Chapter 445 - Hazardous Waste

Sec. 22a-115. Definitions. As used in this chapter:

(1) “Hazardous waste” means any waste material which may pose a present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly disposed of, treated, stored, transported, or otherwise managed, including (A) hazardous waste identified in accordance with Section 3001 of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 USC 6901 et seq.), (B) hazardous waste identified by regulation by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, and (C) polychlorinated biphenyls in concentrations greater than fifty parts per million, but does not mean by-product material, source material or special nuclear material, as defined in section 22a-151, or scrap tires;

(2) “Hazardous waste facility” means land and appurtenances thereon or structures used for the disposal, treatment, storage or recovery of hazardous waste;

(3) “Disposal” means the incineration, long-term storage or treatment of hazardous waste, or the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping or placing of hazardous waste into or on land or water so that such hazardous waste or any hazardous constituent of such hazardous waste enters the environment, is emitted into the air, or is discharged into any waters, including groundwaters;

(4) “Treatment” means a method, technique or process, including neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical or biological character or composition of hazardous waste, in order to neutralize such waste or render such waste nonhazardous, safer for transport, amenable to recovery, amenable to storage or reduced in volume;

(5) “Short-term storage” means the holding of individual containers of hazardous waste in such a manner as not to constitute disposal of such hazardous waste;

(6) “Long-term storage” means the holding of more than fifty-five gallons or five hundred pounds, whichever amount is greater, of hazardous waste at one site for longer than one year;

(7) “Municipality” means a city, town or borough of the state;

(8) “Person” means any individual, corporation, nonstock corporation, limited liability company, joint venture, public benefit corporation, partnership, association, trust or estate, the state and its agencies and political subdivisions, the federal government and its agencies, and any other entity, public or private, however organized;

(9) “Modification” means (A) any change or alteration in the design, capacity, process or operation of an existing hazardous waste facility requiring a new permit from the commissioner pursuant to chapter 445, 446c, 446d or 446k, that the council deems significant or (B) any change or alteration in the approved design, capacity, process or operation of a hazardous waste facility constructed or operating pursuant to this chapter that the council deems significant. Such change or alteration may include but is not limited to a change or alteration in the volume or composition of hazardous waste disposed of at such facility. The routine maintenance, repair or replacement of the individual components at a hazardous waste facility that is necessary for normal operation or a change or alteration at a hazardous waste facility ordered by a state official in the exercise of his statutory authority shall not be deemed to be a modification;

(10) “Council” means the Connecticut Siting Council established under section 16-50j;

(11) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(12) “Closure period” means the first one hundred eighty days after the hazardous waste facility receives its final volume of hazardous waste or any other period fixed by the council according to this chapter and sections 16-50j and 16-50v;

(13) “Postclosure period” means the first thirty years after the date of completing closure or any other period fixed by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection according to this chapter and sections 16-50j and 16-50v;

(14) “Permanent council members” means the membership for proceedings under this chapter, consisting of the Commissioners of Public Health and Emergency Services and Public Protection or their designees, five members appointed by the Governor and one designee each of the speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate;

(15) “Development and management” means a plan required at the council's discretion, prepared by the applicant in conjunction with council staff, specifying how project construction will comply with siting orders issued by the council. It includes a statement of the management and administrative program for the operation of the proposed facility with the identity of the person to be responsible for operation, a resume of the person's qualifications and experience, and a statement of the number, duties, qualifications, and experience of all personnel to be involved in the processing, treatment, transfer, storage, recovery, or disposal of hazardous waste;

(16) “Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act” means the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 USC 6901 et seq.) and implementing regulations as amended from time to time;

(17) “Recovery” means a method, technique or process designed to produce materials or substances from hazardous waste for reuse, offering for sale, or sale;

(18) “Existing hazardous waste facility” means a hazardous waste facility in operation on or before June 1, 1983, or which had received all necessary state permits for hazardous waste disposal on or before July 1, 1981.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 1, 14; P.A. 81-369, S. 2, 20; P.A. 83-235, S. 1, 6; P.A. 84-546, S. 69, 173; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-79, S. 94, 189; 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; P.A. 99-225, S. 30, 33; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2, S. 110; P.A. 17-214, S. 16.)

History: P.A. 80-472 effective July 1, 1981, with respect to this section; P.A. 81-369 redefined “hazardous waste” to include waste identified by regulation by environmental protection department and polychlorinated biphenyls in certain concentrations, deleted spilling and leaking of waste in definition of “disposal”, deleted definition of “board” and defined “council”, “commissioner”, “closure period”, “postclosure period”, “permanent council members”, “development and management”, “Federal Resource Recovery and Conservation Act” and “recovery”; P.A. 83-235 repealed the definition of “storage” and replaced it with definitions for “long-term storage” and “short-term storage”, deleted municipalities from definition of “person”, revised the definition of “modification” and defined “existing hazardous waste facility”; P.A. 84-546 made technical changes in Subdiv. (8); P.A. 93-381 replaced commissioner of health services with commissioner of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-79 redefined “person” to include a limited liability company, effective May 31, 1995; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 99-225 amended Subdiv. (1) to specify that by-product, source or special nuclear materials and scrap tires are not within the definition of “hazardous waste”, effective June 29, 1999; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” and “Department of Environmental Protection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” and “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2 replaced reference to Commissioner of Public Safety with reference to Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection, effective June 15, 2012; P.A. 17-214 amended Subdiv. (8) to redefine “person” by adding “nonstock corporation,”, effective July 1, 2017.

Cited. 207 C. 706; 215 C. 292; 239 C. 284.

Sec. 22a-116. Regulations. (a) Except as specified in this chapter the regulations and procedures of the Connecticut Siting Council shall be the same as those for proceedings under sections 16-50g to 16-50z, inclusive, and in the rules of practice adopted under such sections.

(b) The commissioner shall adopt, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, regulations for licenses, permits and approvals within his jurisdiction which must be applied for to comply with subsection (c) of section 22a-118.

(c) The permanent members of the council shall adopt, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, regulations for the siting of and the development and management of hazardous waste facilities. Such regulations shall establish reasonable application fees to meet administrative costs. The permanent members of the council shall also by regulation establish procedures for an assessment to finance any additional anticipated expenses of reviewing, hearing, and issuing a decision on an application for a hazardous waste facility, including expenses for staff, consultants and studies which such council deems necessary provided that no study shall duplicate a previous study required of the applicant.

(d) The commissioner shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 for the construction, operation, closure and postclosure of hazardous waste facilities.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 2, 3, 14; P.A. 81-369, S. 4, 20; P.A. 83-107; P.A. 85-392, S. 2, 5.)

History: P.A. 81-369 replaced previous provisions which had authorized a study committee to “consider and evaluate alternatives for the composition of a board to carry out the provisions of this chapter” and had empowered environmental protection commissioner to make necessary regulations; P.A. 83-107 added Subsec. (e) requiring that regulations reflect the degree of risk to human health or the environment from hazardous waste; P.A. 85-392 deleted Subsec. (e) which had required that regulations reflect degree of risk.

See Sec. 22a-6z re regulations implementing Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-117. Construction or modification of hazardous waste facility. When certificate required. Transfer of certificate. Polychlorinated biphenyls. (a) No person shall commence construction or modification of a hazardous waste facility unless such person has been issued a certificate of public safety and necessity by the council, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. The permanent members of the council shall determine if any change in the approved design, capacity, process or operation of a hazardous waste facility is a modification as defined by section 22a-115. Any facility for which such a certificate is required shall thereafter be built, maintained and operated in conformity with such certificate, including all terms, limitations or conditions contained therein.

(b) Sections 22a-114 to 22a-130, inclusive, shall apply to the construction of any hazardous waste facility except existing facilities and to the construction or modification of any hazardous waste facility except: (1) Any facility whose primary business is not disposal, treatment or recovery of hazardous waste but which treats or recovers hazardous waste on site as an integral part of an industrial process as determined by the commissioner; (2) any facility approved by the commissioner designed and operated by or for municipalities pursuant to their obligations under section 22a-220 to provide for solid waste disposal; (3) any facility used only for the short-term storage of hazardous waste; and (4) any facility requiring a permit pursuant to section 22a-454 which the council determines, after consultation with the commissioner, does not pose a significant threat to public safety, human health or the environment.

(c) No certificate may be transferred without the approval of the permanent members of the council. Any transferee shall comply with the terms, limitations and conditions contained in the certificate. The permanent members of the Siting Council shall not approve any such transfer if they find that such transfer was contemplated at or prior to the time the certificate was issued and such fact was not adequately disclosed during the certification proceeding, or if they find that the transferee lacks the financial, technical or management capabilities to comply fully with the terms, limitations or conditions of the certificate.

(d) A certificate may be amended as provided in this chapter.

(e) Any application for a permit to store or dispose of polychlorinated biphenyls, for a fee or other consideration, pursuant to sections 22a-454 and 22a-467, pending as of May 28, 1981, or filed prior to July 1, 1981, shall not be acted on by the commissioner but shall be transferred on July 1, 1981, to the council.

(f) The storage or disposal for a fee or other consideration, in excess of the amount stored or disposed of in the normal operation of any facility as of May 28, 1981, is prohibited until regulations concerning the storage or disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls are adopted by the commissioner and such regulations are exempted from preemption by the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to the federal Toxic Substance Control Act of 1976, (15 USC 2601 et seq.). This subsection prohibits and otherwise regulates the manner and method of disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls within the meaning of said federal act. Upon adoption of such regulations and exemption from preemption by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the storage or disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls for a fee or other consideration shall not be allowed except in accordance with a certificate of public safety and necessity issued under the provisions of this chapter.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 4, 14; P.A. 81-221, S. 1, 2; 81-369, S. 5, 20; 81-472, S. 137, 159; P.A. 83-235, S. 2, 3, 6; P.A. 94-89, S. 6.)

History: P.A. 80-472 effective July 1, 1981, with respect to this section; P.A. 81-221 added Subsecs. (e) and (f) which prohibit the storage and disposal of PCBs until the commissioner adopts regulations on such storage and disposal; P.A. 81-369 amended Subsec. (a) to authorize the permanent council to determine if a facility has been modified, amended Subsec. (b) to clarify facilities to which chapter applies and amended Subsec. (c) to make permanent council members, rather than the predecessor board, responsible for approval of transfers; P.A. 81-472 made technical changes; P.A. 83-235 replaced previously existing Subsec. (b) re applicable types of hazardous waste facilities with new provisions and amended Subsec. (e) by changing the word “board” to “council” to conform to previous statutory changes; P.A. 94-89 added exemption for certain facilities requiring permit under Sec. 22-454.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-118. Application for certificate. Information required. Amendment or transfer of certificate. Issuance of other permits by Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. Notice of application. (a) An application for a certificate shall be filed with the council, accompanied by a fee established by regulation adopted by the permanent members of the council, as provided in section 22a-116, containing such information as the council may deem relevant, including but not limited to the following: (1) A description, including estimated cost, of the proposed facility; and a description of the types of wastes to be handled and disposal technology to be used and, if a land disposal is proposed, an explanation of why no other disposal method is reasonably available; (2) reasons for choosing the site and the proposed type of hazardous waste facility selected and a comparison of alternative sites and technologies; (3) a schedule of dates setting forth the proposed program of acquisition, construction, completion and operation; (4) environmental site information obtained from the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection review required by subsection (c) of this section including (A) maps with narrative description of air quality and movement, ground and surface water conditions, levels, movement and fluctuations, vegetation and wildlife populations and habitat, seismic characteristics and hydrogeologic evaluation of the site, setting forth data and analysis as the council shall require, including but not limited to, a map showing the proximity of the proposed site to facilities or properties owned or operated by a water company as defined in section 25-32a, a map showing the land classification of the proposed site under the classification established by section 25-37c, and a report of the impact of the proposed facility on present and future public water supplies and private wells, and (B) design, capacity, operation and management information including facility efficiencies of tanks and any other containers; surface impoundments, waste piles, land treatment facilities, land fills, incinerators, thermal, physical, chemical, and biological treatment units, and injection wells; (5) human population density information for the area of the proposed facility; (6) traffic information including road and transportation access data and maps; (7) information on present and future development of the town where the facility is proposed to be located and for the surrounding towns; (8) a detailed description of provisions, including equipment and operation, for planning for prevention of hazards, monitoring of ground water quality, mitigation of the effect of the operation of the facility on public safety and the environment, and contingency plans and emergency procedures for dealing with facility malfunctions; (9) a listing of federal, state, regional and municipal agencies from which approvals have been received and the planned schedule of obtaining those approvals not yet received; (10) incentives offered and benefits accruing to the municipality in which the proposed facility is to be located; (11) an assessment of the need for the facility and the amount and types of the state's annual hazardous waste generation which the applicant proposes to dispose of, treat, transfer, store or recover at the facility; (12) the energy and resource recovery benefits, if any, which will be derived from the facility; (13) the plan for facility closure and postclosure care and liability; (14) a detailed statement of the applicant's financial capabilities as well as a statement of the applicant's qualifications and previous experience with hazardous waste disposal, including a listing of all hazardous waste disposal projects or methods with which the applicant has had any connection or affiliation, either as owner, contractor, supplier, or consultant; and (15) a list of all criminal and civil charges and enforcement actions, or other proceedings related to hazardous or solid waste or disposal of such waste in which the applicant or any corporate parent, subsidiary or affiliate has been involved.

(b) An application for the amendment or transfer of a certificate shall be in such form and contain such information as the permanent members of the council shall require.

(c) The council shall not accept any application for a certificate for a hazardous waste facility until the applicant has applied to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection for all licenses, permits or approvals which are within his jurisdiction and the commissioner has closed the public hearing on the application for such licenses, permits, or approvals. The commissioner shall make available to the council the record of proceedings on the application for environmental licenses, permits or approvals. The commissioner shall immediately notify the chief elected official of the town where the facility is proposed to be located of receipt of an application for such licenses, permits or approvals.

(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4-180, the commissioner shall not render a final decision approving any environmental licenses, permits or approvals necessary for a hazardous waste facility until the council issues a certificate of public safety and necessity unless such decision is required by federal law. The commissioner shall publish in the Connecticut Law Journal a notice of his intent to issue such licenses, permits or approvals.

(e) Each application to the council shall be accompanied by proof of service of a copy of such application on the chief elected official and the director of health of each municipality in which the proposed facility is to be located, the fire marshal, the chairpersons of the conservation commission, inland wetlands agency, planning commission, police commission and zoning commission of each municipality in which the proposed facility is to be located, the chairperson of the regional council of governments for the region in which the proposed facility is to be located, each water company, as defined in section 25-32a, which owns or operates land or facilities located in, or serves any customer who resides in, the municipality in which the site is located or an area within a five mile radius of the boundaries of the proposed site, each member of the legislature in whose district the proposed facility is to be located, each owner of land adjacent to the proposed facility and each state department, council and commission named in subsection (e) of section 22a-119. Notice of the application shall be given to the general public by publication, in ten-point boldface type, of a summary of such application and the date on which it will be filed in a newspaper of general circulation in each municipality in which the proposed facility is to be located.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 5, 14; P.A. 81-369, S. 6, 20; P.A. 83-235, S. 4, 6; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 13-247, S. 312.)

History: P.A. 80-472 effective July 1, 1981, with respect to this section; P.A. 81-369 amended Subsec. (a) by revising the type of information required on an application to include additional environmental site information and information on population, transportation, applicant qualification and experience, closure and postclosure plans, and a list of criminal and civil charges and enforcement actions relating to hazardous waste disposal, amended Subsec. (c) to require the commissioner to make available to the council the record of proceedings for an application for environmental licenses, permits and approvals for hazardous waste disposal and amended Subsec. (e) to require the applicant provide notice of application to the fire marshal, water company for municipality where the proposed facility is to be located, agencies listed in Sec. 22a-117, and further required notice to the general public in ten-point boldface type; P.A. 83-235 amended Subsec. (c) to authorize the council to accept an application for a hazardous waste facility after the commissioner of environmental protection has closed the hearing on environmental permits for the facility, rather than after publication of intent to issue approvals and amended Subsec. (d) to require the commissioner to publish a notice of intent to issue permits; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” and “Department of Environmental Protection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” and “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011; pursuant to P.A. 13-247, “regional planning agency” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “regional council of governments” in Subsec. (e), effective January 1, 2015.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-119. Hearing on application. Appointment of ad hoc members. Notice. Comments by state agencies. (a) Upon receipt by the council of an application for a certificate, or an application for the amendment or transfer of a certificate, which meets the requirements of section 22a-118, the council shall immediately notify the Governor and the chief elected official of the municipality or municipalities in which the proposed facility is to be located. The ad hoc members of the council shall be appointed within thirty days after the filing of the application. If the chief elected official does not appoint the members within thirty days, the council shall appoint them within ten days thereafter. Within sixty days after receipt of the application, the council shall hold a meeting at which a date and location for the commencement of a public hearing on the application shall be established, which public hearing shall begin not more than one hundred eighty days after receipt of such application. At least one session of such hearing shall be held after six-thirty p.m. for the convenience of the general public. Such hearing shall be held at a location selected by the council, in the municipality in which the proposed facility is to be located. If the proposed facility is to be located in more than one municipality, the council shall fix the location for a public hearing in whichever municipality it determines is most appropriate, provided the council may hold hearings in more than one municipality.

(b) The council shall give not less than thirty days notice of the commencement of the hearing by mailing a notice of the date, time and location of the commencement of the hearing to the applicant and each person entitled under subsection (e) of section 22a-118 to receive a copy of the application. The council shall also cause a notice of the date and location of the commencement of the hearing to be published, in ten-point boldface type, in a newspaper of general circulation in each municipality in which the proposed facility is to be located at least twenty days prior to the commencement of the hearing.

(d) During any hearing held pursuant to this section, the council shall take notice of facts in a manner provided by section 4-178.

(e) Prior to commencing any hearing pursuant to this section the council shall consult with and solicit written comments from the Departments of Energy and Environmental Protection, Public Health, Economic and Community Development, Emergency Services and Public Protection and Transportation, the Office of Policy and Management and the Council on Environmental Quality. Copies of comments submitted by such agencies shall be available to all parties prior to commencement of the public hearing. Agencies consulted may file additional comments within thirty days of the conclusion of the hearing and such additional comments shall be a part of the record.

(f) The council shall render its decision within twelve months of receipt of the application except that such time limit may be extended one hundred eighty days by agreement of the council and applicant. If the council fails to render a decision within such period, the applicant may apply to the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford for an order requiring the council to render a decision immediately. The provisions of this subsection shall apply to an application filed before, on or after April 18, 1988.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 6, 14; P.A. 81-369, S. 7, 20; P.A. 84-307, S. 1, 3; P.A. 88-121, S. 2, 3; 88-230, S. 1, 12; 88-364, S. 37, 82, 123; P.A. 90-98, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-142, S. 4, 7, 8; 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-220, S. 4–6; 95-250, S. 1; 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; P.A. 96-211, S. 1, 5, 6; P.A. 11-80, S. 1, 59; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2, S. 111.)

History: P.A. 80-472 effective July 1, 1981, with respect to this section; P.A. 81-369 replaced board and environmental protection commissioner with council, amended Subsec. (a) to establish time limits for procedures for the appointment of ad hoc members including a time period within which members must be appointed and increased time limit for hearing from 120 to 180 days after application, added Subsec. (e) requiring the council consult with and solicit written comments from state agencies on the application and added Subsec. (f) requiring the council to render its decision within one year of application, except upon mutual agreement of the council and applicant; P.A. 84-307 amended Subsec. (f) by decreasing the time allowed for the council's decision from one year to ten months; P.A. 88-121 amended Subsec. (f) increasing the council's time to render decisions on applications and specifying retroactive applicability; P.A. 88-230 replaced “judicial district of Hartford-New Britain” with “judicial district of Hartford”, effective September 1, 1991; P.A. 88-364 made technical changes in Subsec. (f); P.A. 90-98 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1991, to September 1, 1993; P.A. 93-142 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1993, to September 1, 1996, effective June 14, 1993; P.A. 93-381 replaced department of health services with department of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-220 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1996, to September 1, 1998, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-250 and P.A. 96-211 replaced Commissioner and Department of Economic Development with Commissioner and Department of Economic and Community Development; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 11-80 amended Subsec. (e) by changing “Department of Environmental Protection” to “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection” and deleting reference to Department of Public Utility Control, effective July 1, 2011; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2 replaced reference to Department of Public Safety with reference to Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection in Subsec. (e), effective June 15, 2012.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-120. Parties to certification proceedings. Limited appearances. Grouping of parties. Supervision of legal matters for council. (a) The parties to the certification proceedings shall include: (1) The applicant; (2) each person entitled to receive a copy of the application under subsection (e) of section 22a-118; and (3) such other persons as the council may at any time deem appropriate.

(b) Any person may make a limited appearance at a hearing held pursuant to section 22a-119 prior thereto or within thirty days thereafter, entitling such person to file a statement in writing or to make a brief oral statement at a hearing. All papers and matters filed and statements made by a person making a limited appearance shall become part of the record. No person making a limited appearance, and not otherwise entitled to be a party, shall be a party or shall have the right to cross-examine witnesses or parties or be subject to cross-examination.

(c) The council in its discretion may provide for the grouping of parties with the same interests. If such a group does not designate an agent for the service of notice and documents, then the council shall designate such an agent. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, any party who has been included in a group may, at any time by oral or written notice to the council, elect not to be a member of the group to the extent specified in such notice.

(d) The assistant attorney general or the special assistant attorney general appointed pursuant to subsection (d) of section 16-50n shall have supervision of legal matters concerning the council.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 7, 14; P.A. 81-369, S. 8, 20; P.A. 03-19, S. 57.)

History: P.A. 80-472 effective July 1, 1981, with respect to this section; P.A. 81-369 added Subsec. (c) authorizing grouping of parties and added Subsec. (d) naming the assistant attorney general appointed pursuant to Sec. 16-50n to supervise legal matters for the council; P.A. 03-19 made a technical change in Subsec. (d), effective May 12, 2003.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-121. Record of hearing. Rights of parties. (a) A record shall be made of the hearing and of all testimony taken and the cross-examination thereon. Every party or group of parties shall have the right to present such oral or documentary evidence and to conduct such cross-examination as may be required for a full and true disclosure of the facts.

