school student who was enrolled in such center on October first of the previous year.

(b) Each local or regional board of education not maintaining an agricultural science and technology education center shall provide opportunities for its students to enroll in one or more such centers in a number that is at least equal to the number specified in any written agreement with each such center or centers, or in the absence of such an agreement, a number that is at least equal to the average number of its students that the board of education enrolled in each such center or centers during the previous three school years, provided, in addition to such number, each such board of education shall provide opportunities for its students to enroll in the ninth grade in a number that is at least equal to the number specified in any written agreement with each such center or centers, or in the absence of such an agreement, a number that is at least equal to the average number of students that the board of education enrolled in the ninth grade in each such center or centers during the previous three school years. If a local or regional board of education provided opportunities for students to enroll in more than one center for the school year commencing July 1, 2007, such board of education shall continue to provide such opportunities to students in accordance with this subsection. The board of education operating an agricultural science and technology education center may charge, subject to the provisions of section 10-65b, tuition for a school year in an amount not to exceed fifty-nine and two-tenths per cent of the foundation level pursuant to subdivision (9) of section 10-262f, per student for the fiscal year in which the tuition is paid, except that such board may charge tuition for (1) students enrolled under shared-time arrangements on a pro rata basis, and (2) special education students which shall not exceed the actual costs of educating such students minus the amounts received pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section and subsection (c) of this section. Any tuition paid by such board for special education students in excess of the tuition paid for non-special-education students shall be reimbursed pursuant to section 10-76g.

(c) In addition to the grants described in subsection (a) of this section, within available appropriations, (1) each local or regional board of education operating an agricultural science and technology education center in which more than one hundred fifty of the students in the prior school year were out-of-district students shall be eligible to receive a grant in an amount equal to five hundred dollars for every secondary school student enrolled in such center on October first of the previous year, (2) on and after July 1, 2000, if a local or regional board of education operating an agricultural science and technology education center that received a grant pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection no longer qualifies for such a grant, such local or regional board of education shall receive a grant in an amount determined as follows: (A) For the first fiscal year such board of education does not qualify for a grant under said subdivision (1), a grant in the amount equal to four hundred dollars for every secondary school student enrolled in its agricultural science and technology education center on October first of the previous year, (B) for the second successive fiscal year such board of education does not so qualify, a grant in an amount equal to three hundred dollars for every such secondary school student enrolled in such center on said date, (C) for the third successive fiscal year such board of education does not so qualify, a grant in an amount equal to two hundred dollars for every such secondary school student enrolled in such center on said date, and (D) for the fourth successive fiscal year such board of education does not so qualify, a grant in an amount equal to one hundred dollars for every such secondary school student enrolled in such center on said date, and (3) each local and regional board of education operating an agricultural science and technology education center that does not receive a grant pursuant to subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection shall receive a grant in an amount equal to sixty dollars for every secondary school student enrolled in such center on said date.

(d) (1) If there are any remaining funds after the amount of the grants described in subsections (a) and (c) of this section are calculated, within available appropriations, each local or regional board of education operating an agricultural science and technology education center shall be eligible to receive a grant in an amount equal to one hundred dollars for each student enrolled in such center on October first of the previous school year. (2) If there are any remaining funds after the amount of the grants described in subdivision (1) of this subsection are calculated, within available appropriations, each local or regional board of education operating an agricultural science and technology education center that had more than one hundred fifty out-of-district students enrolled in such center on October first of the previous school year shall be eligible to receive a grant based on the ratio of the number of out-of-district students in excess of one hundred fifty out-of-district students enrolled in such center on said date to the total number of out-of-district students in excess of one hundred fifty out-of-district students enrolled in all agricultural science and technology education centers that had in excess of one hundred fifty out-of-district students enrolled on said date.

(e) For the fiscal years ending June 30, 2012, and June 30, 2013, the Department of Education shall allocate five hundred thousand dollars to local or regional boards of education operating an agricultural science and technology education center in accordance with the provisions of subsections (b) to (d), inclusive, of this section.

(f) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2013, and each fiscal year thereafter, if a local or regional board of education receives an increase in funds pursuant to this section over the amount it received for the prior fiscal year such increase shall not be used to supplant local funding for educational purposes.

(g) Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 10-51 and 10-222, for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2015, to June 30, 2017, inclusive, any amount received by a local or regional board of education pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section that exceeds the amount appropriated for education by the municipality or the amount in the budget approved by such regional board of education for purposes of said subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section, shall be available for use by such local or regional board of education, provided such excess amount is spent in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section.

(1955, S. 921d; 1961, P.A. 40; 1967, P.A. 638, S. 2; P.A. 78-218, S. 48; P.A. 82-204, S. 1, 2; P.A. 83-106, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-460, S. 1, 16; P.A. 85-463, S. 1, 2; P.A. 86-71, S. 5, 11; P.A. 89-355, S. 3, 20; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-7, S. 2, 22; P.A. 93-410, S. 2, 6; P.A. 95-226, S. 14, 30; P.A. 96-178, S. 8, 18; P.A. 97-247, S. 13, 27; P.A. 00-192, S. 82, 102; P.A. 01-173, S. 11, 67; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-5, S. 5; P.A. 04-197, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 24; P.A. 08-152, S. 2; 08-170, S. 20; P.A. 09-45, S. 2, 3; P.A. 11-48, S. 203; 11-61, S. 86; P.A. 12-116, S. 64; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, S. 236; P.A. 13-247, S. 170; P.A. 14-217, S. 118, 119; P.A. 15-215, S. 8; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 253, 254; P.A. 18-81, S. 52; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 418.)

History: 1961 act changed references from high school to secondary school; 1967 act amended Subdiv. (a) to delete limitation to centers to be built and equipped before June 30, 1967, to delete number of centers to total of 24 for entire state and to allow grants for expansion and improvement of existing facilities and for replacement or improvement of equipment; P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” boards of education; P.A. 82-204 permitted boards of education to charge actual cost of education for special education students and made special education tuition a reimbursable expense under state special education formula; P.A. 83-106 excluded from “total cost of operating” calculation transportation expenditures otherwise reimbursable and stipulated use of previous year's average daily membership count in car grant calculation; P.A. 84-460 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that projects to construct, acquire, renovate or equip vocational agriculture centers would be eligible for school construction grants; P.A. 85-463 added Subsec. (b) re grant eligibility of E.O. Smith School; P.A. 86-71 deleted the references to Sec. 10-266n which was repealed and added the reference to Sec. 10-97; P.A. 89-355 deleted Subsec. (b) re E.O. Smith School, restructured the section with a new Subsec. (b) designation and provided that tuition grants be phased out and not be paid for the fiscal years following the fiscal year ending June 30, 1990, and made technical changes; June Sp. Sess. 91-7 provided for a grant equal to $700 per student in Subsec. (a), eliminating grants for the total cost of operating a vocational agriculture center and amended Subsec. (b) to limit tuition to the average per pupil expenditures for all students enrolled in the vocational agriculture center minus $700 rather than the average per pupil expenditure for all secondary school pupils in the receiving district and eliminated grants to sending school districts; P.A. 93-410 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to add “subject to the provisions of section 10-65b” and further amended Subsec. (b) to change the method for computing the cap on tuition charges, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-226 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a) and (b), amended Subsec. (b) to substitute 102% for 121% and in Subdiv. (2) to substitute references to amounts received pursuant to Subsecs. (a) and (c) for $700 and added Subsec. (c) concerning an additional grant, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-178 added Subsec. (d) re additional grants, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-247 amended Subsec. (a) to remove requirement that facilities and equipment for which a grant is received pursuant to chapter 173 be used “exclusively” for vocational agricultural purposes, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 00-192 amended Subsec. (c) by adding new Subdiv. (2) re grants to local or regional boards operating vocational agriculture centers and designating existing Subdiv. (2) as Subdiv. (3), effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (d) to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2001; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-5 amended Subsec. (a)(1) to replace lump sum payments of the entire eligible cost with progress payments of 95% of the eligible cost, effective July 1, 2002; P.A. 04-197 amended Subsec. (b) by increasing maximum tuition from 102% to 120% of foundation level and by making a technical change, effective July 1, 2004; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 amended Subsec. (a) to increase per pupil grant from $700 to $1,355 and amended Subsec. (b) to require boards of education to provide students an opportunity to enroll in a vocational agricultural center in a number that at least equals the number in any written agreement or the average number enrolled over the previous three years and to change limit on tuition charges from 120% to 82.5% of the foundation level, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 08-152 and 08-170 changed “vocational agriculture” to “agricultural science and technology education” throughout, amended Subsec. (b) to provide that students in ninth grade shall be permitted to enroll in centers in a number that is at least equal to the average number enrolled during previous 3 school years and that if district provided enrollment opportunities at more than one center commencing July 1, 2007, the district shall continue to provide such opportunities and made a technical change in Subsec. (c)(3), effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 09-45 made technical changes in Subsecs. (c) and (d), effective May 20, 2009; P.A. 11-48 added Subsec. (e) re allocation of $500,000 in fiscal years ending June 30, 2012, and June 30, 2013, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-61 amended Subsec. (a)(1) by making existing provision re 95% of net eligible costs applicable for applications filed prior to July 1, 2011, and adding provision re 80% of net eligible costs for applications filed on or after July 1, 2011, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-116 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by increasing grant amount from $1,355 to $1,750 per student and added Subsec. (f) re increase in funds not to be used to supplant local funding for educational purposes, effective July 1, 2012; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1 added Subsec. (g) re funds that exceed amount appropriated for education or in approved budget to be available for use for fiscal year ending June 30, 2013, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-247 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by increasing grant amount from $1,750 to $2,750 per student, amended Subsec. (b) by changing limit on tuition charges from 82.5 per cent to 62.47 per cent of foundation level, and amended Subsec. (g) by replacing “2013” with “2014”, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 14-217 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by increasing grant amount from $2,750 to $3,200 per student, amended Subsec. (b) by changing limit on tuition charges from 62.47 per cent to 59.2 per cent of foundation level, and amended Subsec. (g) by replacing “2014” with “2015”, effective July 1, 2014; P.A. 15-215 amended Subsec. (a)(1)(B) by adding “exclusively” re use of approved facilities, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by adding “and within available appropriations”, and amended Subsec. (g) by making provisions applicable to fiscal years ending June 30, 2016, and June 30, 2017, and making a conforming change, effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 18-81 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by increasing per student amount of grants for certain secondary school students enrolled in agricultural science and technology centers, effective July 1, 2018; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by increasing per student amount of grants for certain secondary school students enrolled in agricultural science and technology centers from $4,200 to $5,200, effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-65a. Plan to increase racial and ethnic diversity. (a) Each local and regional board of education which operates an agricultural science and technology education center shall establish and implement a five-year plan to increase racial and ethnic diversity at such center. The plan shall reasonably reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of the area of the state in which the center is located.

(b) Each local and regional board of education which operates an agricultural science and technology education center shall conduct an annual study to ascertain the educational and vocational activities in which graduates of such center are engaged five years after graduation and shall submit the study to the State Board of Education.

(P.A. 93-410, S. 4, 6; P.A. 97-39, S. 2; P.A. 08-152, S. 3; 08-170, S. 21.)

History: P.A. 93-410 effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 97-39 deleted Subsec.(a) concerning recruitment of students by vocational agriculture centers, redesignated existing Subsecs. (b) and (c) as Subsecs. (a) and (b), and substituted “racial and ethnic diversity” for “minority student representation”; P.A. 08-152 and 08-170 changed “vocational agriculture” to “agricultural science and technology education”, effective July 1, 2008.

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Sec. 10-65b. Provision of student's nonagricultural academic courses; shared-time arrangements. A local or regional board of education that operates a regional agricultural science and technology education center shall provide to each student enrolled in such center all of the student's nonagricultural academic courses, provided any such board which, on or before July 1, 1993, entered into an agreement to offer shared-time arrangements and any such board that operates a regional vocational aquaculture program may offer or continue to offer such shared-time arrangements unless the Commissioner of Education determines that such shared-time arrangements are not in substantial compliance with the provisions of sections 10-64 and 10-65 and any regulations adopted pursuant to section 10-66. For purposes of this section and said section 10-65, “shared-time arrangements” means the enrollment of students in a regional agricultural science and technology education center while such students receive nonagricultural academic courses in a school district under the jurisdiction of a local or regional board of education other than the board of education operating such center.

(P.A. 93-410, S. 5, 6; P.A. 97-290, S. 28, 29; P.A. 08-152, S. 4; 08-170, S. 22.)

History: P.A. 93-410 effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 97-290 added provision on shared-time arrangements for regional vocational aquaculture programs, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 08-152 and 08-170 changed “vocational agriculture” to “agricultural science and technology education” and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2008.

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Sec. 10-66. Regulations. The State Board of Education may adopt, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, such regulations as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this part and to insure reasonable economy in the agricultural science and technology centers.

(1955, S. 923d; P.A. 93-410, S. 3, 6; P.A. 08-152, S. 5; 08-170, S. 23.)

History: P.A. 93-410 made a technical change, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 08-152 and 08-170 changed “vocational agriculture” to “agricultural science and technology education”, effective July 1, 2008.

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PART IVa*

REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL SERVICE CENTERS

*Cited. 34 CA 567. Regional educational service center acts as agent of constituent municipality, not the state, when overseeing care and safety of enrolled children, and analysis of Gordon criteria, 272 C. 81, weigh against finding of entitlement to sovereign immunity for purposes of negligence action. 187 CA 201.

Sec. 10-66a. Establishment. A regional educational service center may be established in any regional state planning area designated in accordance with section 16a-4a upon approval by the State Board of Education of a plan of organization and operation submitted by four or more boards of education for the purpose of cooperative action to furnish programs and services. Except where the pupil population is over fifty thousand in a given planning area, only one regional educational service center may be established in such area. In no case shall there be more than two educational service centers in any such area and in no case shall a board of education be a member of more than one regional educational service center. If, after the establishment of a regional educational service center, boards of education vote to withdraw so that fewer than four such boards are members or the State Board of Education denies continued approval pursuant to section 10-66h, the center shall cease to exist at the end of the subsequent fiscal year.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 1; P.A. 78-218, S. 49; 78-295, S. 1, 9; P.A. 79-631, S. 48, 111; P.A. 80-154, S. 1, 5.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” boards of education and deleted phrase designating August 1, 1972 as commencement date for establishing centers; P.A. 78-295 substituted “member” for “participating” boards, substituted Sec. “16a-4a” for “4-124b”, required submission of plan of organization and operation for state board's approval before establishment of center, prohibited membership of board of education in more than one center and provided for dissolution of center if state board denies continued approval; P.A. 79-631 and P.A. 80-154 made technical changes.

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Sec. 10-66b. Operation and management. Board. The operation and management of any regional educational service center shall be the responsibility of the board of such center to be composed of at least one member from each participating board of education, selected by such board of education. The board of the regional educational service center may designate from its membership an executive board which shall have such powers as the board of the regional educational service center may delegate and which are consistent with this part. The term of office of members of the board of the regional educational service center shall not exceed four years. Members of the board of the regional educational service center shall receive no compensation for services rendered as such, but may be reimbursed for necessary expenses in the course of their duties. The director of the regional educational service center shall serve as the executive agent of the board of the regional educational service center.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 2; P.A. 80-154, S. 2, 5; P.A. 94-245, S. 10, 46.)

History: P.A. 80-154 added provision concerning membership of regional board when participating boards of education are responsible for students who attend E.O. Smith School; P.A. 94-245 deleted obsolete language which had required that the board of certain regional educational service centers include member designated by the board of trustees of The University of Connecticut, effective June 2, 1994.

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Sec. 10-66c. Powers of board of center. (a) A regional educational service center shall be a body corporate and politic. The board of a regional educational service center shall be a public educational authority acting on behalf of the state of Connecticut and shall have the power to sue and be sued, to receive and disburse private funds and such prepaid and reimbursed federal, state and local funds as each member board of education may authorize on its own behalf, to employ personnel, to enter into contracts, to purchase, receive, hold and convey real and personal property and otherwise to provide the programs, services and activities agreed upon by the member boards of education. The board of a regional educational service center shall have authority, within the limits prescribed by this part and as specified by the written agreement of the member boards, to establish policies for the regional educational service center, to determine the programs and services to be provided, to employ staff including a director of the center, to prepare and expend the budget and, within the limits authorized under this section, to provide for the financing of the programs and projects of the regional educational service center.

(b) For the purpose of carrying out or administering a regional educational service center project, program or other function authorized under this section or refinancing existing indebtedness or funding debt service reserve or project reserve funds, a regional educational service center may, without limiting its authority under other provisions of law, borrow temporarily in anticipation of receipt of current revenues and issue bonds, notes or other obligations payable from or secured by any one or more of the following: (1) A pledge, lien, mortgage or other security interest in any or all of the income, proceeds, revenues and property, real or personal, of its projects, assets, programs or other functions, including the proceeds of grants, loans, advances, guarantees or contributions from the federal government, state or any other source; or (2) a pledge, lien, mortgage or other security interest in the property, real or personal, of projects to be financed by the bonds, notes or other obligations.

(c) Bonds, notes or other obligations issued under this section may be issued in one or more series, shall bear such date or dates, be in such form, mature at such time or times, be payable at such place or places whether within the state or without, bear interest at such rate or rates, be in such denominations and form, with coupons attached, or registered, be fully negotiable, contain such conversion and redemption provisions, such other terms, covenants and conditions and be issued and sold in such manner as the regional educational service center, by resolution of the board of such center, determines, and may be payable at such time or times not exceeding twenty years from the date of issuance. Such bonds, notes or other obligations shall not constitute an indebtedness within the meaning of any debt limitation or restrictions and shall not be obligations of the state of Connecticut or any municipality, and each such bond, note or other obligation shall so state on its face. Neither the officers or members of the board of any regional educational service center nor any person executing the bond, note or other obligations shall be personally liable thereon by reason of the issuance thereof.

(d) A regional educational service center may issue notes in anticipation of the receipt of proceeds from the sale of such bonds. If such notes are issued, the provisions of sections 7-378 and 7-378a, relating to the terms and conditions of issuing and renewing such notes, shall apply.

(e) Each pledge, agreement or assignment made for the benefit or security of any bonds, notes or other obligations issued under this section shall be in effect until the principal and interest on the bonds, notes or other obligations for the benefit of which the same were made have been fully paid, or until provision is made for the payment in the manner provided in the resolution or resolutions authorizing their issuance. Any pledge or assignment made in respect of such bonds, notes or other obligations secured thereby shall be valid and binding from the time when the pledge or assignment is made; any income, proceeds, revenues or property so pledged or assigned and thereafter received by the regional educational service center shall immediately be subject to the lien of such pledge, without any physical delivery thereof or further act; and the lien of any such pledge or assignment shall be valid and binding as against parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against the regional educational service center, irrespective of whether such parties have notice thereof. Neither the resolution, trust indenture, agreement, assignment or other instrument by which a pledge is created need be recorded or filed, except for the recording of any mortgage or lien on real property or on any interest in real property.

(f) A regional educational service center may enter into contractual agreements, including trust indentures or agreements with trustees, for the collection, investment and payment of pledged or assigned income, proceeds, revenues or property, the establishment of reserves, covenants and agreements for the benefit of the trustee or the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations, and such other terms and conditions which are reasonable to delineate the respective rights, duties, safeguards, responsibilities and liabilities of the regional educational service center, holders of bonds, notes or other obligations and the trustee or assignee. Any such agreement may provide for the pledge or assigning of any assets or income from assets to which or in which the center has rights or interest, the vesting in such trustee or trustees of such property, rights, powers and duties in trust as the center may determine, which may include any or all of the property, rights, powers and duties of any trustee appointed by the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations, or limiting or restricting the rights of any holder of any bonds, notes or other obligations, or limiting or abrogating the right of the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations to appoint a trustee, or limiting the rights, powers and duties of such trustee, and may further provide for such other rights and remedies exercisable by the trustee as may be proper for the protection of the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations and not otherwise in violation of law, including the acceleration of payment in the event of a default.

(g) Any regional educational service center may obtain from a commercial bank or insurance company authorized to do business within or without this state a letter of credit, line of credit or other credit or liquidity facility, for the purpose of providing funds for the payment of such bonds, notes or other obligations required by their terms or by the holder thereof to be redeemed or repurchased at or prior to maturity or for providing additional security for such bonds, notes or other obligations. In connection therewith, a regional educational service center may authorize the execution of reimbursement agreements, remarketing agreements, standby bond purchase agreements, agreements for the purpose of moderating interest rate fluctuations and any other necessary or appropriate agreements. If a regional educational service center is required to draw upon any such credit facility, the amount of each loan made pursuant to such credit facility shall be repaid by the center as provided in such agreement with the provider of the credit facility, but no later than the last date on which the bond, notes or other obligations secured thereby would be required to mature by law. Such regional educational service center may pledge or assign or mortgage any of its income, proceeds, revenues or properties authorized by this section to secure its bonds, notes or other obligations to secure its payment obligations under any agreement entered into pursuant to this section.

(h) Bonds, notes or other obligations issued by a regional educational service center under the provisions of this section are hereby made securities in which all public officers and public bodies of the state and its political subdivisions, all insurance companies, credit unions, building and loan associations, investment companies, savings banks, banking associations, trust companies, executors, administrators, trustees and other fiduciaries and pension, profit-sharing and retirement funds may properly and legally invest funds, including capital in their control or belonging to them. Such bonds are hereby made securities which may properly and legally be deposited with and received by any state or municipal officer or any agency or municipality of the state for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds or obligations of the state is now or may hereafter be authorized by law.

(i) A regional educational service center shall be considered an agency of the state for purposes of subdivision (14) of subsection (d) of section 42a-9-109.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 3; P.A. 75-431; P.A. 78-77, S. 1, 2; 78-295, S. 2, 9; P.A. 80-154, S. 3, 5; P.A. 87-460, S. 1, 2; P.A. 95-259, S. 29, 32; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2, S. 68.)

History: P.A. 75-431 allowed regional center boards to be eligible to receive direct reimbursement in accordance with Sec. 10-76g; P.A. 78-77 gave boards power to borrow temporarily in anticipation of payments to be received; P.A. 78-295 substituted “member” for “participating” boards, declared boards to be corporate bodies, permitted acceptance of private funds, permitted purchase etc. of personal as well as real property and deleted reference to eligibility for direct reimbursement; P.A. 80-154 deleted provision concerning supply of programs, services etc. to nonpublic schools within center's geographical area; P.A. 87-460 provided that a regional educational service center be a body politic and that its board be acting on behalf of the state, added new Subsecs. (b) to (d), inclusive, re the power to issue bonds, notes or other obligations and designated Subsec. (a) accordingly and made a technical change; P.A. 95-259 amended Subsec. (b) to expand the reasons for which a service center may borrow or issue bonds and to add in Subdiv. (1) “assets, programs or other functions” and added Subsecs. (e) to (h), inclusive, effective July 6, 1995; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2 added Subsec. (i) re applicability of the Uniform Commercial Code to security interests of the centers, effective May 12, 2004, and applicable to any pledge, lien or security interest of this state or any political subdivision of this state in existence on October 1, 2003, or created after that date.

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Sec. 10-66d. Participation by boards of education and nonpublic schools. Each board of education and nonpublic school in the area served by a regional educational service center may determine the particular programs and services in which it wishes to participate in accordance with the purpose of this part, except each board of education shall use the uniform regional school calendar in accordance with the provisions of section 10-66q.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 4; P.A. 13-247, S. 324.)

History: P.A. 13-247 added provision requiring each board of education to use uniform regional school calendar, effective July 1, 2013.

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Sec. 10-66e. Payment of expenses. The necessary administrative and overhead expenditures as determined by the board of the regional educational service center shall be shared jointly by the participating boards of education. In addition any participating board of education and nonpublic school shall be required to pay a prorated share of the costs of any program or service to which it subscribes. Any commitment made by a participating board of education or nonpublic school with a board of a regional educational service center in accordance with any provision of this part shall constitute a valid obligation within its appropriated or other available funds.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 5.)

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Sec. 10-66f. Participation in programs of other centers. Joint action by centers. No provision of this part shall limit a board of education from purchasing a program or service from another regional educational service center, provided such program or service is not available from the center of which such board is a member, or from otherwise entering into an agreement with another board or boards of education to secure such program or service jointly. Any two or more regional educational service centers may join together to provide certain programs or services upon approval by the boards of the regional educational service centers involved.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 6; P.A. 78-295, S. 3, 9.)

History: P.A. 78-295 allowed boards to purchase program or service from centers in which they are not members only if program or service is unavailable from center in which they are members.

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Sec. 10-66g. Budget and projected revenues statement. Annual audit. Each board of a regional educational service center shall submit a yearly budget and projected revenue statement to each member board of education and to the State Board of Education. The accounts and financial records of all boards of regional educational service centers shall be audited annually in the same manner as the accounts of local or regional boards of education and copies provided to each member board of education and to the State Board of Education.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 7; P.A. 78-218, S. 50; 78-295, S. 4, 9.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” boards of education; P.A. 78-295 substituted “member” for “participating” boards, “local” for “town” boards and required submission of budget and revenue statement to state board of education as well as to other member boards.

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Sec. 10-66h. Annual evaluation of programs and services. The board of a regional educational service center shall annually, following the close of the school year, furnish to each member board of education and the State Board of Education an evaluation of the programs and services provided by the board of the regional educational service center. The State Board of Education shall evaluate not more than once every five years the programs and services provided by the board of each center for the purpose of its continued approval pursuant to section 10-66a.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 8; P.A. 78-295, S. 5, 9; P.A. 86-333, S. 4, 32; P.A. 93-353, S. 25, 52.)

History: P.A. 78-295 substituted “member” for “participating” boards, required that evaluations be submitted to state board of education as well as other members and required state board to evaluate programs and services biennially; P.A. 86-333 substituted triennial for biennial evaluations of programs and services by the state board of education; P.A. 93-353 changed the time frame for evaluations from triennially to not more than once every five years, effective July 1, 1993.

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Sec. 10-66i. Applicability of statutes. Receipt of payments. All state statutes concerning education, including provisions for eligibility for state aid and the payment of grants in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-283, 10-286d, 10-287, 10-288, 10-292d and 10-292l with respect to bonds, notes or other obligations issued by a regional educational service center to finance building projects approved by the Commissioner of Education, shall apply to the operation of regional educational service centers. Notwithstanding the provisions of any other section of the general statutes, the board of a center shall be eligible to receive direct payment pursuant to the provisions of section 10-76g.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 9; P.A. 78-218, S. 51; 78-295, S. 6, 9; P.A. 79-128, S. 18, 36; P.A. 88-360, S. 5, 63; P.A. 97-265, S. 74, 98.)

History: P.A. 78-218 deleted words “town or regional” describing boards of education; P.A. 78-295 deleted former provision empowering board to receive prior payments and reimbursement funds if authorized to do so by participants and added provision for eligibility to receive direct reimbursement pursuant to Sec. 10-76g; P.A. 79-128 substituted “payment” for “reimbursement”; P.A. 88-360 added references to the payment of grants pursuant to Secs. 10-286d, 10-287h and 10-288 with respect to bonds, notes or other obligations issued by a regional educational service center to finance building projects; P.A. 97-265 substituted references to Secs. 10-283, 10-287, 10-292d and 10-292l for reference to Sec. 10-287h, effective June 26, 1997.

Cited. 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24.

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Sec. 10-66j. Regulations. Annual grants, proportional reduction. Support of regional efforts to recruit and retain minority educators. (a) The State Board of Education shall encourage the formation of a state-wide system of regional educational service centers and shall adopt regulations with respect to standards for review and approval of regional education service centers in accordance with sections 10-66a and 10-66h.

(b) Each regional educational service center shall receive an annual grant equal to the sum of the following:

(1) An amount equal to fifty per cent of the total amount appropriated for purposes of this section divided by six;

(2) An amount equal to twenty-five per cent of such appropriation multiplied by the ratio of the number of its member boards of education to the total number of member boards of education state-wide; and

(3) An amount equal to twenty-five per cent of such appropriation multiplied by the ratio of the sum of state aid pursuant to section 10-262h for all of its member boards of education to the total amount of state aid pursuant to section 10-262h state-wide.

(c) Within the available appropriation, no regional educational service center shall receive less aid pursuant to subsection (b) of this section than it received for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1999. Amounts determined for regional educational service centers pursuant to subsection (b) of this section in excess of the amounts received for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1999, shall be reduced proportionately to implement such provision if necessary.

(d) Each regional educational service center shall support regional efforts to recruit and retain minority educators.

(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2004, to June 30, 2019, inclusive, and for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2022, and June 30, 2023, the amount of grants payable to regional educational service centers shall be reduced proportionately if the total of such grants in such year exceeds the amount appropriated for such grants for such year.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 10; P.A. 78-295, S. 7, 9; P.A. 83-554, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-475, S. 1, 3; P.A. 85-377, S. 1, 13; 85-520, S. 1, 3; P.A. 86-301, S. 1, 2; P.A. 87-327, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-358, S. 6, 9; P.A. 89-124, S. 1, 13; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-7, S. 3, 22; P.A. 95-226, S. 8, 30; P.A. 96-244, S. 8, 63; P.A. 00-187, S. 68, 75; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 31, 54; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 12; P.A. 04-26, S. 2; P.A. 05-245, S. 44; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 8; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6, S. 44; P.A. 11-48, S. 178; 11-179, S. 2; P.A. 13-247, S. 160; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 248; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 577; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 371.)

History: P.A. 78-295 made reference to state-wide system, required state board to adopt resolutions for review and approval of centers and added Subsecs. (b) and (c) re appropriations and disbursement of surplus appropriations; P.A. 83-554 amended Subsec. (b) allowing, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1984, for a grant payment of $56,000 and amended Subsec. (c) directing that any funds appropriated in excess of $325,000 be expended in implementing educational goals and objectives identified by the state board of education; P.A. 84-475 added new Subsec. (d) re competitive state grants to encourage innovative or exemplary programs; P.A. 85-377 substituted commissioner of education for state board in Subsec. (d); P.A. 85-520 increased amount of annual grant from $50,000 to $70,000 and eliminated former Subsec. (d) re competitive grants for innovative or exemplary programs; P.A. 86-301 amended Subsec. (b) to increase grant amount from $70,000 to $75,000; P.A. 87-327 amended Subsec. (b) to increase grant amount from to $85,000; P.A. 88-358 added new Subsec. (d) re listing of grants to regional educational service centers; P.A. 89-124 amended Subsec. (c) to substitute state aid pursuant to Sec. 10-262h for proportionate shares as determined in accordance with Sec. 10-262c which was repealed by Sec. 8 of public act 88-358 and made technical changes; June Sp. Sess. 91-7 amended Subsec. (d) to change the amount of the grants; P.A. 95-226 amended Subsec. (d) to authorize grant to RESCUE, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-244 substituted “EDUCATION CONNECTION” for “RESCUE” in Subsec. (d), effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 00-187 replaced former Subsecs. (b), (c) and (d) that specified amounts for grants to each center with the formula in new Subsec. (b), added new Subsec. (c) re requirement for the expenditure of specified percentage of the amount received, and added new Subsec. (d) to provide that within available appropriations no center receive less aid under the formula than it received for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1999, and to provide a method for proportionately reducing grants if necessary, effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 added Subsec. (e) re support of minority educator recruitment and data collection and analysis, effective July 1, 2001; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 added new Subsec., designated Subsec. (f) by the Revisors, re proportional reduction of grants for fiscal years ending June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2005, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 04-26 made a technical change in Subsec. (f), effective April 28, 2004; P.A. 05-245 amended Subsec. (f) by extending the proportional reduction of grants through the fiscal year ending June 30, 2007, effective July 1, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 amended Subsec. (f) to extend proportional reduction of grants through the fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, effective July 1, 2007; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6 amended Subsec. (f) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2011, effective October 5, 2009; P.A. 11-48 amended Subsec. (f) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2013, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-179 deleted former Subsec. (c) re requirement for expenditure of specified percentage of amount received, redesignated existing Subsecs. (d) to (f) as Subsecs. (c) to (e) and amended redesignated Subsec. (d) by deleting provision re data collection and analysis on efforts to reduce racial, ethnic and economic isolation, effective July 13, 2011; P.A. 13-247 amended Subsec. (e) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2015, effective July 1, 2013; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (e) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2017, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 amended Subsec. (e) to replace “June 30, 2017” with “June 30, 2019”, effective October 31, 2017; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (e) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal years ending June 30, 2022, and June 30, 2023, effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-66k. Revocation of participation; effect on pledge for security of bonds. Existence of center and repayment of obligations. (a) Any participating member of a board of a regional educational service center may revoke such participation by giving notice to such board of its intention to terminate its participation at least six months prior to the start of the fiscal year beginning July first.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section and section 10-66a, no withdrawal or termination of participation by any member board of education shall affect any pledge, agreement, assignment or mortgage of any income, revenue, proceeds or property of a regional educational service center made for the benefit or security of any bonds, notes or other obligations or any repayment obligations under any credit or liquidity facility provided pursuant to this chapter.

(c) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, no regional educational service center shall cease to exist until such time as payment or provision for payment of all such center's outstanding bonds, notes or other obligations, including any outstanding repayment obligations under any credit or liquidity facility, is made.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 11; P.A. 95-259, S. 30, 32.)

History: P.A. 95-259 made the existing section Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b) re withdrawal or termination of participation and Subsec. (c) re limitation on when service center can cease to exist, effective July 6, 1995.

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Sec. 10-66l. Boards of education may join center within or outside area. Boards of education within an area may join any regional educational service center established therein. Boards of education outside the area in which the center is located may join the center upon approval of a majority of the boards which are members of the center at the time the application to join is filed with the center.

(1972, P.A. 117, S. 12.)

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Sec. 10-66m. Other cooperative agreements not affected. No provisions of sections 10-66a to 10-66l, inclusive, shall be construed to affect cooperative arrangements by boards of education under section 10-76e or section 10-158a.

(P.A. 78-295, S. 8, 9.)

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Sec. 10-66n. Grants for identifying and disseminating information re exemplary classroom projects. (a) The Department of Education shall establish a grant program in each fiscal year in which funds are appropriated to identify and disseminate information regarding exemplary classroom projects.

(b) Regional educational service centers may apply for grants under this section at such time and on such forms as the Commissioner of Education prescribes. The grants shall be used to identify exemplary classroom projects in the local and regional schools within their respective districts and disseminate information state-wide regarding the identified projects.

(c) Within the availability of funds, the amount to which each regional educational service center shall be entitled in each fiscal year shall be determined by multiplying the total amount appropriated for such fiscal year by the ratio of the number of full-time equivalent staff members, certified pursuant to section 10-145, in each region, to the total number of such certified staff members in the state. If the commissioner finds that any such grant is being used for purposes which are not in conformity with the purposes of this section, the commissioner may require repayment of the grant to the state.

(d) Each regional educational service center shall prepare a financial statement of expenditures and an annual project report. The report shall describe project activities and the degree to which the project met its goals and objectives. Such financial statements and reports shall be submitted to the department on or before September first of the fiscal year immediately following each fiscal year in which the regional educational service center participates in the grant program. Not later than January 15, 1989, the State Board of Education shall report to the committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education concerning the operation and effectiveness of the programs funded under this section.

(May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 34, 58; P.A. 03-76, S. 6.)

History: P.A. 03-76 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective June 3, 2003.

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Sec. 10-66o. Provision of goods and services to boards of education. The Department of Education shall encourage the use of regional educational service centers as providers of goods and services for local and regional boards of education and may award special consideration to grant applications that indicate the use of services of regional educational service centers or joint purchasing agreements among boards of education for the purpose of purchasing instructional or other supplies, testing materials, special education services, health care services or food or food services.

(P.A. 06-192, S. 11; June 19 Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-1, S. 20.)

History: P.A. 06-192 effective July 1, 2006; June 19 Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-1 added “special education services, health care services”, effective July 1, 2009.

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Sec. 10-66p. Allocation and expenditure of funds for professional development services, technical assistance and evaluation activities. Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 4-98, 4-212 to 4-219, inclusive, 4a-51 and 4a-57, the Commissioner of Education may allocate funds to allow regional educational service centers and state education organizations to provide professional development services, technical assistance and evaluation activities to local and regional boards of education, state charter schools, technical education and career schools, school readiness providers and other educational entities, as determined by the commissioner. Regional educational service centers and state education organizations shall expend such funds in accordance with procedures and conditions prescribed by the commissioner. For purposes of this section, state education organizations may include, but not be limited to, organizations or associations representing superintendents, boards of education and elementary and secondary schools.

(P.A. 08-139, S. 1; P.A. 10-111, S. 10; P.A. 12-116, S. 87; P.A. 17-237, S. 50.)

History: P.A. 08-139 effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 10-111 added provisions re state education organizations, effective July 1, 2010; pursuant to P.A. 12-116, “regional vocational-technical schools” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “technical high schools”, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 17-237 replaced “technical high schools” with “technical education and career schools”, effective July 1, 2017.

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Sec. 10-66q. Uniform regional school calendar. (a) Not later than April 1, 2014, each regional educational service center shall develop a uniform regional school calendar that may be adopted by each local or regional board of education in the area served by such regional educational service center, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section. Such uniform regional school calendars shall be consistent with the guidelines for a uniform regional school calendar developed pursuant to section 321 of public act 13-247*. Not later than April 1, 2014, each regional educational service center shall submit such uniform regional school calendar to the State Board of Education for approval. Not later than five days after such approval, such regional educational service center shall submit such approved uniform regional school calendar to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(b) For the school year commencing July 1, 2017, and each school year thereafter, a local or regional board of education may adopt the uniform regional school calendar developed and approved pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Not later than July 1, 2017, and annually thereafter, the Commissioner of Education shall submit a report on which boards of education have adopted the uniform regional school calendar and the implementation of such uniform regional school calendars, pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, and any recommendations for legislation relating to such implementation to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(P.A. 13-247, S. 322; P.A. 14-38, S. 1; P.A. 17-220, S. 1.)

*Note: Section 321 of public act 13-247 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.

History: P.A. 13-247 effective June 19, 2013; P.A. 14-38 amended Subsec. (b) by making provisions applicable to school year commencing July 1, 2015, and amended Subsec. (c) by designating existing language as Subdiv. (1) and amending same to add “Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, for” and replacing “2015” with “2016”, and adding Subdiv. (2) re delay of implementation of uniform regional school calendar until school year commencing July 1, 2017, effective May 28, 2014; P.A. 17-220 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “to be used” with “that may be adopted” and replacing “subsections (b) and (c)” with “subsection (b)”, amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “July 1, 2014, and July 1, 2015” with “July 1, 2017, and each school year thereafter”, deleted former Subsecs. (c), (d)(1) and (d)(2), and redesignated existing Subsec. (d)(3) re report as Subsec. (c) and amended same by deleting “January 1, 2016, and” and adding “which boards of education have adopted the uniform regional school calendar and”, and made conforming changes, effective July 1, 2017.

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Sec. 10-66r. Regional model for provision of special education services re transportation, training and therapeutic services. (a) Each regional educational service center shall develop, in consultation with the Department of Education, a regional model for the provision of special education services related to transportation, training and therapeutic services to be used for the provision of such special education services to all school districts served by such regional educational service center. Each regional model shall take into account the least restrictive environment for students receiving special education and related services and include (1) a regional transportation plan, developed in consultation with public transit districts, that provides transportation to children requiring special education and related services, (2) a regional educator training plan that provides special education training to teachers, school paraprofessionals and administrators that includes, but need not be limited to, instruction regarding classroom techniques to improve the provision of special education and related services to children and the implementation of scientific research-based interventions, (3) a regional plan for the provision of therapeutic services, including, but not limited to, speech therapy, physical therapy and occupational therapy, and (4) a plan for the provision of transportation, training and therapeutic services in a manner that makes such services readily available to each school district served by the regional educational service center rather than by request of a school district.

(b) Not later than October 1, 2016, each regional educational service center shall submit such model to the State Board of Education and the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 275.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66s. Survey re special education services and programs. Not later than July 1, 2016, each regional educational service center shall conduct, in consultation with the Department of Education, a survey of special education services and programs provided in the region serviced by the regional educational service center for the purpose of identifying the need for enhanced or new special education services and programs provided by the regional educational service center. Such survey shall include, but need not be limited to, (1) an inventory of special education services and programs provided by local and regional boards of education and private providers to public school students, (2) the number of students receiving special education services or in special education programs provided by a local or regional board of education or private provider, (3) the total cost incurred by each school district for all such special education services and programs, and (4) the cost incurred by each school district for each such special education service and program. Each regional educational service center shall develop and maintain its own survey procedure and may conduct subsequent surveys as necessary.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 284.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66t. Survey re English language learner services and bilingual education programs. Not later than July 1, 2016, each regional educational service center shall conduct a survey of English language learner services and bilingual education programs provided in the region serviced by the regional educational service center for the purpose of identifying the need for enhanced or new English language learner services and bilingual education programs provided by the regional educational service center. Such survey shall include, but need not be limited to, (1) an inventory of English language learner services and bilingual education programs provided by local and regional boards of education to public school students, (2) the number of students receiving English language learner services or enrolled in bilingual education programs provided by a local or regional board of education, and (3) the total cost incurred by each school district for all such English language learner services and bilingual education programs and the cost incurred by each school district for each such English language learner service and bilingual education program. Each regional educational service center shall develop and maintain its own survey procedure and may conduct subsequent surveys as necessary.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 297.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66u. Regional trauma coordinators. Responsibilities. For the fiscal years ending June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2024, each regional educational service center shall hire an individual to serve as the regional trauma coordinator for such center. Such individual shall have significant trauma-informed experience and have completed specific professional training focused on trauma. The regional trauma coordinator for each such center shall be responsible for: (1) Developing a trauma-informed care training program in accordance with the provisions of section 10-66v, (2) implementing the trauma-informed care training program, (3) providing technical assistance to the local and regional boards of education that are members of the regional educational service center in implementing the trauma-informed care training program, (4) training school mental health specialists, as defined in section 12 of public act 22-47*, to be the trainers under the trauma-informed care training program, and (5) ensuring that such trainers are properly training teachers, administrators, school staff and coaches under the trauma-informed care training program.

(P.A. 22-47, S. 17.)

*Note: Section 12 of public act 22-47 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.

History: P.A. 22-47 effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-66v. Trauma-informed care training program. (a) The regional trauma coordinators employed by the regional educational service centers, described in section 10-66u, shall jointly develop and implement a trauma-informed care training program. Such training program shall utilize a training model that will enable school mental health specialists, as defined in section 12 of public act 22-47*, to deliver trauma-informed care training to all teachers, administrators, school staff and coaches upon completion of the training program. In developing such trauma-informed care training program, the regional trauma coordinators (1) shall attempt to design such trauma-informed care training in a manner that it can be included as part of a local or regional board of education's in-service training program, pursuant to section 10-220a, and (2) may collaborate with any nonprofit organization in the state that focuses on child health and development and trauma-informed care for children.

(b) The regional trauma coordinator for each regional educational service center shall offer trauma-informed care training at no cost to school mental health specialists or the local or regional boards of education that are members of such regional educational service center and that employ such school mental health specialists. Any school mental health specialist who has participated in the trauma-informed care program described in subsection (a) of this section shall be the person to provide such trauma-informed training to teachers, administrators, school staff and coaches under this section.

(c) A local or regional board of education may enter into an agreement with the trauma coordinator for the regional educational service center to provide the trauma-informed care training program as part of the in-service training program for the school district, pursuant to section 10-220a.

(d) (1) Each regional trauma coordinator shall develop a progress report on the implementation of the trauma-informed care training program for the prior fiscal year. Such progress report shall include an analysis of the effectiveness and results of the program. Not later than January 1, 2024, each regional trauma coordinator shall submit such progress report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a, to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and children.

(2) Each regional trauma coordinator shall develop a final report on the implementation of the trauma-informed care training program for the previous two fiscal years. Such final report shall include (A) an analysis of the effectiveness and results of the program, and (B) recommendations concerning whether the trauma-informed care training program should be extended and funded for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2025, and June 30, 2026. Not later than January 1, 2025, each regional trauma coordinator shall submit such final report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a, to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and children.

(P.A. 22-47, S. 18.)

*Note: Section 12 of public act 22-47 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.

History: P.A. 22-47 effective July 1, 2022.

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Secs. 10-66w to 10-66z. Reserved for future use.

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PART IVb*

CHARTER SCHOOLS

*See Sec. 10-285h re pilot program for development of a state charter school.

Sec. 10-66aa. Charter schools: Definitions. As used in this section and sections 10-66bb to 10-66uu, inclusive:

(1) “Charter school” means a public, nonsectarian school which is (A) established under a charter granted pursuant to section 10-66bb, (B) organized as a nonprofit entity under state law, (C) a public agency for the purposes of the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200, and (D) operated independently of any local or regional board of education in accordance with the terms of its charter and the provisions of this section and sections 10-66bb to 10-66uu, inclusive, provided no member or employee of a governing council of a charter school shall have a personal or financial interest in the assets, real or personal, of the school;

(2) “Local charter school” means a public school or part of a public school that is converted into a charter school and is approved by the local or regional board of education of the school district in which it is located and by the State Board of Education pursuant to subsection (e) of section 10-66bb;

(3) “State charter school” means a new public school approved by the State Board of Education pursuant to subsection (f) of section 10-66bb;

(4) “Charter management organization” means any not-for-profit organization that (A) is exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time, and (B) contracts with a charter school for educational design, implementation or whole school management services;

(5) “Whole school management services” means the financial, business, operational and administrative functions for a school; and

(6) “Charter” means a charter for a local or state charter school granted by the State Board of Education on or before June 30, 2015, and with respect to a charter granted or renewed on or after July 1, 2015, a contract between the governing council of a charter school and the State Board of Education that sets forth the roles, powers, responsibilities and performance expectations of each party to the contract.

(P.A. 96-214, S. 1; P.A. 97-47, S. 29; P.A. 99-289, S. 4, 11; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 26, 54; P.A. 08-50, S. 3; P.A. 10-111, S. 11; P.A. 15-239, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 97-47 amended Subdiv. (1) by substituting reference to the Freedom of Information Act for reference to Ch. 3; P.A. 99-289 amended Subdiv. (1) to add prohibition against member or employee having a personal or financial interest in the assets of the school, effective July 1, 1999; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 applied definitions to Sec. 10-66hh, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 08-50 replaced “section 10-66hh” with “sections 10-66hh to 10-66kk, inclusive”, effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 10-111 added Subdivs. (4) and (5) defining “charter management organization” and “whole school management services”, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 15-239 replaced references to Secs. 10-66aa to 10-66ff and Secs. 10-66hh to 10-66kk with references to “this section” and Secs. 10-66bb to 10-66uu, amended Subdiv. (4) by redefining “charter management organization”, added Subdiv. (6) defining “charter”, and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66bb. Application process and requirements. Initial certificate of approval for charter. Charter renewal. Probation. Revocation. Enrollment lottery; exceptions. (a)(1) On and after July 1, 1997, and prior to July 1, 2015, the State Board of Education may grant charters for local and state charter schools in accordance with this section. On and after July 1, 2015, such state board may grant initial certificates of approval for charters for local and state charter schools in accordance with this section. Upon granting an initial certificate of approval for a charter, such state board shall submit a copy of the initial certificate of approval for the charter and a summary of the comments made at a public hearing conducted pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of this section or subparagraph (B)(ii) of subdivision (1) of subsection (f) of this section, in accordance with section 11-4a, to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education and appropriations and the budgets of state agencies.

(2) The General Assembly may appropriate funds to the Department of Education for the purposes of providing grants to local and state charter schools, pursuant to section 10-66ee. If such funds are appropriated, an initial certificate of approval for a charter for a local or state charter school shall be effective and deemed a charter as of July first of the first fiscal year for which such funds are appropriated.

(3) A charter or initial certificate of approval for a charter granted under this section shall not be considered a license, as defined in section 4-166, for the purposes of chapter 54.

(b) Any not-for-profit organization that is exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time, public or independent institution of higher education, local or regional board of education or two or more boards of education cooperatively, or regional educational service center may apply to the Commissioner of Education, at such time and in such manner as the commissioner prescribes, to obtain an initial certificate of approval for a charter, provided no nonpublic elementary or secondary school may be established as a charter school and no parent or group of parents providing home instruction may establish a charter school for such instruction.