(b) A copy of the record shall be available at all reasonable times for examination by the public without cost at the principal office of the council. A copy of the transcript shall be filed in the office of the town clerk in each municipality in which the proposed facility is to be located. A copy of the record may be obtained by any person upon payment of a fee determined by the permanent members of the council.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 8, 14; P.A. 81-369, S. 9, 20.)

History: P.A. 80-472 effective July 1, 1981, with respect to this section; P.A. 81-369 amended Subsec. (b) to replace “board” with “council”, to require that the council file a copy of the transcript rather than a copy of the record and to authorize the council to set a fee for a copy of the record.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-122. Decision and opinion. Criteria for decision. Findings and determination. Financial responsibility. Service and publication. Appeal. (a) The council shall, within the time specified in subsection (f) of section 22a-119, render a decision upon the record by an affirmative vote of not less than seven council members either granting or denying the application as filed, or granting it upon such terms, limitations or conditions as the council may deem appropriate. The council shall file, with its decision, an opinion stating in full the reasons for its decision.

(b) In making its decision, the council shall consider: (1) The impact of the proposed facility on the municipality and affected geographic area in which it is to be located in terms of public health, safety and welfare including but not limited to (A) the risk and impact of accident during transportation of hazardous waste, (B) the risk and impact of fires or explosions from improper storage or disposal methods, (C) consistency of the proposed facility with local and regional land use plans and regulations and the state conservation and development plan in effect at the time the applicant applies to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection for the environmental licenses, permits, or approvals necessary to construct and operate the facility, and with existing and proposed development in the area, (D) the protection of the public from adverse impacts including but not limited to adverse economic impacts of the facility during its construction and operation and after its operation life, (E) the risk and impact on public and private drinking water supplies; (2) the population density in the area of the proposed facility and its proximity to residential areas; (3) data available under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 concerning permitted and illegal discharges in the geographical area affected by the proposed facility; (4) the proximity of the proposed facility to schools; (5) the availability of other sites; and (6) other criteria consistent with the goal of insuring the maximum safety of the public from potential dangers associated with the siting and the development and management of construction of hazardous waste facilities which may be established by regulation adopted by the permanent members of the council in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of section 22a-116. The permanent members of the council shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of said chapter establishing minimum distances between the active parts of the facility and other land uses.

(c) The council shall not grant a certificate unless it finds and determines: (1) A public need and the basis of such need for the facility; (2) the nature of the probable health and environmental impact of the facility including but not limited to those listed in subsection (b) of this section and consideration of the number of persons affected; (3) in the case of a proposed land disposal facility, an explanation of why no other disposal method is more appropriate; (4) every significant single and cumulative adverse effect on and conflict with state policies on (A) the natural environment, (B) the ecological balance, (C) the public health and safety, (D) scenic, historic and recreational values, (E) forests and parks, (F) air and water purity, including impact on present and future sources of water supply; and (5) why such adverse effects or conflicts set forth in subdivision (4) of this subsection are not sufficient for denial of the certificate. Any applicant who withdraws an application submitted under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, this chapter or the regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (c) of section 22a-449 may not reapply for a certificate for two years from the date of such withdrawal or denial.

(d) The council shall not grant a certificate unless the following financial responsibility requirements are met: (1) For the period of facility operation, the applicant shall maintain third party liability insurance for sudden and nonsudden occurrences in an amount fixed by the council in accordance with the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, except that the council may require such insurance in an amount more than that required by said act. Insurance shall be provided by a carrier licensed by the Insurance Commissioner and who evidences at all times the financial resources necessary for licensure. The council may accept other forms of security allowed by the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act which the council deems equivalent to third party insurance if such insurance is not reasonably available. Certification of insurance is to be filed annually by the applicant with the council; (2) for the period of closure, the applicant shall provide, prior to operation, a surety bond or other security acceptable to the council in an amount fixed by the council sufficient to pay for the costs of closure. The amount and form of security shall be fixed by the council in accordance with the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. A trust fund shall be established, in accordance with said act, to be financed by yearly payments by the hazardous waste facility operator. The amount paid into the fund shall be fixed by the council so that at the time of closure the fund shall be sufficient to pay the costs of closure. The surety bond or other security may be reduced each year by the amount paid into the trust fund. Deposits into the trust fund shall be made to the State Treasurer and disbursements from the fund shall be made upon authorization of the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection; (3) for the period of postclosure, a trust fund shall be established in accordance with the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act to pay the costs of monitoring and maintenance during the postclosure period. The trust fund is to be financed by yearly payments by the hazardous waste facility operator. The amount paid into the fund yearly shall be fixed by the council so that at the start of the postclosure period the fund shall be sufficient to pay the costs of monitoring and maintenance of the facility during the postclosure period. Deposits into the fund shall be made to the State Treasurer and disbursements from the fund shall be made upon authorization of the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. In the case of a proposed land disposal facility, the applicant shall further provide for a fund or other security for liability for damage during the postclosure period. Deposits into such fund shall be made to the State Treasurer and disbursements from the fund shall be made upon authorization of the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. The amount of the fund or other security and the manner of financing such fund shall be determined by the council based on the type of facility, the location of the facility and the kind of waste processed by such facility so that at the beginning of the postclosure period the fund or security shall be sufficient to cover the anticipated liability for damages. In the case of a proposed nonland disposal facility, the council may require a trust fund or other security for postclosure liability for damages. In determining the amount to be paid into such fund, the council shall consider the provisions of the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-510). To the extent that liability incurred during the postclosure period is to be paid from funds established in accordance with said act, the applicant shall not be required to maintain such fund or other security; (4) the applicant pays the costs, if any, incurred by the state for preparation of an off-site emergency plan for a worst case accident.

(e) A copy of the opinion, decision and order shall be served upon each party and a notice of the issuance of the opinion and order shall be published in such newspapers as will serve substantially to inform the public of the issuance of such. The name and address of each party shall be set forth in the decision.

(f) In making its decision as to whether or not to issue a certificate, the council shall in no way be limited by the fact that the applicant may already have acquired land or an interest therein or any necessary permits, certificates or orders for the purpose of constructing the facility which is the subject of its application.

(g) Any person aggrieved by a decision of the council or any party may appeal therefrom in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 9, 14; P.A. 81-369, S. 10, 20; P.A. 82-472, S. 155, 183; P.A. 90-77; P.A. 91-313, S. 3, 5; P.A. 94-205, S. 6; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 86, 130; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 80-472 effective July 1, 1981, with respect to this section; P.A. 81-369 amended Subsec. (b) by adding to criteria for decisions consistent with the state conservation and development plan, impact of the facility on the economy and drinking water supplies, population density considerations and by requiring the council adopt regulations establishing the minimum distance between the facility and other land uses and inserted new Subsecs. (c) and (d) requiring the council to make findings and determinations requiring the applicant to comply with financial responsibility requirements by providing third party liability insurance, a trust fund to pay closure costs, a trust fund for facility monitoring and maintenance during postclosure, and paying for an emergency plan, relettering remaining Subsecs. accordingly; P.A. 82-472 amended Subsec. (b) to provide that the regulations shall be adopted by the council in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 22a-116(c), rather than Ch. 54 of the general statutes; P.A. 90-77 amended Subsec. (b) by adding to criteria for decisions data available under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, the proximity to schools and the availability of other sites and amended Subsec. (c) requiring a finding and determination regarding health impact and consideration of the number of persons impacted; P.A. 91-313 amended Subsec. (c) to add an additional requirement that the council find that the applicant has not been subject to a fine or civil penalty during the pendency of the application and to provide that any applicant who withdraws an application may not reapply for two years; P.A. 94-205 amended Subsec. (c) to delete provisions re review of permit applicant's compliance history; May 25 Sp. Sess. 94-1 made a technical change in Subsec. (c) for accuracy, effective July 1, 1994; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” and “Department of Environmental Protection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” and “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011.

See Sec. 22a-6m re review of permit applicant's compliance history.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-123. Enforcement of certificate requirements and other standards. Penalties. The commissioner shall insure that each facility for which a certificate has been issued is constructed, maintained and operated in compliance with such certificate, and any other standards established pursuant to this chapter, except siting and development and management regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-116. The facility operator shall pay yearly to the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection a reasonable sum, determined by the commissioner, to ensure proper oversight and monitoring. Whenever the commissioner deems it necessary to provide further oversight and monitoring, the person to whom such certificate has been issued shall be charged with and pay such further expense. The commissioner shall have authority to issue cease and desist orders according to section 22a-7 and to suspend or revoke any permit issued by him upon a showing of cause and after a hearing. The council shall have the authority to issue cease and desist orders and to suspend or revoke any permit issued by it upon a showing of cause and after a hearing. The courts may grant such restraining orders and such temporary and permanent injunctive relief as may be necessary to secure compliance with this chapter and with a certificate issued pursuant to this chapter. The courts may assess civil penalties in an amount not less than one thousand dollars or more than ten thousand dollars per day for each day of construction or operation in material violation of this chapter or of a certificate issued pursuant to this chapter. Civil proceedings to enforce this chapter may be brought by the Attorney General in the superior court for any judicial district affected by the violation. Any person who knowingly or wilfully violates any provision of this chapter or any provision of a certificate issued pursuant to this chapter shall be fined not more than twenty-five thousand dollars per day for each day of such violation or imprisoned for not more than one year or both. The remedies and penalties in this section shall be cumulative and shall be in addition to any other penalties and remedies available at law, or in equity, to any person.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 10, 14; P.A. 81-369, S. 12, 20; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 80-472 effective July 1, 1981, with respect to this section; P.A. 81-369 amended section to require the facility operator to pay a reasonable sum for facility oversight and monitoring and further authorized the issuance of cease and desist orders and permit revocation as a means of enforcement of permits; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Department of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-124. Exclusive jurisdiction of council. Municipal regulation of proposed location. Appeal of zoning decision. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of the general statutes, the council shall have exclusive jurisdiction over the siting of facilities subject to the provisions of this chapter. In ruling on applications for certificates for facilities, the council shall give such consideration to other state laws and municipal ordinances and regulations as it shall deem appropriate. Whenever the council issues a certificate of public safety and necessity pursuant to this chapter, such certificate shall satisfy and be in lieu of all other certificates, licenses, permits or approvals, or other requirements of state or municipal agencies in regard to any question of public safety and necessity.

(b) A proposed hazardous waste facility may be regulated and restricted by any town, city or borough pursuant to chapters 124 and 126 and by any municipality pursuant to sections 22a-42 and 22a-42a. The applicant shall apply for any permits required by such agencies at the same time as the filing of the application with the council. Such local bodies may make all decisions necessary to the exercise of such power to regulate and restrict, which decisions shall be made within one hundred thirty days of any application notwithstanding any other statute to the contrary and shall be in writing and recorded in the records of their respective communities, and written notice of any decision shall be given to each party affected thereby. Each such decision shall be subject to the right of appeal within thirty days after the giving of such notice by any party aggrieved to the council, which shall have exclusive jurisdiction, in the course of any proceeding on an application for a certificate or otherwise, to affirm, modify or revoke such order to make any decision in substitution thereof by a vote of eight of the members of the council. Appeal of a local zoning decision to the council shall be in lieu of any other appeal authorized by the general statutes.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 11, 14; P.A. 81-369, S. 13, 20.)

History: P.A. 80-472 effective July 1, 1981, with respect to this section; P.A. 81-369 amended section to require an applicant to apply for approval by local agencies concurrently with application to the council and to require that local decisions be made within 130 days, rather than 30 days, of the date of application, made changes reflecting transfer of board's powers and duties to council and specified that appeals to council are in lieu of all other appeals.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-125. Payments to municipalities to be made by operators of hazardous waste disposal facilities. Section 22a-125 is repealed.

(P.A. 80-472, S. 12, 14; P.A. 81-369, S. 19, 20.)

Sec. 22a-126. Use of facility after postclosure period. Disposal Facility Trust Fund. (a) After the period of postclosure, the commissioner shall determine by a procedure established under the provisions of regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of section 22a-116, if the hazardous waste facility has a reasonable alternative use. If the commissioner determines that the hazardous waste facility has a reasonable alternative use, he shall so certify. If the commissioner determines that the hazardous waste facility has no reasonable alternative use, the owner may transfer ownership of such facility to the state without compensation. After transfer the hazardous waste facility shall be under the jurisdiction of the commissioner who shall provide for its monitoring, maintenance and care. All claims for injuries incurred after transfer of ownership shall be against the state. The state shall not be liable for injuries incurred prior to the transfer of ownership.

(b) A Disposal Facility Trust Fund shall be established and financed by annual assessments levied on the owners or operators of all hazardous waste land disposal facilities and by the owners or operators of hazardous waste nonland disposal facilities in amounts to be determined by the commissioner. Each owner or operator of an assessed facility shall pay an amount fixed by the commissioner based on the volume, type, or weight of hazardous waste processed at such facility. The aggregate paid yearly by all those assessed shall not be more than one million dollars. The assessment imposed on any owner or operator of a hazardous waste facility shall be limited to one per cent of the gross revenues of each facility owned or operated. The method and amount of payment shall be fixed by the commissioner under the provisions of regulations adopted in accordance with chapter 54. When the fund balance exceeds ten million dollars, upon determination by the commissioner, no further assessments shall be made. When the balance of the fund is less than ten million dollars, the commissioner may reinstitute imposition and collection of the assessment. The fund shall be used for costs incurred by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection for monitoring and maintenance of any hazardous waste facility and for any liability of the state pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. The fund shall also be used to cover any liability incurred during the hazardous waste facility operation, closure and postclosure period not covered by the operator's financial responsibility requirements under subsection (d) of section 22a-122. The fund shall be used only if costs are not paid from funds established in accordance with the provisions of the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-510). In determining assessments for the Disposal Facility Trust Fund, the commissioner shall consider assessments levied pursuant to said act and assessments levied pursuant to this section shall be limited to an amount required to meet costs not paid from funds established pursuant to said act. Payments from the fund shall be made by the Treasurer upon authorization of the commissioner.

(P.A. 81-369, S. 11, 20; P.A. 82-472, S. 156, 183; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 82-472 provided in Subsec. (a) that the regulations be adopted in accordance with Sec. 22a-116(d), rather than Ch. 54 of the general statutes; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Department of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 2011.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-127. Local project review committee. Technical assistance for review of application. (a) In each municipality where a hazardous waste facility is proposed to be located, there may be established a local project review committee consisting of not less than four and not more than nine members, all but one of whom shall be electors from the municipality where the facility is proposed to be located. The remaining member shall be an elector from the municipality likely to be most affected by the proposed facility which municipality shall be named by the council after the receipt of an application for a certificate. The commissioner shall notify the council and the chief elected official of the municipality where the facility is proposed to be located upon receipt of an application for licenses, permits or approvals necessary to establish a hazardous waste facility. The council shall send to the chief elected official a copy of the provisions of the general statutes for the establishment of a local project review committee along with a copy of the notification sent by the commissioner. After notification, the chief elected official may appoint members to such committee. All members shall be appointed by the chief elected official of the municipality that they represent.

(b) Upon filing of an application with the council, the applicant shall deposit with the council a sum determined by the council but not exceeding fifty thousand dollars to be disbursed by the council to the local project review committee for the sole use of obtaining technical and professional assistance for such committee's review of the proposed hazardous waste facility. Such assistance may include environmental, scientific, economic, financial and legal assistance.

(P.A. 81-369, S. 15, 20; P.A. 89-146, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 89-146 amended Subsec. (a) to require the commissioner of environmental protection to notify the siting council of receipt of hazardous waste facility application and to require the siting council to send the chief executive officer of the municipality in which such facility is proposed a copy of provisions of general statutes re local project review committees and a copy of notice sent by commissioner and amended Subsec. (b) to authorize use of funds for environmental, scientific, economic, financial and legal assistance and to increase amount of maximum deposit from $30,000 to 50,000.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-128. Payments of assessments or negotiated incentives to municipalities by operators of hazardous waste disposal facilities. Reports of negotiations to council. (a) The owner or operator of a hazardous waste facility or an owner or operator who modifies an existing hazardous waste facility constructed and operated pursuant to this chapter shall pay an assessment pursuant to subsection (b) of this section or shall pay the costs of the incentives negotiated pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, provided the total amount paid shall not be more than the amount established in subsection (b) of this section. The legislative body of the municipality shall elect between payment of the assessment or the negotiated incentives prior to the commencement of negotiations. Any costs or assessments for a modification to a hazardous waste facility shall be based on the volume of waste or the gross receipts that the council determines are attributable to such modification.

(b) If the legislative body of the municipality chooses to have payments made to the municipality in accordance with this subsection, within thirty days following the end of each calendar quarter, the owner or operator of a hazardous waste disposal facility shall report to the chief elected official of the municipality in which such facility is located and to the commissioner on a form furnished by said commissioner, the number of gallons or cubic yards of hazardous waste received by such facility in such calendar quarter, and the gross receipts of such facility in such calendar quarter. The owner or operator shall remit to the municipality, with such form (1) payment in an amount equal to five cents per gallon or three dollars and fifty cents per cubic yard for each gallon or cubic yard of hazardous waste received in such quarter or (2) payment in an amount determined in accordance with the following table at the percentage applicable to each level of quarterly gross receipts, whichever is greater:

Quarterly Gross Receipts		Payment as Per Cent Of Gross Receipts
Over	Not Exceeding
$ 0	$1,250,000	10%
1,250,000	2,500,000	5%
2,500,000		2 1/2%

If a hazardous waste disposal facility is located in more than one municipality, such owner or operator shall report to each such municipality and such payment shall be made pro rata, based on the number of gallons or cubic yards of hazardous waste disposed of in each such municipality.

(c) The local project review committee is authorized to negotiate directly with the applicant concerning incentives for development including but not limited to: (1) Payment to abutting landowners for diminution of property values; (2) purchase of a greenbelt buffer around the proposed facility for safety and aesthetics; (3) development of open space and recreational facilities for the town; (4) payment for fire equipment which may be required because of the proposed facility; (5) payment of road repair costs resulting from increased use of local roads caused by the proposed facility; (6) access routes to the hazardous waste facility; or (7) direct financial payment. Any agreement reached through such negotiation shall be consistent with the interests and purposes of this chapter. Negotiations shall not begin until decisions are rendered by local bodies pursuant to subsection (b) of section 22a-124 and negotiations shall be completed within sixty days.

(d) The applicant and the committee shall each file a report with the council before the conclusion of the council's public hearing stating the items of negotiation and points of agreement and disagreement. After the filing of such reports, the council may meet with the applicant and the committee to discuss the negotiations and reports. The council shall be the sole arbitrator of disputes arising from the negotiations. The council shall consider the negotiations and reports as part of the application. The council's decision shall state the negotiated items it has accepted and incorporated into any approval and those negotiated items it has rejected and the reasons therefor.

(P.A. 81-369, S. 16, 20; P.A. 85-131, S. 1; P.A. 05-288, S. 99.)

History: P.A. 85-131 amended Subsec. (a) by specifying that costs and assessments of a modified facility are limited to the volume of waste or gross receipts attributable to the modification; P.A. 05-288 made technical changes in Subsec. (a), effective July 13, 2005.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-129. Chief elected official's right of access to facility for inspection of premises and review of records. Time allowed for response to complaints. The chief elected official of the municipality where the facility is proposed to be located or his designee shall have full access to such facility for inspection of premises and for review of facility records. If, after any inspection, a written complaint is made to the commissioner, he shall respond within fourteen days. Where the complaint involves an immediate threat to the public health and safety the commissioner shall respond within twenty-four hours.

(P.A. 81-369, S. 17, 20; P.A. 87-489, S. 9, 14.)

History: P.A. 87-489 substituted “written” complaint for “formal” complaint.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-130. Regulations. All regulations required by this chapter and sections 16-50j and 16-50v shall be adopted by January 1, 1982. All applications for a permit for a hazardous waste facility pending before any federal, state or local agency as of July 1, 1981, shall be deemed applications for a certificate of public safety and necessity and subject to the provisions of this chapter and sections 16-50j and 16-50v. No application shall be accepted by the council until all regulations required by this chapter and said sections are adopted.

(P.A. 81-369, S. 18, 20.)

See Sec. 22a-6z re regulations implementing Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-130a. Regulations re the facilitation of flexibility and increased compliance by hazardous waste generators with certain regulatory requirements. (a) Not later than July 1, 2018, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall, in accordance with chapter 54, issue a notice of intent to adopt regulations consistent with the Hazardous Waste Generator Improvements Rule, as published in the Federal Register of November 28, 2016, except for any proposed modifications deemed necessary by the commissioner, in accordance with subsection (h) of section 22a-6.

(b) If the commissioner is unable to fully comply with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section before July 1, 2018, the commissioner shall submit a report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a, to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to commerce not later than August 1, 2018. Such report shall include an updated timeframe for the adoption of such regulations and a summary of any public comment received by the commissioner during the process to issue the notice of intent described in subsection (a) of this section.

(P.A. 17-242, S. 1.)

Sec. 22a-131. Civil penalty for violation of hazardous waste program. Any person who violates any provision of the state's hazardous waste program shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than twenty-five thousand dollars for each day such violation continues. The Attorney General, upon complaint of the commissioner, shall institute a civil action to recover such penalty. Any amount recovered shall be deposited in the General Fund.

(P.A. 81-443, S. 2, 7; P.A. 84-535, S. 3; P.A. 85-390, S. 1; P.A. 87-475, S. 5, 7; P.A. 95-208, S. 6, 13.)

History: P.A. 84-535 added provision requiring amounts recovered to be credited to the emergency spill response fund; P.A. 85-390 substituted references to assessment of civil penalty for references to imposition of fine; P.A. 87-475 deleted reference to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 USC 6901 et seq.); P.A. 95-208 amended section to require that any amount recovered be deposited in General Fund, rather than deposited in General Fund and credited to Emergency Spill Response Fund, effective July 1, 1995.

Sec. 22a-131a. Penalties. Terms defined. (a) Any person who (1) wilfully fails to prepare a manifest required in accordance with the provisions of the State Hazardous Waste Program promulgated under subsection (c) of section 22a-449 or any regulation adopted pursuant to said subsection, (2) knowingly makes any false material statement or representation on any application, label, manifest, record, report, permit or other document required in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of section 22a-449 or said regulations, including any such statement or representation for used oil that is regulated under said subsection, or (3) wilfully fails to maintain or knowingly destroys, alters or conceals any record required to be maintained in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of section 22a-449 or said regulations, including any record for used oil that is regulated under said subsection, shall be fined not more than fifty thousand dollars for each day of such violation or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. A subsequent conviction for any such violation shall be a class D felony, except that such conviction shall carry a fine of not more than fifty thousand dollars per day.

(b) Any person who knowingly transports or causes to be transported any hazardous waste to a facility which does not have a permit required under subsection (c) of section 22a-449 or any regulation adopted pursuant to said subsection, or who knowingly treats, stores or disposes of any hazardous wastes without a permit required under said subsection or said regulations, or who knowingly violates any material condition or requirement of such permit or an order issued by the commissioner regarding treatment, storage or disposal of hazardous waste, shall be guilty of a class D felony, except that such person shall be fined not more than fifty thousand dollars for each day of violation. A subsequent conviction for any such violation shall be a class C felony, except that such conviction shall carry a fine of not more than one hundred thousand dollars per day.

(c) Any person who knowingly stores, treats, disposes, recycles, transports or causes to be transported or otherwise handles any used oil that is regulated under subsection (c) of section 22a-449 but not identified or listed as hazardous waste in violation of any condition or requirement of a permit under said subsection or under any regulation adopted pursuant to said subsection shall be fined not more than fifty thousand dollars for each day of violation or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. A subsequent conviction for any such violation shall be a class D felony, except that such conviction shall carry a fine of not more than one hundred thousand dollars per day.

(d) Any person, who in the commission of a violation for which a penalty would be imposed under subsection (a), (b) or (c) of this section, who knowingly places another person, by commission of such violation, in imminent danger of death or serious bodily injury, shall be fined not more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both, and when the violator is an organization, the fine shall be not more than one million dollars. This subsection shall not be construed as a limitation on the amount of fines that may be imposed in accordance with subsection (a), (b) or (c) of this section. As used in this section, “organization” means any legal entity, other than the state or any of its political subdivisions, established for any purpose, and includes a corporation, company, association, firm, partnership, joint stock company, foundation, institution, trust, society, union or any other association of persons.

(e) Any fine imposed pursuant to this section shall be deposited in the General Fund.

(f) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 22a-115, for the purposes of this section, the terms “treatment”, “storage”, “disposal”, “facility”, “hazardous waste” and “used oil” have the same meaning as provided in the State Hazardous Waste Program promulgated under subsection (c) of section 22a-449 and the regulations adopted pursuant to said subsection.

(P.A. 81-443, S. 3, 7; P.A. 84-535, S. 4; P.A. 85-590, S. 1; P.A. 95-208, S. 7, 13; P.A. 00-19, S. 1; P.A. 08-186, S. 3; P.A. 13-258, S. 89.)

History: P.A. 84-535 added Subsec. (d) requiring that the fines imposed be credited to the emergency spill response fund; P.A. 85-590 amended Subsec. (a) to make wilful failure to prepare manifest and wilful failure to maintain records subject to penalties provided; P.A. 95-208 amended Subsec. (d) to require that any fine imposed pursuant to section be deposited in General Fund, rather than deposited in General Fund and credited to Emergency Spill Response Fund, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 00-19 changed references from federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 to Sec. 22a-449(c) in Subsecs. (a) and (b), added provisions in Subsec. (a) re used oil, added provision in Subsec. (b) re order issued by the commissioner, increased criminal penalties in Subsecs. (a), (b) and (d), adding new penalty for subsequent convictions in Subsec. (b), inserted new Subsec. (c) re violations involving regulated used oil, redesignated former Subsecs. (c) and (d) as Subsecs. (d) and (e), and amended Subsec. (d) by deleting provisions re violation indicating extreme indifference to human life and adding references to Subsec. (c); P.A. 08-186 added Subsec. (f) defining “treatment”, “storage”, “disposal”, “facility”, “hazardous waste” and “used oil”; P.A. 13-258 amended Subsecs. (a), (b) and (c) to substitute provisions re class D felony for provisions re imprisonment of not more than 5 years, amended Subsec. (b) to substitute provision re class C felony for provision re imprisonment of not more than 10 years, and made technical changes.

Cited. 207 C. 706.

Sec. 22a-132. Hazardous waste assessment. (a) There shall be paid to the Commissioner of Revenue Services by (1) a generator of hazardous waste required to file a manifest pursuant to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 USC 6901 et seq.), as from time to time amended, and regulations adopted by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, (2) a treatment facility required to file a manifest for hazardous wastes resulting from their treatment process, and (3) a generator of hazardous waste shipping hazardous waste to treatment or disposal facilities located in the state, an assessment of (A) five cents per gallon of metal hydroxide sludge from wastewater treatment of electroplating or metal finishing operations and six cents per gallon of any other hazardous waste entered on a manifest in gallons, (B) one-half of one cent per pound of metal hydroxide sludge from wastewater treatment of electroplating or metal finishing operations and three-quarters of one cent per pound of any other hazardous waste entered on a manifest in pounds, or (C) ten dollars per cubic yard of metal hydroxide sludge from wastewater treatment of electroplating or metal finishing operations and twelve dollars for any other hazardous waste entered on a manifest in cubic yards. The following shall not be subject to assessment: (i) Any hazardous waste that is recycled, (ii) any residue resulting from the processing or treatment of a hazardous waste at a facility approved in accordance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 USC 6901 et seq.), as from time to time amended, provided such residue is derived from hazardous waste received at the facility under a manifest, (iii) any hazardous waste for which an assessment was paid during the course of handling, and (iv) any hazardous waste removed or relocated as a result of a project to remediate contaminated real property. All assessments shall be due and payable to the Commissioner of Revenue Services quarterly on or before the last day of the month immediately following the end of each calendar quarter. If the total assessment payable by any such generator or treatment facility for any calendar quarter is less than five dollars, such generator or treatment facility shall not be required to pay an assessment for such quarter. The generator or treatment facility shall note reshipment on a manifest in such manner as the commissioner deems necessary. For the purposes of this section, “recycled” means waste that is processed to recover a usable product or is regenerated or reused. Burning for heat value shall not be considered recycling.

(b) Each generator or treatment facility of hazardous waste subject to the assessment as provided by this section shall submit a return to the Commissioner of Revenue Services, on a form prescribed by said commissioner, (1) quarterly, on or before the last day of the month immediately following the quarter ending on the last day of December, March, June and September or (2) as may be established by the Commissioner of Revenue Services in regulations adopted by said commissioner in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54. The regulations may authorize returns to be submitted less frequently than quarterly if the commissioner determines that the enforcement of this section would not be adversely affected by less frequent filings. Payment of the assessment determined and payable in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall accompany the return.

(c) Whenever such assessment is not paid when due, a penalty of ten per cent of the amount due or fifty dollars, whichever is greater, shall be imposed, and such assessment shall bear interest at the rate of one per cent per month or fraction thereof until the same is paid. The Commissioner of Revenue Services shall cause copies of a form prescribed for submitting returns as required under this section to be distributed throughout the state. Failure to receive such form shall not be construed to relieve anyone subject to assessment under this section from the obligations of submitting a return, together with payment of such assessment within the time required.

(d) The revenue collected in accordance with this section shall be deposited in the General Fund. The assessment imposed by this section shall not apply to any Connecticut state agency or any Connecticut political subdivision or agency thereof.

(e) The imposition and collection of the assessment shall terminate on June 30, 2000.

(f) The provisions of sections 12-548 to 12-554, inclusive, and section 12-555a shall apply to the provisions of this section in the same manner and with the same force and effect as if the language of said sections had been incorporated in full into this section and had expressly referred to the assessment under this section, except to the extent that any provision is inconsistent with a provision in this section and except that the term “tax” shall be read as “hazardous waste assessment”.

(P.A. 82-320, S. 1, 4; P.A. 83-430, S. 1, 2; 83-432, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-348; 84-546, S. 70, 173; P.A. 85-131, S. 2; 85-610, S. 1; P.A. 89-365, S. 4, 9; P.A. 90-165, S. 1, 2; P.A. 91-236, S. 19, 25; 91-372, S. 1, 4; P.A. 92-217, S. 3, 5; P.A. 93-74, S. 45, 67; 93-324, S. 1, 4; P.A. 94-41, S. 1, 2; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-4, S. 28, 85; P.A. 95-26, S. 45, 52; 95-92, S. 1, 2; 95-160, S. 64, 69; 95-208, S. 8, 13; P.A. 96-92; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6, S. 69, 85; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 83-430 amended Subsec. (a) to require generators shipping waste to Connecticut for treatment or disposal to pay the assessment, established an assessment amount for hazardous waste measured in pounds and cubic yards and exempted from payment of the assessment generators reshipping hazardous waste without treatment in the same container; P.A. 83-432 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provisions concerning the due date for quarterly assessments and replacing provision exempting generators who would owe $25 or less from payment with exemption for those who would owe $5 or less, amended Subsec. (b) by adding language re the day on which quarterly returns are due and amended Subsec. (d) by inserting reference to fiscal year as period to which the expenditure limitation is applicable; P.A. 84-348 amended Subsec. (a) by establishing separate assessment categories for metal hydroxide sludge and other hazardous wastes and increasing the assessments and subjected treatment facilities required to file a manifest to the assessment; P.A. 84-546 made technical change in Subsec. (a); P.A. 85-131 exempted residue derived from hazardous waste received at the facility under a manifest from imposition of the assessment; P.A. 85-610 amended Subsec. (d) by authorizing expenditures from the revenue collected for recording hazardous waste manifest data and amended Subsec. (e) by extending the assessment from December 31, 1985, to June 30, 1990; P.A. 89-365 amended Subsec. (a) to exempt hazardous waste that is recycled or for which an assessment was paid during the course of handling from composition of the tax and to add definition of recycling; P.A. 90-165 amended Subsec. (e) by extending the assessment from June 30, 1990, to June 30, 1992; P.A. 91-236 added Subsec. (f) to include administrative, penalty, hearing and appeal provisions, effective July 1, 1991, and applicable to taxes due on or after that date; P.A. 91-372 amended Subsec. (d) to change the amount of the authorized expenditures which the commissioner may make in the collection of assessments under this section from 5% of amount collected to the lesser of 10% or $300,000; P.A. 92-217 amended Subsec. (e) to extend the imposition and collection of the assessment on generators to June 30, 1994; P.A. 93-74 amended Subsec. (a)(3) by increasing the assessment on generators of hazardous waste under Subpara. (A) from $0.05 to $0.075 per gallon on metal hydroxide sludge and from $0.06 to $0.09 per gallon on all other hazardous waste, under Subpara. (B) to three-quarters of $0.01 per pound of metal hydroxide sludge and from three-quarters of $0.01 to $0.0125 per pound of all other hazardous waste and under Subpara. (C) from $10 to $15 per cubic yard of metal hydroxide sludge and from $12 to $24 for all other hazardous waste, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 93-324 amended Subsec. (a) to repeal increases in assessment enacted in Sec. 45 of P.A. 93-74, leaving minor technical changes in effect, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 94-41 amended Subsec. (b) to revise provisions re quarterly returns and to add provisions re less frequent filing of assessment returns in accordance with regulations, effective May 19, 1994; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-4 in Subsec. (e) extended termination date for assessment from June 30, 1994, to June 30, 1995, effective June 9, 1994; P.A. 95-26 amended Subsec. (c) to lower interest rate from 1.5% to 1% and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1995, and applicable to taxes due and owing on or after July 1, 1995, whether or not those taxes first became due before said date; P.A. 95-92 amended Subsec. (e) to extend the assessment until June 30, 2001, effective June 5, 1995, but failed to take effect, P.A. 95-208 having taken precedence; P.A. 95-160 changed effective date of May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-4 but without affecting this section; P.A. 95-208 amended Subsec. (d) to require that revenue collected in accordance with section be deposited in General Fund, rather than Emergency Spill Response Fund and deleted provision authorizing commissioner to expend up to 10% of such revenue or $300,000, whichever is less, for expenses related to collection of assessment, and amended Subsec. (e) to extend termination date for imposition and collection of assessment from June 30, 1995, to June 30, 2000, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-92 amended Subsec. (a) to exempt hazardous waste removed from property remediation projects from the assessment; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6 amended Subsec. (d) to specify that the assessment shall not apply to Connecticut state agencies or Connecticut political subdivisions, effective July 1, 2001; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Department of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2011.

See Sec. 22a-449 re adoption of regulations to carry out the intent of Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.

Cited. 211 C. 655; 215 C. 292.

Sec. 22a-132a. Administration expenses. Fees. Staff. Consultants. (a) All expenses of administering this chapter incurred by the Connecticut Siting Council and its staff and such studies as the council deems necessary to carry out its duties under this chapter, exclusive of expenses covered by fees established pursuant to section 22a-116, shall be financed as provided in this section.

(b) Before December thirty-first of each year, the council shall review the anticipated amount of such expenses for the next fiscal year, excluding expenses under subsection (c) of this section, at a public meeting at which interested persons shall be heard. After an opportunity for public comment at such public meeting, the council shall determine the anticipated amount of such expenses and submit its determination to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of appropriations and the budgets of state agencies for its review. The amount of such expenses shall not exceed sixty thousand dollars. The council shall apportion and assess the anticipated amount of expenses among generators of hazardous waste in such manner as the council shall deem appropriate. The council shall deposit all payments received under this subsection with the State Treasurer who shall credit such payments to the Siting Council Fund established under section 16-50v. Such payments shall be accounted for as expenses recovered from generators of hazardous waste.

(c) The fee for each application for a certificate issued under this chapter shall be used for the administrative expenses of the council and its staff incurred in processing such application. If a hearing is held for any such application, the council shall assess the applicant during the proceeding and thereafter for all expenses of the council in excess of the fee, including the expenses of any consultant employed by the council pursuant to the procedures established under provisions of section 22a-116. Expenses incurred in reviewing the development and management plan of a hazardous waste facility shall be billed quarterly to the applicant.

(d) The council shall obtain such full-time and part-time staff and consultants as may be appropriate to carry out its duties under the provisions of this chapter.

(P.A. 85-466, S. 1, 3; P.A. 89-146, S. 2, 3; P.A. 92-232, S. 1, 3; P.A. 96-50; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6, S. 38, 85.)

History: P.A. 89-146 amended Subsec. (b) to require an opportunity for public comment at the meeting conducted on expenses of the siting council and to eliminate the assessment on hazardous waste facilities; P.A. 92-232 amended Subsec. (b) re schedule for paying assessments by generators of hazardous waste and re deposit in public utility control fund; P.A. 96-50 replaced reference to “the Consumer Counsel and Public Utility Control Fund established under section 16-48a” with “the Siting Council Fund established under section 16-50v” in Subsec. (b); June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6 amended Subsec. (b) to transfer responsibility from the Commissioner of Revenue Services to the siting council for assessing hazardous waste generators for expenses of the council, effective July 1, 2001.

Sec. 22a-133. Payments prohibited if federal funds available. Payments shall not be made from the fund established by section 22a-451 for costs incurred by the state pursuant to subdivision (1) of subsection (d) of said section if federal funds are available for payment of such costs pursuant to the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (42 USC 9601 et seq.), as amended.

(P.A. 82-320, S. 3, 4.)

Sec. 22a-133a. Definitions: Discovery and cleanup of hazardous waste disposal sites. As used in this section, sections 22a-133b to 22a-133k, inclusive, section 22a-448 and subsection (c) of section 22a-449:

(1) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(2) “Remedial action” means the discovery and evaluation of hazardous waste disposal sites, the containment or removal of hazardous waste from and mitigation of the effects of hazardous waste on such sites to the satisfaction of the commissioner, including studies and reports of such sites and financial requirements for postclosure, operations, maintenance and monitoring;

(3) “CERCLA” means the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (42 USC 9601 et seq.), as amended; and

(4) “Final remedial action” means action constituting a permanent remedy at a hazardous waste disposal site consistent with standards adopted by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection pursuant to section 22a-133k, provided to the extent permanent remedies are not available in a timely manner, temporary remedies taken to achieve such standards shall be deemed to be final remedial action until permanent remedies are developed and implemented.

(P.A. 87-561, S. 1, 13; P.A. 89-365, S. 8, 9; P.A. 94-198, S. 2, 13; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 89-365 added Subdiv. (4) defining “final remedial action”; P.A. 94-198 added a reference to Sec. 22a-133k, effective June 7, 1994; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Sec. 22a-133b. Discovery and evaluation of hazardous waste disposal sites deemed to pose threat to the environment or public health. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall establish a program for the discovery and evaluation of hazardous waste disposal sites which he determines pose a threat to the environment or public health. Such program shall include provisions for the containment and removal of hazardous wastes and the mitigation of the effects of hazardous wastes on such sites.

(P.A. 87-561, S. 2, 13; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

Sec. 22a-133c. Hazardous waste disposal site inventory. The commissioner shall maintain a hazardous waste disposal site inventory and provide for a method of recording the status of sites therein. The inventory shall include all sites listed on the report entitled “An Inventory of Hazardous Waste Sites in Connecticut and recommendations for Continuing Action”, prepared pursuant to section 22a-8a, and any other site said commissioner determines to be a threat to the environment or public health, including (1) sites discovered pursuant to sections 22a-134a to 22a-134d, inclusive, and subsection (d) of section 22a-449, or any other regulatory program administered by the commissioner, and (2) sites reported to said commissioner pursuant to Subtitle C of The Resource, Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 USC 6901 et seq.), as amended, and CERCLA or by any state, local or federal authority or any other source.

(P.A. 87-561, S. 3, 13.)

Sec. 22a-133d. Site assessments. (a) Any site listed in the report prepared pursuant to section 22a-8a where remedial action has not been initiated shall be assessed on or before June 30, 1991. Any other hazardous waste disposal site determined by the commissioner to pose a threat to the environment or public health shall be assessed within forty-eight months of such determination.

(b) The commissioner shall establish the priority for assessment of sites on the inventory developed pursuant to section 22a-133c where remedial action has not been initiated. In establishing such priority, the commissioner shall consider the quantity and characteristics of the hazardous waste on the site, the potential threat from the hazardous waste to the environment or public health and any other factor he deems appropriate.

(c) A site assessment shall include, but not be limited to, the following: (1) Testing or engineering reports required by the commissioner; (2) determination of ownership of and the persons or municipality responsible for the disposal site; (3) a score developed by using the uncontrolled hazardous waste site ranking system found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Section 300, Appendix A, as amended; and (4) a recommended time schedule for remedial action.

(P.A. 87-561, S. 4, 13.)

Sec. 22a-133e. Remedial action. (a) Remedial action for sites on the inventory that is proceeding in accordance with the provisions of state or federal programs shall continue in accordance with such programs.

(b) The commissioner shall provide for remedial action for all assessed sites by (1) referring the site to the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to the provisions of CERCLA; (2) issuing administrative orders to responsible parties pursuant to section 22a-6, 22a-428, 22a-432, 22a-433 or 22a-449, or (3) any action deemed necessary by said commissioner.

(c) If the commissioner determines that (1) the remedial action schedule for a site proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to CERCLA is not consistent with the schedule developed in the assessment for such site list, or (2) the site, based on the site assessment score, is ineligible for CERCLA funding, he may pursue remedial action for the site from any account established for such purpose and seek reimbursement for such remedial action.

(P.A. 87-561, S. 5, 13.)

Sec. 22a-133f. Costs of remedial action. Regulations. (a) The costs of remedial action pursued in accordance with the provisions of section 22a-133e may be paid from (1) available appropriations, or (2) any account authorized under subsection (a) of section 29 of special act 87-77 or subdivision (5) of subsection (e) of section 2 of special act 86-54. The costs may be paid from such funds and accounts provided the commissioner determines that the threat to the environment and public health from the site is unacceptable and (A) the commissioner is unable to determine the responsible party for the disposal or cleanup of the hazardous waste, (B) the responsible party is not in timely compliance with orders issued by the commissioner to provide remedial action, or (C) the commissioner has not issued a final decision on an order to a responsible party to provide remedial action because of (i) a request for a hearing made pursuant to section 22a-436 or sections 4-177 to 4-182, inclusive, or (ii) an order issued pursuant to said section 22a-436 is subject to an appeal pending before the Superior Court pursuant to section 22a-437 or sections 4-183 and 4-184.

(b) The commissioner shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54, setting forth priorities for the use of such funds and accounts. In setting such priorities the commissioner shall consider any factor he deems appropriate, including the score developed pursuant to section 22a-133d.

(P.A. 87-561, S. 6, 13; P.A. 95-208, S. 9, 13; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 403.)

History: P.A. 95-208 amended Subsec. (a) to replace reference to Emergency Spill Response Fund with reference to emergency spill response account, effective July 1, 1995; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 amended Subsec. (a) to replace provision re payment of costs from emergency spill response account with provision re payment of costs from available appropriations in Subdiv. (1) and to make a technical change.

Sec. 22a-133g. Reimbursement for costs and expenses of remedial action. Whenever the commissioner pursues remedial action pursuant to section 22a-133e, he shall seek reimbursement of the costs and expenses incurred by requesting the Attorney General to bring a civil action to recover such costs and expenses from the responsible party. The costs and expenses recovered may include but shall not be limited to (1) the actual cost of the remedial action; (2) any administrative costs not exceeding ten per cent of the actual costs; (3) the costs of recovering the reimbursement, and (4) interest on the actual costs at a rate of ten per cent a year from the date such expenses were paid. If a hazardous waste disposal site was negligently caused, the responsible party may, at the discretion of the court, be liable for damages equal to one and one-half times the costs and expenses incurred.

(P.A. 87-561, S. 7, 13.)

Sec. 22a-133h. Telephone line for hazardous waste disposal site information. The commissioner shall establish a toll-free telephone line to receive anonymous information from the public leading to the discovery of hazardous waste disposal sites. Any site identified from such information as a hazardous disposal site which poses a threat to the environment or public health shall be listed in the inventory prepared pursuant to section 22a-133c.