(c) On and after July 1, 2015, the State Board of Education shall review, annually, all applications and grant initial certificates of approval for charters, in accordance with subsections (e) and (f) of this section, for a local or state charter school located in a town that has one or more schools that have been designated as a commissioner's network school, pursuant to section 10-223h, at the time of such application, or a town that has been designated as a low achieving school district, pursuant to section 10-223e, at the time of such application. (1) Except as provided for in subdivision (2) of this subsection, no state charter school shall enroll (A) (i) more than two hundred fifty students, or (ii) in the case of a kindergarten to grade eight, inclusive, school, more than three hundred students, or (B) twenty-five per cent of the enrollment of the school district in which the state charter school is to be located, whichever is less. (2) In the case of a state charter school found by the State Board of Education to have a demonstrated record of achievement, said board shall, upon application by such school to said board, waive the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection for such school. (3) The State Board of Education shall give preference to applicants for charter schools (A) whose primary purpose is the establishment of education programs designed to serve one or more of the following student populations: (i) Students with a history of low academic performance, (ii) students who receive free or reduced priced lunches pursuant to federal law and regulations, (iii) students with a history of behavioral and social difficulties, (iv) students identified as requiring special education, (v) students who are English language learners, or (vi) students of a single gender; (B) whose primary purpose is to improve the academic performance of an existing school that has consistently demonstrated substandard academic performance, as determined by the Commissioner of Education; (C) that will serve students who reside in a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p; (D) that will serve students who reside in a district in which seventy-five per cent or more of the enrolled students are members of racial or ethnic minorities; (E) that demonstrate highly credible and specific strategies to attract, enroll and retain students from among the populations described in subparagraph (A)(i) to (A)(vi), inclusive, of this subdivision; or (F) that, in the case of an applicant for a state charter school, such state charter school will be located at a work-site or such applicant is an institution of higher education. In determining whether to grant an initial certificate of approval for a charter, the State Board of Education shall consider (i) the effect of the proposed charter school on (I) the reduction of racial, ethnic and economic isolation in the region in which it is to be located, (II) the regional distribution of charter schools in the state, (III) the potential of over-concentration of charter schools within a school district or in contiguous school districts, and (IV) the state's efforts to close achievement gaps, as defined in section 10-16oo, and (ii) the comments made at a public hearing conducted pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of this section or subparagraph (B)(ii) of subdivision (1) of subsection (f) of this section.

(d) Applications pursuant to this section shall include a description of: (1) The mission, purpose and any specialized focus of the proposed charter school; (2) the interest in the community for the establishment of the charter school; (3) the school governance and procedures for the establishment of a governing council that (A) includes (i) teachers and parents and guardians of students enrolled in the school, and (ii) the chairperson of the local or regional board of education of the town in which the charter school is located and which has jurisdiction over a school that resembles the approximate grade configuration of the charter school, or the designee of such chairperson, provided such designee is a member of the board of education or the superintendent of schools for the school district, or the superintendent's designee, and (B) is responsible for the oversight of charter school operations, provided no member or employee of the governing council may have a personal or financial interest in the assets, real or personal, of the school; (4) the financial plan for operation of the school, provided no application fees or other fees for attendance, except as provided in this section, may be charged; (5) the educational program, instructional methodology and services to be offered to students; (6) the number and qualifications of teachers and administrators to be employed in the school; (7) the organization of the school in terms of the ages or grades to be taught and the total estimated enrollment of the school; (8) the student admission criteria and procedures to (A) ensure effective public information, (B) ensure open access on a space available basis, including the enrollment of students during the school year if spaces become available in the charter school, (C) promote a diverse student body, and (D) ensure that the school complies with the provisions of section 10-15c and that it does not discriminate on the basis of disability, athletic performance or proficiency in the English language, provided the school may limit enrollment to a particular grade level or specialized educational focus and, if there is not space available for all students seeking enrollment, the school may give preference to siblings but shall otherwise determine enrollment by a lottery, except the State Board of Education may waive the requirements for such enrollment lottery pursuant to subsection (j) of this section; (9) a means to assess student performance that includes participation in mastery examinations, pursuant to section 10-14n; (10) procedures for teacher evaluation and professional development for teachers and administrators; (11) the provision of school facilities, pupil transportation and student health and welfare services; (12) procedures to encourage involvement by parents and guardians of enrolled students in student learning, school activities and school decision-making; (13) procedures to document efforts to increase the racial and ethnic diversity of staff; (14) a five-year plan to sustain the maintenance and operation of the school; (15) a student recruitment and retention plan that shall include, but not be limited to, a clear description of a plan and the capacity of the school to attract, enroll and retain students from among the populations described in subparagraph (A)(i) to (A)(v), inclusive, of subdivision (3) of subsection (c) of this section; (16) a plan to share student learning practices and experiences with the local or regional board of education of the town in which the proposed charter school is to be located; and (17) in the case of an application in which the governing council of the proposed charter school intends to contract with a charter management organization for whole school management services: (A) Evidence of the charter management organization's ability to (i) serve student populations that are similar to the student population that will be served by the proposed charter school, (ii) create strong academic outcomes for students, and (iii) successfully manage nonacademic school functions, (B) a term sheet that sets forth (i) the length of the contract for whole school management services, (ii) the roles and responsibilities of the governing council of the proposed charter school, the staff of the proposed charter school and the charter management organization, (iii) the scope of services and resources to be provided by the charter management organization, (iv) the performance evaluation measures and timelines, (v) the compensation structure, including a clear identification of all fees to be paid to the charter management organization, (vi) the methods of contract oversight and enforcement, and (vii) the conditions for renewal and termination of the contract, and (C) evidence of compliance with the provisions of section 10-66tt. Subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of section 10-66dd, an application may include, or a charter school may file, requests to waive provisions of the general statutes and regulations not required under sections 10-66aa to 10-66nn, inclusive, and which are within the jurisdiction of the State Board of Education.

(e) An application for the establishment of a local charter school shall be submitted to the local or regional board of education of the school district in which the local charter school is to be located for approval pursuant to this subsection. The local or regional board of education shall: (1) Review the application; (2) hold a public hearing in the school district on such application; (3) survey teachers and parents in the school district to determine if there is sufficient interest in the establishment and operation of the local charter school; and (4) vote on a complete application not later than seventy-five days after the date of receipt of such application. Such board of education may approve the application by a majority vote of the members of the board present and voting at a regular or special meeting of the board called for such purpose. If the application is approved, the board shall forward the application to the State Board of Education. The State Board of Education shall vote on the application not later than sixty days after the date of receipt of such application. Subject to the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, the State Board of Education may approve the application and grant the initial certificate of approval for the charter for the local charter school or reject such application by a majority vote of the members of the state board present and voting at a regular or special meeting of the state board called for such purpose. The State Board of Education may condition granting the initial certificate of approval for the charter for the local charter school on the applicant meeting certain conditions determined by the Commissioner of Education to be necessary and may authorize the commissioner to release the initial certificate of approval for the charter when the commissioner determines such conditions are met. After an initial certificate of approval for a charter for a local charter school is deemed a charter pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section, such charter may be valid for a period of time of up to five years. The state board may allow the applicant to delay its opening for a period of up to one school year in order for the applicant to fully prepare to provide appropriate instructional services. On and after July 1, 2015, any initial certificate of approval for a charter granted by the state board to a local charter school shall include academic and organizational performance goals, developed by the state board, that set forth the performance indicators, measures and metrics that will be used by the state board to evaluate the local charter school.

(f) (1) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, an application for the establishment of a state charter school shall be (A) submitted to the State Board of Education for approval in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, and (B) filed with the local or regional board of education in the school district in which the charter school is to be located. The state board shall: (i) Review such application; (ii) hold a public hearing on such application in the school district in which such state charter school is to be located; (iii) solicit and review comments on the application from the local or regional board of education for the school district in which such charter school is to be located and from the local or regional boards of education for school districts that are contiguous to the district in which such school is to be located; and (iv) vote on a complete application not later than ninety days after the date of receipt of such application. The State Board of Education may approve an application and grant the initial certificate of approval for the charter for the state charter school by a majority vote of the members of the state board present and voting at a regular or special meeting of the state board called for such purpose. The State Board of Education may condition granting the initial certificate of approval for the charter for the state charter school on the applicant meeting certain conditions determined by the Commissioner of Education to be necessary and may authorize the commissioner to release the initial certificate of approval for the charter when the commissioner determines such conditions are met. After an initial certificate of approval for a charter for a state charter school is deemed a charter pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section, such charter may be valid for a period of time of up to five years. The state board may allow the applicant to delay its opening for a period of up to one school year in order for the applicant to fully prepare to provide appropriate instructional services. On and after July 1, 2015, any initial certificate of approval for a charter granted by the state board to a state charter school shall include academic and organizational performance goals, developed by the state board, that set forth the performance indicators, measures and metrics that will be used by the state board to evaluate the state charter school.

(2) On and after July 1, 2012, and before July 1, 2015, the State Board of Education shall not approve more than four applications for the establishment of new state charter schools unless two of the four such applications are for the establishment of two new state charter schools whose mission, purpose and specialized focus is to provide dual language programs or other models focusing on language acquisition for English language learners. Approval of applications under this subdivision shall be in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(g) Charters may be renewed, upon application, in accordance with the provisions of this section for the granting of such charters. Upon application for such renewal, the State Board of Education may commission an independent appraisal of the performance of the charter school that includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the school's compliance with the provisions of this section and, on and after July 1, 2015, progress in meeting the academic and organizational performance goals set forth in the charter granted to the charter school. The State Board of Education shall consider the results of any such appraisal in determining whether to renew such charter. The State Board of Education may deny an application for the renewal of a charter if (1) student progress has not been sufficiently demonstrated, as determined by the commissioner, (2) the governing council has not been sufficiently responsible for the operation of the school or has misused or spent public funds in a manner that is detrimental to the educational interests of the students attending the charter school, (3) the school has not been in compliance with the terms of the charter, applicable laws and regulations, (4) the efforts of the school have been insufficient to effectively attract, enroll and retain students from among the following populations: (A) Students with a history of low academic performance, (B) students who receive free or reduced priced lunches pursuant to federal law and regulations, (C) students with a history of behavioral and social difficulties, (D) students identified as requiring special education, or (E) students who are English language learners, or (5) the governing council of the state or local charter school has not provided evidence that such council has initiated substantive communication with the local or regional board of education of the town in which the state or local charter school is located to share student learning practices and experiences. If the State Board of Education does not renew a charter, it shall notify the governing council of the charter school of the reasons for such nonrenewal. On and after July 1, 2015, any charter renewed by the State Board of Education shall include academic and organizational performance goals, developed by the state board, that set forth the performance indicators, measures and metrics that will be used by the state board to evaluate the charter school.

(h) The Commissioner of Education may at any time place a charter school on probation if (1) the school has failed to (A) adequately demonstrate student progress, as determined by the commissioner, (B) comply with the terms of its charter or with applicable laws and regulations, (C) achieve measurable progress in reducing racial, ethnic and economic isolation, or (D) maintain its nonsectarian status, or (2) the governing council has demonstrated an inability to provide effective leadership to oversee the operation of the charter school or has not ensured that public funds are expended prudently or in a manner required by law. If a charter school is placed on probation, the commissioner shall provide written notice to the charter school of the reasons for such placement, not later than five days after the placement, and shall require the charter school to file with the Department of Education a corrective action plan acceptable to the commissioner not later than thirty-five days from the date of such placement. The charter school shall implement a corrective action plan accepted by the commissioner not later than thirty days after the date of such acceptance. The commissioner may impose any additional terms of probation on the school that the commissioner deems necessary to protect the educational or financial interests of the state. The charter school shall comply with any such additional terms not later than thirty days after the date of their imposition. The commissioner shall determine the length of time of the probationary period, which may be up to one year, provided the commissioner may extend such period, for up to one additional year, if the commissioner deems it necessary. In the event that the charter school does not file or implement the corrective action plan within the required time period or does not comply with any additional terms within the required time period, the Commissioner of Education may withhold grant funds from the school until the plan is fully implemented or the school complies with the terms of probation, provided the commissioner may extend the time period for such implementation and compliance for good cause shown. Whenever a charter school is placed on probation, the commissioner shall notify the parents or guardians of students attending the school of the probationary status of the school and the reasons for such status. During the term of probation, the commissioner may require the school to file interim reports concerning any matter the commissioner deems relevant to the probationary status of the school, including financial reports or statements. No charter school on probation may increase its student enrollment or engage in the recruitment of new students without the consent of the commissioner.

(i) The State Board of Education may revoke a charter if a charter school has failed to: (1) Comply with the terms of probation, including the failure to file or implement a corrective action plan; (2) demonstrate satisfactory student progress, as determined by the commissioner; (3) comply with the terms of its charter or applicable laws and regulations; or (4) manage its public funds in a prudent or legal manner. Unless an emergency exists, prior to revoking a charter, the State Board of Education shall provide the governing council of the charter school with a written notice of the reasons for the revocation, including the identification of specific incidents of noncompliance with the law, regulation or charter or other matters warranting revocation of the charter. The State Board of Education shall also provide the governing council with the opportunity to demonstrate compliance with all requirements for the retention of its charter by providing the State Board of Education or a subcommittee of the board, as determined by the State Board of Education, with a written or oral presentation. Such presentation shall include an opportunity for the governing council to present documentary and testimonial evidence to refute the facts cited by the State Board of Education for the proposed revocation or in justification of its activities. Such opportunity shall not constitute a contested case within the meaning of chapter 54. The State Board of Education shall determine, not later than thirty days after the date of an oral presentation or receipt of a written presentation, whether and when the charter shall be revoked and notify the governing council of the decision and the reasons therefor. A decision to revoke a charter shall not constitute a final decision for purposes of chapter 54. In the event an emergency exists in which the commissioner finds that there is imminent harm to the students attending a charter school, the State Board of Education may immediately revoke the charter of the school, provided the notice concerning the reasons for the revocation is sent to the governing council not later than ten days after the date of revocation and the governing council is provided an opportunity to make a presentation to the board not later than twenty days from the date of such notice.

(j) (1) The governing council of a state or local charter school may apply to the State Board of Education for a waiver of the requirements of the enrollment lottery described in subdivision (8) of subsection (d) of this section, provided such state or local charter school has as its primary purpose the establishment of education programs designed to serve one or more of the following populations: (A) Students with a history of behavioral and social difficulties, (B) students identified as requiring special education, (C) students who are English language learners, or (D) students of a single gender.

(2) An enrollment lottery described in subdivision (8) of subsection (d) of this section shall not be held for a local charter school that is established at a school that is among the schools with a percentage equal to or less than five per cent when all schools are ranked highest to lowest in accountability index scores, as defined in section 10-223e.

(P.A. 96-214, S. 2; P.A. 97-290, S. 7, 29; P.A. 98-252, S. 6, 80; P.A. 99-289, S. 5, 11; P.A. 00-220, S. 5, 43; P.A. 03-76, S. 7; P.A. 06-55, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 12; P.A. 10-111, S. 12; P.A. 11-28, S. 3; 11-179, S. 11; P.A. 12-116, S. 32; P.A. 13-31, S. 6; 13-207, S. 15; P.A. 15-239, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 330.)

History: P.A. 97-290 amended Subsec. (c) to change the limit on the number of charter schools from 12 local and 12 state to 24 charter schools generally, to remove a limit on the total student population of all state charter schools, to remove restrictions on the number of charter schools that operate in Congressional districts and in a school district at any one time and to substitute requirement for consideration of regional distribution of charter schools in the state and the over concentration of charter schools within a school district in determining whether to grant a charter, to add preferences for a district in which 75% or more of the enrolled students are members of racial or ethnic minorities and for state charter schools located at a work-site and to require consideration of the effect of the proposed charter school on the reduction of racial, ethnic and economic isolation in the region in which it is to be located in determining whether to grant a charter, and amended Subsec. (d) to add requirement to document efforts to increase racial and ethnic diversity as new Subdiv. (13) and redesignate existing Subdiv. (13) as Subdiv. (14), and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-252 amended Subsec. (d)(8)(D) to make a technical change, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-289 amended Subsec. (c) to limit the restriction for state charter schools to “on and after July 1, 1999” and to add restriction pertaining to kindergarten to grade eight school, amended Subsec. (d) to specify that the governing council be responsible for oversight of charter school operations and that no member or employee have a personal or financial interest in the assets of the school, amended Subsecs. (e) and (f) to allow the State Board of Education to condition the opening of the school, to authorize the state board to allow the applicant to delay the opening and to make technical changes, amended Subsec. (g) to add the provisions relating to the independent appraisal and the reasons for denial of application for renewal, amended Subsec. (h) to expand the reasons for placing a school on probation, specify the notice requirements in such cases, add provisions relating to corrective action plans, additional terms and interim reports and added Subsec. (i) re revocation, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-220 amended Subsec. (i) to make a technical change, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 03-76 made a technical change in Subsec. (h), effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 06-55 amended Subsec. (c) by deleting provision re maximum charters for period from July 1, 1997, to June 30, 1999, adding provision re annual review of applications and grant of charters in accordance with Subsec. (f), designating existing provisions re maximum enrollments as Subdiv. (1), making conforming and technical changes therein, and adding Subdiv. (2) re increased enrollments, effective May 8, 2006; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 amended Subsec. (d) to make technical changes, to designate existing language in Subdiv. (3)(A) as clause (i) and to add clause (ii) re member of governing council from local or regional board of education, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 10-111 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting “within available appropriations” and amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “such school” with “said board”, replacing “may” with “shall”, adding “by such school”, deleting “and approval by” and replacing “enroll up to eighty-five students per grade, if within available appropriations” with “waive the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection for such school”, effective May 26, 2010; P.A. 11-28 amended Subsec. (d)(13) by adding “procedures to”, effective June 3, 2011; P.A. 11-179 amended Subsec. (f) by increasing number of days State Board of Education has to vote on a complete application from 75 to 90, effective July 13, 2011; P.A. 12-116 amended Subsec. (c) by adding “On and after July 1, 2012”, adding provision re State Board of Education to grant charters to charter schools located in town with one or more commissioner's network schools or town designated as a low achieving school district, and designating existing provisions re preferences as Subdiv. (3) and adding therein new Subparas. (A), (B), (E) and (F) and designating existing language therein as Subparas. (C) and (D), amended Subsec. (d) by adding provision re enrollment of students during the school year if spaces become available and adding provision re waiver of enrollment lottery requirements in Subdiv. (8) and adding Subdiv. (15) re student recruitment and retention plan, amended Subsec. (f) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and adding new Subdiv. (2) re approval of 2 of the next 4 charter schools for dual language programs and English language learners, amended Subsec. (g) by adding Subdiv. (4) re denial of renewal application if efforts of school to attract certain student populations has been insufficient, added Subsec. (j) re waiver of enrollment lottery requirements, and made conforming and technical changes, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-31 amended Subsec. (j)(1) by adding reference to Subsec. (d)(8), effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 13-207 amended Subsec. (d)(9) by replacing “state-wide mastery examinations” with “mastery examinations” and replacing “chapter 163c” with “section 10-14n”, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 15-239 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and adding “and prior to July 1, 2015,” and provisions re initial certificates of approval for charters for local and state charter schools, adding Subdiv. (2) re effective date of a charter and adding Subdiv. (3) re charter and initial certificate of approval for a charter not to be considered a license, amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “person, association, corporation, organization or other entity” with “not-for-profit organization that is exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time”, and making conforming changes, amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “July 1, 2012” with “July 1, 2015”, adding provisions re State Board of Education to grant initial certificates of approval for charters, designating existing provisions re determinations whether to grant an initial certificate of approval for a charter as clause (i), designating therein subclauses (I), (II) and (III), adding subclause (IV) re efforts to close achievement gaps and adding clause (ii) re comments made at public hearing, amended Subsec. (d) by adding “or the superintendent's designee”, adding Subdiv. (16) re plan to share student learning practices and experiences and Subdiv. (17) re charter management organization, and replacing “10-66ff” with “10-66nn”, amended Subsec. (e) by increasing number of days the local or regional board of education has to vote on an application from 60 to 75, decreasing number of days the State Board of Education has to vote on an application from 75 to 60 and adding provisions re granting an initial certificate of approval for a charter for a local charter school and re academic and organizational performance goals, amended Subsec. (f) by adding provisions re granting an initial certificate of approval for a charter for a state charter school and re academic and organizational performance goals in Subdiv. (1), and replacing “July 1, 2017” with “July 1, 2015” in Subdiv. (2), amended Subsec. (g) by including progress in meeting academic and organizational performance goals in the renewal application, adding Subdiv. (5) re denial of renewal application if evidence that school initiated substantive communication re student learning practices and experiences has not been provided, and adding provision re renewed charters to include academic and organization performance goals, and made conforming and technical changes, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (j)(2) by replacing “school performance” with “accountability” re index scores, effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66cc. Strategic school profile report. Report on school's progress. (a) The governing council of a charter school shall submit annually, to the Commissioner of Education, a strategic school profile report as described in subsection (c) of section 10-220.

(b) The governing council of each charter school shall submit annually, to the Commissioner of Education, at such time and in such manner as the commissioner prescribes, and, in the case of a local charter school, to the local or regional board of education for the school district in which the school is located, a report on the school's progress in meeting the academic and organizational performance goals set forth in the charter, including a description of (1) the educational progress of students in the school, (2) the financial condition of the school, including a certified audit statement of all revenues from public and private sources and expenditures, (3) the school's accomplishment of the mission, purpose and any specialized focus of the charter school, (4) the racial and ethnic composition of the student body and efforts taken to increase the racial and ethnic diversity of the student body, and (5) best practices employed by the school that contribute significantly to the academic success of students.

(P.A. 96-214, S. 3; P.A. 97-290, S. 8, 29; P.A. 05-245, S. 21; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 13; P.A. 15-239, S. 3.)

History: P.A. 97-290 added Subsec. (b)(4) re racial and ethnic composition, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 05-245 amended Subsec. (b) by making a technical change and adding Subdiv. (5) re best practices, effective July 1, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 amended Subsec. (b)(2) to provide that the audit be of all revenues from public and private sources, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 15-239 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “school profile” with “strategic school profile report” and amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “condition of the school” with “school's progress in meeting the academic and organizational performance goals set forth in the charter” and making technical changes, effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66dd. School professionals and persons holding charter school educator permits employed in charter schools. Charter schools subject to laws governing public schools; exceptions; waivers. Participation in the state teacher retirement system. (a) For purposes of this section, “school professional” means any school teacher, administrator or other personnel certified by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-145b.

(b) (1) Subject to the provisions of this subsection and except as may be waived pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-66bb, charter schools shall be subject to all federal and state laws governing public schools.

(2) Subject to the provisions of subdivision (5) of this subsection, at least one-half of the persons providing instruction or pupil services in a charter school shall possess the proper certificate other than (A) a certificate issued pursuant to subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of section 10-145b, or (B) a temporary certificate issued pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-145f on the day the school begins operation and the remaining persons shall possess a certificate issued pursuant to said subdivision (1) or such temporary certificate on such day.

(3) The commissioner may not waive the provisions of chapters 163c and 169 and sections 10-15c, 10-153a to 10-153g, inclusive, 10-153i, 10-153j, 10-153m and 10-292.

(4) The state charter school governing council shall act as a board of education for purposes of collective bargaining. The school professionals and persons holding a charter school educator permit, issued by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-145q, employed by a local charter school shall be members of the appropriate bargaining unit for the local or regional school district in which the local charter school is located and shall be subject to the same collective bargaining agreement as the school professionals employed by such district. A majority of those employed or to be employed in the local charter school and a majority of the members of the governing council of the local charter school may modify, in writing, such collective bargaining agreement, consistent with the terms and conditions of the approved charter, for purposes of employment in the charter school.

(5) For the school year commencing July 1, 2011, and each school year thereafter, the Commissioner of Education may waive the requirements of subdivision (2) of this subsection for any administrator or person providing instruction or pupil services employed by a charter school who holds a charter school educator permit, issued pursuant to section 10-145q, provided not more than thirty per cent of the total number of administrators and persons providing instruction or pupil services employed by a charter school hold the charter school educator permit for the school year.

(6) For the school year commencing July 1, 2011, and each school year thereafter, any administrator holding a charter school educator permit, issued pursuant to section 10-145q, shall be authorized to supervise and conduct performance evaluations of any person providing instruction or pupil services in the charter school that such administrator is employed.