(P.A. 87-561, S. 8, 13.)

Sec. 22a-133i. Bonds. The commissioner may provide the state share of payments of the costs of remedial action pursuant to CERCLA from funds authorized pursuant to subsection (a) of section 29 of special act 87-77 and subdivision (5) of subsection (e) of section 2 of special act 86-54.

(P.A. 87-561, S. 9, 13; P.A. 97-124, S. 9, 16.)

History: P.A. 97-124 deleted a $5,000,000 cap on the amount to be paid from certain bond funds for the state share of payments for costs of remedial action under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, effective June 6, 1997.

Sec. 22a-133j. Annual report. On or before October 1, 1987, and annually thereafter, the commissioner shall submit a report to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the environment on the activities of the program authorized pursuant to sections 22a-133a to 22a-133i, inclusive. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the following: (1) An accounting of funds expended and remaining in the accounts established for the purpose of said sections; (2) the number of sites identified as hazardous waste disposal sites which pose a threat to the environment or public health, the number of site assessments made during the previous twelve-month period; (3) the number of sites where remedial action has been initiated; (4) the number of sites where remedial action has been completed; (5) the anticipated needs for funding and staff; and (6) any noncompliance with time periods for site assessments required by subsection (b) of section 22a-133d and the reasons therefor.

(P.A. 87-561, S. 10, 13.)

Sec. 22a-133k. Regulations establishing standards for the remediation of hazardous waste sites and for review and approval of final remedial action reports. (a) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, setting forth standards for the remediation of environmental pollution at hazardous waste disposal sites and other properties which have been subject to a spill, as defined in section 22a-452c, which regulations shall fully protect health, public welfare and the environment. In establishing such standards the commissioner shall (1) give preference to clean-up methods that are permanent, if feasible, (2) consider any factor he deems appropriate, including, but not limited to, groundwater classification of the site, and (3) provide for standards of remediation less stringent than those required for residential land use for polluted properties which (A) are located in areas classified as GB or GC under the standards adopted by the commissioner for classification of groundwater contamination, (B) were historically industrial or commercial property, and (C) are not subject to an order issued by the commissioner regarding such spill, consent order or stipulated judgment regarding such spill, provided an environmental use restriction is executed for any such property subsequent to the remedial action in accordance with the provisions of section 22a-133aa and further provided such regulations specify the types of industrial or commercial land uses to which any such property may be put subsequent to such remedial action. Such regulations shall cite appropriate guidance documents which may be used by a licensed environmental professional in a voluntary site remediation under section 22a-133y.

(b) The commissioner may establish, by regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, a program for expediting the review and approval of reports on final remedial actions concerning sites subject to section 22a-134 or sites which, as of July 3, 1989, were on the inventory of hazardous waste disposal sites maintained pursuant to section 22a-133c provided such reports are not submitted pursuant to an order, consent order or stipulated judgment. The commissioner may retain consultants as necessary to accomplish such expedited review and may require the payment of a fee, as provided for in said regulations to cover the reasonable cost of performing the expedited review and approval of final remediation reports pursuant to this subsection, including the cost of any consultant retained by the commissioner to perform such work.

(P.A. 89-365, S. 7, 9; P.A. 94-198, S. 3, 13; P.A. 95-190, S. 10, 17; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 50, 121; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 94-198 amended Subsec. (a) to provide for differential remediation standards based on future land use and added new Subsec. (b) re reports on final remedial actions, effective June 7, 1994; P.A. 95-190 amended Subsec. (a) to specify that remediation standards adopted under this section shall be less stringent for certain commercial and industrial properties than for residential properties and that the standards shall provide appropriate guidance to licensed environmental professionals in voluntary site remediations, effective June 29, 1995; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 made a technical change in Subsec. (b), effective June 24, 1998; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2011.

Sec. 22a-133l. Grants to clean up landfills where hazardous waste was disposed of. (a) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may establish, within available appropriations, a program of grants to municipalities and regional refuse disposal districts for the clean up of landfills where wastes were disposed of and later determined to be hazardous waste, as defined in section 22a-115. Any grant made under this section may be used for costs incurred in the following: (1) Investigation and monitoring of soils and groundwater at or near such landfills, (2) removal of hazardous waste for disposal at another location, (3) closure of the landfill, and (4) compliance with state or federal hazardous waste regulations.

(b) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the purposes of this section.

(P.A. 89-365, S. 3, 9; P.A. 92-162, S. 4, 25; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 92-162 amended Subsec. (b) to make regulations under this section discretionary rather than mandatory; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Sec. 22a-133m. Urban sites remedial action program. Acquisition of sites. Remediation fund. Urban community sites. (a) An urban sites remedial action program is established to identify, evaluate, plan for and undertake the remediation of polluted real property.

(b) The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development, in consultation with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, shall establish the priority of sites for evaluation and remediation based upon the following factors: (1) The estimated cost of evaluating and remediating the site, if known; (2) the anticipated complexity of an evaluation of the site; (3) the estimated schedule for completing an evaluation; (4) the potential economic development benefits of the site to the state of Connecticut; (5) whether the site would not otherwise be remediated without the assistance of this program; and (6) any other factors which the commissioners deem relevant. No real property shall be eligible for evaluation or remediation under this section unless the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development finds that the state owns the site or otherwise has or obtains the power to approve the type of development which first occurs on the site after remediation. Except for any site proposed for acquisition under subsection (e) of this section, no real property shall be eligible for evaluation or remediation under this section unless the site is located in a distressed municipality, as defined in section 32-9p, or a targeted investment community, as defined in section 32-222. For purposes of this section, “responsible party” means any person, as defined in section 22a-2, who created a source of pollution on the site or an owner of the site during the investigation or remediation funded pursuant to this section.

(c) The cost of evaluating and remediating sites pursuant to this section shall be paid from (1) funds authorized pursuant to subsection (a) of section 29 of special act 89-52, and (2) funds authorized for such evaluation or remediation pursuant to any other public or special act.

(d) Whenever funds are used pursuant to this section for purposes of evaluating or remediating a polluted site, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may seek reimbursement of the costs and expenses incurred by requesting the Attorney General to bring a civil action to recover such costs and expenses from any party responsible for such pollution provided no such action shall be brought separately from any action to recover costs and expenses incurred by the commissioner in pursuing action to contain, remove or mitigate any pollution on such site. The costs and expenses recovered may include but shall not be limited to (1) the actual cost of identifying, evaluating, planning for and undertaking the remediation of the site; (2) any administrative costs not exceeding ten per cent of the actual costs; (3) the costs of recovering the reimbursement; and (4) interest on the actual costs at a rate of ten per cent a year from the date such expenses were paid. The defendant in any civil action brought pursuant to this subsection shall have no cause of action or claim for contribution against any person with whom the commissioner has entered into a covenant not to sue pursuant to sections 22a-133aa and 22a-133bb with respect to pollution on or emanating from the property which is the subject of said civil action.

(e) The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development, in consultation with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, or a regional economic development entity using funds allocated under subsection (f) of this section, may acquire polluted commercial or industrial property for the purpose of remediation of the pollution and for the lease or sale of such property in order to promote business growth or expansion through the reuse or redevelopment of such property. Such acquisition may include, but not be limited to, condemnation of the property in accordance with the provisions of part I of chapter 835. For purposes of this subsection, the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development shall be exempt from all of the requirements of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, section 4b-3, and section 4b-21. When acquiring polluted property under this subsection, the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development may accept on behalf of the state of Connecticut the liability, at the time of the acquisition, for all costs of remediation of the polluted property provided the transferor shall be liable for all costs in excess of fifteen million dollars and further provided the commissioner shall not accept any liability under federal law. The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development may enter into lease, sale, or other agreements for the use of the real property acquired pursuant to this subsection. All moneys received by the state pursuant to any such agreement shall be deposited into the Urban Site Remediation Fund established under subsection (f) of this section.

(f) There is established an Urban Site Remediation Fund. The fund may contain any moneys required by law to be deposited in the fund and shall be held by the Treasurer separate and apart from all other moneys, funds and accounts. Any balance remaining in the fund at the end of any fiscal year shall be carried forward in the fund for the fiscal year next succeeding. The fund shall be used (1) by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection (A) for costs incurred in the assessment and remedial activities conducted at real property acquired pursuant to subsection (e) of this section, or (B) to reimburse the costs to obtain directors' and officers' liability and general liability insurance of (i) a municipal economic development agency or entity created or operating under chapter 130 or 132, or (ii) a nonprofit economic development corporation formed to promote the common good, general welfare and economic development of a municipality that is funded, either directly or through in-kind services, in part by a municipality, or a nonstock corporation or limited liability company controlled or established by a municipality, municipal economic development agency or entity created or operating under chapter 130 or 132; and (2) by the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development to pay any local property taxes on real property acquired pursuant to subsection (e) of this section and the costs of administering the program. The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development may allocate money from the fund to a regional economic development entity organized for the purpose of remediating contaminated real property.

(g) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall conduct an assessment to evaluate the potential cost of remedial activities of any site proposed for acquisition under subsection (e) of this section prior to the transfer of the real property to the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, after transfer of the property to the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development, shall conduct remedial actions necessary to remediate the pollution at or on the site and shall certify to the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development that such actions have minimized and mitigated any threat to human health or the environment and have contained, removed or otherwise mitigated the effects of any pollution in the property. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may use funds authorized pursuant to subsection (a) of section 29 of special act 89-52 and funds authorized for such purpose pursuant to any other public or special act for the purposes of this subsection. The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the provisions of this subsection and subsections (e) and (f) of this section.

(h) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection and the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development shall jointly identify urban community sites known to have, or suspected to have, environmental contamination which, if remediated and developed, will improve the urban environment. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection and the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development shall jointly establish the priority of such sites for evaluation and remediation based upon the following factors: (1) The potential benefits of remediation to the environment; (2) the estimated cost of evaluating and remediating the site, if known; (3) the potential benefits to the local community of such site; (4) community support for remediation and redevelopment of such site; (5) the commitment from investors or the municipality to redevelop the site; and (6) any other factors which the commissioners deem relevant. No real property shall be eligible for evaluation and remediation under this subsection unless (A) the site is located in a distressed municipality, as defined in section 32-9p, a targeted investment community, as defined in section 32-222, or an enterprise corridor zone, as defined in section 32-80, or in such other municipality as the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development may designate, and (B) the site is not undergoing evaluation or remediation under subsections (a) to (g), inclusive, of this section.

(P.A. 92-235, S. 3, 6; P.A. 93-428, S. 27, 29, 39; P.A. 95-183, S. 10; 95-250, S. 1; 95-334, S. 5, 13; P.A. 96-113, S. 13, 17; 96-166, S. 1, 2; 96-211, S. 1, 5, 6; P.A. 98-253, S. 3; P.A. 99-216, S. 5, 7; P.A. 03-218, S. 3, 4; P.A. 10-135, S. 1; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 93-428 authorized the commissioner to proceed with remediation of evaluated sites and deleted provision which had authorized selection for evaluation of no more than two sites per year and added Subsecs. (e), (f) and (g) re acquisition of sites and the remediation fund, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-183 amended Subsec. (d) to limit the ability of defendants in cost recovery actions under this section to bring an action for contribution from parties with whom the commissioner has entered into a covenant not to sue; P.A. 95-250 and P.A. 96-211 replaced Commissioner and Department of Economic Development with Commissioner and Department of Economic and Community Development; P.A. 95-334 amended Subsec. (b) to exempt sites proposed for acquisition under Subsec. (e) from requirement that all sites under this section be located in distressed municipalities, effective July 13, 1995; P.A. 96-113 amended Subsec. (d) to include reference to Secs. 22a-133aa and 22a-133bb, governing covenants not to sue, effective May 24, 1996; P.A. 96-166 amended Subsec. (b) to make sites located in targeted investment communities eligible for evaluation or remediation, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 98-253 added new Subsec. (h) re urban community sites; P.A. 99-216 amended Subsecs. (e) and (f) to authorize disbursement under the program to regional economic development entities organized to remediate contaminated real property, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 03-218 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting “which is deemed vital to the economic development needs of the state”, amended Subsec. (b) by redesignating Subdiv. (5) as Subdiv. (6), adding new Subdiv. (5) re whether the site would not otherwise be remediated, deleting former Subpara. (B) re determination of the responsible party, and making conforming changes and amended Subsec. (h) by deleting former Subpara. (A) re determination of the responsible party, redesignating existing Subparas. (B) and (C) as Subparas. (A) and (B) and making technical changes, effective July 1, 2003; (Revisor's note: In 2007 two references in Subsec. (f) to “subsection (e) of this subsection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “subsection (e) of this section”, for accuracy); P.A. 10-135 amended Subsec. (f) by designating existing use by Commissioner of Environmental Protection as Subdiv. (1)(A), adding Subdiv. (1)(B) re reimbursement of costs to obtain liability insurance and designating existing use by Commissioner of Economic and Community Development as Subdiv. (2); pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Sec. 22a-133n. Environmental use restrictions: Definitions. For the purposes of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133r, inclusive: “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection; “person” has the same meaning as provided in section 22a-2; and “environmental use restriction” means an environmental land use restriction or notice of activity and use limitation executed and recorded as prescribed in section 22a-133o, the purpose of which is to minimize the risk of human exposure to pollutants and hazards to the environment by (1) preventing the use of specified real property for certain purposes, or (2) prohibiting or requiring certain activities on such property.

(P.A. 94-198, S. 4, 13; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 14-122, S. 134; P.A. 18-85, S. 2.)

History: P.A. 94-198 effective June 7, 1994; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 14-122 made technical changes; P.A. 18-85 redefined “environmental use restriction”.

Sec. 22a-133o. Environmental use restrictions: Requirements. Environmental land use restriction. Notice of activity and use limitation. (a) An owner of land may execute and record an environmental use restriction under sections 22a-133n to 22a-133r, inclusive, on the land records of the municipality in which such land is located if (1) the commissioner has adopted standards for the remediation of contaminated land pursuant to section 22a-133k and adopted regulations pursuant to section 22a-133q, (2) the commissioner, or in the case of land for which remedial action was supervised under section 22a-133y or for a notice of activity and use limitation, a licensed environmental professional, determines, as evidenced by his signature on such restriction, that it is consistent with the purposes and requirements of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133r, inclusive, and of such standards and regulations, and (3) such restriction will effectively protect public health and the environment from the hazards of pollution. Such environmental use restriction may be in the form of an environmental land use restriction, as described in subsection (b) of this section, or a notice of activity and use limitation, as described in subsection (c) of this section.

(b) (1) No owner of land may record an environmental land use restriction on the land records of the municipality in which such land is located unless he simultaneously records documents which demonstrate that each person holding an interest in such land or any part thereof, including without limitation each mortgagee, lessee, lienor and encumbrancer, irrevocably subordinates such interest to the environmental land use restriction, provided the commissioner may waive such requirement if he finds that the interest in such land is so minor as to be unaffected by the environmental land use restriction. The commissioner shall waive the requirement to obtain subordination agreements for any interest in land that, when acted upon, is not capable of creating a condition contrary to any purpose of such environmental land use restriction. An environmental land use restriction shall run with land, shall bind the owner of the land and his successors and assigns, and shall be enforceable notwithstanding lack of privity of estate or contract or benefit to particular land.

(2) Within seven days after executing an environmental land use restriction and receiving thereon the signature of the commissioner or licensed environmental professional, as the case may be, the owner of the land involved therein shall record such restriction and documents required under subdivision (1) of this subsection on the land records of the municipality in which such land is located and shall submit to the commissioner a certificate of title certifying that each interest in such land or any part thereof is irrevocably subordinated to the environmental land use restriction in accordance with subdivision (1) of this subsection.

(3) An owner of land with respect to which an environmental land use restriction applies may be released, wholly or in part, permanently or temporarily, from the limitations of such restriction only with the commissioner's written approval which shall be consistent with the regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133q and shall be recorded on the land records of the municipality in which such land is located. The commissioner may waive the requirement to record such release if he finds that the activity which is the subject of such release does not affect the overall purpose for which the environmental land use restriction was implemented, or for a temporary release, the activity is sufficiently limited in scope and duration, and does not alter the size of the area subject to the environmental land use restriction. The commissioner shall not approve any such permanent release unless the owner demonstrates that he has remediated the land, or such portion thereof as would be affected by the release, in accordance with the standards established pursuant to section 22a-133k.

(4) An environmental land use restriction shall survive foreclosure of a mortgage, lien or other encumbrance.

(c) (1) A notice of activity and use limitation may be used and recorded for releases remediated in accordance with the regulations adopted pursuant to sections 22a-133k and 22a-133q for the following purposes:

(A) To achieve compliance with industrial/commercial direct exposure criteria, groundwater volatilization criteria, and soil vapor criteria, as established in regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k, by preventing residential activity and use of the area to be affected through the notice of activity and use limitation, provided such property is zoned for industrial or commercial use, is not used for any residential use, and no holder of an interest in such property, other than such owner, has a right of residential use, as defined in regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k;

(B) To prevent disturbance of polluted soil that exceeds the applicable direct exposure criteria but that is inaccessible soil, in compliance with the provisions of the regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k, provided pollutant concentrations in such inaccessible soil do not exceed ten times the applicable direct exposure criteria;

(C) To prevent disturbance of an engineered control to the extent such engineered control is for the sole remedial purpose of eliminating exposure to polluted soil that exceeds the direct exposure criteria, provided pollutant concentrations in such soil do not exceed ten times the applicable direct exposure criteria;

(D) To prevent demolition of a building or permanent structure that renders polluted soil environmentally isolated, provided: (i) The pollutant concentrations in the environmentally isolated soil do not exceed ten times the applicable direct exposure criteria and the applicable pollutant mobility criteria, or (ii) the total volume of soil that is environmentally isolated that exceeds ten times the applicable direct exposure criteria and the applicable pollutant mobility criteria is less than or equal to ten cubic yards; or

(E) Any other purpose the commissioner may prescribe by regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54.

(2) No owner shall record a notice of activity and use limitation on the land records of the municipality in which such land is located unless such owner, not later than sixty days prior to such recordation, provides written notice to each person who holds an interest in such land or any part thereof, including each mortgagee, lessee, lienor and encumbrancer. Such written notice of the proposed notice of activity and use limitation shall be sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, and shall include notice of the existence and location of pollution within such area and the terms of such proposed activity and use limitation. Any such person who holds an interest may waive such sixty-day-notice period in relation to such interest provided such waiver is in writing.

(3) A notice of activity and use limitation recorded pursuant to this subsection shall be implemented and adhered to by the owner and subsequent holders of interests in the property, such owner's successors and assigns, any person who has a license to use such property or to conduct remediation on any portion of such property and, as described in subdivision (6) of this section, any prior holder of an interest in the property who signs such notice of activity and use limitation.

(4) Any notice of activity and use limitation shall be effective when recorded on the land records of the municipality in which such property is located.

(5) (A) Any notice of activity and use limitation document, as described in this subsection, shall be prepared on a form prescribed by the commissioner.

(B) A notice of activity and use limitation decision document, signed by the commissioner or signed and sealed by a licensed environmental professional, shall be referenced in and recorded with any such notice of activity and use limitation, and shall specify:

(i) Why the notice of activity and use limitation is appropriate for achieving and maintaining compliance with the regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k;

(ii) Any activities and uses that are inconsistent with maintaining compliance with such regulations;

(iii) Any activities and uses to be permitted;

(iv) Any obligations and conditions necessary to meet the objectives of the notice of activity and use limitation; and

(v) The nature and extent of pollution in the area that is the basis for the notice of activity and use limitation, including a listing of contaminants and concentrations for such contaminants, and the horizontal and vertical extent of such contaminants.

(6) A notice of activity and use limitation shall not be used in any area where a prior holder of interest in the property has an interest that allows for the conduct of an activity that interferes with the conditions or purposes described in subparagraphs (A) to (E), inclusive, of subdivision (1) of this subsection, except a notice of activity and use limitation may be used in an area where one or more prior holders of an interest in the property have an interest that allows for the conduct of an activity that interferes with the conditions or purposes of such notice if such prior holder of an interest in the property agrees, by signing such notice, to subject such interest to the conditions or purposes described in such notice.

(7) Upon transfer of any interest in or a right to use property, or a portion of property that is subject to a notice of activity and use limitation, the owner of such land, any lessee of such land and any person who has the right to subdivide or sublease such property, shall incorporate such notice in full or by reference into all future deeds, easements, mortgages, leases, licenses, occupancy agreements and any other instrument of transfer provided the failure to incorporate such notice shall not affect the enforceability of any such notice of activity and use limitation.

(8) If a notice of activity and use limitation is extinguished by foreclosure of a mortgage, lien or other encumbrance, the owner of the subject land shall promptly, but not later than one year from the date of such foreclosure, or other schedule if approved in writing by the commissioner, remediate the pollution that was the subject of the notice of activity and use limitation consistent with standards adopted under section 22a-133k. In the event a notice of activity and use limitation is extinguished by such foreclosure, if notice to the commissioner is not otherwise provided as part of the foreclosure proceedings the owner shall, not later than thirty days from the date of such foreclosure, provide written notice to the commissioner by certified mail, return receipt requested, of such foreclosure, the name of the owner, the address of the land, and the identification of the notice of activity and use limitation.

(9) Any owner of a parcel of property that is subject to a notice of activity and use limitation may remediate the pollution on such parcel in accordance with the regulations adopted pursuant to sections 22a-133k and 22a-133q. Such owner, upon completion of such remediation, may terminate the notice of activity and use limitation in accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133q.

(P.A. 94-198, S. 5, 13; P.A. 95-169, S. 2; 95-190, S. 12, 17; P.A. 96-113, S. 9, 17; P.A. 97-218, S. 2; P.A. 11-141, S. 12; P.A. 13-308, S. 33; P.A. 18-85, S. 3, 4.)

History: P.A. 94-198 effective June 7, 1994; P.A. 95-169 amended Subsecs. (a) to (d), inclusive, to provide for the recording of environmental use restrictions on town land records instead of in a registry maintained by the Commissioner of Environmental Protection; P.A. 95-190 added provisions to allow licensed environmental professionals to sign environmental use restrictions and to provide that such restrictions be recorded on town land records rather than in registry maintained by commissioner, effective June 29, 1995; P.A. 96-113 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) to add provisions re documentation supporting subordination agreements, effective May 24, 1996; P.A. 97-218 amended Subsec. (b) to provide that the commissioner may waive requirements for documentation of a subordination agreement if he finds that the interest to be subordinated is so minor as to be unaffected by the land use restriction, and amended Subsec. (d) to allow a waiver of the recording of a release from the restriction under this section if he finds that the activity which is the subject of the release does not affect the overall purpose of the restriction and does not alter the size of the area subject to the restriction; P.A. 11-141 changed “environmental land use restriction” to “environmental use restriction” in Subsecs. (b) and (d), amended Subsec. (b) to require commissioner to waive requirement for subordination agreements for land interest that cannot create a condition contrary to environmental use restriction's purpose, amended Subsec. (c) to change time frame from “within seven days of” to “within seven days after”, and amended Subsec. (d) to specify that release may be permanent or temporary, to require activity to be limited in scope and duration for a temporary release and to specify that commissioner shall not approve a permanent release unless owner demonstrates remediation according to standards, effective July 8, 2011; P.A. 13-308 amended Subsec. (a) to add provisions re notice of activity and use limitation and re form of restriction, redesignated existing Subsecs. (b) to (e) as Subsec. (b)(1) to (4), respectively, and amended same to change “environmental use restriction” to “environmental land use restriction”, added Subsec. (c) re notice of activity and use limitation and made technical changes; P.A. 18-85 amended Subsec. (c) to add provision re prior holder of interest in property who signs notice of activity and use limitation in Subdiv. (3), delete provision re interest allowing for intrusion into polluted soil, and adding provision re exception allowing notice of activity and use limitation in certain areas where prior holders of interest agree to subject interest to conditions or purposes described in notice in Subdiv. (6).

Sec. 22a-133p. Environmental use restrictions: Enforcement of environmental land use restriction, notice of activity and use limitation, statutes and regulations. (a) The Attorney General, at the request of the commissioner, shall institute a civil action in the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford or for the judicial district wherein the subject land is located for injunctive or other equitable relief to enforce an environmental land use restriction, a notice of activity and use limitation or the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q, inclusive, and regulations adopted pursuant to said sections or to recover a civil penalty pursuant to subsection (e) of this section.

(b) The commissioner may issue orders pursuant to sections 22a-6 and 22a-7 to enforce an environmental land use restriction, a notice of activity and use limitation or the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q, inclusive, and regulations adopted pursuant to said sections.

(c) In any administrative or civil proceeding instituted by the commissioner to enforce an environmental land use restriction, a notice of activity and use limitation or the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q, inclusive, and regulations adopted pursuant to said sections, any other person may intervene as a matter of right.

(d) In any civil or administrative action to enforce an environmental land use restriction, a notice of activity and use limitation or the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q, inclusive, and regulations adopted thereunder, the owner of the subject land, and any lessee thereof, shall be strictly liable for any violation of such restriction, limitation or the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q, inclusive, and regulations adopted pursuant to said sections and shall be jointly and severally liable for abating such violation.

(e) Any owner of land with respect to which an environmental land use restriction or a notice of activity and use limitation applies, and any lessee of such land, who violates any provision of such restriction or limitation or violates the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q, inclusive, and regulations adopted pursuant to said sections shall be assessed a civil penalty under section 22a-438. The penalty provided in this subsection shall be in addition to any injunctive or other equitable relief.

(P.A. 88-230, S. 1, 2; P.A. 90-98, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-142, S. 4, 7, 8; P.A. 94-198, S. 6, 13; P.A. 95-190, S. 13, 17; 95-220, S. 4–6; P.A. 11-141, S. 13; P.A. 13-308, S. 34.)

History: P.A. 94-198 effective June 7, 1994 (Revisor's note: P.A. 88-230, P.A. 90-98 and P.A. 93-142 authorized substitution of “judicial district of Hartford” for “judicial district of Hartford-New Britain” in public and special acts of the 1994 regular and special sessions, effective September 1, 1996); P.A. 95-190 amended Subsec. (a) to correct an internal reference, effective June 29, 1995; P.A. 95-220 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1996, to September 1, 1998, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 11-141 added references to provisions of Secs. 22a-133n to 22a-133q and regulations adopted thereunder, effective July 8, 2011; P.A. 13-308 changed references from environmental use restriction to environmental land use restriction, added references to notice of activity and use limitation and made technical changes.

Sec. 22a-133q. Environmental use restrictions: Regulations re environmental land use restrictions and notices of activity and use limitation. The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the purposes of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133r, inclusive. Such regulations may include, but not be limited to, provisions regarding the form, contents, fees, financial surety, monitoring and reporting, filing procedure for, and release from, environmental land use restrictions and notice of activity and use limitations.

(P.A. 94-198, S. 7, 13; P.A. 11-141, S. 14; P.A. 13-308, S. 35.)

History: P.A. 94-198 effective June 7, 1994; P.A. 11-141 added “fees, financial surety, monitoring and reporting” re regulations provisions, effective July 8, 2011; P.A. 13-308 changed reference from environmental use restrictions to environmental land use restrictions and added reference to notice of activity and use limitations.

Sec. 22a-133r. Environmental use restrictions: Abatement of pollution when restriction or notice is void or without effect. In the event that a court of competent jurisdiction finds for any reason that an environmental use restriction or notice of activity and use limitation is void or without effect for any reason, the owner of the subject land, in accordance with a schedule prescribed by the commissioner, shall promptly abate pollution thereon consistently with standards adopted under section 22a-133k for remediation of land used for residential or recreational purposes.

(P.A. 94-198, S. 8, 13; P.A. 13-308, S. 36; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9, S. 10.)

History: P.A. 94-198 effective June 7, 1994; P.A. 13-308 changed reference from environmental use restriction to environmental land use restriction and added reference to notice of activity and use limitation; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9 changed “environmental land use restriction” to “environmental use restriction”, effective October 2, 2020.

Sec. 22a-133s. Environmental use restrictions: Other powers not affected. Nothing in sections 22a-133n to 22a-133r, inclusive, shall be construed to affect the commissioner's authority under any other provision of law to abate or prevent pollution or to enforce any statute, requirement, order or permit issued or administered by him.

(P.A. 94-198, S. 9, 13.)

History: P.A. 94-198 effective June 7, 1994.

Sec. 22a-133t. Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund. There is established and created a fund to be known as the “Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund”. There shall be deposited in the fund: (1) The proceeds of bonds issued by the state for deposit into said fund and used in accordance with this section; (2) revenues from taxes or fees required to be deposited into the fund pursuant to law; and (3) interest or other income earned on the investment of moneys in the fund pending transfer or use pursuant to this section and section 22a-133u. The fund may contain any moneys required by law to be deposited in the fund and shall be held by the Treasurer separate and apart from all other moneys, funds and accounts. Investment earnings credited to the assets of said fund shall become part of the assets of said fund. Any balance remaining in said fund at the end of any fiscal year shall be carried forward in said fund for the fiscal year next succeeding.

(P.A. 95-190, S. 4, 17; P.A. 96-250, S. 4, 7.)

History: P.A. 95-190, S. 4 effective June 29, 1995; P.A. 96-250 deleted former Subsecs. (a), (c), (d) and (e) containing provisions authorizing revenue bonds for the fund, effective July 1, 1996.

Sec. 22a-133u. Uses of Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund. Repayment of funds. Liens. Criteria. (a) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may use any funds in the Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund established in section 22a-133t other than any funds which are necessary to carry out any other responsibility of said commissioner under this section, for (1) removal or mitigation of a spill, as defined in section 22a-452c, upon or into land or waters of the state if the owner of the property associated with such spill is found to be an innocent landowner, as defined in section 22a-452d, and for administrative costs related to such removal or mitigation, or (2) administrative costs related to the remediation of a property for which a loan was made under subsection (b) of this section provided not more than five thousand dollars shall be disbursed from the fund for such purpose. Said commissioner may use any funds received in connection with the issuance of a covenant not to sue or a settlement by said commissioner of a claim related to contaminated real property, or any funds received pursuant to section 22a-16a, for removal or mitigation of a spill, as defined in section 22a-452c, for which the owner of the property associated with such spill would be liable except for a covenant not to sue entered into pursuant to sections 22a-133aa or 22a-133bb and for administrative costs related to such removal or mitigation. Said commissioner may use any funds received pursuant to section 22a-134e and subsection (c) of section 22a-133aa, for expenses related to the administration of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and for expenses related to administration of sections 22a-133x, 22a-133y, 22a-133aa and 22a-133bb.

(b) The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development may use any funds deposited into the Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund pursuant to section 3 of public act 96-250* for (1) loans to municipalities, individuals or firms for Phase II environmental site assessments, Phase III investigations of real property or for any costs of demolition, including related lead and asbestos removal or abatement costs or costs related to the remediation of environmental pollution, undertaken to prepare contaminated real property for development subsequent to any Phase III investigation, (2) expenses related to administration of this subsection provided such expenses may not exceed one hundred twenty-five thousand dollars per year, (3) funding the remedial action and redevelopment municipal grant program established pursuant to section 32-763, and (4) funding the targeted brownfield development loan program developed pursuant to section 32-765.

(c) Any person, firm, corporation or municipality which has received funds under subsection (b) of this section shall repay such funds to the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development, according to a schedule and terms which said commissioner deems appropriate. The principal amount of the loan shall be due at a time deemed appropriate by the commissioner as follows: (1) Upon the sale of the property or lease of the property, in whole or in part, which is the subject of such evaluation or demolition; (2) upon the sale or release of a municipality's liens on such property; or (3) upon the approval by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection of a final remedial action report submitted in accordance with section 22a-133y. The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development may require repayment of the loan amortized over a period of no more than five years from the sale of the property, sale of the lien or approval by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection of the final remedial action report. No repayment shall be required, other than interest for the period that the loan is outstanding, if completion of remediation of environmental pollution at or on the property, or the sale or lease of such property, is economically infeasible due to the cost of such remediation. The commissioner may require partial repayment of the loan only if partial repayment is economically feasible. Any funds received by said commissioner as repayment under this subsection shall be deposited into the brownfield remediation and development account. The terms of any loan agreement entered into by said commissioner under said subsection may provide for the collection of interest on the loan which may vary according to whether the applicant is a municipality or a private entity and the duration of the repayment schedule for such loan provided the interest cost to the borrower provided for in such agreement shall not exceed the interest cost to the state on borrowings of like terms.

(d) The amount of any funds received under subsection (b) of this section by any entity other than a municipality shall be a lien against the real property for which the funds were disbursed. A lien pursuant to this section shall not be effective unless (1) a certificate of lien is filed in the land records of each town in which the real estate is located, describing the real estate, the amount of the lien, the name of the owner as grantor, and (2) the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development mails a copy of the certificate to such persons and to all other persons of record holding an interest in such real estate over which the commissioner's lien is entitled to priority. Any action for the foreclosure of such lien shall be brought by the Attorney General in the name of the state in the superior court for the judicial district in which the property subject to such lien is situated, or, if such property is located in two or more judicial districts, in the superior court for any one such judicial district, and the court may limit the time for redemption or order the sale of such property or make such other or further decree as it judges equitable.

(e) The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development shall establish criteria for (1) making disbursements under subsection (b) of this section which criteria shall include, but not be limited to, anticipated commercial value of the property, potential tax revenue to the relevant municipality, environmental or public health risk posed by the spill, potential community or economic development benefit to the relevant municipality, the status of any loans previously made under said subsection to the municipality and potential for restoration of an abandoned property, and (2) cancelling loans related to a property at which the borrower of the loan elects not to proceed with remediation. Such criteria shall further set forth the procedure for applying for a loan from the fund and the procedure to be used for evaluation of such an application. In approving any loan under said subsection to any person, firm or corporation, the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development may consider the loan applicant's credit history and economic solvency, any plan of such applicant for business development, municipal support for the proposed use of the property and any existing indebtedness of such applicant to any entity.

(P.A. 95-190, S. 6, 17; 95-250, S. 1; P.A. 96-211, S. 1, 5, 6; 96-250, S. 5, 7; P.A. 97-124, S. 13, 16; P.A. 98-134, S. 5; 98-253, S. 14; P.A. 99-216, S. 1; 99-225, S. 15, 33; P.A. 00-171, S. 1, 2; P.A. 01-204, S. 2, 29; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 73, 131; P.A. 05-191, S. 6; 05-285, S. 1; P.A. 07-233, S. 7; P.A. 08-124, S. 14; P.A. 10-135, S. 5; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 13-299, S.26; P.A. 13-299, S. 26; 13-308, S. 17.)

*Note: Section 3 of public act 96-250 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.

History: P.A. 95-190, S. 6 effective June 29, 1995; P.A. 95-250 and P.A. 96-211 replaced Commissioner and Department of Economic Development with Commissioner and Department of Economic and Community Development; P.A. 96-250 amended Subsec. (a) to add provisions re use of fund for administrative and other costs incurred by commissioner under this section, amended Subsec. (b) to condition use of the fund by the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development upon approval of the advisory board, to delete a reference to former provisions for revenue bond moneys, to add provisions re deposit of moneys from other sources and to change provision re administrative allowance from 10% of fund to $125,000 per year, amended Subsec. (c) to add provision exempting from repayment of loan properties whose resale or lease is economically infeasible, and amended Subsec. (e) to establish the advisory board and to provide for its powers and duties, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-124 amended Subsec. (b) to allow loans under this section for demolition undertaken subsequent to any Phase III investigation and to make technical changes, effective June 6, 1997; P.A. 98-134 amended Subsec. (b) to allow loans under this section for any Phase III investigation; P.A. 98-253 deleted reference to Sec. 22a-133bb(c) in Subsec. (a); P.A. 99-216 amended Subsec. (e) to require the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development to establish criteria for disbursements from the fund and to require additional information in the report required to be submitted to the General Assembly regarding the fund; P.A. 99-225 amended Subsec. (e) to delay until February 1, 2001, and modify the requirements of, a report by the board to the General Assembly regarding the solvency of the fund, effective June 29, 1999; P.A. 00-171 amended Subsec. (b) to allow funds to be used for lead and asbestos removal or abatement costs and amended Subsec. (c) by revising terms of repayment; P.A. 01-204 amended Subsec. (e)(2) to change the date on which the board must submit report from February 1, 1997, to February 1, 2003, and to change the date on which the board must submit recommendations from February 1, 2001, to February 1, 2003, effective July 11, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 revised effective date of P.A. 01-204 but without affecting this section; P.A. 05-191 amended Subsec. (e)(2) to delete requirement for annual report by board and Commissioner of Economic and Community Development; P.A. 05-285 amended Subsec. (b) to delete requirement for approval of the advisory board, to delete reference to repealed Sec. 12-63f, and to allow loans to be used for costs related to remediation, amended Subsec. (c) to allow the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development to require repayment of loan amortized over a period of no more than five years after certain events, amended Subsec. (d) to make a technical change, and amended Subsec. (e) to change the function of the board, effective July 13, 2005; P.A. 07-233 amended Subsec. (c) to require any funds received as repayment to be deposited into brownfield remediation and development account, rather than Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 08-124 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a) and (b), effective June 2, 2008; P.A. 10-135 amended Subsec. (b) to add Subdivs. (3) and (4) re funding of programs, effective July 1, 2010; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-299 amended Subsec. (e) to delete former Subdiv. (1) re establishment of Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund Advisory Board and make conforming changes, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 13-308 amended Subsec. (b) by deleting “subsection (e) of” in Subdiv. (3) and replacing reference to Sec. 32-9kk(f) with reference to Sec. 32-765 in Subdiv. (4), effective July 1, 2013.

Sec. 22a-133v. Licensed environmental professionals. Definitions. Licensing board. Standard of care. Issuance of license. Fees. Suspension or revocation of license or other sanction. Examination. (a) As used in this section: (1) “Environmental professional” means a person who is qualified by reason of his knowledge, as specified in subsection (e) of this section, to engage in activities associated with the investigation and remediation of pollution and sources of pollution including the rendering or offering to render to clients professional services in connection with the investigation and remediation of pollution and sources of pollution; (2) “pollution” means pollution, as defined in section 22a-423; and (3) “commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection or his designated agent.

(b) There shall be within the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection a State Board of Examiners of Environmental Professionals. The board shall consist of eleven members. One member, who shall be the chairman of the board, shall be the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, or his designee. The Governor shall appoint the other ten members of the board who shall consist of the following: Six members shall be licensed environmental professionals or, prior to the publication by the board of the first roster of licensed environmental professionals, persons on the list maintained by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (h) of this section, including at least two having hydrogeology expertise and two who are licensed professional engineers; two members who are active members of an organization that promotes the protection of the environment; one member who is an active member of an organization that promotes business; and one member who is an employee of a lending institution. The members of the board shall administer the provisions of this section as to licensure and issuance, reissuance, suspension or revocation of licenses concerning environmental professionals. The Governor may remove any member of the board for misconduct, incompetence or neglect of duty. The members of the board shall receive no compensation for their services but shall be reimbursed for necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties. The board shall keep a true and complete record of all its proceedings.

(c) A licensed environmental professional shall perform his duties in accordance with the standard of care applicable to professionals engaged in such duties. The commissioner, with advice and assistance from the board, may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, concerning professional ethics and conduct appropriate to establish and maintain a high standard of integrity and dignity in the practice of an environmental professional and may make rules for the conduct of the board's affairs and for the examination of applicants for licenses.

(d) The commissioner shall receive and account for all moneys derived under the provisions of this section and shall deposit such moneys in the General Fund. The board shall keep a register of all applications for licenses with the actions of the board thereon. A roster showing the names of all licensees shall be prepared each year. A copy of such roster shall be placed on file with the Secretary of the State.

(e) The board shall authorize the commissioner to issue a license under subsection (d) of section 22a-133m, sections 22a-184 to 22a-184e, inclusive, this section and section 22a-133w to any person who demonstrates to the satisfaction of the board that such person: (1) (A) Has for a minimum of eight years engaged in the investigation and remediation of releases of hazardous waste or petroleum products into soil or groundwater, including a minimum of four years in responsible charge of investigation and remediation of the release of hazardous waste or petroleum products into soil or groundwater, and holds a bachelor's or advanced degree from an accredited college or university in a related science or related engineering field or is a professional engineer licensed in accordance with chapter 391, or (B) has for a minimum of fourteen years engaged in the investigation and remediation of releases of hazardous waste or petroleum products into soil or groundwater, including a minimum of seven years in responsible charge of investigation and remediation of hazardous waste or petroleum products into soil or groundwater; (2) has successfully passed a written examination, or a written and oral examination, prescribed by the board and approved by the commissioner, which shall test the applicant's knowledge of the physical and environmental sciences applicable to an investigation of a polluted site and remediation conducted in accordance with regulations adopted by the commissioner under section 22a-133k and any other applicable guidelines or regulations as may be adopted by the commissioner; and (3) has paid an examination fee of two hundred thirty-five dollars to the commissioner. In considering whether a degree held by an applicant for such license qualifies for the educational requirements under this section, the board may consider all undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate and other courses completed by the applicant.

(f) The board shall authorize the commissioner to issue a license to any applicant who, in the opinion of the board, has satisfactorily met the requirements of this section. The issuance of a license by the commissioner shall be evidence that the person named therein is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a licensed environmental professional while such license remains unrevoked or unexpired. A licensed environmental professional shall pay to the commissioner an annual fee of four hundred twenty-five dollars, due and payable on July first of every year beginning with July first of the calendar year immediately following the year of license issuance. The commissioner, with the advice and assistance of the board, may adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, pertaining to the design and use of seals by licensees under this section and governing the license issuance and renewal process, including, but not limited to, procedures for allowing the renewal of licenses when an application is submitted not later than six months after the expiration of the license without the applicant having to take the examination required under subsection (e) of this section.

(g) The board may conduct investigations concerning the conduct of any licensed environmental professional. The commissioner may conduct audits of any actions authorized by law to be performed by a licensed environmental professional. The board shall authorize the commissioner to: (1) Revoke the license of any environmental professional; (2) suspend the license of any environmental professional; (3) impose any other sanctions that the board deems appropriate; or (4) deny an application for such licensure if the board, after providing such professional with notice and an opportunity to be heard concerning such revocation, suspension, other sanction or denial, finds that such professional has submitted false or misleading information to the board or has engaged in professional misconduct including, without limitation, knowingly or recklessly making a false verification of a remediation under section 22a-134a, or violating any provision of this section or regulations adopted under the provisions of this section.

(h) The board shall hold the first examination pursuant to this section no later than eighteen months after the date the commissioner adopts regulations pursuant to section 22a-133k, and shall publish the first roster of licensed environmental professionals no later than six months after the date of such examination. Until such time as the board publishes the first roster of licensed environmental professionals, any person who (1) has for a minimum of eight years engaged in the investigation and remediation of releases of hazardous waste or petroleum products into soil or groundwater, including a minimum of four years in responsible charge of investigation and remediation of the release of hazardous waste or petroleum products into soil or groundwater, (2) holds a bachelor's or advanced degree from an accredited college or university in a related science or related engineering field or is a professional engineer licensed in accordance with chapter 391, and (3) pays a registration fee of two hundred eighty-five dollars may apply to the commissioner to be placed on a list of environmental professionals. Any person on such list may perform any duties authorized by law to be performed by a licensed environmental professional until such time as the first roster of licensed environmental professionals is published by the board.

(i) Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize a licensed environmental professional to engage in any profession or occupation requiring a license under any other provisions of the general statutes without such license.