(c) School professionals employed by a local or regional board of education shall be entitled to a two-year leave of absence, without compensation, in order to be employed in a charter school provided such leave shall be extended upon request for an additional two years. At any time during or upon the completion of such a leave of absence, a school professional may return to work in the school district in the position in which he was previously employed or a comparable position. Such leave of absence shall not be deemed to be an interruption of service for purposes of seniority and teachers' retirement, except that time may not be accrued for purposes of attaining tenure. A school professional who is not on such a leave of absence and is employed for forty school months of full-time continuous employment by the charter school and is subsequently employed by a local or regional board of education shall attain tenure after the completion of twenty school months of full-time continuous employment by such board of education in accordance with section 10-151.

(d) (1) An otherwise qualified school professional hired by a charter school prior to July 1, 2010, and employed in a charter school may participate in the state teachers' retirement system under chapter 167a on the same basis as if such professional were employed by a local or regional board of education. The governing council of a charter school shall make the contributions, as defined in section 10-183b, for such professional.

(2) An otherwise qualified school professional hired by a charter school on or after July 1, 2010, and who has not previously been employed by a charter school in this state prior to July 1, 2010, shall participate in the state teachers' retirement system under chapter 167a on the same basis as if such professional were employed by a local or regional board of education. The governing council of a charter school shall make the contributions, as defined in section 10-183b, for such professional.

(3) Any administrator or person providing instruction or pupil services in a charter school who holds a charter school educator permit issued by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-145q shall participate in the state teachers' retirement system under chapter 167a pursuant to subdivision (2) of this section when such administrator or person providing instruction or pupil services obtains professional certification pursuant to section 10-145b.

(P.A. 96-214, S. 4; 96-244, S. 56, 63; P.A. 97-247, S. 14, 27; P.A. 10-111, S. 13; P.A. 11-28, S. 4, 5; 11-60, S. 1; 11-234, S. 2; P.A. 22-118, S. 190.)

History: P.A. 96-244 amended Subsec. (c) to remove provision that a leave of absence not be deemed an interruption of service for “any purpose of employment” and substituted “teacher's retirement” for “employee benefits”, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-247 made technical changes in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 10-111 amended Subsec. (d) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1), adding “hired by a charter school prior to July 1, 2010, and” therein and adding Subdiv. (2) re mandatory participation in teacher retirement system, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 11-28 made technical changes in Subsecs. (b) and (d), effective June 3, 2011; P.A. 11-60 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision re persons holding charter school educator permit in Subdiv. (4), adding Subdiv. (5) re waiver for charter school educator permit holders and making a conforming change in Subdiv. (2), and amended Subsec. (d) by adding Subdiv. (3) re participation in state teachers' retirement system when charter school educator permit holders obtain professional certification, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-234 made identical changes as P.A. 11-60 and added Subsec. (b)(6) re authorization for administrators holding permit to supervise and conduct performance evaluations, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 22-118 amended Subsec. (d) to delete references to Subdiv. (7) of Sec. 10-183b in Subdivs. (1) and (2), effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-66ee. Charter school funding. Special education students. Transportation. Contracts. Cooperative arrangements. (a) For the purposes of equalization aid under section 10-262h a student enrolled (1) in a local charter school shall be considered a student enrolled in the school district in which such student resides, and (2) in a state charter school shall not be considered a student enrolled in the school district in which such student resides.

(b) (1) The local board of education of the school district in which a student enrolled in a local charter school resides shall pay, annually, in accordance with its charter, to the fiscal authority for the charter school for each such student the amount specified in its charter, including the reasonable special education costs of students requiring special education. The board of education shall be eligible for reimbursement for such special education costs pursuant to section 10-76g.

(2) The local or regional board of education of the school district in which the local charter school is located shall be responsible for the financial support of such local charter school at a level that is at least equal to the product of (A) the per pupil cost for the fiscal year two years prior to the fiscal year for which support will be provided, and (B) the number of students attending such local charter school in the current fiscal year. As used in this subdivision, “per pupil cost” means, for a local or regional board of education, the quotient of the current program expenditures, as defined in section 10-262f, divided by the number of resident students, as defined in section 10-262f, of such local or regional board of education.

(c) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2014, and each fiscal year thereafter, the State Board of Education may approve, within available appropriations, a per student grant to a local charter school in an amount not to exceed three thousand dollars for each student enrolled in such local charter school, provided the local or regional board of education for such local charter school and the representatives of the exclusive bargaining unit for certified employees, chosen pursuant to section 10-153b, mutually agree on staffing flexibility in such local charter school, and such agreement is approved by the State Board of Education. The state shall make such payments, in accordance with this subsection, to the fiscal authority for a local charter school for each student enrolled in such school as follows: Twenty-five per cent of the amount not later than July fifteenth and September first based on estimated student enrollment on May first, and twenty-five per cent of the amount not later than January first and the remaining amount not later than April first, each based on student enrollment on October first.

(d) (1) As used in this subsection:

(A) “Total charter need students” means the sum of (i) the number of students enrolled in state charter schools under the control of the governing authority for such state charter schools for the school year, and (ii) for the school year commencing July 1, 2021, and each school year thereafter, (I) thirty per cent of the number of children enrolled in such state charter schools eligible for free or reduced price meals or free milk, (II) fifteen per cent of the number of such children eligible for free or reduced price meals or free milk in excess of the number of such children eligible for free or reduced price meals or free milk that is equal to sixty per cent of the total number of children enrolled in such state charter schools, and (III) twenty-five per cent of the number of students enrolled in such state charter schools who are English language learners, as defined in section 10-76kk.

(B) “Foundation” has the same meaning as provided in section 10-262f.

(C) “Charter full weighted funding per student” means the quotient of (i) the product of the total charter need students and the foundation, and (ii) the number of students enrolled in state charter schools under the control of the governing authority for such state charter schools for the school year.

(D) “Charter grant adjustment” means the absolute value of the difference between the foundation and charter full weighted funding per student for state charter schools under the control of the governing authority for such state charter schools for the school year.

(2) For the fiscal year ending July 1, 2022, the state shall pay in accordance with this subsection, to the fiscal authority for a state charter school for each student enrolled in such school, the foundation plus four and one-tenth per cent of its charter grant adjustment.

(3) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, the state shall pay in accordance with this subsection, to the fiscal authority for a state charter school for each student enrolled in such school, the foundation plus twenty-five and forty-two-one-hundredths per cent of its charter grant adjustment.

(4) Payments under subdivisions (2) and (3) of this subsection shall be paid as follows: Twenty-five per cent of the amount not later than July fifteenth and September first based on estimated student enrollment on May first, and twenty-five per cent of the amount not later than January first and the remaining amount not later than April first, each based on student enrollment on October first.

(5) In the case of a student identified as requiring special education, the school district in which the student resides shall: (A) Hold the planning and placement team meeting for such student and shall invite representatives from the charter school to participate in such meeting; and (B) pay the state charter school, on a quarterly basis, an amount equal to the difference between the reasonable cost of educating such student and the sum of the amount received by the state charter school for such student pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection and amounts received from other state, federal, local or private sources calculated on a per pupil basis. Such school district shall be eligible for reimbursement pursuant to section 10-76g. The charter school a student requiring special education attends shall be responsible for ensuring that such student receives the services mandated by the student's individualized education program whether such services are provided by the charter school or by the school district in which the student resides.

(e) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, if at the end of a fiscal year amounts received by a state charter school, pursuant to subdivision (1) of subsection (d) of this section, are unexpended, the charter school (1) may use, for the expenses of the charter school for the following fiscal year, up to ten per cent of such amounts, and (2) may (A) create a reserve fund to finance a specific capital or equipment purchase or another specified project as may be approved by the commissioner, and (B) deposit into such fund up to five per cent of such amounts.

(f) The local or regional board of education of the school district in which the charter school is located shall provide transportation services for students of the charter school who reside in such school district pursuant to section 10-273a unless the charter school makes other arrangements for such transportation. Any local or regional board of education may provide transportation services to a student attending a charter school outside of the district in which the student resides and, if it elects to provide such transportation, shall be reimbursed pursuant to section 10-266m for the reasonable costs of such transportation. Any local or regional board of education providing transportation services under this subsection may suspend such services in accordance with the provisions of section 10-233c. The parent or guardian of any student denied the transportation services required to be provided pursuant to this subsection may appeal such denial in the manner provided in sections 10-186 and 10-187.

(g) Charter schools shall be eligible to the same extent as boards of education for any grant for special education, competitive state grants and grants pursuant to sections 10-17g and 10-266w.

(h) If the commissioner finds that any charter school uses a grant under this section for a purpose that is inconsistent with the provisions of this part, the commissioner may require repayment of such grant to the state.

(i) Charter schools shall receive, in accordance with federal law and regulations, any federal funds available for the education of any pupils attending public schools.

(j) The governing council of a charter school may (1) contract or enter into other agreements for purposes of administrative or other support services, transportation, plant services or leasing facilities or equipment, and (2) receive and expend private funds or public funds, including funds from local or regional boards of education and funds received by local charter schools for out-of-district students, for school purposes.

(k) If in any fiscal year, more than one new state or local charter school is approved pursuant to section 10-66bb and is awaiting funding pursuant to the provisions of this section, the State Board of Education shall determine which school is funded first based on a consideration of the following factors in order of importance as follows: (1) The quality of the proposed program as measured against the criteria required in the charter school application process pursuant to section 10-66bb, (2) whether the applicant has a demonstrated record of academic success by students, (3) whether the school is located in a school district with a demonstrated need for student improvement, and (4) whether the applicant has plans concerning the preparedness of facilities, staffing and outreach to students.

(l) Within available appropriations, the state may provide a grant in an amount not to exceed seventy-five thousand dollars to any newly approved state charter school that assists the state in meeting its obligations pursuant to the decision in Sheff v. O'Neill, 238 Conn. 1 (1996), or any related stipulation or order in effect, as determined by the Commissioner of Education, for start-up costs associated with the new charter school program.

(m) Charter schools may, to the same extent as local and regional boards of education, enter into cooperative arrangements as described in section 10-158a, provided such arrangements are approved by the Commissioner of Education. Any state charter school participating in a cooperative arrangement under this subsection shall maintain its status as a state charter school and not be excused from any obligations pursuant to sections 10-66aa to 10-66ll , inclusive.

(n) The Commissioner of Education shall provide any town receiving aid pursuant to subsection (c) or (d) of this section with the amount of such aid to be paid to each state or local charter school located in such town.

(P.A. 96-214, S. 5; P.A. 97-290, S. 9, 29; P.A. 98-168, S. 24, 26; P.A. 99-289, S. 6, 11; P.A. 00-48, S. 1, 12; 00-187, S. 23, 75; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 27, 54; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 14; P.A. 04-254, S. 8; P.A. 05-245, S. 38; P.A. 06-135, S. 26; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 11, 16; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5, S. 54; P.A. 08-170, S. 10; June 19 Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-1, S. 22; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6, S. 36; P.A. 11-48, S. 200; 11-179, S. 12; P.A. 12-116, S. 29; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2, S. 19–21; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, S. 31; P.A. 13-247, S. 164; P.A. 14-217, S. 95, 112; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 315; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 583; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 352, 408; P.A. 22-118, S. 256.)

History: P.A. 97-290 amended Subsec. (c) to change the payment schedule and to add the provisions on special education students, added new Subsecs. (d) and (g) re unexpended funds and repayment and redesignated remaining Subsecs., amended Subsec. (e) to provide for reimbursement pursuant to Sec. 10-266m and amended Subsec. (i) to add funds received by local charter schools for out-of-district students, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-168 amended Subsec. (c) to change the state payment to $6,500 per student from an amount equal to 105% of the foundation level pursuant to Sec. 10-262f and made the same change for the purpose of calculating the school district payment for a special education student, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-289 amended Subsec. (b) to add provisions relating to special education costs, amended Subsec. (c) to substitute amount based on per cent of the foundation for a specific dollar amount, to substitute July fifteenth and September fifteenth for “in July and September”, January fifteenth for “in January” and not later than April fifteenth for “in April”, and add requirement for charter school to ensure that special education students receive services mandated in their individualized education programs and amended Subsec. (e) to add provision concerning appeal of denial of transportation services, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-48 amended Subsec. (c) to specify that payment for special education students be made by the school district on a quarterly basis, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 00-187 amended Subsec. (c) to change the amount of the state payments to $7,000 for each student, effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 redesignated Subsecs. (d) to (i) as Subsecs. (e) to (j), making a technical change in Subsec. (e), and added new Subsec. (d) re determination of enrollment numbers and use of any additional funds, effective July 1, 2001; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (c)(1) by increasing amount of per student grant from $7,000 to $7,250 and adding provision re proportional increase, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 04-254 amended Subsec. (c)(1) to provide for a maximum increase in grants payable per student for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2005, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 05-245 amended Subsec. (c)(1) by increasing amount of per pupil grant for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2006, to $7,625 and by adding language re per pupil grant of $8,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2007, and each fiscal year thereafter, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 06-135 amended Subsec. (c)(1) by replacing $7,250 with $8,000 re total amount per student appropriated for grants and providing that supplemental per pupil grants shall not exceed $70 with any amount remaining to be used for supplemental grants for interdistrict magnet schools, effective July 1, 2006; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 amended Subsec. (c)(1) to make technical changes, to increase the per pupil grant to $8,650 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2008, and $9,300 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, to make permissive the requirement that commissioner spend unallocated funds for supplemental grants for interdistrict magnet schools and to permit commissioner to use such funds to pay for audits and added Subsec. (k) re priority for funding of new schools, effective July 1, 2007; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5 amended Subsec. (c)(1) to provide that unallocated funds may be used to pay expenses incurred by department to ensure continuity of a charter school when required by a court and to pay expenses incurred when creating a CommPACT school, effective October 6, 2007; P.A. 08-170 added Subsec. (l) re start-up costs for charter schools in support of stipulation re Sheff v. O'Neill, effective July 1, 2008; June 19 Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-1 added Subsec. (m) re cooperative arrangements, effective July 1, 2009; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6 amended Subsec. (c)(1) by adding “and each fiscal year thereafter,” re state payment of $9,300, effective October 5, 2009; P.A. 11-48 amended Subsec. (c)(1) by replacing “and each fiscal year thereafter” with “to June 30, 2011, inclusive”, making a conforming change and adding provision re increasing per pupil grant to $9,400 for fiscal year ending June 30, 2012, and each fiscal year thereafter, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-179 amended Subsec. (k) by adding local charter schools to provision re if more than one charter school is approved in any fiscal year, redesignating existing Subdivs. (1) to (3) as Subdivs. (2) to (4), and adding new Subdiv. (1) re quality of proposed program measured against criteria required in application process, effective July 13, 2011; P.A. 12-116 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting “education” re equalization aid, amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and adding Subdiv. (2) re board of education responsibility for financial support of local charter schools, added new Subsec. (c) re per student grant to local charter schools, redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d), amended redesignated Subsec. (d)(1) by adding reference to equalization aid grants pursuant to Sec. 10-262h, replacing provision re grant payment to fiscal authority of state charter school with provision re grant payment to town in which state charter school is located, deleting provisions re grant amounts for fiscal years 2006 to 2012, adding provisions re grant payments for fiscal years 2013, 2014, 2015 and each fiscal year thereafter and re payment schedule, redesignated existing language re grant payment schedule as Subsec. (d)(2) and amended same by adding provision re town to pay fiscal authority of state charter school amount paid to town pursuant to Subsec. (d)(1), deleting provisions re amounts based on estimated student enrollment on May first and October first and deleting provision re increase in per student grant amount, redesignated existing Subsec. (d)(2) as Subsec. (d)(3), deleted former Subsec. (d) re use of additional funds, amended Subsec. (l) by adding provision re grant to town in which state charter school is located and re payment to the fiscal authority for such charter school, added Subsec. (n) re commissioner to provide aid to towns to be paid to each state or local charter school located in such towns, and made conforming and technical changes, effective July 1, 2012; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2 amended Subsecs. (c) and (d) by replacing “July first” with “July fifteenth” in Subdiv. (1) and replacing “July fifteenth” with “July twentieth” in Subdiv. (2), amended Subsec. (l) by deleting “town in which a” and deleting “is located, to be paid to the fiscal authority for such charter school” and amended Subsec. (n) by replacing “subsection (c), subsection (d) or (l)” with “subsection (c) or (d)”, effective July 1, 2012; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1 amended Subsec. (d)(1) to change amount of state payment for fiscal year ending June 30, 2013, from $10,500 to $10,200 and add provision re payment of remaining amount made not later than April 15, 2013, to be within available appropriations and may be adjusted on pro rata basis, effective December 21, 2012; P.A. 13-247 amended Subsec. (d)(1) to change amount of state payment for fiscal year ending June 30, 2014, from $11,000 to $10,500 and to change amount of state payment for fiscal year ending June 30, 2015, and each fiscal year thereafter, from $11,500 to $11,000, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 14-217 amended Subsec. (b)(2) by replacing “prior fiscal year, less the reimbursement pursuant to section 10-76g for the current fiscal year” with “fiscal year two years prior to the fiscal year for which support will be provided” in Subpara. (A) and replacing “net current expenditures” with “current program expenditures”, “subdivision (3) of section 10-261” with “section 10-262f” and “average daily membership, as defined in subdivision (2) of section 10-261,” with “number of resident students, as defined in section 10-262f,” in Subpara. (B), amended Subsec. (c)(1) by replacing “subsection (b) of section 10-66nn” with “subsection (c) of section 10-66bb”, deleting “For the purposes of equalization aid grants pursuant to section 10-262h, the”, replacing “fifteenth” with “first” and making conforming changes, and amended Subsec. (d)(1) by replacing “fifteenth” with “first”, effective June 13, 2014, and amended Subsec. (l) by adding “as extended, or the goals of the 2013 stipulation and order for Milo Sheff, et al. v. William A. O'Neill, et al.,”, effective July 1, 2014; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (l) by adding “as extended,”, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 amended Subsec. (c) by deleting Subdiv. (1) designator, deleting “described in subsection (c) of section 10-66bb”, replacing “town in which a local charter school is located” with “fiscal authority for a local charter school for each student enrolled in such school”, and deleting former Subdiv. (2) re town to pay fiscal authority for local charter school, amended Subsec. (d)(1) by deleting “For the purposes of equalization aid grants pursuant to section 10-262h, the”, replacing “town in which a state charter school is located” with “fiscal authority for a state charter school”, replacing $11,000 with $11,250 re amount of state payment for fiscal year ending June 30, 2019, and each fiscal year thereafter, and deleting provision re payment of remaining amount made not later than April 15, 2013, to be within available appropriations and may be adjusted on pro rata basis, amended Subsec. (d) by deleting former Subdiv. (2) re town to pay fiscal authority for state charter school and redesignating existing Subdiv. (3) as Subdiv. (2), and made technical and conforming changes, effective October 31, 2017; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (d) by deleting former Subdiv. (1) re state payments for each student enrolled in state charter school, adding new Subdiv. (1) re definitions of “total charter need students”, “foundation”, “charter full weighted funding per student” and “charter grant adjustment”, adding new Subdiv. (2) re state payment for each student enrolled in state charter school for fiscal year ending June 30, 2022, adding Subdiv. (3) re state payment for each student enrolled in state charter school for fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, adding Subdiv. (4) re payment schedule, and redesignating existing Subdiv. (2) as Subdiv. (5), and amended Subsec. (l) by replacing “the goals of the 2008 stipulation and order for Milo Sheff, et al. v. William A. O'Neill, et al., as extended, or the goals of the 2013 stipulation and order for Milo Sheff, et al. v. William A. O'Neill, et al., as extended, as determined by the Commissioner of Education” with “its obligations pursuant to the decision in Sheff v. O'Neill, 238 Conn. 1 (1996), or any related stipulation or order in effect, as determined by the Commissioner of Education”, effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 22-118 amended Subsec. (d)(3) by replacing “fourteen and seventy-six-one-hundredths” with “twenty-five and forty-two-one-hundredths”, effective July 1, 2022.

Subsec. (f):

Does not require charter school to provide transportation services to preschool children. 278 C. 326.

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Sec. 10-66ff. Powers. Liability limited. Participation in Short-Term Investment Fund. (a) Each charter school may (1) sue and be sued, (2) purchase, receive, hold and convey real and personal property for school purposes, and (3) borrow money for such purposes.

(b) The state, a local or regional board of education or the applicant for a charter school shall have no liability for the acts, omissions, debts or other obligations of such charter school, except as may be provided in an agreement or contract with such charter school.

(c) Charter schools established pursuant to sections 10-66aa to 10-66gg, inclusive, shall be eligible to invest in participation certificates of the Short-Term Investment Fund administered by the State Treasurer pursuant to sections 3-27a to 3-27f, inclusive.

(P.A. 96-214, S. 6; P.A. 97-290, S. 26, 29.)

History: P.A. 97-290 added Subsec. (c) re participation in the Short-Term Investment Fund, effective July 1, 1997.

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Sec. 10-66gg. Report to General Assembly. Not later than January 1, 2012, and biennially thereafter, within available appropriations, the Commissioner of Education shall review and report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a, on the operation of such charter schools as may be established pursuant to sections 10-66aa to 10-66ff, inclusive, to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education. Such report shall include: (1) Recommendations for any statutory changes that would facilitate expansion in the number of charter schools; (2) a compilation of school profiles pursuant to section 10-66cc; (3) an assessment of the adequacy of funding pursuant to section 10-66ee; and (4) the adequacy and availability of suitable facilities for such schools.

(P.A. 96-214, S. 8; P.A. 98-168, S. 19, 26; P.A. 11-136, S. 7.)

History: P.A. 98-168 specified certain information to be included in the report, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 11-136 deleted “annually” and added “Not later than January 1, 2012, and biennially thereafter” re review and report, effective July 1, 2011.

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Sec. 10-66hh. Program to assist charter schools with capital expenses. (a) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2008, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Commissioner of Education shall establish, within available bond authorizations, a grant program to assist state charter schools in financing (1) school building projects, as defined in section 10-282, (2) general improvements to school buildings, as defined in subsection (a) of section 10-265h, and (3) repayment of debt incurred for school building projects. The governing authorities of such state charter schools may apply for such grants to the Department of Education at such time and in such manner as the commissioner prescribes. The commissioner shall give preference to applications that provide for matching funds from nonstate sources.

(b) All final calculations for grant awards pursuant to this section in an amount equal to or greater than two hundred fifty thousand dollars shall include a computation of the state grant amount amortized on a straight line basis over a ten-year period. Any state charter school which abandons, sells, leases, demolishes or otherwise redirects the use of a school building which benefited from such a grant award during such amortization period, including repayment of debt for the purchase, renovation or improvement of the building, shall refund to the state the unamortized balance of the state grant remaining as of the date that the abandonment, sale, lease, demolition or redirection occurred. The amortization period shall begin on the date the grant award is paid. A state charter school required to make a refund to the state pursuant to this subsection may request forgiveness of such refund if the building is redirected for public use.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 28, 54; P.A. 03-76, S. 50; Sept. 8 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-2, S. 24; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-6, S. 36; P.A. 07-249, S. 7; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-7, S. 45; P.A. 10-111, S. 14.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 03-76 made a technical change, effective June 3, 2003; Sept. 8 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-2 amended section to extend grant program through fiscal year ending June 30, 2004, limiting eligibility for grants to state charter schools whose charters were renewed in fiscal years ending June 30, 2001, June 30, 2002, and June 30, 2003, effective September 10, 2003; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-6 replaced reference to fiscal years ending June 30, 2002, to June 30, 2004, with reference to fiscal years ending June 30, 2006, and June 30, 2007, eliminated provision re within available appropriations, added language re assistance for repayment of debt incurred prior to July 1, 2005, removed restriction that eligibility be for schools with charters renewed during the fiscal years ending June 30, 2001, to June 30, 2003, eliminated language limiting schools to one grant not to exceed $500,000 and added language permitting commissioner to give preference to schools with matching funds from nonstate sources, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 07-249 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b) re amortization, effective July 1, 2007; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-7 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing reference to fiscal years ending June 30, 2006, and June 30, 2007, with reference to fiscal years ending June 30, 2008, and June 30, 2009, and eliminating limitation on repayment of debt in Subdiv. (3) by deleting “prior to July 1, 2005”, effective November 2, 2007; P.A. 10-111 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “years” with “year” and replacing “and June 30, 2009” with “and each fiscal year thereafter”, effective May 26, 2010.

See Sec. 10-66jj re bond authorization.