(P.A. 95-183, S. 4; P.A. 96-113, S. 15, 17; 96-180, S. 132, 166; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 117; P.A. 06-76, S. 16; P.A. 07-81, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 404; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 96-113 amended Subsec. (h) to change the first examination of licensed environmental professionals from no later than one year to no later than 18 months after the date the commissioner adopts regulations, effective May 24, 1996; P.A. 96-180 amended Subsec. (b) to correct a statutory reference, effective June 3, 1996; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (e) to increase examination fee from $125 to $188, amended Subsec. (f) to increase annual fee from $225 to $338 and to delete provision re specification of fees in regulations and amended Subsec. (h) to increase registration fee from $150 to $225, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 06-76 amended Subsec. (e) to allow the board to consider all undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate and other courses completed by the applicant and amended Subsec. (f) to allow the commissioner to adopt regulations governing the license issuance and renewal process; P.A. 07-81 amended Subsec. (g) to add Subdiv. designators (1), (2) and (4), add Subdiv. (3) re imposition of other sanctions and make conforming and technical changes; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 amended Subsec. (d) to replace provision re deposit of moneys into Environmental Quality Fund with provision re deposit of moneys into General Fund and amended Subsecs. (e)(3), (f) and (h)(3) to increase fees; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” and “Department of Environmental Protection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” and “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011.

Sec. 22a-133w. Voluntary site remediation in GB and GC areas: Licensed environmental professionals. (a) As used in this section and sections 22a-133u and 22a-133y:

(1) “Phase II environmental site assessment” means an investigation to confirm the presence or absence of a spill on or at a parcel of real property which investigation may include sampling of soil or groundwater in accordance with the provisions of the Transfer Act Site Assessment Guidance Document published by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, June, 1989, revised November, 1991, or in accordance with comparable provisions in any regulations adopted by the commissioner under section 22a-133k;

(2) “Phase III investigation” means an investigation to ascertain the extent of a spill on or at a parcel of real property in accordance with the provisions of the Transfer Act Site Assessment Guidance Document published by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, June, 1989, revised November, 1991, which investigation may include making a reasonable estimate of the cost of remediation of such parcel in accordance with the regulations adopted by the commissioner under section 22a-133k;

(3) “Phase III remedial action plan” means a written plan prepared subsequent to a Phase III investigation as provided in said guidance document or such regulations which plan includes information regarding the feasibility of various alternative remediation strategies and an assessment of the costs of such strategies;

(4) “Spill” has the meaning provided in section 22a-452c; and

(5) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection.

(b) The commissioner shall publish along with any list or roster of licensed environmental professionals published pursuant to section 22a-133v a record of any work performed by any licensed environmental professional pursuant to a final remedial action report prepared pursuant to a voluntary site remediation under section 22a-133y which is submitted to the commissioner and any action taken by the commissioner with regard to such work.

(c) Any licensed environmental professional who performs any services pursuant to section 22a-133y shall act with reasonable care and diligence and shall apply the knowledge and skill ordinarily required of a professional in good standing practicing in that field at the time the services are performed.

(d) Any licensed environmental professional who performs any services pursuant to section 22a-133y shall not have, develop or acquire any business association or financial interest which is substantial enough to create an impression of influencing his judgment in connection with the performance of such services. No licensed environmental professional shall offer or render such services under an arrangement whereby no fee will be charged if a specified finding or result is attained, or where the payment of his fee, or the amount of the fee, is otherwise dependent upon a specified finding or result of such services.

(e) Any licensed environmental professional who violates any provision of subsection (c) or (d) of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than twenty-five thousand dollars. The Attorney General, upon complaint of the State Board of Examiners of Environmental Professionals or the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, shall institute a civil action to recover such penalty. Any amount recovered shall be deposited into the Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund established under section 22a-133t.

(P.A. 95-190, S. 1, 17; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 95-190, S. 1 effective June 29, 1995; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” and “Department of Environmental Protection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” and “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011.

Sec. 22a-133x. Investigation and remediation of contaminated real property. Submission of forms. Review by commissioner. Fee. Notification required. (a) For the purposes of this section:

(1) “Applicant” means the person who submits the environmental condition assessment form to the commissioner pursuant to this section;

(2) “Interim verification” means a written opinion by a licensed environmental professional, on a form prescribed by the commissioner, that (A) the investigation of the parcel, portion of the parcel or release area has been performed in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines, (B) the remediation has been completed in accordance with the remediation standards, except that, for remediation standards for groundwater, the selected remedy is in operation but has not achieved the remediation standards for groundwater, (C) identifies the long-term remedy being implemented to achieve groundwater standards, the estimated duration of such remedy, and the ongoing operation and maintenance requirements for continued operation of such remedy, and (D) there are no exposure pathways to the groundwater area that have not yet met the remediation standards as of the date of such written opinion;

(3) “Release area” has the same meaning as provided in the regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-133k; and

(4) “Verification” means the rendering of a written opinion by a licensed environmental professional on a form prescribed by the commissioner that an investigation of the parcel, portion of the parcel or release area has been performed in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and that the parcel, portion of the parcel or release area has been remediated in accordance with the remediation standards.

(b) Except as provided in section 22a-133y, any person may, at any time, submit to the commissioner an environmental condition assessment form for real property and an initial review fee in accordance with subsection (g) of this section. Such applicant shall use a licensed environmental professional to verify the investigation and remediation, unless not later than thirty days after the commissioner's receipt of such form, the commissioner notifies such applicant, in writing, that review and written approval of any remedial action at such property by the commissioner will be required. The commissioner shall not process any such form submitted pursuant to this section unless such form is accompanied by the required initial review fee.

(c) The applicant shall, on or before ninety days after the submission of an environmental condition assessment form, submit a statement of proposed actions for investigating and remediating the parcel or a release area and a schedule for implementing such actions. The commissioner may require the applicant to submit to the commissioner copies of technical plans and reports related to investigation and remediation of the parcel or release area. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the commissioner may determine that the commissioner's review and written approval of such technical plans and reports is necessary at any time, and in such case the commissioner shall notify the applicant of the need for the commissioner's review and written approval. The commissioner shall require that the certifying party submit to the commissioner all technical plans and reports related to the investigation and remediation of the parcel or release area if the commissioner receives a written request from any person for such information. The applicant shall advise the commissioner of any modifications to the proposed schedule.

(d) If the commissioner notifies the applicant that the commissioner will formally review and approve in writing the investigation and remediation of the parcel, the applicant shall, on or before thirty days of the receipt of such notice, or such later date as may be approved in writing by the commissioner, submit for the commissioner's review and written approval a proposed schedule for: (1) Investigating and remediating the parcel or release area; and (2) submitting to the commissioner technical plans, technical reports and progress reports related to such investigation and remediation. Upon the commissioner's approval of such schedule, the applicant shall, in accordance with the approved schedule, submit technical plans, technical reports and progress reports to the commissioner for the commissioner's review and written approval. The applicant shall perform all actions identified in the approved technical plans, technical reports and progress reports in accordance with the approved schedule. The commissioner may approve, in writing, any modification proposed in writing by the applicant to such schedule or investigation and remediation and may notify the applicant, in writing, if the commissioner determines that it is appropriate to discontinue formal review and approval of the investigation or remediation.

(e) (1) Upon receipt of an interim verification by a licensed environmental professional, the applicant may submit such interim verification to the commissioner. Any applicant who submits an interim verification pursuant to this subdivision shall, until the remediation standards for groundwater are achieved: (A) Operate and maintain the long-term remedy for groundwater in accordance with such interim verification and any applicable approval by the commissioner or remedial action plan; (B) prevent exposure to the groundwater plume; and (C) submit annual status reports to the commissioner.

(2) Upon receipt of a verification by a licensed environmental professional, the applicant shall submit such verification to the commissioner.

(f) If, in accordance with the provisions of this section, the commissioner has approved in writing or, as applicable, a licensed environmental professional has verified, that the parcel has been remediated in accordance with the remediation standards, such approval or verification may be used as the basis for submitting a Form II pursuant to sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, provided there has been no additional discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste at or on the parcel subsequent to the date of the commissioner's approval or verification by a licensed environmental professional.

(g) The fee for submitting an environmental condition assessment form to the commissioner pursuant to this section shall be three thousand two hundred fifty dollars and shall be paid at the time the environmental condition assessment form is submitted. Any fee paid pursuant to this section shall be deducted from any fee required by subsection (m) or (n) of section 22a-134e for the transfer of any parcel for which an environmental condition assessment form has been submitted within three years of such transfer.

(h) Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect or impair the voluntary site remediation process provided for in section 22a-133y.

(i) Prior to commencement of remedial action taken under this section, the applicant shall (1) publish notice of the remediation, in accordance with the schedule submitted pursuant to this section, in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in the area affected by the parcel, (2) notify the director of health of the municipality where the parcel is located of the remediation, and (3) either (A) erect and maintain for at least thirty days in a legible condition a sign not less than six feet by four feet on the parcel, which sign shall be clearly visible from the public highway, and shall include the words “ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN-UP IN PROGRESS AT THIS SITE. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:” and include a telephone number for an office from which any interested person may obtain additional information about the remediation, or (B) mail notice of the remediation to each owner of record of property which abuts the parcel, at the last-known address of such owner on the last-completed grand list of the municipality where the parcel is located.

(P.A. 95-183, S. 3; P.A. 96-113, S. 7, 17; P.A. 98-134, S. 4; 98-253, S. 13; P.A. 99-225, S. 4, 14, 20; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 118; P.A. 07-81, S. 2; P.A. 09-235, S. 10; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 405; P.A. 14-88, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 96-113 amended Subsec. (a) to add definition of “municipality”, effective May 24, 1996; P.A. 98-134 and P.A. 98-253 both amended Subsec. (a) to allow owners of property in GA and GAA areas to submit an environmental condition assessment form under this section, and P.A. 98-134 also amended Subsec. (b) to include remediation of entire release areas in remediation plans under this section; P.A. 99-225 amended Subsec. (a) to allow remediation under this section of property owned by any political subdivision of the state and to delete definition of “municipality”, amended Subsecs. (c) and (d) to provide for investigation and verification of remediation of specific release areas, effective June 29, 1999, and added a new Subsec. (g) regarding notice of remedial action undertaken pursuant to this section; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (e) to increase fee for submitting environmental condition assessment form from $2,000 to $3,000, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 07-81 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that a licensed environmental professional shall verify investigation and remediation unless department notifies the owner that department will do the verification, amended Subsec. (b) to delete provisions requiring commissioner to notify the owner re formal department review and to provide that commissioner may require department review at any time, amended Subsec. (g) to provide that only owners of property abutting the parcel need be notified at their last-known address and added references to “political subdivision” and made conforming and technical changes throughout; P.A. 09-235 amended Subsec. (a) to define “applicant”, to allow “any person” to submit assessment forms, rather than political subdivisions of the state and certain property owners, and to replace references to political subdivisions and property owners with “applicant” and amended Subsecs. (b), (c) and (g) to replace references to political subdivisions and property owners with “applicant”; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 amended Subsec. (e) by increasing fee from $3,000 to $3,250; P.A. 14-88 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provision re definition of “applicant” as Subdiv. (1) and adding Subdivs. (2) to (4) defining “interim verification”, “release area” and “verification”, designated existing portion of Subsec. (a) re submission of assessment form to commissioner as new Subsec. (b), redesignated existing Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (c) and amended same by deleting provisions re definition of release area in regulations and submission of verification to commissioner, redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d), added new Subsec. (e) re submission of verification, redesignated existing Subsecs. (d) to (g) as Subsecs. (f) to (i), and made technical and conforming changes, effective June 3, 2014.

Sec. 22a-133y. Voluntary site remediation in GB and GC areas: Procedures. Review by commissioner. Environmental use restrictions. (a) On and after January 1, 1996, any licensed environmental professional licensed by the State Board of Examiners of Environmental Professionals pursuant to section 22a-133v may, pursuant to a voluntary site remediation conducted in accordance with this section, conduct a Phase II environmental site assessment or a Phase III investigation, prepare a Phase III remedial action plan, supervise remediation or submit a final remedial action report to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection in accordance with the standards provided for remediation in the regulations adopted by the commissioner under section 22a-133k for any real property which has been subject to a spill and which meets the following criteria: (1) Such property is located in an area classified as GB or GC under the standards adopted by the commissioner for classification of groundwater contamination; and (2) such property is not the subject of any order issued by the commissioner regarding such spill, consent order or stipulated judgment regarding such spill. Any such professional employed by a municipality may enter, without liability, upon any property within such municipality for the purpose of performing an environmental site assessment or investigation if the owner of such property is unknown or such property is encumbered by a lien for taxes due to such municipality. Nothing in this subsection shall affect the ability of any person, firm or corporation to provide any of the services enumerated in this subsection in connection with the remediation of contaminated real property other than as provided for a voluntary site remediation conducted pursuant to this section.

(b) Following any Phase II environmental site assessment or a Phase III investigation for any such property, any Phase III remedial action plan prepared for purposes of a voluntary site remediation under this section shall be prepared by a licensed environmental professional in accordance with the standards for such property adopted by the commissioner under section 22a-133k. Prior to commencement of remedial action taken pursuant to such plan, the owner of the property shall submit such plan to the commissioner and shall: (1) Publish notice of the remedial action in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in the town where the property is located; (2) notify the director of health of the municipality where the parcel is located; and (3) either (A) erect and maintain for at least thirty days in a legible condition a sign not less than six feet by four feet on the property, which sign shall be clearly visible from the public highway, and shall include the words “ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN-UP IN PROGRESS AT THIS SITE. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:” and include a telephone number for an office from which any interested person may obtain additional information about the remedial action; or (B) mail notice of the remedial action to each owner of record of property which abuts such property, at the address on the last-completed grand list of the relevant town. The commissioner may review such plan and may advise such owner as to the adequacy of such plan. The remedial action shall be conducted under the supervision of a licensed environmental professional. The commissioner shall expedite the process for issuing any permits required under this title for such action. The final remedial action report shall be submitted by a licensed environmental professional. In preparing such report, the licensed environmental professional shall render an opinion, in accordance with the standard of care provided for in subsection (c) of section 22a-133w, that the action taken to contain, remove or mitigate the spill is in accordance with the remediation standards for such property adopted by the commissioner under section 22a-133k. The owner of the property shall maintain all records relating to such remedial action for a period of not less than ten years and shall make such records available to the commissioner at any time upon his request.

(c) Any final remedial action report submitted to the commissioner for such a property by a licensed environmental professional shall be deemed approved unless, within sixty days of such submittal, the commissioner determines, in his sole discretion, that an audit of such remedial action is necessary to assess whether remedial action beyond that which is indicated in such report is necessary for the protection of human health or the environment. Such an audit shall be conducted within six months of such determination. After completing such audit, the commissioner may disapprove the report provided he shall give his reasons therefor in writing and further provided such owner may appeal such disapproval to the superior court in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183. Prior to approving a final remedial action report, the commissioner may enter into a memorandum of understanding with the owner of such property with regard to any further remedial action or monitoring activities on or at such property which the commissioner deems necessary for the protection of human health or the environment.

(d) Upon the approval of such report, the owner of the property shall execute and record an environmental use restriction in accordance with the provisions of section 22a-133o, unless a licensed environmental professional presents evidence, satisfactory to the commissioner, that the remediation has achieved a standard sufficient to render such a restriction unnecessary and the commissioner issues a written finding that such restriction is not necessary. Approval of a final remedial action report pursuant to this section shall be sufficient to support the filing of a Form II, as defined in section 22a-134.

(e) Nothing in this section shall relieve any person of any obligation to comply with sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive.

(P.A. 95-190, S. 2, 17; P.A. 96-113, S. 8, 17; P.A. 97-124, S. 14, 16; P.A. 99-225, S. 3; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 95-190, S. 2 effective June 29, 1995; P.A. 96-113 added Subsec. (e) re obligation to comply with transfer act, effective May 24, 1996; P.A. 97-124 amended Subsec. (a) to broaden the authority of licensed environmental professionals to enter property without liability for purposes of performing a site assessment or investigation, effective June 6, 1997; P.A. 99-225 amended Subsec. (b) to require that notice of remedial action be given to the director of health; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2011.

Sec. 22a-133z. General permits for contaminated site remediation. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may issue a general permit, in accordance with the provisions of the relevant section of the general statutes which authorizes the general permit, for any activity related to contaminated site remediation which activity the commissioner deems appropriate for a general permit.

(P.A. 95-190, S. 16, 17; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 95-190, S. 16 effective June 29, 1995; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Sec. 22a-133aa. Covenant not to sue prospective purchasers or owners of contaminated land. Approval of remediation plan by commissioner. Fee. (a) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may enter into a covenant not to sue with any prospective purchaser or owner of contaminated real property provided (1) a detailed written plan for remediation of the property, in accordance with standards adopted by said commissioner pursuant to section 22a-133k, has been approved by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, which plan shall be incorporated by reference in the covenant, (2) the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection has approved a final remedial action report for such property, or (3) if before any approval by the commissioner of a detailed written plan or final remedial action report for such property, the commissioner has approved a brownfield investigation plan and remediation schedule, as defined in subsection (f) of section 22a-133aa, which investigation plan and remediation schedule shall be incorporated by reference in the covenant. No such covenant may be entered into unless such purchaser or owner has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the commissioner that such purchaser or owner (A) did not establish or create a facility or condition at or on such property which reasonably can be expected to create a source of pollution to the waters of the state for purposes of section 22a-432 and has not maintained any such facility or condition at such property for purposes of said section, and such purchaser is not responsible pursuant to any other provision of the general statutes for any pollution or source of pollution on the property; (B) is not affiliated with any person responsible for such pollution or source of pollution through any direct or indirect familial relationship or any contractual, corporate or financial relationship other than that by which such purchaser's interest in such property is to be conveyed or financed; and (C) will redevelop the property for productive use or continue productive use of such property provided the commissioner determines that the covenant not to sue is in the public interest. Upon the request of a successor of an original holder of a covenant issued under this section, the commissioner shall enter into such covenant with such successor if such successor certifies to the satisfaction of the commissioner that such successor complies with subparagraphs (A), (B) and (C) of this subsection. The commissioner may enter into a covenant not to sue with any lending institution to whom a prospective purchaser of contaminated real property conveys a security interest in such property provided such institution has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the commissioner that such institution did not establish or create a facility or condition at or on such property which reasonably can be expected to create a source of pollution to the waters of the state for purposes of section 22a-432 and has not maintained any such facility or condition at such property for purposes of said section, and such institution is not responsible pursuant to any other provision of the general statutes for any pollution or source of pollution on the property. Any covenant issued to a lending institution under this section shall be effective with respect to any lending institution which is a successor in interest to the original lending institution provided such successor lending institution did not establish or create a facility or condition at or on such property which reasonably can be expected to create a source of pollution to the waters of the state for purposes of section 22a-432 and has not maintained any such facility or condition at such property for purposes of said section, and such institution is not responsible pursuant to any other provision of the general statutes for any pollution or source of pollution on the property.

(b) Any covenant entered into under this section shall release only those claims said commissioner may have which are related to pollution or contamination on or emanating from the property, which contamination resulted from a discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration on such property prior to the effective date of the covenant. Such covenant shall provide that the commissioner will not take any action against the holder of the covenant to require remediation of the parcel or any other action against such holder related to such discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration unless (1) prior to the commissioner's approval of a detailed written plan for remediation pursuant to a brownfields investigation plan and remediation schedule, the commissioner finds that there is substantial noncompliance with such investigation plan and remediation schedule and there has not been a good faith effort to substantially comply therewith, (2) such property is not remediated in accordance with the detailed written plan approved by the commissioner and incorporated by reference in such covenant, (3) prior to completion of remediation in accordance with such plan, the commissioner finds that there is substantial noncompliance with any such plan and there has not been a good faith effort to substantially comply therewith, (4) remediation of the parcel in accordance with any detailed written plan for remediation did not comply with standards adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-133k which were in effect as of the effective date of either the covenant or the commissioner's approval of the detailed written plan for remediation, whichever is later, (5) if required by the standards adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-133k, an environmental use restriction has not been recorded in accordance with section 22a-133o or there has been a failure to comply with the provisions of such a restriction, (6) for a property subject to the brownfield plan and remediation schedule, the commissioner does not approve a detailed written plan for remediation, or (7) the prospective buyer or owner fails to pay the fee, including the failure to pay in accordance with any payment schedule pursuant to subsection (c) of this section.

(c) (1) Any prospective purchaser or owner receiving a covenant not to sue pursuant to this section shall pay to the commissioner a fee equal to three per cent of the value of the property for which the covenant was issued provided such property is appraised as if it were uncontaminated. Such fee shall be deposited into the Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund established under section 22a-133t. No such fee shall be required for a covenant issued to a successor in interest to the original covenant, for a covenant issued in connection with a remediation project conducted under section 22a-133m, or for a municipality or municipal economic development agency or a nonprofit economic development corporation formed to promote the common good, general welfare and economic development of a municipality that is funded, either directly or through in-kind services, in part by a municipality and such corporation's officers and directors.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision, the commissioner may approve a written payment schedule of the fee set forth in subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of this section, for a prospective purchaser or owner receiving the covenant not to sue and who has a brownfield investigation plan and remediation schedule approved by the commissioner. Any such payment schedule shall be incorporated by reference into the covenant.

(d) A covenant not to sue issued under this section may provide for continued monitoring in accordance with the remediation standards adopted under section 22a-133k, and, if further remediation is necessary based upon the results of such monitoring, that further action will be taken to remediate the property in accordance with such standards.

(e) A covenant not to sue issued under this section shall not preclude the commissioner from taking any appropriate action, including, but not limited to, any action to require remediation of the property, if he determines that the covenant not to sue was based on information provided by the person seeking the covenant which information such person knew, or had reason to know, was false or misleading.

(f) A “brownfield investigation plan and remediation schedule” means a plan and schedule for investigation, and a schedule for remediation, of any abandoned or underutilized site where redevelopment and reuse has not occurred due to the presence of pollution on the soil or groundwater that requires remediation prior to or in conjunction with the restoration, redevelopment and reuse of the property. The commissioner may determine for each property whether the commissioner will oversee the investigation and remediation of the property or whether such oversight will be delegated to a licensed environmental professional. For each property subject to a covenant under this section based on an approved brownfield investigation plan and remediation schedule, the owner or prospective purchaser shall perform all investigation and remediation activities under the direction of a licensed environmental professional, and shall ensure that all documents required to be submitted contain a written approval of a licensed environmental professional, even at properties for which the commissioner has not delegated oversight to a licensed environmental professional. Each investigation plan and remediation schedule shall provide a schedule for activities including, but not limited to, completion of the investigation of the property in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines, submittal of a complete investigation report, submittal of a detailed written plan for remediation, completion of remediation in accordance with standards adopted by said commissioner pursuant to section 22a-133k, and submittal of a final remedial action report. At a minimum, the detailed written plan for remediation shall be submitted, pursuant to the schedule, for the commissioner's review and, as appropriate, approval. If the commissioner approves the detailed written plan for remediation, the plan shall be considered incorporated by reference into the covenant not to sue. The commissioner may require submittal of other plans and reports for the commissioner's review and approval.