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Sec. 10-66ii. Report on best practices employed by charter schools. The Department of Education shall, annually, publish a report on all of the best practices reported by governing councils of charter schools pursuant to subdivision (5) of subsection (b) of section 10-66cc and distribute a copy of such report to each public school superintendent and the governing council of each charter school.

(P.A. 05-245, S. 22.)

History: P.A. 05-245 effective July 1, 2005.

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Sec. 10-66jj. Bond authorization for program to assist charter schools with capital expenses. (a) For the purposes described in subsection (b) of this section, the State Bond Commission shall have the power, from time to time, to authorize the issuance of bonds of the state in one or more series and in principal amounts not exceeding in the aggregate forty-five million dollars, provided five million dollars of said authorization shall be effective July 1, 2018.

(b) The proceeds of the sale of said bonds, to the extent of the amount stated in subsection (a) of this section, shall be used by the Department of Education for the purpose of grants pursuant to section 10-66hh.

(c) All provisions of section 3-20, or the exercise of any right or power granted thereby, which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this section are hereby adopted and shall apply to all bonds authorized by the State Bond Commission pursuant to this section, and temporary notes in anticipation of the money to be derived from the sale of any such bonds so authorized may be issued in accordance with said section 3-20 and from time to time renewed. Such bonds shall mature at such time or times not exceeding twenty years from their respective dates as may be provided in or pursuant to the resolution or resolutions of the State Bond Commission authorizing such bonds. None of said bonds shall be authorized except upon a finding by the State Bond Commission that there has been filed with it a request for such authorization which is signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and states such terms and conditions as said commission, in its discretion, may require. Said bonds issued pursuant to this section shall be general obligations of the state and the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal of and interest on said bonds as the same become due, and accordingly and as part of the contract of the state with the holders of said bonds, appropriation of all amounts necessary for punctual payment of such principal and interest is hereby made, and the State Treasurer shall pay such principal and interest as the same become due.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-6, S. 37; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-7, S. 46; P.A. 13-239, S. 57; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-1, S. 58; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 434.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-6 effective July 1, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-7 amended Subsec. (a) by increasing aggregate authorization from $10,000,000 to $20,000,000, of which $5,000,000 is effective July 1, 2008, effective November 2, 2007; P.A. 13-239 amended Subsec. (a) by increasing aggregate authorization from $20,000,000 to $30,000,000, of which $5,000,000 is effective July 1, 2014, effective July 1, 2013; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-1 amended Subsec. (a) to increase aggregate authorization from $30,000,000 to $35,000,000 and change date that $5,000,000 is effective from July 1, 2014, to July 1, 2016, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 amended Subsec. (a) to increase aggregate authorization from $35,000,000 to $45,000,000 and replacing “July 1, 2016” with “July 1, 2018” re date that $5,000,000 is effective, effective October 31, 2017.

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Sec. 10-66kk. Governing council. Internet posting of meeting schedules, agendas and minutes. Membership. (a) The governing council of each state charter school shall post on any Internet web site that the council operates the (1) schedule, (2) agenda, and (3) minutes of each meeting, including any meeting of subcommittees of the governing council.

(b) The membership of the governing council of each state charter school shall meet the requirements concerning such membership set forth in the provisions of subdivision (3) of subsection (d) of section 10-66bb at the time of application for a state charter and at all other times.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 14; P.A. 08-50, S. 2.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 08-50 designated existing language as Subsec. (a), made a technical change therein and added Subsec. (b) re membership of governing council, effective July 1, 2008.

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Sec. 10-66ll. Random audits of charter schools. Annually, the Commissioner of Education shall randomly select one state charter school, as defined in subdivision (3) of section 10-66aa, to be subject to a comprehensive financial audit conducted by an independent auditor selected and monitored by the commissioner. Except as provided in subsection (d) of section 10-66ee, the charter school shall be responsible for all costs associated with the audit conducted pursuant to the provisions of this section.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 15; P.A. 12-116, S. 30; P.A. 15-239, S. 4.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 12-116 made a technical change, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 15-239 added “independent” and “and monitored”, and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66mm. Regulations concerning management of charter schools. On or before July 1, 2011, the State Board of Education shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to (1) prohibit a charter school and any affiliated charter management organization operating such charter school from sharing board members with other charter schools and such charter management organizations; (2) require the disclosure of sharing management personnel; (3) prohibit unsecured, noninterest bearing transfers of state and federal funds between charter schools and from charter schools to charter management organizations; (4) define allowable direct or indirect costs and the methodology to be used by charter management organizations to calculate per pupil service fees; and (5) permit charter management organizations to collect private donations for purposes of distributing to charter schools.

(P.A. 10-111, S. 15.)

History: P.A. 10-111 effective July 1, 2010.

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Sec. 10-66nn. Grant to assist with start-up costs for new local charter school. Eligibility. Applications. Unexpended funds. Guidelines. (a) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2014, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Department of Education may award, within available appropriations, a grant of up to five hundred thousand dollars to any town in which a newly established local charter school is located, to be paid to the fiscal authority for such local charter school not later than July fifteenth to assist with the start-up costs associated with the establishment of such local charter school pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, provided the local or regional board of education for such local charter school and the representatives of the exclusive bargaining unit for certified employees, chosen pursuant to section 10-153b, mutually agree on staffing flexibility in such local charter school, and such agreement is approved by the State Board of Education.

(b) In order to be eligible for a grant under this section, an applicant for a grant shall submit an application to the Commissioner of Education, pursuant to section 10-66bb, for the establishment of a local charter school to be established on or after July 1, 2012, and such application shall satisfy one of the following conditions: (1) Such applicant has high quality, feasible strategies or a record of success in serving students from among the following populations: (A) Students with histories of low academic performance, (B) students who receive free or reduced price school lunches, (C) students with histories of behavioral and social difficulties, (D) students eligible for special education services, (E) students who are English language learners, or (F) students of a single gender; or (2) such applicant has a high quality, feasible plan for turning around existing schools that have demonstrated consistently substandard student performance, or a record of success in turning around such schools. The department shall determine whether such applicant satisfies the provisions of subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection.

(c) Grant applications shall be submitted to the department at such time and in such manner as the department prescribes. Each applicant receiving a grant award under this section shall submit, at such time and in such form as the department prescribes, any reports and financial statements required by the department. If the department finds that any grant awarded pursuant to this section is being used for purposes that are not in conformity with the purposes of this section, the department may require the repayment of the grant to the state.

(d) Any unexpended funds appropriated to the Department of Education for purposes of this section shall be available for redistribution as a grant in the next fiscal year.

(e) The department may develop guidelines and grant criteria as it deems necessary to administer the grant program under this section.

(P.A. 12-116, S. 31.)

History: P.A. 12-116 effective July 1, 2012.

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Sec. 10-66oo. Governing council. Training re responsibilities and best practices. Adoption of policies re antinepotism and conflict of interests. (a) On and after October 1, 2015, each member of a governing council of a state or local charter school shall complete training related to charter school governing council responsibilities and best practices at least once during the term of the charter.

(b) On and after October 1, 2015, each governing council of state and local charter schools shall adopt antinepotism and conflict of interest policies consistent with state law and best practices in nonprofit corporate governance.

(P.A. 15-239, S. 5.)

History: P.A. 15-239 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66pp. Annual submission of certified audit statement and Internal Revenue Service form 990. Each charter management organization of a state or local charter school or, if there is no charter management organization associated with a state or local charter school, the governing council of such charter school, shall submit annually, to the Commissioner of Education, (1) a certified audit statement of all revenues from public and private sources and expenditures related to such organization's function as a charter management organization in this state or to such council's function as a governing council of a state or local charter school in this state, and (2) a complete copy of such organization's or council's most recently completed Internal Revenue Service form 990, including all parts and schedules, other than Schedule B of such form.

(P.A. 15-239, S. 6.)

History: P.A. 15-239 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66qq. Internet web site posting re reports, certified audit statements and forms. The Commissioner of Education shall post any reports, certified audit statements and forms submitted to the Department of Education pursuant to sections 10-66cc and 10-66pp on the department's Internet web site not later than thirty days after receiving such reports, statements or forms. The commissioner shall identify any charter management organization or governing council of a charter school that did not submit a report, certified audit statement or form for the current reporting period and post such information on the department's Internet web site not later than thirty days after failing to receive such reports, statements or forms.

(P.A. 15-239, S. 7.)

History: P.A. 15-239 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66rr. Child abuse and neglect registry and criminal history records checks of governing council members, charter management organization members and contractors. On and after July 1, 2015, the State Board of Education shall require members of the governing council of a state or local charter school and members of a charter management organization to submit to a records check of the Department of Children and Families child abuse and neglect registry, established pursuant to section 17a-101k, and to state and national criminal history records checks before the state board grants initial certificates of approval for charters pursuant to section 10-66bb, or before such members may be hired by the governing council of a state or local charter school or charter management organization. The governing council of a state or local charter school shall require each contractor doing business with a state or local charter school, who performs a service involving direct student contact, to submit to a records check of the Department of Children and Families child abuse and neglect registry, established pursuant to section 17a-101k, and to state and national criminal history records checks before such contractor begins to perform such service.

(P.A. 15-239, S. 8; P.A. 16-67, S. 5; P.A. 17-48, S. 3; P.A. 21-144, S. 6.)

History: P.A. 15-239 effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 16-67 deleted subsection designators, deleted reference to applicant for position in a state or local charter school and made a technical change, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 17-48 deleted provision re criminal history records checks required under subsection, deleted “such applicant may be hired” and made technical and conforming changes; P.A. 21-144 deleted provision re criminal history records checks required under section to be conducted in accordance with Sec. 29-17a, effective July 7, 2021.

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Sec. 10-66ss. Amendment to charter. (a) If a governing council of a state or local charter school plans to make a material change in the school's operations, such governing council of such charter school shall submit, in writing, a request to amend the school's charter to the State Board of Education. For purposes of this section, “material change” means a change that fundamentally alters a charter school's mission, organizational structure or educational program, including, but not limited to, (1) altering the educational model in a fundamental way, (2) opening an additional school building, (3) contracting for or discontinuing a contract for whole school management services with a charter management organization, (4) renaming the charter school, (5) changing the grade configurations of the charter school, or (6) increasing or decreasing the total student enrollment capacity of the charter school by twenty per cent or more.

(b) In determining whether to grant a request by a state or local charter school to amend its charter to make a material change in the school's operations, the Department of Education shall review the written request of the charter school, and solicit and review comments on such request from the local or regional board of education of the town in which such charter school is located. Upon a recommendation by the department to approve such request, the State Board of Education shall vote on such request not later than sixty days after the date of receipt of such request or as part of the charter renewal process for such charter school. The state board may approve such request by a majority vote of the members of the state board present and voting at a regular or special meeting of the state board called for such purpose, or for the purpose of considering whether to renew the charter of the charter school, pursuant to subsection (g) of section 10-66bb.

(c) If the material change requested by a state or local charter school is to increase the total student enrollment capacity of the charter school by twenty per cent or more, such charter school shall submit the request for such material change to the department not later than April first of the fiscal year two years prior to the fiscal year in which such material change would take effect. In determining whether to recommend approval of such request, the department shall consider (1) the financial feasibility of such increased enrollment, (2) such charter school's performance, stewardship, governance and management, student population and legal compliance, and (3) any other factors the department deems relevant to such request.

(P.A. 15-239, S. 9; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 353.)

History: P.A. 15-239 effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (b) by adding “to make a material change in the school's operations”, replacing “State Board of Education” with “Department of Education”, deleting Subdiv. designators (1) to (3), adding “Upon a recommendation by the department to approve such request, the State Board of Education shall”, replacing “the material change” with “such request”, and making technical and conforming changes, and added Subsec. (c) re material change requested to increase student enrollment capacity by 20 per cent or more, effective July 1, 2021.

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Sec. 10-66tt. Contract for whole school management services with a charter management organization. (a) The governing council of a state or local charter school may only enter into a contract for whole school management services with a charter management organization.

(b) The governing council of a state or local charter school shall not enter into any contract for whole school management services that is contrary to state or federal law or regulations, which entails any financial or other conflicts of interest, or which amends, alters or modifies any provision of the charter. To the extent that there is a conflict between the terms of the charter of the school and a contract for whole school management services, the terms of the charter shall govern.

(c) The governing council of a state or local charter school shall submit any contract for whole school management services between such governing council and charter management organization to the State Board of Education for approval. The state board, in determining whether to approve such contract, shall (1) review such contract, (2) solicit and review comments on such contract from the local or regional board of education of the town in which the charter school is located or in which the proposed charter school is to be located, and (3) vote on such contract not later than sixty days after the date of receipt of such contract. The state board may approve such contract by a majority vote of the members of the state board present and voting at a regular or special meeting of the state board called for such purpose. Any contract for whole school management services between the governing council of a state or local charter school and a charter management organization shall not take effect unless such contract has been approved by the State Board of Education.

(d) The governing council of a state or local charter school shall not enter into any contract for whole school management services that would have the effect of reducing the governing council's responsibility for the operation of the charter school, or which would hinder the governing council in exercising effective supervision of the charter school.

(e) Any governing council of a state or local charter school that enters into a contract for whole school management services shall directly select, retain and compensate the attorney, accountant or audit firm representing the governing council.

(f) A contract for whole school management services shall include, but need not be limited to: (1) The roles and responsibilities of the governing council of the charter school and the charter management organization, including all services to be provided under the contract, (2) the performance measures, mechanisms and consequences by which the governing council will hold the charter management organization accountable for performance, (3) the compensation to be paid to the charter management organization, including all fees, bonuses and what such compensation includes or requires, (4) financial reporting requirements and provisions for the governing council's financial oversight, (5) a choice of law provision that states that Connecticut state law shall be the controlling law for the contract, (6) a statement that the governing council of the charter school and the charter management organization shall ensure compliance with the provisions of section 10-66uu, and (7) any such information required by the Commissioner of Education to ensure compliance with the provisions of this chapter.

(P.A. 15-239, S. 10.)

History: P.A. 15-239 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-66uu. Applicability of Freedom of Information Act to records and files related to administration of charter school by charter management organization. Each contract for whole school management services between the governing council of a state or local charter school and a charter management organization shall (1) provide that such governing council is entitled to receive a copy of all records and files related to the administration of the charter school, including the compensation paid to the charter management organization and any expenditures of such compensation by the charter management organization, and (2) indicate that such records and files are subject to the Freedom of Information Act and may be disclosed by such governing council pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200, except that such governing council may redact such records and files to remove personally identifiable information of a contributor of a bona fide and lawful contribution, pursuant to a written request from such contributor. No request to inspect or copy such records or files shall be valid unless the request is made to such governing council in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act. Any complaint by a person who is denied the right to inspect or copy such records or files shall be brought to the Freedom of Information Commission in accordance with the provisions of sections 1-205 and 1-206.

(P.A. 15-239, S. 11.)

History: P.A. 15-239 effective July 7, 2015.

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PART V

SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES

Sec. 10-67. Definitions. As used in this section and sections 10-69 to 10-71a, inclusive, and 10-73a to 10-73c, inclusive:

(1) “Adult” means any person seventeen years of age or older who is not enrolled in a public elementary or secondary school program or a student enrolled in school who was assigned to an adult class pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-233d or section 10-73d;

(2) “Adult class” or “adult education activity” means a class or education activity designed primarily for adults;

(3) “Adult education credit” means not fewer than forty-eight instructional hours;

(4) “Cooperating eligible entity” means any corporation or other business entity, nonprofit organization, private career school authorized pursuant to sections 10a-22a to 10a-22o, inclusive, institution of higher education authorized pursuant to the provisions of section 10a-34, technical education and career school or library that provides classes or services specified under subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of section 10-69, in conformance with the program standards applicable to boards of education, through a written cooperative arrangement with a local or regional board of education or regional educational service center;

(5) “Cooperating school district” means a school district which does not establish or maintain classes or programs pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of section 10-69, but which provides such classes or programs through a written cooperative arrangement with a providing school district;

(6) “Eligible costs for adult education” means the result obtained by subtracting from the eligible expenditures incurred for programs and services provided by a board of education or a regional educational service center pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of section 10-69, the total amount of any funds expended for such programs and services from other state or federal sources and tuition received for nonresident adult students;

(7) “Eligible expenditure” means expenditures, or that portion thereof, directly attributable to programs and services required pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of section 10-69 and not otherwise eligible for reimbursement from any other state grant for: (A) Teachers, including teacher aides; (B) administration, including the director; (C) clerical assistance; (D) printing; (E) instructional materials and equipment, including computer equipment; (F) program supplies; (G) facility rental other than for facilities provided by a local or regional board of education pursuant to section 10-70; (H) staff development; (I) counselors; (J) transportation; (K) security; and (L) child care services;

(8) “Providing school district” means the school district or regional educational service center in which classes or programs are established and maintained pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of section 10-69, provided the provisions of this section shall not be construed to limit the provisions of section 10-66e or 10-66f relating to payments to a regional educational service center.

(1949 Rev., S. 1385; P.A. 81-397, S. 1; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 29, 58; P.A. 88-360, S. 58, 63; P.A. 95-259, S. 5, 32; P.A. 96-244, S. 9, 63; P.A. 03-100, S. 1, 2; P.A. 06-150, S. 19; P.A. 12-59, S. 3; 12-116, S. 87; 12-120, S. 8; P.A. 17-237, S. 51; P.A. 22-123, S. 8.)

History: P.A. 81-397 defined “eligible costs for adult education” and “eligible expenditures” in new Subsecs. (b) and (c); May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 redefined “eligible costs for adult education” by substituting “payment” for “tuition or fees” and redefined “eligible expenditure” by adding Subdivs. (8) to (12), inclusive; P.A. 88-360 in Subsec. (c) added provisions re computer equipment in Subdiv. (5) and made a technical change in Subdiv. (1); P.A. 95-259 deleted definition of “pupil clock hour”, added definitions of “adult”, “adult class”, “adult education credit”, “cooperating eligible entity”, “cooperating school district”, “providing school district”, and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-244 made technical changes in definition of “eligible costs for adult education” and redefined “eligible expenditure” to specify “equipment” in Subpara. (E) and to increase the cap for computer equipment from 1% to 5%, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 03-100 amended Subdiv. (1) by changing reference from a person “no longer enrolled” to a person “not enrolled” and amended Subdiv. (7)(E) by deleting provision limiting the eligibility of expenditures for computer equipment, effective July 1, 2003; P.A. 06-150 amended Subdiv. (4) to extend applicability to schools authorized pursuant to new Secs. 10a-22l to 10a-22o, inclusive; P.A. 12-59 made technical changes in Subdivs. (4) to (8), effective May 31, 2012; pursuant to P.A. 12-116, “regional vocational-technical school” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “technical high school” in Subdiv. (4), effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 12-120 amended Subdiv. (1) to redefine “adult” by replacing “sixteen” with “seventeen” and replacing “over” with “older”, effective June 15, 2012; P.A. 17-237 amended Subdiv. (4) by replacing “technical high school” with “technical education and career school”, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 22-123 redefined “cooperating eligible entity” in Subdiv. (4), effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-68. Appointment of director of adult education. Section 10-68 is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

(1949 Rev., S. 1386; 1957, P.A. 581, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 166, S. 1; P.A. 78-218, S. 52; P.A. 81-397, S. 2; P.A. 84-325, S. 1, 7; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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Sec. 10-69. Adult education. (a) Each local and regional board of education shall establish and maintain a program of adult classes or shall provide for participation in a program of adult classes for its adult residents through cooperative arrangements with one or more other boards of education, one or more cooperating eligible entities or a regional educational service center pursuant to the provisions of section 10-66a. Such board of education may admit an adult to any public elementary or secondary school. No person enrolled in a full-time program of study in any local or regional school district may enroll in an adult education activity unless (1) such person receives the approval of the school principal of the school in which such person is enrolled in such full-time program, or (2) such person is enrolled in an adult education activity as part of an alternative educational opportunity during a period of expulsion, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-233d. Instruction: (A) Shall be provided in Americanization and United States citizenship, English for adults with limited English proficiency, and elementary and secondary school completion programs or classes; (B) may be provided in (i) any subject provided by the elementary and secondary schools of such school district, including vocational education, (ii) adult literacy, (iii) parenting skills, and (iv) any other subject or activity; and (C) may include college preparatory classes, for which the local or regional board of education may charge a fee, for adults who (i) have obtained a high school diploma or its equivalent, and (ii) require postsecondary developmental education that will enable such adults to enroll directly in a program of higher learning, as defined in section 10a-34, at an institution of higher education upon completion of such classes.

(b) (1) Prior to July 1, 2004, no providing school district shall grant an adult education diploma to any adult education program participant who has not satisfactorily completed a minimum of twenty adult education credits, of which not fewer than four shall be in English; not fewer than three in mathematics; not fewer than three in social studies, including one in American history; not fewer than two in science; and not fewer than one in the arts or vocational education. On and after July 1, 2004, no providing school district shall grant an adult education diploma to any adult education program participant who has not satisfactorily completed a minimum of twenty adult education credits, of which not fewer than four shall be in English; not fewer than three in mathematics; not fewer than three in social studies, including one in American history and at least a one-half credit course in civics and American government; not fewer than two in science; and not fewer than one in the arts or vocational education. (2) Each providing school district shall determine the minimum number of weeks per semester an adult education program shall operate and shall provide certified counseling staff to assist adult education program students with educational and career counseling.

(1) Credit for experiential learning, including: (A) Not more than two nonrequired credits for military experience, including training; (B) not more than one vocational education nonrequired and one required or not more than two nonrequired credits for occupational experience, including training; and (C) not more than one nonrequired credit for community service or avocational skills;

(2) Credit for successful completion of courses taken for credit at state-accredited institutions, including public and private community colleges, technical colleges, community-technical colleges, four-year colleges and universities and approved public and private high schools and technical education and career schools;

(3) Not more than six credits for satisfactory performance on subject matter tests demonstrating prior learning competencies; and

(4) Not more than three credits for independent study projects, provided that not more than one such credit shall be applied per subject area required pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.

(d) The State Board of Education may adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to establish standards and procedures governing the awarding of adult education credits for learning experiences pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. Any such regulations shall specify: (1) The procedures for awarding credits for military experience; (2) the types of occupational experience, occupational training and other specialized skills for which adult education credits may be granted; (3) the procedure for applying credits earned at accredited or approved educational institutions towards an adult education diploma; (4) the procedure for the administration of subject matter tests to assess prior learning competencies; and (5) the procedure for evaluating and awarding adult education credits for independent study projects.

(1949 Rev., S. 1387; 1961, P.A. 512, S. 1; P.A. 74-281, S. 1; P.A. 75-479, S. 5, 25; 75-576, S. 1; P.A. 78-218, S. 53; P.A. 81-397, S. 4; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 30, 58; P.A. 87-499, S. 30, 34; P.A. 88-360, S. 7, 63; P.A. 90-33, S. 1, 4; P.A. 91-295, S. 5, 7; P.A. 92-126, S. 17, 18, 48; 92-262, S. 8, 42; P.A. 93-126, S. 1, 3; P.A. 95-259, S. 6, 32; 95-304, S. 1, 9; P.A. 97-290, S. 10, 29; P.A. 03-100, S. 3; P.A. 11-126, S. 2; P.A. 12-116, S. 87; P.A. 13-121, S. 1; P.A. 17-237, S. 52.)

History: 1961 act added exception re petitions for activities recreational in nature, and clarified that petition for instruction in English and citizenship obligations applies to town of any size; P.A. 74-281 removed distinction between towns of less than 10,000 population and those of more than 10,000, required all school districts to provide, either alone or in cooperation with another district, classes in Americanization and citizenship, subjects usually offered in elementary and secondary schools and others by petition and substituted “persons sixty-two years of age or over” for “aged persons as defined by the state board”; P.A. 75-479 required subjects be taught that are necessary for elementary and secondary school completion programs and made other teaching of elementary and secondary subjects optional; P.A. 75-576 defined “adult”, “adult class” and “adult education activity”, required 150 hours of adult classes per year, required approval of principal for full-time student to enroll in adult education class, made optional the teaching of secondary and elementary subjects usually taught in that school district, rather than in the state, if requested by fifteen persons and made teaching of any other subject possible if requested by fifteen adults, rather than twenty persons over sixteen, and deleted special provisions governing recreational activities for handicapped and elderly; P.A. 78-218 specified applicability to local and regional boards; P.A. 81-397 deleted requirement that adult education program consist of at least 150 clock hours per year, allowed provision of services at regional education service center, allowed admission of adults to public elementary and secondary schools, required that programs offer course in English for adults with limited English proficiency, authorized offering vocational education courses and deleted requirement that fifteen persons register for, or request, optional courses before such courses are offered; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 added Subsecs. (b) and (c) re credits towards adult education diplomas and Subsec. (d) re regulations concerning credits for learning experiences and in Subsec. (a) substituted that boards of education shall provide “for participation in a program of adult classes” for “adult education services”; P.A. 87-499 added a definition of “cooperating eligible entity” in Subsec. (a), provided that cooperative arrangements may be with a cooperating eligible entity and made a technical change; P.A. 88-360 in Subsec. (a) provided that classes or services provided by a cooperating eligible entity be in conformance with the program standards applicable to boards of education; P.A. 90-33 in Subsec. (a) added authorized private occupational schools to definition of “cooperating eligible entity”; P.A. 91-295 expanded the definition of “cooperating eligible entity” to include regional community colleges, regional technical colleges, regional vocational-technical schools and libraries; P.A. 92-126 amended Subsecs. (a) and (c) to replace references to community colleges and technical colleges with single reference to community-technical colleges; P.A. 92-262 amended Subsec. (a) to add corporation or other business entity to the definition of “cooperating eligible entity”; P.A. 93-126 amended Subsec. (a) to include any licensed or accredited institution of higher education in the definition of “cooperating eligible entity” rather than regional community-technical colleges and to make technical changes to the definition, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-259 deleted part of former Subsec. (a) containing definitions which were added to Sec. 10-67 and made some technical changes, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-304 amended Subsec. (a) to expand the definition of “adult” to include students assigned to adult classes, effective July 1, 1995, but failed to take effect, P.A. 95-259 having deleted that part of said Subsec. (a); P.A. 97-290 amended Subsec. (a) to add classes in adult literacy and parenting skills, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 03-100 amended Subsec. (b) by designating provisions re diploma requirements as Subdiv. (1), making existing diploma requirements applicable prior to July 1, 2004, adding new diploma requirements applicable on and after July 1, 2004, and designating existing provisions re weeks of operation and counseling as Subdiv. (2), effective July 1, 2003; P.A. 11-126 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing language re approval of principal as new Subdiv. (1), adding new Subdiv. (2) re enrollment in adult education activity as part of alternative educational opportunity during period of expulsion and making conforming changes, effective July 1, 2011; pursuant to P.A. 12-116, “vocational-technical schools” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “technical high schools” in Subsec. (c)(2), effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-121 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to add Subpara. (C) re college preparatory classes, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 17-237 amended Subsec. (c)(2) by replacing “technical high schools” with “technical education and career schools”, effective July 1, 2017.

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Sec. 10-69a. Adult education programs in New Haven and Bridgeport authorized to provide additional instructional services. The state Department of Education shall authorize the adult education programs located in the cities of New Haven and Bridgeport to provide additional instructional services including, but not limited to, training in technology, technical skills, literacy and numeracy and counseling.

(P.A. 13-247, S. 172.)

History: P.A. 13-247 effective July 1, 2013.

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Sec. 10-70. Rooms and personnel. Any local or regional board of education which conducts adult classes and activities shall provide rooms and other facilities for such classes, shall employ the necessary personnel therefor and shall have the powers and duties in relation to such classes and activities by law conferred on them in connection with other public schools.

(1949 Rev., S. 1388; P.A. 78-218, S. 54.)

History: P.A. 78-218 specified applicability to local and regional boards rather than town boards.

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Sec. 10-71. State grants for adult education programs. (a) Each local or regional board of education or regional educational service center which has submitted an adult education proposal to the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-71a shall, annually, be eligible to receive, within available appropriations, a state grant based on a percentage of eligible costs for adult education as defined in section 10-67, provided such percentage shall be determined as follows:

(1) The percentage of the eligible costs for adult education a local board of education shall receive, under the provisions of this section, shall be determined as follows: (A) Each town shall be ranked in descending order from one to one hundred sixty-nine according to such town's adjusted equalized net grand list per capita, as defined in section 10-261; and (B) based upon such ranking, a percentage of not less than zero or more than sixty-five shall be determined for each town on a continuous scale, except that the percentage for a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p shall not be less than twenty. Any such percentage shall be increased by seven and one-half percentage points but shall not exceed sixty-five per cent for any local board of education which provides basic adult education programs for adults at facilities operated by or within the general administrative control and supervision of the Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, provided such adults reside at such facilities.

(2) The percentage of the eligible costs for adult education a regional board of education shall receive under the provisions of this section shall be determined by its ranking. Such ranking shall be determined by (A) multiplying the total population, as defined in section 10-261, of each town in the district by such town's ranking, as determined in subdivision (1) of this subsection, (B) adding together the figures for each town determined under (A), and (C) dividing the total computed under (B) by the total population of all towns in the district. The ranking of each regional board of education shall be rounded to the next higher whole number and each such board shall receive the same reimbursement percentage as would a town with the same rank, except that the reimbursement percentage for a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p shall not be less than twenty.

(3) The percentage of the eligible costs for adult education a regional educational service center shall receive under the provisions of this subsection and section 10-66i shall be determined by its ranking. Such ranking shall be determined by (A) multiplying the total population, as defined in section 10-261, of each member town in the regional educational service center by such town's ranking, as determined in subdivision (1) of this subsection, (B) adding together the figures for each town determined under (A), and (C) dividing the total computed under (B) by the total population of all member towns in the regional educational service center. The ranking of each regional educational service center shall be rounded to the next higher whole number and each such center shall receive the same reimbursement percentage as would a town with the same rank.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (6) of section 10-67, a local or regional board of education or regional educational service center shall be eligible to receive an amount to be paid pursuant to the provisions of subsection (c) of this section. The amount shall equal the eligible expenditures from funds received from private sources by the local or regional board of education, regional educational service center or cooperating eligible entity multiplied by the appropriate percentage, as determined under subsection (a) of this section, provided such amount shall not exceed twenty per cent of the amount received by the local or regional board of education or regional educational service center pursuant to subsection (a) of this section for the previous fiscal year. For payments from private sources to be eligible for reimbursement pursuant to this subsection, (1) based upon estimated eligible costs approved by the Department of Education, the eligible expenditures from local taxes in a fiscal year shall not be less than seventy per cent of the eligible expenditures from local taxes for the previous fiscal year, and (2) the local or regional board of education, regional educational service center or cooperating eligible entity shall provide, not later than a date to be determined by the Commissioner of Education, evidence satisfactory to the commissioner of a written commitment of a payment from a private source. Evidence of actual payment shall be submitted to the commissioner not later than a date established by the commissioner. Upon receipt by a board of education or regional educational service center of state funds pursuant to this subsection attributable to expenditures of a cooperating eligible entity, the board or center shall provide for the distribution of such funds to the cooperating eligible entity for the provision of adult education programs and services pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of section 10-69.

(c) Payments pursuant to this section for each estimated total grant of fifteen hundred dollars or more shall be made during the fiscal year in which such programs are offered as follows: Two-thirds of the grant entitlement based on estimated eligible costs of adult education, included in the approved proposal, in August and the adjusted balance, based on a revised estimate of such eligible costs to be filed with the Commissioner of Education at such time as the commissioner prescribes, in May. Payments pursuant to this section for each estimated total grant of less than fifteen hundred dollars shall be made in a single installment in May of the fiscal year in which such programs are offered, based on a revised estimate of the eligible costs of adult education filed with the Commissioner of Education at such time as the commissioner prescribes. Each recipient of a grant pursuant to this section shall submit a report of actual revenue and expenditures to the Commissioner of Education in such manner and on such forms as the commissioner prescribes on or before the September first immediately following the end of the grant year. Based on the report data, the commissioner shall calculate any underpayment or overpayment of the grant paid pursuant to this section and shall adjust the grant for the fiscal year following the fiscal year in which such underpayment or overpayment occurred or any subsequent fiscal year.

(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2004, to June 30, 2022, inclusive, the amount of the grants payable to towns, regional boards of education or regional educational service centers in accordance with this section shall be reduced proportionately if the total of such grants in such year exceeds the amount appropriated for the purposes of this section for such year.

(1949 Rev., S. 1389; 1957, P.A. 581, S. 2; 1961, P.A. 512, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 166, S. 2; P.A. 74-281, S. 2; P.A. 75-479, S. 6, 25; 75-576, S. 2; P.A. 78-218, S. 55; P.A. 79-128, S. 6, 36; P.A. 81-397, S. 6; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-4, S. 5, 8; P.A. 84-325, S. 2, 7; P.A. 85-476, S. 1, 6; 85-557, S. 1, 3; P.A. 86-333, S. 5, 32; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 31, 58; P.A. 87-499, S. 31, 34; P.A. 88-360, S. 8, 9, 63; P.A. 89-355, S. 4, 20; P.A. 90-33, S. 2, 4; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-7, S. 4, 22; P.A. 92-262, S. 20, 42; P.A. 93-126, S. 2, 3; 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-257, S. 31, 58; 95-259, S. 7, 32; P.A. 99-224, S. 8, 9; P.A. 03-76, S. 8, 9; 03-100, S. 4; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 10; P.A. 04-257, S. 10; P.A. 05-245, S. 16; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 3; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6, S. 42; P.A. 11-48, S. 176; P.A. 12-59, S. 4; P.A. 13-247, S. 158; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 247; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 171, 576; P.A. 19-117, S. 264; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 372; P.A. 22-118, S. 255.)

History: 1961 act increased rate of reimbursement from six to $0.12 per pupil clock hour and added exception for classes defined as largely recreational in nature; 1967 act required certification of attendance before August first rather than “on the first day of July”; P.A. 74-281 substituted “school district” for “town” in first sentence and deleted other references to town boards, required certification by school districts providing services to other districts, changed reimbursement from $0.12 per pupil clock hour to formula multiplying average daily membership grant by pupil clock hours and dividing by 1,260 and substituted “persons sixty-two years of age or over” for “aged persons, as defined by the state board”; P.A. 75-479 changed divisor in formula to 1,080 and excluded from payment classes or activities “offered pursuant to subdivisions (1) or (2) of section 10-69” rather than those “defined by the state board of education to be largely recreational in nature”; P.A. 75-576 added phrase specifying that approval of state board necessary for cooperative arrangements between school districts and allowed payment for classes “primarily” for handicapped or elderly persons; P.A. 78-218 referred to any local or regional board rather than the board of any school district and made other technical changes; P.A. 79-128 changed formula by substituting “product” for “sum” and “the sum of two hundred fifty dollars” for “the average daily membership grant”; P.A. 81-397 terminated previous provisions re reimbursement for adult education as of June 30, 1981, and added Subsec. (b) providing for annual grants based on eligible costs as determined by specified formula; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-4 amended Subsec. (b)(3) to clarify that population figures used in calculating grants are to be total population figures as defined in Sec. 10-261; P.A. 84-325 deleted former Subsec. (a) re reimbursement of school districts for adult education programs offered during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1981; P.A. 85-476 amended section to specify that reimbursement percentage is determined by ranking, to provide that ranking is to be rounded to next higher whole number and to provide for reimbursement at same percentage as for a town with the same rank; P.A. 85-557 amended section to provide for payment of grants of less than $1,500 in a single installment; P.A. 86-333 substituted 1986 for 1983 in the introductory paragraph, inserted “total” in Subdiv. (2)(A), and in Subdiv. (3) provided for the submission of a report and adjustments in grant amounts for overpayments and underpayments; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 added “total” in Subdiv. (2)(A) and in Subdiv. (3) amended the payment schedules by substituting March for April and May for June and by providing that for grants of $1,500 or more, two-thirds be paid in August rather than one-third in August and one-third in December; P.A. 87-499 added new Subsec. (b) re reimbursement for payments from private sources, divided old section into Subsecs. (a) and (c) and made technical changes; P.A. 88-360 in Subsec. (b) added in Subdiv. (1) that eligible expenditures from local taxes be based on estimated eligible costs approved by the state department of education, specified that the board or center distribute state funds attributable to the expenditures of a cooperating eligible entity to the entity for providing certain adult education programs and services upon receipt of such funds and made technical changes and in Subsec. (c) substituted two-thirds of the grant entitlement based on estimated eligible costs for two-thirds of the estimated eligible costs, substituted February fifteenth for March fifteenth as the date on or before which a revised estimate is to be filed and made technical changes; P.A. 89-355 in Subsec. (a)(1) changed the reimbursement percentage sliding scale of 30% to 70% to 10% to 70% and provided for a 5% increase for boards of education which provide basic adult education programs for certain adults; P.A. 90-33 in Subsec. (b) provided that for payments from private sources to be eligible for reimbursement the eligible expenditures from local taxes be not less than 70% of the eligible expenditures from local taxes for the previous fiscal year; June Sp. Sess. 91-7 amended Subsec. (a) by requiring that grants be “within available appropriations”; P.A. 92-262 amended Subsec. (a) to delete provision specifying that grants be within available appropriations and in Subdiv. (1) to change ten to zero, seventy to sixty-five and five to seven and one-half and to add the exceptions for boards serving 4,000 or 2,000 students; P.A. 93-126 amended Subsec. (a) to make technical changes, Subsec. (b) to change the percentage limit from 10% to 20% and Subsec. (c) to change the filing date in two places from February fifteenth to a time prescribed by the commissioner and to allow the commissioner to adjust the grant in any subsequent fiscal year for an underpayment or overpayment, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 93-381 replaced Connecticut alcohol and drug abuse commission with department of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-257 deleted Subsec. (a)(1)(ii) re facilities operated by the former Department of Public Health and Addiction Services and replaced Department of Mental Health with Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-259 amended Subsec. (c) to extend the time for the report from “August” to “September” and made technical changes throughout the section, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 99-224 amended Subsec. (a) to add the requirement in Subdivs. (1) and (2) that the percentage for a priority school district be at least 20%, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 03-76 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a)(1) and (b), effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 03-100 amended Subsec. (a)(1) by inserting “and” after Subpara. (A), deleting provisions in Subpara. (B) re percentage increase for service of 4,000 or more students and deleting Subpara. (C) re service of 2,000 or more students, effective July 1, 2003; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 added Subsec. (d) re proportional reduction of grants for fiscal years ending June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2005, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 04-257 made a technical change in Subsec. (a)(1)(B), effective June 14, 2004; P.A. 05-245 amended Subsec. (d) to extend the proportional reduction of grants through the fiscal year ending June 30, 2007, effective July 1, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 amended Subsec. (d) to extend proportional reduction of grants through the fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, effective July 1, 2007; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6 amended Subsec. (d) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2011, effective October 5, 2009; P.A. 11-48 amended Subsec. (d) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2013, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-59 made a technical change in Subsec. (b), effective May 31, 2012; P.A. 13-247 amended Subsec. (d) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2015, effective July 1, 2013; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (d) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2017, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “within available appropriations” re eligibility to receive state grant, and amended Subsec. (d) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2019, effective October 31, 2017; P.A. 19-117 amended Subsec. (d) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, effective July 1, 2019; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (d) to extend proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 22-118 amended Subsec. (d) to limit proportional reduction of grants through fiscal year ending June 30, 2022, effective July 1, 2022.

Cited. 163 C. 537; 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24.

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Sec. 10-71a. State grants for adult education programs. Eligibility requirements. To be eligible for aid pursuant to section 10-71 or pursuant to requirements of federal law, a local or regional board of education, or a regional educational service center which provides, or a local or regional board of education which makes payment to another board of education pursuant to a cooperative agreement under section 10-69 to provide a program of adult education pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of said section 10-69, or which provides programs or services of adult education which conform to the state plan approved under the requirements of federal law, shall, on or before April 15, 1991, and annually thereafter, file with the Commissioner of Education, on such forms as the commissioner shall prescribe, an adult education proposal. Such proposal shall: (1) Describe the program to be offered, including the program to be provided by a cooperating eligible entity, and (2) provide an estimate of the eligible costs, as defined in section 10-67, for the fiscal year following the year in which the proposal is filed with the Commissioner of Education.

(P.A. 81-397, S. 5; P.A. 84-325, S. 3, 7; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 32, 58; P.A. 88-360, S. 10, 63; P.A. 90-33, S. 3, 4; P.A. 12-59, S. 5.)

History: P.A. 84-325 made technical change re reference to Sec. 10-71, reflecting amendments to that section made by the same act; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 substituted “educational” for “education”, “makes payment” for “pays tuition and fees” and “February 15, 1987” for “February 15, 1982”; P.A. 88-360 in Subdiv. (1) provided that the description of the program to be offered include the program to be provided by a cooperating eligible entity; P.A. 90-33 changed date of filing of adult education proposals from February fifteenth to April fifteenth; P.A. 12-59 made a technical change, effective May 31, 2012.

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Secs. 10-72 and 10-73. Exemption may be granted by state board. Schools for non-English-speaking adults. Sections 10-72 and 10-73 are repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 1390, 1391; 1961, P.A. 512, S. 3; P.A. 78-218, S. 56; P.A. 81-397, S. 9.)

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Sec. 10-73a. Adult education fees and charges; waivers. Adult education school activity fund. (a) Tuition or registration fees shall not be charged by any school district to adults enrolled in any adult class or program required under subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of section 10-69. Registration fees may be charged by a providing school district or cooperating eligible entity to a cooperating school district for any adult residents of such cooperating district who are enrolled in any adult class or program of adult classes maintained by such providing school district or cooperating eligible entity and required by said section.

(b) The board of education of any providing school district may charge a registration fee for residents of a cooperating school district registered for any subject offered pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of section 10-69 in an amount greater than the registration fee charged for residents of such providing school district registered for any such subject.

(c) The board of education of any providing school district may fix and collect a charge from any student for books and materials furnished such student in any adult class or activity or program of adult classes or activities, or may lend books or materials to any such student and require the making of deposits by such student, except as provided in this subsection and subsection (e) of this section. The amount of such deposit made by a student may be refunded upon the return, in good condition, of the books or materials lent him. A refundable deposit may be required by the board of education of any providing school district from adult students who are enrolled in any program required under section 10-69 for books or materials furnished to such students for use in such program, provided such deposit shall not exceed the actual cost of such books or materials. The amount of such deposit made by a student shall be refunded upon the return, in good condition, of the books or materials lent him. The board of education of any providing school district may collect a charge from a cooperating school district for any books or materials furnished to adult students who are residents of such cooperating school district and are enrolled in any program required under section 10-69 for use in such program. No charge may be made to any adult enrolled in the classes and activities pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of section 10-69 offered by a cooperating eligible entity.

(d) The board of education of any providing school district may waive fees of any kind to an adult with a disability, as defined by the State Board of Education, or to a person sixty-two years of age or older registered for, or enrolled in, adult programs, classes or activities permitted by subparagraph (B) of subsection (a) of section 10-69, provided such board may charge a cooperating school district (1) a registration fee for any adult with a disability or any person sixty-two years of age or older who is a resident of such cooperating district and who is enrolled, through cooperative arrangements approved by the State Board of Education, in any adult class or program of adult classes maintained by such providing school district and required under section 10-69; and (2) a charge for any books or materials furnished to any such person for use in any adult class or activity or program of adult classes or activities required under section 10-69 or permitted by subparagraph (B) of subsection (a) of section 10-69.

(e) The board of education of any providing school district which collects fees may establish and maintain in its custody an adult education school activity fund through which it may handle the finances of the adult education program as outlined in this section, said fund to be maintained and operated in conformance with the provisions of section 10-237.

(1961, P.A. 512, S. 4; P.A. 74-281, S. 3; P.A. 75-576, S. 3; P.A. 81-397, S. 7; P.A. 83-122, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-325, S. 4, 7; P.A. 87-499, S. 32, 34; 87-589, S. 46, 87; P.A. 95-259, S. 8, 32; P.A. 96-244, S. 10, 63; P.A. 12-59, S. 6; P.A. 13-31, S. 7; P.A. 17-202, S. 16.)

History: P.A. 74-281 substituted “school district” for “town”, amended Subsec. (a) to replace provision prohibiting charge for English and Americanization courses, elementary courses or high school completion courses with provision prohibiting fees for classes required by Subsecs. (a) and (b) of Sec. 10-71, i.e. Americanization and citizenship courses and courses usually provided in elementary and secondary schools in state, deleted former Subsec. (b) re $2 charge for other courses, renumbering remaining subsections accordingly, amended Subsec. (b), formerly (c), to allow charge for classes offered by petition and for nonresident students, retaining exemption for the handicapped and elderly, and made other technical changes; P.A. 75-576 deleted former Subsec. (a) and inserted definitions, deleted former Subsec. (b) and inserted new provisions prohibiting charge for courses required to be offered except in cooperative arrangements between school districts, inserted new Subsecs. (c) and (d) clarifying charges allowed under Subsec. (b), designated former Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (e) and added provisions prohibiting book charges for courses required to be offered except in cooperative arrangements between districts, added new Subsec. (f) clarifying when fees charged handicapped or elderly adults and designated former Subsec. (d) as Subsec. (g); P.A. 81-397 included regional educational service centers as sponsoring school districts, increased maximum registration fee from $8 to $15 per subject for specified courses and replaced provision which allowed handicapped and elderly adults to enroll “in any adult program, class or activity” free of charge with provision allowing them to enroll in “two or fewer” adult programs, classes or activities; P.A. 83-122 amended Subsec. (e) to allow board to charge refundable deposit for books or materials lent to students; P.A. 84-325 amended Subsec. (c) allowing boards to charge residents of a nonsponsoring school district a fee for courses taken which may exceed the registration fee charged to residents of the sponsoring board, deleted Subsec. (d) re fee charged for any subject or activity which the board chose to offer, relettered the subsequent subsecs. accordingly, amended new Subsec. (e) allowing boards to waive the fee for handicapped or elderly adults enrolled in or registered for any number of adult programs, rather than prohibiting the charging of the fee if such adult was enrolled in or registered for two or more classes, deleted Subsec. (e)(2) and (3) re registration fees to be charged and renumbered former Subdiv. (4); P.A. 87-499 provided that registration fees may be charged by a sponsoring school district to a cooperating eligible entity in Subsec. (b) and that no charge be made to any adult enrolled in certain activities offered by cooperating eligible entities in Subsec. (d); P.A. 87-589 made technical changes in Subsec. (b); P.A. 95-259 changed the terminology used to describe school districts, deleted definitions which were added to Sec. 10-67 and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-244 made technical changes and in Subsec. (a) substituted “adults” for “adult residents of such district”, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 12-59 made technical changes effective May 31, 2012; P.A. 13-31 made technical changes in Subsec. (d), effective May 28, 2013; P.A. 17-202 amended Subsec. (d) by replacing references to handicapped adult with references to adult with a disability.

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Sec. 10-73b. Grants for adult education services or programs conforming to state plan. Any local or regional board of education, except a state-operated school district, which provides programs or services of adult education which conform to the state plan approved under the provisions of the federal Adult Education Act of 1974 and which are approved by the State Board of Education, shall be eligible to receive grants under this section as specified in the state plan. The State Board of Education may expend in any fiscal year for administration of programs established pursuant to this section not more than five per cent of any state funds granted to said board for such programs.

(1969, P.A. 515, S. 1, 2; P.A. 75-143, S. 1, 2; P.A. 78-218, S. 57; P.A. 79-408, S. 4, 5; P.A. 81-397, S. 8; P.A. 84-325, S. 5, 7.)

History: P.A. 75-143 amended Subsec. (b) to change federal act date from 1966 to 1974 and to place 5% limit on expenditures of state funds for administration of programs; P.A. 78-218 substituted “local or regional board of education” for “town or regional school district” in Subsec. (b); P.A. 79-408 excepted state-operated school districts from provisions of Subsec. (b); P.A. 81-397 terminated these programs, effective June 30, 1982; P.A. 84-325 deleted Subsec. (a) re basic adult education programs operated by the state board of education during fiscal year ending June 30, 1982.

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Sec. 10-73c. State Board of Education administrative expenses for adult education. A local or regional board of education or a regional educational service center which provides programs or services of adult education which are approved pursuant to the provisions of section 10-71a by the State Board of Education shall be eligible to receive a grant pursuant to section 10-71. The State Board of Education may expend in any fiscal year for administration of programs established pursuant to this section, not more than five per cent of any state funds granted to said board for such programs.

(P.A. 81-397, S. 3; P.A. 95-259, S. 9, 32.)