(g) Any prospective purchaser or municipality remediating property pursuant to the abandoned brownfield cleanup program established pursuant to section 32-768 shall qualify for a covenant not to sue from the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection without fee. Such covenant not to sue shall be transferable to subsequent owners provided the property is undergoing remediation or is remediated in accordance with subsection (f) of section 32-768.

(P.A. 96-113, S. 10, 17; P.A. 98-253, S. 4; P.A. 07-233, S. 12; P.A. 10-32, S. 86; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; 11-141, S. 11; P.A. 13-308, S. 18; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9, S. 11.)

History: P.A. 96-113 effective May 24, 1996; P.A. 98-253 authorized covenants with owners of real property under this section, required approval by the commissioner of remediation plans prior to approving covenants, and added provision in Subsec. (b)(4) re failure to comply with restriction provisions; P.A. 07-233 added Subsec. (a)(3) re investigation plan and remediation schedule, added new Subsec. (b)(1) re finding of substantial noncompliance with plan and schedule, redesignated existing Subsec. (b)(1) to (4) as Subsec. (b)(2) to (5), added Subsec. (b)(6) and (7) re nonapproval of remediation plan and failure to pay fee, redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (c)(1), exempted municipalities, municipal economic development agencies and certain nonprofit economic development corporations from fee required in Subsec. (c)(1), added Subsec. (c)(2) re payment schedules, added Subsec. (f) re brownfield investigation plan and remediation schedule and made conforming technical changes, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 10-32 made a technical change in Subsec. (b)(7), effective May 10, 2010; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsecs. (a) and (g), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-141 added Subsec. (g) re properties in abandoned brownfield cleanup program, effective July 8, 2011; P.A. 13-308 made a technical change in Subsec. (g), effective July 1, 2013; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9 amended Subsec. (b)(5) by changing “environmental land use restriction” to “environmental use restriction”, effective October 2, 2020.

Sec. 22a-133bb. Covenant not to sue prospective purchasers or owners of contaminated real property. Approval of remediation plan by licensed environmental professional. (a) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall enter into a covenant not to sue with any prospective purchaser or owner of contaminated real property provided (1) the owner or purchaser certifies that there is a detailed written plan for remediation of the property, in accordance with standards adopted by said commissioner pursuant to section 22a-133k, approved by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, which plan shall be incorporated by reference in the covenant, (2) the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection has approved a final remedial action report for such property and the person requesting a covenant certifies that there has been no discharge after the date of such approval, (3) a detailed written plan for remediation of the property in accordance with such regulations has been approved by a licensed environmental professional, which plan shall be incorporated by reference in the covenant and such plan shall be implemented pursuant to section 22a-133x, 22a-133y or 22a-134a, (4) a licensed environmental professional has verified, pursuant to section 22a-133x or 22a-134a, that the property has been remediated in accordance with such standards and the person requesting a covenant certifies that there has been no discharge after the date of such approval, or (5) a licensed environmental professional has approved a final remedial action report pursuant to section 22a-133y and the person requesting a covenant certifies that there has been no discharge after the date of such approval. No licensed environmental professional shall approve a detailed written plan for remediation or a final remedial action report unless such professional certifies that the property has been investigated in a thorough manner and the licensed environmental professional has investigated the property using reasonable care and diligence applying the knowledge and skill ordinarily required of a professional in good standing practicing in the field at the time the investigation was undertaken.

(b) No such covenant may be entered into unless such owner or purchaser has certified to the commissioner that such owner or purchaser (1) did not establish or create a facility or condition at or on such property which reasonably can be expected to create a source of pollution to the waters of the state for purposes of section 22a-432; (2) is not affiliated with any person responsible for such pollution or source of pollution through any direct or indirect familial relationship or any contractual, corporate or financial relationship other than a relationship by which such owner's interest in such property is to be conveyed or financed; and (3) will redevelop the property for productive use or continue productive use of such property.

(c) The commissioner shall enter into a covenant not to sue with any lending institution to whom such owner conveys a security interest in such property provided such institution has certified to the commissioner that such institution did not establish or create a facility or condition at or on such property which reasonably can be expected to create a source of pollution to the waters of the state for purposes of section 22a-432 and has not maintained any such facility or condition at such property for purposes of said section, and such institution is not responsible pursuant to any other provision of the general statutes for any pollution or source of pollution on the property. Any covenant issued to a lending institution under this section shall be effective with respect to any lending institution which is a successor in interest to the original lending institution provided such successor lending institution did not establish or create a facility or condition at or on such property which reasonably can be expected to create a source of pollution to the waters of the state for purposes of section 22a-432 and has not maintained any such facility or condition at such property for purposes of said section, and such institution is not responsible pursuant to any other provision of the general statutes for any pollution or source of pollution on the property.

(d) Any covenant entered into under this section shall release claims said commissioner may have which are related to pollution or contamination on or emanating from the property, which contamination resulted from a discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration on such property prior to the effective date of the covenant. Such covenant shall provide that the commissioner will not take any action to require remediation of the parcel or any other action related to such discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration unless (1) such property is not remediated in accordance with the detailed written plan submitted to the commissioner and incorporated by reference in such covenant, (2) prior to completion of remediation in accordance with such plan, the commissioner finds that there is substantial noncompliance with such plan and there has not been a good faith effort to substantially comply therewith, (3) remediation of the property in accordance with such plan did not comply with standards adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-133k which were in effect as of the date of the covenant, or (4) if required by the standards adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-133k, an environmental use restriction has not been recorded in accordance with section 22a-133o or if the provisions of an environmental use restriction were not complied with.

(e) A covenant not to sue issued under this section may provide for continued monitoring in accordance with such standards and, if further remediation is necessary based upon the results of such monitoring, that further action will be taken to remediate the property in accordance with such standards.

(f) A covenant not to sue issued under this section shall not preclude the commissioner from taking any appropriate action, including, but not limited to, any action to require remediation of the property, if he determines that (1) the covenant not to sue was based on information provided by the person seeking the covenant which information such person knew, or had reason to know, was false or misleading, (2) new information confirms the existence of previously unknown contamination which resulted from a discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration which occurred prior to the effective date of the covenant, or (3) the threat to human health or the environment is increased beyond an acceptable level due to substantial changes in exposure conditions at such property, including, but not limited to, a change from nonresidential to residential use of such property.

(g) The commissioner shall issue the covenant not later than forty-five days after the date he receives the certifications and all other documents required under this section.

(P.A. 96-113, S. 11, 17; P.A. 98-253, S. 5; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9, S. 12.)

History: P.A. 96-113 effective May 24, 1996; P.A. 98-253 added provisions re approval of remediation plans by licensed environmental professionals, authorized and added provisions re covenants with prospective purchasers under this section, designated portions of existing Subsec. (a) as Subsecs. (b) and (c), redesignated existing Subsecs. (b), (d) and (e) as Subsecs. (d), (e) and (f), deleted former Subsec. (c) re payment of review fee, and added new Subsec. (g) re a time limit for issuance of the covenant; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2011; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9 amended Subsec. (d)(4) by changing “environmental land use restriction” to “environmental use restriction”, effective October 2, 2020.

Sec. 22a-133cc. Submission of information for covenant not to sue. Any person seeking a covenant not to sue under sections 22a-133aa and 22-133bb shall submit to the commissioner sufficient information to allow the commissioner to make any determination required in said sections.

(P.A. 96-113, S. 12, 17.)

History: P.A. 96-113 effective May 24, 1996.

Sec. 22a-133dd. Entry onto property to perform environmental site assessment or investigation on behalf of municipality. (a) Any municipality or any licensed environmental professional employed or retained by a municipality may enter, without liability upon any property within such municipality for the purpose of performing an environmental site assessment or investigation on behalf of the municipality if: (1) The owner of such property cannot be located; (2) such property is encumbered by a lien for taxes due such municipality; (3) upon a filing of a notice of eminent domain; (4) the municipality's legislative body finds that such investigation is in the public interest to determine if the property is underutilized or should be included in any undertaking of development, redevelopment or remediation pursuant to this chapter or chapter 130, 132 or 581; or (5) any official of the municipality reasonably finds such investigation necessary to determine if such property presents a risk to the safety, health or welfare of the public or a risk to the environment. A Connecticut brownfield land bank or any licensed environmental professional employed or retained by such Connecticut brownfield land bank may enter, without liability, upon any property subject to a land banking agreement between such Connecticut brownfield land bank and the municipality in which such property is located for the purpose of performing an environmental site assessment or investigation on behalf of such Connecticut brownfield land bank if: (A) Such environmental site assessment or investigation is required under a land banking agreement between such municipality and such Connecticut brownfield land bank, and such municipality is otherwise authorized under this subsection to enter such property without liability, or (B) the property owner has entered into a voluntary agreement with such municipality or such land bank for the performance of an environmental site assessment or investigation. The municipality or, if applicable, the Connecticut brownfield land bank shall give at least forty-five days' notice of such entry before the first such entry by certified mail to the property owner's last-known address of record.

(b) A municipality or Connecticut brownfield land bank accessing or entering a property to perform an investigation pursuant to this section shall not be liable for preexisting conditions pursuant to section 22a-432, 22a-433, 22a-451 or 22a-452, or to the property owner or any third party, provided the municipality or Connecticut brownfield land bank (1) did not establish, cause or contribute to the discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of such hazardous substance, material, waste or pollution; (2) does not negligently or recklessly exacerbate the conditions; and (3) complies with reporting of significant environmental hazard requirements pursuant to section 22a-6u. To the extent that any conditions are negligently or recklessly exacerbated, the municipality or Connecticut brownfield land bank shall only be responsible for responding to contamination exacerbated by its activities.

(c) The owner of the property may object to such access and entry by the municipality or Connecticut brownfield land bank by filing an action in the Superior Court not later than thirty days after receipt of the notice provided pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, provided any objection be limited to the issue of whether access is necessary and only upon proof by the owner that the owner has (1) completed or is in the process of completing in a timely manner a comprehensive environmental site assessment or investigation report; (2) provided the party seeking access with a copy of the assessment or report or will do so not later than thirty days after the delivery of such assessment or report to the owner; and (3) paid any delinquent property taxes assessed against the property for which access is being sought.

(d) For purposes of this section, (1) “municipality” includes any (A) municipality, (B) municipal economic development agency or entity created or operating under chapter 130 or 132, (C) nonprofit economic development corporation formed to promote the common good, general welfare and economic development of a municipality that is funded, either directly or through in-kind services, in part by a municipality, or (D) nonstock corporation or limited liability company established and controlled by a municipality, municipal economic development agency or entity created or operating under chapter 130 or 132; and (2) “Connecticut brownfield land bank” has the same meaning as provided in section 32-760.

(P.A. 98-253, S. 12; P.A. 08-174, S. 6; P.A. 09-235, S. 6; P.A. 17-214, S. 8.)

History: P.A. 08-174 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and amended same to add provisions re municipalities, insert “to any person other than the Commissioner of Environmental Protection” provision, add Subdiv. (4) re investigations in the public interest and Subdiv. (5) re investigations to determine risk to the public or environment and make technical changes, added Subsec. (b) re liability pursuant to Sec. 22a-432 and added Subsec. (c) re property owner's right to object to access and entry, effective June 13, 2008; P.A. 09-235 amended Subsec. (a) to delete “to any person other than the Commissioner of Environmental Protection”, amended Subsec. (b) to delete provision re protection from liability pursuant to Sec. 22a-432 except for negligent or reckless investigations and add provisions re protection from liability for preexisting conditions pursuant to Sec. 22a-432, 22a-433, 22a-451 or 22a-452, amended Subsec. (c) to add provisions limiting objection to issue of whether access is necessary and delete provision re owner affirmatively representing it is diligently investigating site and any taxes will be paid, and added Subsec. (d) defining “municipality”, effective July 9, 2009; P.A. 17-214 amended Subsec (a) by adding provisions re entry on property by Connecticut brownfield land banks and licensed environmental professionals employed by land banks, amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) by adding “or Connecticut brownfield land bank”, and amended Subsec. (d) by designating existing provision defining “municipality” as Subdiv. (1), adding Subpara. (A) to (D) designators and adding Subdiv. (2) defining “Connecticut brownfield land bank”, effective July 1, 2017.

Sec. 22a-133ee. Liability of owner of real property for pollution that occurred or existed prior to taking title. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, and except as provided in this section, no owner of real property shall be liable for any costs or damages to any person other than this state, any other state or the federal government, with respect to any pollution or source of pollution on or emanating from such owner's real property that occurred or existed prior to such owner taking title to such property, provided:

(1) The owner did not establish or create a condition or facility at or on such property that reasonably can be expected, as determined by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, to create a source of pollution to the waters of the state for purposes of section 22a-432 and such owner is not responsible pursuant to any other provision of the general statutes for creating any pollution or source of pollution on such property;

(2) The owner is not affiliated with any person responsible for such pollution or source of pollution through any direct or indirect familial relationship, or any contractual, corporate or financial relationship other than that by which such owner's interest in the property was conveyed or financed; and

(3) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection has approved in writing: (A) An investigation report regarding such pollution or sources of pollution, provided the investigation was conducted in accordance with the prevailing standards and guidelines by an environmental professional licensed in accordance with section 22a-133v; and (B) a final remedial action report prepared by a licensed environmental professional that demonstrates that remediation of such pollution and sources of pollution was completed in accordance with the remediation standards in regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k. Prior to the initiation of an investigation or a remediation undertaken to meet the criteria of this section, an owner of the subject real property shall notify, by certified mail, the owners of the adjoining properties of such initiation. Such reports shall be forwarded, by certified mail, to the owners of the adjoining properties.

(b) This section shall not relieve any such liability where (1) an owner failed to file or comply with the provisions of an environmental use restriction created pursuant to section 22a-133o for such real property or with the conditions of a variance for the real property that was approved by the commissioner in accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k, or (2) the commissioner, at any time, determines that an owner provided information that the owner knew or had reason to know was false or misleading or otherwise failed to satisfy all of the requirements of subsection (a) of this section. Nothing in this section shall be construed to relieve an owner of any liability for pollution or sources of pollution on or emanating from such property that occurred or were created after the owner took title to such property. Nothing in this section shall be construed to hold an innocent landowner, as defined in section 22a-452d, who meets the requirements of this section liable to this state for costs or damages in an amount greater than the amount that an innocent landowner may be held liable pursuant to section 22a-432.

(c) If an owner of real property is found to be liable under this section because the owner is affiliated with the person responsible for the pollution or source of pollution, as provided in subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section, such owner shall be liable for a civil penalty of one hundred thousand dollars or the cost of remediating the pollution or source of pollution, whichever is greater.

(P.A. 05-90, S. 1; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9, S. 13.)

History: Pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2011; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9 amended Subsec. (b)(1) by changing “environmental land use restriction” to “environmental use restriction”, effective October 2, 2020.

Sec. 22a-133ff. Municipal liability for easement acquired for recreational use. (a) For purposes of this section, “charge” has the same meaning as provided in section 52-557f, except that “charge” does not include tax revenue collected pursuant to title 12 by any owner, as defined in said section 52-557f, “hazardous waste” has the same meaning as provided in section 22a-115, and “pollution” has the same meaning as provided in section 22a-423.

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or regulations to the contrary, any municipality with a population greater than ninety thousand people that acquires an easement over property of another that is duly recorded on the land records for the purpose of making the property included in such easement available to the public for recreational use without charge, rent, fee or other commercial service shall not be liable to the state for any fines, penalties or costs of investigation or remediation with respect to any pollution or source of pollution or contamination by hazardous waste on or emanating from such easement area, provided such pollution or source of pollution or contamination by hazardous waste (1) occurred or existed on such property prior to the municipality's acquisition of such easement, and (2) was not caused or created by or contributed to by such municipality or by an agent of such municipality and provided such municipality, or the use of such easement area by the public, does not contribute to or exacerbate such existing pollution or source of pollution or contamination by hazardous waste or prevent the investigation or remediation of such pollution or contamination. Such municipality shall not interfere with, and shall provide access to, other persons who are investigating and remediating any such pollution or source of pollution or contamination by hazardous waste. This section does not limit or affect the liability of the owner or operator of the property on which such easement is located under any other provision of law, including, but not limited to, any obligation to address any such pollution or source of pollution or contamination by hazardous waste, or from any fines or penalties.

(c) Any municipality that acquires an easement for recreational use as provided in subsection (b) of this section shall ensure that any pollution or source of pollution or contamination from hazardous waste, on or emanating from such easement area, does not pose a risk to the public based upon the use of such easement.

(P.A. 11-61, S. 140; 11-141, S. 20.)

History: P.A. 11-61 amended Subsec. (a) to redefine “charge”.

Sec. 22a-133gg. Evaluation of risk-based decision making for remediation of contaminated sites. Report. Statutory and regulatory recommendations. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, in consultation with the Commissioner of Public Health, shall evaluate risk-based decision making related to the remediation of contaminated sites. The commissioner shall, within existing resources, engage independent experts in the field, with broad national experience, to conduct such evaluation and prepare a report that includes an assessment of the existing process of risk-based decision making including risk assessment and risk management tools utilized to protect public health, general welfare and the environment. Such evaluation and report shall also include identification of best practices in ecological and human health risk assessment and risk management used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and other regulatory agencies, and those published by the National Academy of Sciences. The commissioner shall provide opportunities for public review and input during the evaluation process. Upon completion of the evaluation and report, the commissioner shall consider the evaluation and report and make recommendations for statutory and regulatory changes to the risk-based decision making process including, but not limited to, those in section 22a-6u not later than October 1, 2014. For purposes of this section, “commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection.

(P.A. 13-308, S. 28.)

History: P.A. 13-308 effective July 12, 2013.

Sec. 22a-133hh. Unified clean-up program regulations. Required provisions. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, in any regulation that the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection adopts on or after July 1, 2014, concerning the establishment of a unified clean-up program to address releases, including oil and hazardous substances, the commissioner shall include provisions that shorten the time frames within which the commissioner shall determine whether to audit a final verification submitted by a licensed environmental professional or other person, if authorized by law, and to indicate at the end of such process that no further action is required, including reopeners, as appropriate.

(P.A. 13-308, S. 29.)

History: P.A. 13-308 effective July 12, 2013.

Sec. 22a-133ii. Brownfield liability relief program. Application. Eligibility. Liability. Plan and schedule for remediation and redevelopment. Acceptance in program. (a) For the purposes of this section:

(1) “Applicant” means any (A) municipality, (B) economic development agency or entity established pursuant to chapter 130 or 132, (C) nonprofit economic development corporation formed to promote the common good, general welfare and economic development of a municipality and that is funded, either directly or through in-kind services, in part by a municipality, (D) a nonstock corporation or limited liability company controlled or established by a municipality, municipal economic development agency or entity created or operating pursuant to chapter 130 or 132, or (E) Connecticut brownfield land bank, as defined in section 32-760;

(2) “Municipality” has the same meaning as provided in section 8-187;

(3) “Brownfield” has the same meaning as provided in section 32-760;

(4) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(5) “Regulated substance” means any oil or petroleum or chemical liquid or solid, liquid or gaseous product or hazardous waste; and

(6) “Person” has the same meaning as provided in section 22a-2.

(b) There is established a brownfield liability relief program to assist applicants with the redevelopment of eligible brownfields and to provide such applicants with liability relief for such brownfields. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall administer such relief program and accept brownfields into such program based on the eligibility criteria, as established in this section.

(c) Prior to acquiring a brownfield, any applicant may apply to the commissioner, on such forms as the commissioner prescribes, to obtain liability relief as described in subsection (d) of this section. Any brownfield shall be eligible for the program if the commissioner determines that: (1) The property is a brownfield; (2) such applicant intends to acquire title to such brownfield for the purpose of redeveloping or facilitating the redevelopment of such brownfield; (3) such applicant did not establish or create a facility or condition at or on such brownfield that can reasonably be expected to create a source of pollution, as defined in section 22a-423, to the waters of the state; (4) such applicant is not affiliated with any person responsible for such pollution or source of pollution through any contractual, corporate or financial relationship other than a municipality's exercise of such municipality's police, regulatory or tax powers or a contractual relationship in which such person's interest in such brownfield will be conveyed or financed; (5) such applicant is not otherwise required by law, an order or consent order issued by the commissioner or a stipulated judgment to remediate pollution on or emanating from such brownfield; and (6) such brownfield and applicant meet any other criteria that said commissioner deems necessary.

(d) (1) Upon the acceptance of any brownfield into such program by the commissioner and upon such applicant taking title to such property, such applicant shall not be liable to the state or any person for the release of any regulated substance at or from the eligible brownfield that occurred prior to such applicant taking title to such brownfield, except such applicant shall be liable to the state or any person to the extent that such applicant caused or contributed to the release of a regulated substance that is subject to remediation and to the extent that such applicant negligently or recklessly exacerbated the condition of such brownfield.

(2) Any applicant that owns a brownfield that is accepted in such brownfield liability relief program shall not be liable to the commissioner or any person under section 22a-427, 22a-430, 22a-432, 22a-433, 22a-451 or 22a-452 nor under any theory of common law for any prior existing condition on such brownfield or any existing condition on such brownfield property as of the date of taking title to such brownfield provided such applicant (A) did not establish, cause or contribute to the discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of such hazardous substance, material, waste or pollution, (B) does not exacerbate any such condition on such brownfield, (C) complies with the reporting and mitigation or abatement of significant environmental hazard requirements in section 22a-6u, and (D) makes good faith efforts to minimize the risk to public health and the environment posed by such brownfield and the conditions or materials present at such brownfield. To the extent that any preexisting releases on such brownfield are exacerbated by such applicant, such applicant shall only be responsible for responding to contamination exacerbated by such applicant's negligent or reckless activities.