History: P.A. 95-259 deleted former Subsec. (a) re programs for persons who have an inability to speak, read or write the English language and removed Subsec. (b) designator, effective July 1, 1995.

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Sec. 10-73d. Request of certain students to attend adult education classes. Assignment. A public school student who is both under seventeen years of age and a mother may request permission from the local or regional board of education to attend adult education classes. The local or regional board of education may, by a majority vote of the members of the board present and voting at a regular or special meeting of the board called for such purpose, assign such student to adult education classes.

(P.A. 96-244, S. 49, 63; P.A. 12-120, S. 29.)

History: P.A. 96-244, S. 49 effective June 6, 1996; P.A. 12-120 replaced “sixteen” with “seventeen”, effective June 15, 2012.

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Sec. 10-74. State aid for schools for non-English-speaking adults. Section 10-74 is repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 1392; 1961, P.A. 512, S. 3.)

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Sec. 10-74a. Summer courses. Charges. Any local or regional board of education may establish and maintain a program of courses of instruction during the summer months for school children on a voluntary basis and may charge for each child attending a reasonable fee not to exceed the cost of such program; except that such board of education may, in its discretion, waive such charge for any good and sufficient reason.

(1961, P.A. 208; P.A. 78-218, S. 58.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted “any local or regional” board for the board “of any town or regional school district”.

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Sec. 10-74b. Grants for remedial summer school programs. Section 10-74b is repealed.

(P.A. 85-576, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-191, S. 1, 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-7, S. 21, 22.)

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Sec. 10-74c. Grants for young parents programs. (a) The Department of Education shall establish a young parents grant program in each fiscal year in which funds are appropriated for the purpose of assisting local and regional boards of education with the establishment or maintenance of education programs for students who are parents which may include a day-care component.

(b) The Commissioner of Education shall solicit grant applications from local and regional boards of education which shall be submitted annually to the commissioner at such time and on such forms as the commissioner prescribes. In determining whether a board of education shall be granted funds pursuant to this section, the commissioner shall consider, but such consideration shall not be limited to, the following factors: (1) Availability in the school and community of professional, paraprofessional and other program staff with interest in and ability to provide a young parents program; (2) availability of space in a school building to accommodate the program; (3) demonstration of support by administrative personnel, teaching staff and pupil personnel staff and collaboration with members of the local or regional health agency; (4) reasonable evidence of future stability of the program and its personnel; (5) evidence of the need for a young parents program in the local community; and (6) cost effectiveness of the program.

(c) Within the availability of funds, the commissioner shall approve grant awards to local and regional boards of education based upon the nature of the approved program and the number of students to be served. Local or regional boards of education which establish or maintain young parents programs funded under this section shall contribute at least fifty per cent of the total cost of the program. Within sixty days after the close of the school year, each local or regional board of education which received a grant shall file with the department a financial statement of expenditures in such form as the department shall prescribe. If the commissioner finds that any such board of education uses a grant under this section for purposes other than those which are in conformity with the purposes of this section, the commissioner may require repayment of such grant to the state.

(P.A. 85-539, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-136, S. 3, 37; 88-360, S. 48, 63; P.A. 93-353, S. 37, 52.)

History: P.A. 88-136 deleted Subsec. (d) which required the commissioners of health services and education to report to the general assembly by January 15, 1987; P.A. 88-360 in Subsec. (b) deleted the limitation that the commissioner not issue more than ten grants during each fiscal year; P.A. 93-353 amended Subsec. (a) to make the language concerning a day-care component permissive rather than mandatory, effective July 1, 1993.

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Sec. 10-74d. Grants for interdistrict cooperative programs. (a) The Department of Education shall, within available appropriations and after payments made pursuant to section 10-266j and for purposes of subsection (d) of section 10-266aa, maintain a competitive grant program for the purpose of assisting local and regional boards of education, regional educational service centers and nonsectarian nonprofit organizations approved by the Commissioner of Education with the establishment and operation of interdistrict cooperative programs. Such programs may include programs pursuant to section 10-266bb, lighthouse schools, as defined in section 10-266cc, and programs conducted by interdistrict magnet schools, provided such magnet school programs (1) are conducted at the magnet school, (2) primarily serve children not enrolled in the magnet school, and (3) are not programs for which a local or regional board of education or a regional educational service center receives funds pursuant to section 10-264h or 10-264l.

(b) To be eligible for a grant under this section, each application shall be submitted pursuant to a cooperative arrangement on behalf of two or more local or regional boards of education, by a regional educational service center solely or pursuant to a cooperative arrangement with one or more local or regional boards of education, by a nonsectarian nonprofit organization approved by the commissioner or, in the case of a lighthouse school, by a local or regional board of education or regional educational service center. Applications shall be submitted annually to the Commissioner of Education at such times and in such manner as the commissioner prescribes. Except for applications for grants in accordance with subsection (d) of section 10-266aa, in determining whether an application shall be approved and funds awarded pursuant to this section, the commissioner shall consider, but such consideration shall not be limited to, the following factors: (1) The specific objectives and description of the proposed program; (2) the cost; (3) the number of school districts and students that will benefit, provided on and after July 1, 1998, the commissioner shall not award a grant for a program, other than a lighthouse school, in which more than eighty per cent of the students are from one school district; (4) the relative wealth of the participating school districts; and (5) whether the proposed program is likely to (A) increase student achievement, and (B) reduce racial, ethnic and economic isolation.

(c) The Department of Education may retain (1) up to one per cent of the amount appropriated for interdistrict cooperative grants pursuant to this section for state-wide technical assistance, program monitoring and evaluation, and administration, and (2) up to one per cent of such amount for use by the Technical Education and Career System for interdistrict summer school, weekend and after-school programs.

(P.A. 85-375, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-360, S. 56, 63; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-7, S. 5, 22; P.A. 93-263, S. 6, 14; P.A. 95-226, S. 18, 30; P.A. 96-244, S. 54, 63; P.A. 97-290, S. 12, 29; P.A. 98-168, S. 20, 26; 98-252, S. 7, 80; P.A. 99-281, S. 5, 6; 99-289, S. 7, 11; P.A. 01-173, S. 10, 67; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 30, 54; P.A. 12-116, S. 87; P.A. 17-237, S. 53; P.A. 22-118, S. 273.)

History: P.A. 88-360 in Subsec. (a) provided that the program be within available appropriations rather than a three-year pilot, substituted “with” for “in addressing the problem of declining pupil enrollments through” and made a technical change, in Subsec. (b) provided that applications be submitted annually and in Subsec. (c) deleted an obsolete provision re a report due January 15, 1988; June Sp. Sess. 91-7 inserted new Subsec. (b) concerning programs implemented pursuant to Sec. 10-266j and relettered the remaining Subsecs. accordingly; P.A. 93-263 amended Subsec. (d) to add “operation” and “facilities” and to include magnet schools and programs not eligible for grants pursuant to Secs. 10-264f to 10-264i, inclusive, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-226 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision requiring payments to be made first pursuant to Secs. 10-264i, 10-264l and 10-266j, added regional educational service centers and excluded interdistrict magnet school programs, deleted former Subsec. (b) re language requiring payments be made first to programs pursuant to Sec. 10-266j and relettered remaining Subsecs. accordingly, amended Subsec. (b), formerly (c), to add Subdivs. (5) and (6) and make technical changes and deleted former Subsec. (d) re criteria for the awarding of grants and repayment provision, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-244 added Subsec. (c) re retention by the Department of Education of up to one per cent of the amount appropriated, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-290 amended Subsec. (a) to add programs pursuant to Sec. 10-266bb and lighthouse schools, amended Subsec. (b)(3) to add provision re prohibition against awarding a grant on and after July 1, 1998, for a program in which more than 80% of the students are from one school district and amended (b)(5) to change “enhance student diversity and awareness of diversity” to “reduce racial, ethnic and economic isolation”, and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-168 amended Subsec. (a) to remove provisions for payments pursuant to Secs. 10-264i and 10-264l and added provision for payments pursuant to Sec. 10-266j to be made from the appropriation for this section, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 98-252 amended Subsec. (b)(5) to substitute “achievement” for performance on the state-wide mastery examination and to deleted obsolete Subsec. (b)(6), effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-281 amended Subsec. (c) to designate existing provision as Subdiv. (1) and to add Subdiv. (2) re retaining of funds for use by regional vocational-technical schools, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 99-289 amended Subsec. (a) to make technical changes and amended Subsec. (b) to add provisions relating to lighthouse schools and to make a technical change, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (a) to allow nonsectarian nonprofit organizations to be eligible for grants, to remove a prohibition against the use of grants for interdistrict magnet school programs and to allow grant funds to be used for magnet school programs that meet specified conditions and amended Subsec. (b) to add applications submitted by nonsectarian nonprofit organizations, effective July 1, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 amended Subsec. (a) to include payments for purposes of Sec. 10-266aa(d) and amended Subsec. (b) to add exception for applications for grants in accordance with Sec. 10-266aa(d), effective July 1, 2001 (Revisor's note: The word “section” was added editorially by the Revisors in Subsec. (a) before “10-266aa” for consistency with customary statutory usage); pursuant to P.A. 12-116, “regional vocational-technical schools” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “technical high schools” in Subsec. (c), effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 17-237 amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “technical high schools” with “Technical High School System”, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 22-118 amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “Technical High School” with “Technical Education and Career”, effective July 1, 2022.

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Sec. 10-74e. Basic Education Training Team for Employment Readiness; state match. Section 10-74e is repealed, effective July 1, 1998.

(P.A. 86-333, S. 23, 32; P.A. 98-252, S. 79, 80; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 105, 121.)

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Sec. 10-74f. School reorganization model. Each local or regional board of education with jurisdiction over an elementary or middle school that fails to meet performance benchmarks in mathematics, reading, or both, as determined under the state-wide performance management and support plan adopted pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of section 10-223e, and is classified as a category four school or a category five school, may reorganize such school to provide that:

(1) (A) The school be organized in academies, each containing a maximum of one hundred seventy-five students divided into different classes based on grade. (B) Each academy include all grade levels at the school. (C) Students be randomly assigned to academies. (D) The academies have different themes but the curriculum be the same in all.

(2) (A) The school principal appoint a teacher as team leader for each academy based on evaluations pursuant to section 10-151b. (B) Team leaders not be teacher supervisors, but be literacy, mathematics or science specialists. (C) Team leaders work with the school's regular classroom teachers to: (i) Plan lessons; (ii) look at student data; (iii) work with small groups of students; (iv) provide model lessons; and (v) plan school and academy-wide activities.

(3) Each class in each academy have a ninety-minute mathematics block and a two-hour literacy block every day.

(4) Each student in the school have an individual education plan that incorporates the student's personal reading plan if the student is required to have a reading plan pursuant to section 10-265g or 10-265l, provided any child with an individual educational program developed pursuant to section 10-76d follows such program.

(5) All teachers in the school of the same grade level meet weekly to plan lessons.

(6) Teachers meet daily in teams based on grade level to plan lessons.

(7) Teachers meet once a week with the team leader and the school principal to look at student work and data, evaluate instruction and make adjustments and changes in instruction.

(8) Students receive regular assessments, including short assessment tests every two weeks, that evaluate short-term progress and district-wide assessment tests every six weeks that evaluate a student's progress toward long-term objectives.

(9) Any child who is falling behind based on assessments conducted under subdivision (8) of this section be the subject of a meeting with teachers, school principal and parents.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 33; P.A. 12-116, S. 28.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 12-116 replaced “make adequate yearly progress based on whole school academic achievement” with “meet performance benchmarks” and replaced “state-wide accountability plan adopted under section 10-223e for two consecutive years” with “state-wide performance management and support plan adopted pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of section 10-223e, and is classified as a category four school or a category five school”, effective July 1, 2012.

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Sec. 10-74g. CommPACT schools. A local or regional board of education may, through agreement with the organizations designated or elected as the exclusive representatives of the teachers' and administrators' units, as defined in section 10-153b, for the teachers and administrators employed by such board, create a CommPACT school. The board shall permit the school autonomy in governance, budgeting and curriculum. The school shall be managed collaboratively by the superintendent of the school district and a governing board comprised of representatives of the school and of the teachers' and administrators' units, community leaders and parents and guardians of students who attend the school.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3, S. 37.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-3 effective July 1, 2007.

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Sec. 10-74h. Innovation schools. Innovation plan. Evaluation. Enrollment. (a) A local or regional board of education for a school district identified as a priority school district, pursuant to section 10-266p, may, through agreement with the organizations designated or elected as the exclusive representatives of the teachers' and administrators' units, as defined in section 10-153b, convert an existing public school into an innovation school or establish a new school as an innovation school, in accordance with the provisions of this section, for purposes of improving school performance and student achievement. For purposes of this section, an innovation school is a school in which: (1) Faculty and district leadership are responsible for developing an innovation plan, as described in subsection (b) of this section, under which the school operates and the administrators of the school are responsible for meeting the terms of the innovation plan; or (2) an external partner is responsible for developing the innovation plan, as described in subsection (b) of this section, under which the school operates and the external partner is responsible for meeting the terms of the innovation plan. For purposes of this section, an external partner may include a public or private institution of higher education, nonprofit charter school operators, educational collaboratives or a consortia authorized by the Commissioner of Education that may include public or private institutions of higher education, parents, the organizations designated or elected as the exclusive representatives of the teachers' and administrators' units, as defined in said section 10-153b, superintendents or boards of education. The local or regional board of education shall decide whether the faculty and district leadership or an external partner is responsible for developing the innovation plan.

(b) (1) An innovation school established under this section shall operate according to an innovation plan. Such plan shall articulate the areas of autonomy and flexibility in curriculum, budget, school schedule and calendar, school district policies and procedures, professional development, and staffing policies and procedures, including waivers from or modifications to contracts or collective bargaining agreements. Such innovation plan shall be developed by the faculty and district leadership or an external partner by means of an innovation plan committee. Membership of the innovation plan committee developed by (A) faculty and district leadership shall consist of at least nine members, but not more than eleven members, (i) five of whom shall be selected by the local or regional board of education and shall include (I) the superintendent of schools for the school district, or his or her designee; (II) a member of the local or regional board of education, or his or her designee; (III) two parents who have one or more children enrolled in the school, or, in the case of a new school, parents from the district; and (IV) the principal of the school, or, in the case of a new school and where a principal has not yet been hired, a principal from the school district in which the new school is located, (ii) two of whom shall be certified teachers of the school appointed by the exclusive bargaining representative of the teachers' unit chosen pursuant to section 10-153b, or, in the case of a new school and where no certified teachers have yet been hired, two certified teachers appointed by the exclusive bargaining representative of the teachers' unit chosen pursuant to section 10-153b, and (iii) not more than four of whom the local or regional board of education deems appropriate; (B) an external partner shall consist of at least nine members, but not more than eleven members, (i) seven of whom shall be selected by the local or regional board of education and shall include (I) the superintendent of schools for the school district, or his or her designee; (II) a member of the local or regional board of education, or his or her designee; (III) two parents who have one or more children enrolled in the school, or, in the case of a new school, parents from the district; (IV) the principal of the school, or, in the case of a new school and where a principal has not yet been hired, a principal from the school district in which the new school is located; and (V) two of whom shall represent the external partner, (ii) two of whom shall be certified teachers of the school appointed by the exclusive bargaining representative of the teachers' unit chosen pursuant to section 10-153b, or, in the case of a new school and where no certified teachers have yet been hired, two certified teachers appointed by the exclusive bargaining representative of the teachers' unit chosen pursuant to section 10-153b, and (iii) not more than two of whom the local or regional board of education deems appropriate. A majority vote of the innovation plan committee shall be required for approval and implementation of the innovation plan.

(2) The innovation plan shall include, but not be limited to: (A) A curriculum plan that includes a detailed description of the curriculum and related programs for the proposed school and how the curriculum is expected to improve school performance and student achievement; (B) a budget plan that includes a detailed description of how funds shall be used in the proposed school to support school performance and student achievement that is or may be different than how funds are used in other public schools in the district; (C) a school schedule plan that includes a detailed description of the ways the program or calendar of the proposed school may be enhanced or expanded; (D) a staffing plan, including any proposed waivers or modifications of collective bargaining agreements, subject to agreement with the exclusive bargaining representative for the certified employees employed at the school, chosen pursuant to section 10-153b and in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section; (E) a policies and procedures plan that includes a detailed description of the unique operational policies and procedures to be used by the proposed school and how the procedures will support school performance and student achievement; and (F) a professional development plan that includes a detailed description of how the school may provide professional development to its administrators, teachers and other staff.

(3) In order to assess the proposed school across multiple measures of school performance and student success, the innovation plan shall include measurable annual goals, including, but not limited to, goals relating to the following: (A) Student attendance; (B) student safety and discipline; (C) student promotion and graduation and dropout rates; (D) student performance on the state-wide mastery examination, pursuant to section 10-14n; (E) progress in areas of academic underperformance; (F) progress among subgroups of students, including low-income students, limited English-proficient students and students receiving special education; and (G) reduction of achievement gaps among different groups of students.

(c) Nothing in this section shall alter the collective bargaining agreements applicable to the administrators, teachers and staff in the school, subject to the provisions of sections 10-153a to 10-153n, inclusive, and such collective bargaining agreements shall be considered to be in operation at an innovation school, except to the extent the provisions are waived or modified in the innovation plan and agreed to by a two-thirds vote of the members of the exclusive bargaining representative employed or to be employed at the innovation school.

(d) Innovation schools authorized under this section shall be evaluated annually by the superintendent of schools for the school district. The superintendent shall submit the evaluation to the local or regional board of education and the Commissioner of Education. The evaluation shall determine whether the school has met the annual goals outlined in the innovation plan for the school and assess the implementation of the innovation plan at the school. The superintendent may amend or suspend one or more components of the innovation plan if the superintendent determines, after one year, an amendment is necessary because of subsequent changes in the school district that affect one or more components of such innovation plan. If the superintendent determines that the school has substantially failed to meet the goals outlined in the innovation plan, the local or regional board of education may: (1) Amend one or more components of the innovation plan; (2) suspend one or more components of the innovation plan; or (3) terminate the authorization of the school, provided the amendment or suspension shall not take place before the completion of the second full year of the operation of the school and the termination shall not take place before the completion of the third full year of the operation of the school. Any amendment to or suspension of any component of the innovation plan that changes the contract of employment for any teacher employed at the school shall be approved by a two-thirds vote of the members of the exclusive bargaining representative for the teachers employed at the school prior to any such amendment or suspension of the innovation plan.

(e) The local or regional board of education shall allow a student who is enrolled in a school at the time it is established as an innovation school pursuant to this section to remain enrolled in the school if the student and the student's parents choose to have the student remain.

(P.A. 10-111, S. 6; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 10-1, S. 70; P.A. 11-28, S. 6.)

History: P.A. 10-111 effective July 1, 2010; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 10-1 made technical changes in Subsec. (d), effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 11-28 made technical changes in Subsec. (b), effective June 3, 2011.

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Sec. 10-74i. Community schools. (a) As used in this section:

(1) “Community school” means a public school that participates in a coordinated, community-based effort with community partners to provide comprehensive educational, developmental, family, health and wrap-around services to students, families and community members.

(2) “Community partner” means a provider of one or more of the following services to students, families or community members: (A) Primary medical or dental care, (B) mental health treatment and services, (C) academic enrichment activities, (D) programs designed to improve student attendance at school, (E) youth development programs, (F) early childhood education, (G) parental involvement programs, (H) child care services, (I) programs that provide assistance to students who are truant or who have been suspended or expelled, (J) youth and adult job training and career counseling services, (K) nutrition education, (L) adult education, (M) remedial education and enrichment activities, (N) legal services, or (O) any other appropriate services or programs.

(b) On and after July 1, 2013, a local or regional board of education may designate an existing school or establish a new school to be a community school. Such community school shall collaborate with community partners to provide services to students, families and community members.

(c) Following the designation or establishment of a community school, but prior to the opening of such community school, the board of education shall conduct (1) an operations and instructional audit, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of section 10-223h, for an existing school that has been designated as a community school, (2) a community needs audit to identify the academic, physical, social, emotional, health, mental health and civic needs of students and their families that may impact student learning and academic achievement, and (3) a community resource assessment of potential resources, services and opportunities available within or near the community that students, families and community members may access and integrate into the community school.

(d) The board of education shall develop a community school plan for each school designated as a community school. When developing such community school plan, such board shall use the results of the community resource assessment to address the specific needs identified in the operations and instructional audit and community needs audit. Such community school plan shall coordinate, integrate and enhance services for students, families and community members at the community school to improve the academic achievement of such students and increase family and community involvement in education.

(e) Any local or regional board of education that has established a community school shall, annually, at the conclusion of each school year, submit a report to the Department of Education, in a form and manner prescribed by the department, regarding each community school. Such report shall (1) include an evaluation on the effectiveness of the community school in providing services to students, families and community members, including, but not limited to, whether the implementation of the community school plan has improved student academic achievement and increased family and community involvement in education, (2) measure the development and implementation of partnerships with community partners, (3) provide information regarding the degree of communication between schools and families, neighborhood safety, school climate, the degree of parental participation in school activities, student health, student civic participation, the number of students, families and community members receiving services at the community school and any other information that is relevant to evaluating the community school, and (4) analyze, as appropriate, how student learning and academic achievement, graduation rates, attendance rates, school readiness, the number of suspensions and expulsions, graduate enrollment in institutions of higher education have been affected by the incorporation of services at the community school.

(f) Not later than January 1, 2015, and annually thereafter, the Commissioner of Education shall submit a report on community schools to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a. Such report shall include an evaluation of the community schools in operation during the prior school year and provide information regarding (1) state and federal barriers to implementation and effective coordination of services at the community schools, (2) the extent of coordination between state agencies providing services at the community schools, and (3) the efficiency and adequacy of local and state programs and policies with respect to student and family services provided at the community school.

(P.A. 13-64, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 13-64 effective July 1, 2013.

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Sec. 10-74j. Alternative education. (a) As used in this section, “alternative education” means a school or program maintained and operated by a local or regional board of education that is offered to students in a nontraditional educational setting and addresses the social, emotional, behavioral and academic needs of such students.

(b) A local or regional board of education may provide alternative education to students, in accordance with guidelines established by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-74k. A local or regional board of education may use space in an existing school or establish a new school for the purposes of providing alternative education to students. Alternative education shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-15 and 10-16 and shall be subject to all federal and state laws governing public schools.

(c) Each local and regional board of education shall make available on its Internet web site information relating to alternative education offered under this section, including, but not limited to, the purpose, location, contact information, staff directory and enrollment criteria for such alternative education.

(P.A. 15-133, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 15-133 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-74k. Alternative education guidelines. Identification and organization codes. (a) The Department of Education shall develop guidelines for the provision of alternative education, as defined in section 10-74j. Such guidelines shall include, but not be limited to, a description of the purpose and expectations of alternative education, criteria for who is eligible to receive alternative education and criteria for how and when a student may enter or exit alternative education.

(b) The department shall assign an identification code and organization code to each school or program of alternative education provided by a local or regional board of education for purposes of collecting, tracking and monitoring such alternative education in the public school information system, pursuant to section 10-10a.

(P.A. 15-133, S. 2; P.A. 16-163, S. 20.)

History: P.A. 15-133 effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 16-163 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective June 9, 2016.

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Sec. 10-74l. Annual report re receipt of federal funds under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2016, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Department of Education shall submit an annual report regarding federal funds received pursuant to the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 USC 1400 et seq., as amended from time to time, to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a. Such report shall include, but need not be limited to: (1) The total amount of federal funds received pursuant to said Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, (2) the total amount of such federal funds paid by the department to local and regional boards of education, (3) the total amount of such federal funds paid by the department to each local or regional board of education, and (4) a description of how such federal funds are being spent, including, but not limited to, which programs are receiving such federal funds from the department.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 264.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-74m. Department to enter into memoranda of understanding with other state agencies re provision of special education services. (a) The Department of Education shall enter into memoranda of understanding with the Bureau of Rehabilitation Services, the Office of Early Childhood and the Departments of Developmental Services, Children and Families, Social Services and Correction regarding the provision of special education and related services to children, including, but not limited to, education, health care and transition services. Such memoranda of understanding shall account for current programs and services, utilize best practices and be updated or renewed at least every five years.

(b) The Bureau of Rehabilitation Services, the Office of Early Childhood and the Departments of Developmental Services, Children and Families, Social Services and Correction shall, as necessary, enter into memoranda of understanding regarding the provision of special education and related services to children as such services relate to one another. Such memoranda of understanding shall account for current programs and services, utilize best practices and be updated or renewed at least every five years.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 282.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015.

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Sec. 10-74n. Transition resources, services and programs. Fact sheet. Collection and distribution of information. (a) The State Board of Education, in collaboration with the Bureau of Rehabilitation Services, the Department of Developmental Services and the Office of Workforce Strategy, shall: (1) Coordinate the provision of transition resources, services and programs to children requiring special education and related services, (2) create, and update as necessary, a fact sheet that lists the state agencies that provide transition resources, services and programs and a brief description of such transition resources, services and programs and disseminate such fact sheet to local and regional boards of education for distribution to parents, teachers, administrators and boards of education, and (3) annually collect information related to transition resources, programs and services provided by other state agencies and make such information available to parents, teachers, administrators and boards of education.

(b) For the school year commencing July 1, 2016, and each school year thereafter, the State Board of Education shall distribute the information described in subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section to each local or regional board of education. Each local or regional board of education shall annually distribute such information to the parent of a child requiring special education and related services in grades six to twelve, inclusive, at a planning and placement team meeting for such child. As used in this section, “parent” means the parent or guardian of a child requiring special education or the surrogate parent or, in the case of a pupil who is an emancipated minor or eighteen years of age or older, the pupil.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 266; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 233.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “Office of Workforce Competitiveness” with “Office of Workforce Strategy”, effective July 1, 2021.

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(1949 Rev., S. 1393, 1394; 1955, S. 925d; 1959, P.A. 520; 664, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 576, S. 1–10; 1963, P.A. 635, S. 1; February, 1965, P.A. 150, S. 1; 203, S. 1; 206, S. 1; 279, S. 1; 507, S. 1; 531, S. 1, 2; 1967, P.A. 627, S. 9.)

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Sec. 10-76a. Definitions. Whenever used in sections 10-76a to 10-76i, inclusive:

(1) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Education.

(2) “Child” means any person under twenty-two years of age.

(3) An “exceptional child” means a child who deviates either intellectually, physically or emotionally so markedly from normally expected growth and development patterns that he or she is or will be unable to progress effectively in a regular school program and needs a special class, special instruction or special services.

(4) “Special education” means specially designed instruction developed in accordance with the regulations of the commissioner, subject to approval by the State Board of Education offered at no cost to parents or guardians, to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability, including instruction conducted in the classroom, in the home, in hospitals and institutions, and in other settings and instruction in physical education and special classes, programs or services, including related services, designed to meet the educational needs of exceptional children.

(5) “A child requiring special education” means any exceptional child who (A) meets the criteria for eligibility for special education pursuant to the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, 20 USC 1400, et seq., as amended from time to time, (B) has extraordinary learning ability or outstanding talent in the creative arts, the development of which requires programs or services beyond the level of those ordinarily provided in regular school programs but which may be provided through special education as part of the public school program, or (C) is age three to five, inclusive, and is experiencing developmental delay that causes such child to require special education.

(6) “Developmental delay” means significant delay in one or more of the following areas: (A) Physical development; (B) communication development; (C) cognitive development; (D) social or emotional development; or (E) adaptive development, as measured by appropriate diagnostic instruments and procedures and demonstrated by scores obtained on an appropriate norm-referenced standardized diagnostic instrument.

(7) “Related services” means related services, as defined in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, 20 USC 1400 et seq., as amended from time to time.

(8) “Extraordinary learning ability” and “outstanding creative talent” shall be defined by regulation by the commissioner, subject to the approval of the State Board of Education, after consideration by said commissioner of the opinions of appropriate specialists and of the normal range of ability and rate of progress of children in the Connecticut public schools.

(1967, P.A. 627, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 793, S. 1; P.A. 75-567, S. 60, 80; P.A. 77-587, S. 7, 9; 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 59–61; 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 79-35, S. 1; P.A. 80-136, S. 1, 2; 80-185, S. 1, 2; P.A. 85-613, S. 94, 154; P.A. 91-277, S. 1, 6; P.A. 92-262, S. 9, 42; P.A. 96-146, S. 1, 12; 96-161, S. 8, 13; P.A. 98-168, S. 1, 26; P.A. 00-48, S. 2, 12; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 2; P.A. 22-80, S. 31.)

History: 1969 act made technical changes to Subsec. (f); P.A. 75-567 substituted Sec. “10-76j” for “10-76g”, broadening applicability of definitions; P.A. 77-587 changed definitions in Subsec. (f), deleting exclusion of children who require custodial care, who do not have clean bodily habits, responsiveness to directions or means of intelligible communication from definition of “mentally retarded child”, redefining “trainable” mentally retarded child by replacing description of such child as one who can walk, has clean bodily habits and is responsive to simple direction with description of child as one who can be expected to function at a level greater than that of a four-year-old and added definition of “severely or profoundly” mentally retarded child; P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 made technical changes; P.A. 79-35 deleted definitions of “educable”, “trainable” and “severely or profoundly” mentally retarded child in Subsec. (f); P.A. 80-136 inserted a new Subsec. (j) defining child with “identifiable learning disability”, deleted “learning disabilities” from former Subsec. (j) and redesignated the subsection as Subsec. (k); P.A. 80-185 redefined “special education” to include related services, defined “related services” in new Subsec. (h) and relettered former Subsec. (h) and remaining subsections accordingly; P.A. 85-613 made technical changes, deleting reference to Sec. 10-94a; P.A. 91-277 redefined “children requiring special education” to include autistic and traumatically brain injured children; P.A. 92-262 redefined “special education”, added counseling services to the definition of “related services” and added definition of “transition services”; P.A. 96-146 changed the Subdiv. designations from letters to numbers, added a definition of “seriously emotionally disturbed”, deleted a definition of “socially and emotionally maladjusted”, amended Subdiv. (6) to define “child with mental retardation” based on the federal law and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-161 amended introductory language re applicability to omit reference to Sec. 10-76j, repealed by the same act, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 98-168 added Subdiv. (5)(C) re children age 3 to 5, inclusive, and new Subdiv. (6) defining “developmental delay”, renumbering the remaining Subdivs. and redefined “identifiable learning disability” to exclude certain learning problems, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 00-48 amended Subdiv. (9) to replace the existing definition of “related services” with the federal definition under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, effective July 1, 2000; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subdiv. (5) by redefining “children requiring special education” as “a child requiring special education”, making technical and conforming changes re federal Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, deleted Subdivs. (7) and (8) defining “child with mental retardation” and “child with a physical handicap”, renumbered Subdiv. (9) as Subdiv. (7), deleted Subdivs. (10) to (13), inclusive, defining “child with a neurological impairment”, “seriously emotionally disturbed”, “school age children” and “identifiable learning disability”, renumbered Subdiv. (14) as Subdiv. (8) and deleted Subdiv. (15) defining “transition services”, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 22-80 amended Subdiv. (2) by redefining “child” as any person under 22 years of age, effective July 1, 2022.

See Sec. 10-184a re exemption of local or regional boards of education or State Board of Education from providing special education for children being educated at home or in private school.

Cited. 172 C. 615; 179 C. 694; 228 C. 699; 229 C. 1.

Violates Art. I, Sec. 20 and Art. VIII, Sec. 1 of Connecticut Constitution. 31 CS 379. Cited. 34 CS 257; Id., 277; 35 CS 501; 44 CS 527; 45 CS 57.

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Sec. 10-76b. State supervision of special education programs and services. Regulations. Coordinating agency. (a) The State Board of Education shall provide for the development and supervision of the educational programs and services for children requiring special education and may regulate curriculum, conditions of instruction, including the use of physical restraint and seclusion pursuant to section 10-236b, physical facilities and equipment, class composition and size, admission of students, and the requirements respecting necessary special services and instruction to be provided by local and regional boards of education. The educational aspects of all programs and instructional facilities in any day or residential child-caring agency or school which provides training for children requiring special education and which receives funding from the state under the provisions of sections 10-76a to 10-76g, inclusive, shall be subject to the approval and supervision of the commissioner in accordance with regulations adopted by the State Board of Education concerning requirements for such programs and accommodations.

(b) The commissioner shall designate by regulation, subject to the approval of the State Board of Education, the procedures which shall be used to identify exceptional children.

(c) Said board shall be the agency for cooperation and consultation with federal agencies, other state agencies and private bodies on matters of public school education of children requiring special education, provided the full responsibilities for other aspects of the care of such children shall be reserved to such other agencies.

(d) The State Board of Education shall ensure that local and regional boards of education are providing the information described in subparagraph (D) of subdivision (10) of subsection (a) of section 10-76d to the parent or guardian of a child requiring special education or the surrogate parent appointed pursuant to section 10-94g and, in the case of a pupil who is an emancipated minor or eighteen years of age or older, the pupil.

(1967, P.A. 627, S. 2; 1971, P.A. 326; P.A. 73-319; P.A. 75-137; P.A. 76-408; 76-435, S. 78, 82; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 62, 63; P.A. 82-314, S. 48, 63; P.A. 85-377, S. 2, 13; P.A. 96-161, S. 2, 13; P.A. 07-147, S. 4; P.A. 15-141, S. 7; 15-209, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 53.)

History: 1971 act added Subsec. (d) re evaluation and review of programs; P.A. 73-319 amended Subsec. (d) to specify February first deadline for review; P.A. 75-137 amended Subsec. (a) to include power to adopt and enforce regulations concerning special education programs and accommodations for children in institutions; P.A. 76-408 clarified programs and facilities which are subject to state board's control in Subsec. (a); P.A. 76-435 substituted Secs. 10-76a to 10-76g for Sec. 10-76 in Subsec. (a) and included supervision of programs and facilities among state board's powers; P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” boards of education in Subsec. (a) and changed review deadline in Subsec. (d) from February first to the fifteenth; P.A. 82-314 changed official name of education committee; P.A. 85-377 amended Subsecs. (a) and (d) to transfer responsibility for approval, supervision and evaluation of special education programs and facilities from board of education to commissioner of education; P.A. 96-161 deleted Subsec. (d) concerning an evaluation and report to the General Assembly on special education programs, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 07-147 amended Subsec. (a) to specify State Board of Education may regulate conditions of instruction, “including the use of physical restraint and seclusion pursuant to chapter 814e” and to require board to adopt regulations concerning the use of physical restraint and seclusion; P.A. 15-141 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing reference to Ch. 814e with reference to Sec. 10-236b and deleting provision re State Board of Education adopting regulations, effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 15-209 added Subsec. (d) re State Board of Education to ensure local and regional boards of education are providing information, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 amended Subsec. (d) by replacing reference to Sec. 10-76d(a)(8)(D) with reference to Sec. 10-76d(a)(10)(D), effective October 31, 2017.

See Sec. 10-184a re exemption of local or regional boards of education or State Board of Education from providing special education for children being educated at home or in private school.

Cited. 172 C. 615; 179 C. 694; 198 C. 445; 228 C. 699; 229 C. 1; 238 C. 1.

Violates Art. I, Sec. 20 and Art. VIII, Sec. 1 of Connecticut Constitution. 31 CS 377. Cited. 34 CS 257; 35 CS 501; 39 CS 443; 44 CS 527.

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Sec. 10-76c. Receipt and use of money and personal property. The State Board of Education or any local or regional board of education may receive money, securities or other personal property by gift, devise or bequest to be used for the education of children requiring special education in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-76a to 10-76h, inclusive, and the wishes of the donor.

(1967, P.A. 627, S. 3; P.A. 78-218, S. 64; P.A. 85-613, S. 95, 154.)

History: P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “regional” boards of education; P.A. 85-613 made technical change, deleting reference to Sec. 10-94a.

See Sec. 10-184a re exemption of local or regional boards of education or State Board of Education from providing special education for children being educated at home or in private school.

Cited. 172 C. 615; 179 C. 694; 228 C. 699; 229 C. 1.

Violates Art. I, Sec. 20 and Art. VIII, Sec. 1 of Connecticut Constitution. 31 CS 379. Cited. 34 CS 257; 35 CS 501; 44 CS 527.

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Sec. 10-76d. Duties and powers of boards of education to provide special education programs and services. Medicaid enrollment, participation and billing requirements. Development of individualized education program. Planning and placement team meetings. Public agency placements; apportionment of costs. Relationship of insurance to special education costs. Prohibition on punishing members of planning and placement teams and birth-to-three service coordinators and qualified personnel for certain conduct. (a)(1) In accordance with the regulations and procedures established by the Commissioner of Education and approved by the State Board of Education, each local or regional board of education shall provide the professional services requisite to identification of children requiring special education, identify each such child within its jurisdiction, determine the eligibility of such children for special education pursuant to sections 10-76a to 10-76h, inclusive, prescribe appropriate educational programs for eligible children, maintain a record thereof and make such reports as the commissioner may require. No child may be required to obtain a prescription for a substance covered by the Controlled Substances Act, 21 USC 801 et seq., as amended from time to time, as a condition of attending school, receiving an evaluation under section 10-76ff or receiving services pursuant to sections 10-76a to 10-76h, inclusive, or the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 USC 1400 et seq., as amended from time to time.

(2) Not later than December 1, 2017, each local and regional board of education shall (A) enroll as a provider in the state medical assistance program, (B) participate in the Medicaid School Based Child Health Program administered by the Department of Social Services, and (C) submit billable service information electronically to the Department of Social Services, or its billing agent. For each local or regional board of education with a student population of less than one thousand students, a cost benefit analysis may be conducted by such local or regional board of education in a form prescribed by the Commissioner of Social Services to determine whether the cost to participate in the medical assistance program exceeds the revenue that would be generated for the local or regional board of education. A local or regional board of education exempted from the requirements of this subdivision after such cost benefit analysis shall complete and submit such analysis to the commissioner every three years in order to remain exempt. Not later than September 1, 2018, the Commissioner of Social Services shall develop a cost benefit analysis model and determine the feasibility of directly certifying students as eligible for Medicaid benefits on behalf of a local or regional board of education.

(3) Any local or regional board of education may enter into an agreement with a third-party vendor or another local or regional board of education to comply with the requirements of subdivision (2) of this subsection. Such agreement may provide that costs for services provided on behalf of a local or regional board of education shall be paid from the grant received pursuant to subdivision (5) of this subsection and shall be contingent on receipt of funds from such grant in an amount sufficient to cover the cost of providing such service. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 17b-99, the Commissioner of Social Services shall not assess or extrapolate any overpayments to any third-party provider that contracts with the local or regional board of education to provide Medicaid services, when the error is determined by the department to be caused by (A) a clerical error; (B) information provided by the local or regional board of education; or (C) another third-party vendor in the submission of billable service information.

(4) Each local or regional board of education, through the planning and placement team established in accordance with regulations adopted by the State Board of Education under this section, shall determine a child's Medicaid enrollment status. In determining Medicaid enrollment status, the planning and placement team shall: (A) Inquire of the parents or guardians of each such child whether the child is enrolled in or may be eligible for Medicaid; and (B) if the child may be eligible for Medicaid, (i) request that the parent or guardian of the child apply for Medicaid, and (ii) comply with the requirements under 34 CFR 300.154, as amended from time to time, prior to billing for services under the Medicaid School Based Child Health Program administered by the Department of Social Services. For the purpose of determining Medicaid rates for Medicaid eligible special education and related services based on a representative cost sampling method, the board of education shall make available documentation of the provision and costs of Medicaid eligible special education and related services for any students receiving such services, regardless of an individual student's Medicaid enrollment status, to the Commissioner of Social Services or to the commissioner's authorized agent at such time and in such manner as prescribed. For the purpose of determining Medicaid rates for Medicaid eligible special education and related services based on an actual cost method, the local or regional board of education shall submit documentation of the costs and utilization of Medicaid eligible special education and related services for all students receiving such services to the Commissioner of Social Services or to the commissioner's authorized agent at such time and in such manner as prescribed. The commissioner or such agent may use information received from local or regional boards of education for the purposes of (I) ascertaining students' Medicaid eligibility status, (II) submitting Medicaid claims, (III) complying with state and federal audit requirements, and (IV) determining Medicaid rates for Medicaid eligible special education and related services. No child shall be denied special education and related services in the event the parent or guardian refuses to apply for Medicaid.

(5) Beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 2004, the Commissioner of Social Services shall make grant payments to local or regional boards of education in amounts representing fifty per cent of the federal portion of Medicaid claims processed for Medicaid eligible special education and related services provided to Medicaid eligible students in the school district. Beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, the commissioner shall exclude any enhanced federal medical assistance percentages in calculating the federal portion of such Medicaid claims processed. Such grant payments shall be made on at least a quarterly basis and may represent estimates of amounts due to local or regional boards of education. Any grant payments made on an estimated basis, including payments made by the Department of Education for the fiscal years prior to the fiscal year ending June 30, 2000, shall be subsequently reconciled to grant amounts due based upon filed and accepted Medicaid claims and Medicaid rates. If, upon review, it is determined that a grant payment or portion of a grant payment was made for ineligible or disallowed Medicaid claims, the local or regional board of education shall reimburse the Department of Social Services for any grant payment amount received based upon ineligible or disallowed Medicaid claims.

(6) Pursuant to federal law, the Commissioner of Social Services, as the state's Medicaid agent, shall determine rates for Medicaid eligible special education and related services pursuant to subdivision (4) of this subsection. The Commissioner of Social Services may request and the Commissioner of Education and towns and regional school districts shall provide information as may be necessary to set such rates.

(7) Based on school district special education and related services expenditures, the state's Medicaid agent shall report and certify to the federal Medicaid authority the state match required by federal law to obtain Medicaid reimbursement of eligible special education and related services costs.

(8) Payments received pursuant to this section shall be paid to the local or regional board of education which has incurred such costs in addition to the funds appropriated by the town to such board for the current fiscal year.

(9) The planning and placement team shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, 20 USC 1400, et seq., as amended from time to time, develop and include a statement of transition service needs in the individualized education program for each child requiring special education, beginning not later than the first individualized education program to be in effect when such child becomes fourteen years of age, or younger if the planning and placement team determines it is appropriate. Such individualized education program shall include (A) appropriate measurable postsecondary goals based upon age-appropriate transition assessments related to training, education, employment and, where appropriate, independent living skills; and (B) the transition services, including courses of study, needed to assist such child in reaching those goals. Such individualized education program shall be updated annually thereafter in accordance with the provisions of this subdivision. Nothing in this subdivision shall be construed as requiring the Department of Aging and Disability Services to lower the age of transitional services for a child with disabilities from sixteen to fourteen years of age.

(10) (A) Each local and regional board of education responsible for providing special education and related services to a child or pupil shall notify the parent or guardian of a child who requires or who may require special education, a pupil if such pupil is an emancipated minor or eighteen years of age or older who requires or who may require special education or a surrogate parent appointed pursuant to section 10-94g, in writing, at least five school days before such board proposes to, or refuses to, initiate or change the child's or pupil's identification, evaluation or educational placement or the provision of a free appropriate public education to the child or pupil.

(B) Upon request by a parent, guardian, pupil or surrogate parent, the responsible local or regional board of education shall provide such parent, guardian, pupil or surrogate parent an opportunity to meet with a member of the planning and placement team designated by such board prior to the referral planning and placement team meeting at which the assessments and evaluations of the child or pupil who requires or may require special education is presented to such parent, guardian, pupil or surrogate parent for the first time. Such meeting shall be for the sole purpose of discussing the planning and placement team process and any concerns such parent, guardian, pupil or surrogate parent has regarding the child or pupil who requires or may require special education.

(C) Such parent, guardian, pupil or surrogate parent shall (i) be given at least five school days' prior notice of any planning and placement team meeting conducted for such child or pupil, (ii) have the right to be present at and participate in all portions of such meeting at which an educational program for such child or pupil is developed, reviewed or revised, (iii) have the right to have (I) advisors of such person's own choosing and at such person's own expense, (II) the school paraprofessional assigned to such child or pupil, if any, and (III) such child or pupil's birth-to-three service coordinator, if any, attend and participate in all portions of such meeting at which an educational program for such child or pupil is developed, reviewed or revised, and (iv) have the right to have each recommendation made in such child or pupil's birth-to-three individualized transition plan, as required by section 17a-248e, if any, addressed by the planning and placement team during such meeting at which an educational program for such child or pupil is developed.

(D) Immediately upon the formal identification of any child as a child requiring special education and at each planning and placement team meeting for such child, the responsible local or regional board of education shall inform the parent or guardian of such child or surrogate parent or, in the case of a pupil who is an emancipated minor or eighteen years of age or older, the pupil of (i) the laws relating to special education, (ii) the rights of such parent, guardian, surrogate parent or pupil under such laws and the regulations adopted by the State Board of Education relating to special education, including the right of a parent, guardian or surrogate parent to (I) withhold from enrolling such child in kindergarten, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-184, and (II) have advisors and the school paraprofessional assigned to such child or pupil attend and participate in all portions of such meeting at which an educational program for such child or pupil is developed, reviewed or revised, in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (C) of this subdivision, and (iii) any relevant information and resources relating to individualized education programs created by the Department of Education, including, but not limited to, information relating to transition resources and services for high school students. If such parent, guardian, surrogate parent or pupil does not attend a planning and placement team meeting, the responsible local or regional board of education shall mail such information to such person.

(E) Each local and regional board of education shall have in effect at the beginning of each school year an educational program for each child or pupil who has been identified as eligible for special education.

(F) At each initial planning and placement team meeting for a child or pupil, the responsible local or regional board of education shall inform the parent, guardian, surrogate parent or pupil of (i) the laws relating to physical restraint and seclusion pursuant to section 10-236b and the rights of such parent, guardian, surrogate parent or pupil under such laws and the regulations adopted by the State Board of Education relating to physical restraint and seclusion, and (ii) the right of such parent, guardian, surrogate parent or pupil, during such meeting at which an educational program for such child or pupil is developed, to have (I) such child or pupil's birth-to-three service coordinator attend and participate in all portions of such meeting, and (II) each recommendation made in the transition plan, as required by section 17a-248e, by such child or pupil's birth-to-three service coordinator addressed by the planning and placement team.

(G) Upon request by a parent, guardian, pupil or surrogate parent, the responsible local or regional board of education shall provide the results of the assessments and evaluations used in the determination of eligibility for special education for a child or pupil to such parent, guardian, surrogate parent or pupil at least three school days before the referral planning and placement team meeting at which such results of the assessments and evaluations will be discussed for the first time.

(H) Each local or regional board of education shall monitor the development of each child who, pursuant to subsection (a) of section 17a-248e, has been (i) referred for a registration on a mobile application designated by the Commissioner of Early Childhood, in partnership with such child's parent, guardian or surrogate parent, or (ii) provided a form for such child's parent, guardian or surrogate parent to complete and submit to such local or regional board of education that screens for developmental and social-emotional delays using a validated screening tool, such as the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Ages and Stages Social-Emotional Questionnaire, or its equivalent. If such monitoring results in suspecting a child of having a developmental delay, the board shall schedule a planning and placement team meeting with such child's parent, guardian or surrogate parent for the purposes of identifying services for which such child may be eligible, including, but not limited to, a preschool program under Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Act, 20 USC 1471 et seq. If a parent, guardian or surrogate parent of any child referred for a registration on the mobile application or provided a form to complete and submit, pursuant to subsection (a) of section 17a-248e, fails to complete such registration or complete and submit such form after a period of six months from the date of such referral or provision of such form, the board shall send a reminder, in the form and manner determined by the board, to such parent, guardian or surrogate parent to complete such registration or complete and submit such form. The board shall send another reminder after a period of one year from such referral or provision of such form if such registration remains incomplete or such form is not submitted.

(I) Prior to any planning and placement team meeting for a child or pupil in which an educational program for such child or pupil is developed, reviewed or revised, if the parent, guardian, pupil or surrogate parent has requested that the school pa

CHAPTER 164*

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

Table of Contents

Note: Readers should refer to the 2024 Supplement, revised to January 1, 2024, for updated versions of statutes amended, repealed or added during the 2023 legislative sessions.

PART I

GENERAL

PART II

HIGH SCHOOLS

PART IIa

POSTSECONDARY SCHOOLS

PART IIb

REGIONAL COMMUNITY COLLEGES

PART III*

REGIONAL SCHOOLS

PART IV

REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYEDUCATION CENTERS

PART IVa*

REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL SERVICE CENTERS

PART IVb*

CHARTER SCHOOLS

PART V

SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES

REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION CENTERS