(e) After acceptance of any brownfield into such program by the commissioner and upon such applicant taking title to such property, such applicant shall (1) submit a plan and schedule that outlines an applicant's intention to facilitate the investigation, remediation and redevelopment of such brownfield; and (2) continue to minimize risk to public health and the environment potentially posed by such brownfield and the conditions and materials present at such brownfield.

(f) The commissioner shall determine whether an application submitted pursuant to this section is complete. If the commissioner determines that an application is complete and that such brownfield and applicant meet the requirements for eligibility, as established in subsection (c) of this section, the commissioner shall notify such applicant that such brownfield has been accepted into the brownfield liability relief program.

(g) Acceptance of a brownfield in such brownfield liability relief program shall not limit such applicant's or any other person's ability to seek funding for such brownfield under any other brownfield grant or loan program administered by the Department of Economic and Community Development or the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

(h) Acceptance of a brownfield in such brownfield liability relief program shall exempt such applicant from the requirement to file as an establishment pursuant to sections 22a-134a to 22a-134d, inclusive, if such brownfield constitutes an establishment, as defined in section 22a-134.

(P.A. 13-308, S. 30; P.A. 17-214, S. 9; P.A. 19-22, S. 2.)

History: P.A. 13-308 effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 17-214 amended Subsec. (a)(1) by redefining “applicant”, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 19-22 amended Subsec. (g) to delete reference to Connecticut Brownfield Redevelopment Authority, effective June 13, 2019.

Sec. 22a-134. Transfer of hazardous waste establishments: Definitions. For the purposes of this section and sections 22a-134a to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i:

(1) “Transfer of establishment” means any transaction or proceeding, on or before the date regulations are adopted pursuant to section 22a-134tt, through which an establishment undergoes a change in ownership, but does not mean:

(A) Conveyance or extinguishment of an easement;

(B) Conveyance of an establishment through (i) a foreclosure, as defined in subsection (b) of section 22a-452f, (ii) foreclosure of a municipal tax lien pursuant to section 12-181, (iii) a tax warrant sale pursuant to section 12-157, (iv) a transfer of title to a municipality by deed in lieu of foreclosure, (v) an exercise of eminent domain by a municipality or pursuant to section 8-128, 8-169e or 8-193 or by condemnation pursuant to section 32-224 or purchase pursuant to a resolution by the legislative body of a municipality authorizing the acquisition through eminent domain for establishments that also meet the definition of a brownfield, as defined in section 32-760, or (vi) a subsequent transfer by such municipality that has acquired the property pursuant to any mechanism described in subparagraphs (B)(i) to (B)(iii), inclusive, of this subdivision or pursuant to the remedial action and redevelopment municipal grant program established in section 32-763, provided (I) the party acquiring the property from the municipality did not establish, create or contribute to the contamination at the establishment and is not affiliated with any person who established, created or contributed to such contamination or with any person who is or was an owner or certifying party for the establishment, and (II) on or before the date the party acquires the property from the municipality, such party or municipality enters and subsequently remains in the voluntary remediation program administered by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-133x and remains in compliance with schedules and approvals issued by the commissioner. For purposes of this subparagraph, subsequent transfer by a municipality includes any transfer to, from or between a municipality, municipal economic development agency or entity created or operating under chapter 130 or 132, a nonprofit economic development corporation formed to promote the common good, general welfare and economic development of a municipality that is funded, either directly or through in-kind services, in part by a municipality, a nonstock corporation or limited liability company controlled or established by a municipality, municipal economic development agency or entity created or operating under chapter 130 or 132, or a Connecticut brownfield land bank;

(C) Conveyance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure to a lender, as defined in and that qualifies for the secured lender exemption pursuant to subsection (b) of section 22a-452f;

(D) Conveyance of a security interest, as defined in subdivision (7) of subsection (b) of section 22a-452f;

(E) Termination of a lease and conveyance, assignment or execution of a lease for a period less than ninety-nine years including conveyance, assignment or execution of a lease with options or similar terms that will extend the period of the leasehold to ninety-nine years, or from the commencement of the leasehold, ninety-nine years, including conveyance, assignment or execution of a lease with options or similar terms that will extend the period of the leasehold to ninety-nine years, or from the commencement of the leasehold;

(F) Any change in ownership approved by the Probate Court;

(G) Devolution of title to a surviving joint tenant, or to a trustee, executor or administrator under the terms of a testamentary trust or will, or by intestate succession;

(H) Corporate reorganization not substantially affecting the ownership of the establishment;

(I) The issuance of stock or other securities of an entity which owns or operates an establishment;

(J) The transfer of stock, securities or other ownership interests representing fifty per cent or less of the ownership of the entity that owns or operates the establishment;

(K) Any conveyance of an interest in an establishment where the transferor is the sibling, spouse, child, parent, grandparent, child of a sibling or sibling of a parent of the transferee;

(L) Conveyance of an interest in an establishment to a trustee of an inter vivos trust created by the transferor solely for the benefit of one or more siblings, spouses, children, parents, grandchildren, children of a sibling or siblings of a parent of the transferor;

(M) Any conveyance of a portion of a parcel upon which portion no establishment is or has been located and upon which there has not occurred a discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste, provided either the area of such portion is not greater than fifty per cent of the area of such parcel or written notice of such proposed conveyance and an environmental condition assessment form for such parcel is provided to the commissioner sixty days prior to such conveyance;

(N) Conveyance of a service station, as defined in subdivision (5) of this section;

(O) Any conveyance of an establishment which, prior to July 1, 1997, had been developed solely for residential use and such use has not changed;

(P) Any conveyance of an establishment to any entity created or operating under chapter 130 or 132, or to an urban rehabilitation agency, as defined in section 8-292, or to a municipality under section 32-224, or to Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated or any subsidiary of the corporation;

(Q) Any conveyance of a parcel in connection with the acquisition of properties to effectuate the development of the overall project, as defined in section 32-651;

(R) The conversion of a general or limited partnership to a limited liability company;

(S) The transfer of general partnership property held in the names of all of its general partners to a general partnership which includes as general partners immediately after the transfer all of the same persons as were general partners immediately prior to the transfer;

(T) The transfer of general partnership property held in the names of all of its general partners to a limited liability company which includes as members immediately after the transfer all of the same persons as were general partners immediately prior to the transfer;

(U) Acquisition of an establishment by any governmental or quasi-governmental condemning authority;

(V) Conveyance of a unit in a residential common interest community;

(W) Acquisition and all subsequent transfers of an establishment (i) that is in the abandoned brownfield cleanup program established pursuant to section 32-768 or the brownfield remediation and revitalization program established pursuant to section 32-769, provided such establishment is in compliance with any applicable provisions of the general statutes, or (ii) by a Connecticut brownfield land bank, provided such establishment was entered into a remediation or liability relief program under section 22a-133x, 22a-133y, 32-768 or 32-769 and the transferor of such establishment is in compliance with such program at the time of transfer of such establishment or has completed the requirements of such program;

(X) Any transfer of title from a municipality to a nonprofit organization or from any entity to a nonprofit organization, as ordered or approved by a bankruptcy court;

(Y) Conveyance from the Department of Transportation to the Connecticut Airport Authority of any properties comprising (i) Bradley International Airport and all related improvements and facilities now in existence and as hereafter acquired, added, extended, improved and equipped, including any property or facilities purchased with funds of, or revenues derived from, Bradley International Airport, and any other property or facilities allocated by the state, the Connecticut Airport Authority or otherwise to Bradley International Airport, (ii) the state-owned and operated general aviation airports, including Danielson Airport, Groton/New London Airport, Hartford Brainard Airport, Waterbury-Oxford Airport and Windham Airport and any such other airport as may be owned, operated or managed by the Connecticut Airport Authority and designated as general aviation airports, (iii) any other airport as may be owned, operated or managed by the Connecticut Airport Authority, and (iv) any airport site or any part thereof, including, but not limited to, any restricted landing areas and any air navigation facilities; or

(Z) The change in the name of a limited liability company as an amendment to such company's certificate of organization, pursuant to section 34-247a.

(2) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection or the designated agent of the commissioner;

(3) “Establishment” means any real property at which or any business operation from which (A) on or after November 19, 1980, there was generated more than one hundred kilograms of hazardous waste in any one month, (B) hazardous waste generated at a different location was recycled, reclaimed, reused, stored, handled, treated, transported or disposed of, (C) the process of dry cleaning was conducted on or after May 1, 1967, (D) furniture stripping was conducted on or after May 1, 1967, or (E) a vehicle body repair facility was located on or after May 1, 1967. For the purposes of subparagraph (A) of this subdivision, “hazardous waste” does not include universal waste. For the purposes of filing a Form I, Form II, Form III or Form IV after October 1, 2020, if a property or business operation is an establishment, such establishment includes the entire parcel or parcels on which any such establishment is located, except as otherwise provided in this subdivision. If a property is or has been leased to two or more tenants or is or was simultaneously occupied by the owner of such property and a tenant, “establishment” means the areas on which the business operation is or was located, including the entire portion of the property leased to such business operation and any other area of such property used or occupied by such business operation. If a property is a commercial or industrial unit in a common interest community, “establishment” means the unit, the limited common elements under exclusive use of the unit owner on which the establishment is or was operated and any portion of the common area used or occupied by such unit owner. If a business operation is an establishment, such establishment includes the real property on which such business operation is or was located and the entire portion of such property used or occupied by such business operation. “Establishment” does not include any real property or any business operation from which more than one hundred kilograms of hazardous waste was generated in any one month solely as a result of either:

(i) The one-time generation of hazardous waste in any one month, as a result of either the first time such waste was generated or such a one-time generation since the last time a Form I, Form II, Form III or Form IV was required to be submitted; or

(ii) One or more of the following:

(I) Remediation of polluted soil, groundwater or sediment;

(II) The removal or abatement of building materials or removal of materials used for maintaining or operating a building;

(III) The removal of unused chemicals or materials as a result of the emptying or clearing out of a building, provided such removal is supported by facts reasonably established at the time of such removal; or

(IV) The complete cessation of a business operation, provided the waste is removed not later than ninety days after such cessation and such cessation is supported by facts reasonably established at the time of such cessation. “Establishment” does not include any real property or business operation that qualifies as an establishment solely as a result of the generation of more than one hundred kilograms of universal waste in a calendar month, the storage, handling or transportation of universal waste generated at a different location, or activities undertaken at a universal waste transfer facility, provided any such real property or business operation does not otherwise qualify as an establishment; there has been no discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of a universal waste or a constituent of universal waste that is a hazardous substance at or from such real property or business operation; and universal waste is not also recycled, treated, except for treatment of a universal waste pursuant to 40 CFR 273.13(a)(2) or (c)(2) or 40 CFR 273.33(a)(2) or (c)(2), or disposed of at such real property or business operation. When transferring real property or a business that comprises the entire establishment, such real property or business shall not be an establishment if the conditions set forth in subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection (l) of section 22a-134a apply to such real property or business, and the time for the commissioner to conduct an audit pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (g) of section 22a-134a passed without the commissioner requiring any further action or the commissioner issued a no audit letter or a successful audit closure letter pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (g) of section 22a-134a;

(4) “Hazardous waste” means any waste which is (A) hazardous waste identified in accordance with Section 3001 of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, 42 USC 6901 et seq., (B) hazardous waste identified by regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, or (C) polychlorinated biphenyls in concentrations greater than fifty parts per million except that sewage, sewage sludge and lead paint abatement wastes shall not be considered to be hazardous waste for the purposes of this section and sections 22a-134a to 22a-134d, inclusive;

(5) “Service station” means a retail operation involving the resale of motor vehicle fuel including, but not limited to, gasoline, diesel fuel and kerosene and which operation does not otherwise meet the definition of an establishment;

(6) “Certifying party” means, in the case of a Form III or Form IV, a person associated with the transfer of an establishment who signs a Form III or Form IV and who agrees to investigate the parcel in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and to remediate pollution caused by any release at the establishment in accordance with the remediation standards and, in the case of a Form I or Form II, a transferor of an establishment who signs the certification on a Form I or II;

(7) “Party associated with the transfer of an establishment” means (A) the present or past owner or operator of the establishment, (B) the owner of the real property on which the establishment is located, (C) the transferor, transferee, lender, guarantor or indemnitor, (D) the business entity which operates or operated the establishment, or (E) the state;

(8) “Remediation standards” means regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-133k;

(9) “Parcel” means piece, parcel or tract of land which constitutes an establishment, as defined in subdivision (3) of this section, or on which is or was located any business operation which constitutes an establishment;

(10) “Form I” means a written certification by the transferor of an establishment on a form prescribed and provided by the commissioner that: (A) No discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste or a hazardous substance has occurred at the establishment which certification is based on an investigation of the parcel in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines, or (B) no discharge spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste has occurred at the establishment based upon an investigation of the parcel in accordance with the prevailing standards and guidelines and the commissioner has determined, in writing, or a licensed environmental professional has verified, in writing, that any discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of a hazardous substance has been remediated in accordance with the remediation standards and that since any such written approval or verification, including any approval or verification for a portion of an establishment, no discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste or hazardous substances has occurred at any portion of the establishment;

(11) “Form II” means a written certification by the transferor of an establishment on a form prescribed and provided by the commissioner that the parcel has been investigated in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and that (A) any pollution caused by a discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste or a hazardous substance which has occurred from the establishment has been remediated in accordance with the remediation standards and that the remediation has been approved in writing by the commissioner or has been verified pursuant to section 22a-133x or 22a-134a, in writing, attached to such form by a licensed environmental professional to have been performed in accordance with the remediation standards and that since any such written approval or verification, including any approval or verification for a portion of an establishment, no discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste or hazardous substances has occurred at any portion of the establishment, (B) the commissioner has determined in writing or a licensed environmental professional has verified pursuant to section 22a-133x or 22a-134a, in writing, attached to the form that no remediation is necessary to achieve compliance with the remediation standards, or (C) a Form IV verification was previously submitted to the commissioner and, since the date of the submission of the Form IV, no discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste or a hazardous substance has occurred at the establishment, which certification is based on an investigation of the parcel in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines;

(12) “Form III” means a written certification signed by a certifying party on a form prescribed and provided by the commissioner, which certification states that (A) a discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste or a hazardous substance has occurred at the establishment or the environmental conditions at the establishment are unknown, and (B) that the person signing the certification agrees to investigate the parcel in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and to remediate pollution caused by any release of a hazardous waste or hazardous substance from the establishment in accordance with the remediation standards;

(13) “Form IV” means a written certification signed by one or more certifying parties on a form prescribed and provided by the commissioner and which is accompanied by a written determination by the commissioner or by a verification by a licensed environmental professional pursuant to section 22a-134a or 22a-133x, which certification states and is accompanied by documentation demonstrating that the parcel has been investigated in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and that (A) there has been a discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste or a hazardous substance on the establishment, and (B) all actions to remediate any pollution caused by any release at the establishment have been taken in accordance with the remediation standards except groundwater monitoring or the recording of an environmental use restriction, and (C) the person or persons signing the certification agree, in accordance with the representations made in the form, to conduct groundwater monitoring in accordance with the remediation standards and if further investigation and remediation are necessary to take further action to investigate the establishment in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and to remediate the establishment in accordance with the remediation standards;

(14) “Person” means person, as defined in section 22a-2;

(15) “Remediate” means to contain, remove or abate pollution, potential sources of pollution and substances in soil or sediment which pose an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment and includes, but is not limited to, the reduction of pollution by natural attenuation;

(16) “Licensed environmental professional” means an environmental professional licensed pursuant to section 22a-133v;

(17) “Environmental condition assessment form” means a form prescribed and provided by the commissioner, prepared under the supervision of a licensed environmental professional, and executed by (A) the certifying party under sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, or (B) the owner of the property under section 22a-133x which form describes the environmental conditions at the parcel;

(18) “Pollution” means pollution, as defined in section 22a-423;

(19) “Verification” means the rendering of a written opinion by a licensed environmental professional on a form prescribed by the commissioner that an investigation of the parcel has been performed in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and that the establishment has been remediated in accordance with the remediation standards;

(20) “Vehicle” means any motorized device for conveying persons or objects except for an aircraft, boat, railroad car or engine, or farm tractor;

(21) “Business operation” means any business that has, or any series of substantially similar businesses that have, operated continuously or with only brief interruption on the same parcel, either with a single owner or successive owners;

(22) “Corporate reorganization not substantially affecting the ownership of an establishment” means implementation of a business plan to restructure a corporation through a merger, spin-off or other plan or reorganization under which the direct owner of the establishment does not change;

(23) “Form IV verification” means the rendering of a written opinion by a licensed environmental professional, after a Form IV has been filed, that groundwater monitoring or the recording of an environmental use restriction has been completed in accordance with the Form IV;

(24) “Hazardous substance” means hazardous substance, as defined in Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, 42 USC 9601, or a petroleum product or by-product for which there are remediation standards adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k or for which such remediation standards have a process for calculating the numeric criteria of such substance;

(25) “Sediment” means unconsolidated material occurring in a stream, pond, wetland estuary or other water body;

(26) “Universal waste” means batteries, pesticides, thermostats, lamps and used electronics regulated as a universal waste under regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (c) of section 22a-449. “Universal waste” does not mean (A) batteries, pesticides, thermostats and lamps that are not covered under 40 CFR Part 273, or (B) used electronics that are not regulated as a universal waste under regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (c) of section 22a-449;

(27) “Universal waste transfer facility” means any facility related to transportation, including loading docks, parking areas, storage areas and other similar areas where shipments of universal waste are held during the normal course of transportation for ten days or less;

(28) “Interim verification” means a written opinion by a licensed environmental professional, on a form prescribed by the commissioner, that (A) the investigation has been performed in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines, (B) the remediation has been completed in accordance with the remediation standards, except that, for remediation standards for groundwater, the selected remedy is in operation but has not achieved the remediation standards for groundwater, (C) identifies the long-term remedy being implemented to achieve groundwater standards, the estimated duration of such remedy, and the ongoing operation and maintenance requirements for continued operation of such remedy, and (D) there are no current exposure pathways to the groundwater area that have not yet met the remediation standards;

(29) “Connecticut brownfield land bank” has the same meaning as provided in section 32-760.

(P.A. 85-568, S. 2; P.A. 87-475, S. 1; P.A. 95-183, S. 1; P.A. 96-113, S. 1, 17; P.A. 97-218, S. 1; P.A. 98-253, S. 2; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 35, 43; P.A. 99-225, S. 6; 99-241, S. 56, 66; P.A. 00-140, S. 24, 40; P.A. 01-204, S. 15; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 73, 131; P.A. 03-19, S. 58–61; 03-218, S. 5, 6; P.A. 06-76, S. 11, 13, 14; 06-184, S. 3; P.A. 07-81, S. 3; P.A. 08-124, S. 15, 16; P.A. 09-235, S. 2, 8; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; 11-141, S. 10; 11-241, S. 53; P.A. 12-32, S. 7; 12-183, S. 6, 7; 12-196, S. 2, 3; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, S. 152; P.A. 13-308, S. 19, 20; P.A. 14-88, S. 2, 3; P.A. 17-214, S. 10, 11; P.A. 19-75, S. 1; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 87-475 redefined “establishment” to apply to those operating on or after May 1, 1967, and to include dry cleaning, furniture stripping, painting and auto body operations and added definitions of “service stations” and “transfer of a service station”; P.A. 95-183 added Subdiv. (1) (A) to (M), inclusive, re exclusions from the definition of “transfer of establishment”; amended Subdiv. (3) to redefine “establishment” to mean any real property or business operation from which on and after November 1, 1980, there was generated, except as the result of remediation activities, more than 100 kilograms of hazardous waste in any one month and to make other grammatical adjustments for consistency; amended Subdiv. (4) to redefine “hazardous waste” to include waste identified in accordance with the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act or by the commissioner in regulations and polychlorinated biphenyls in concentrations greater than 50 parts per million and to exclude lead paint abatement wastes; deleted former Subdiv. (5) defining “negative declaration” and renumbered the remaining Subdivs. accordingly; amended the renumbered Subdiv. (5) to specify that “service station” means a retail operation which does not otherwise meet the definition of “establishment”; amended the renumbered Subdiv. (6) to add Subparas. (A) to (M), inclusive, re exclusions from the definition of “transfer of a service station”; and added new Subdivs. (7) to (20), inclusive, providing definitions for “certifying party”, “party associated with the transfer of an establishment”, “remediation standards”, “parcel”, “Form I”, “Form II”, “Form III”, “Form IV”, “person”, “remediate”, “licensed environmental professional”, “environmental condition assessment form”, “pollution”, and “verification”; P.A. 96-113 redefined “transfer of establishment” to add provision re providing environmental condition assessment form to commissioner for conveyance of certain portions of parcels and to exclude conveyances of service stations, redefined “establishment” to make technical clarifications, deleted a definition of “transfer of a service station”, redefined “party” to explicitly include former operators of establishments and the state, redefined “Form II” to add provision re determination that no remediation is necessary, redefined “Form IV” to add provision re accompanying documentation and added the definition of “vehicle”, renumbering Subdivs. as necessary, effective May 24, 1996; P.A. 97-218 redefined “transfer of establishment” in Subdiv. (1) to exclude conveyances of parcels developed solely for residential use prior to July 1, 1997, where such use has not changed; amended Subdiv. (3)(B) to provide that in that category of “establishment”, the waste is generated at a different location; redefined “certifying party” in Subdiv. (6) to specify that investigation of parcel be in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and that remediation be in accordance with the remediation standards; redefined “form I” in Subdiv. (10) to clarify that declaration is based on an investigation of the property in accordance with the prevailing standards and guidelines; redefined “form II” in Subdiv. (11) to provide that remediation of the parcel is in accordance with the remediation standards; redefined “form III” in Subdiv. (12) to provide that the investigation is in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines; and redefined “form IV” in Subdiv. (13) to provide that the certification be accompanied by a determination by the commissioner or a licensed environmental professional under Secs. 22a-134a or 22a-133x and that the investigation is in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines; P.A. 98-253 added Subdiv. (l)(P) excluding from the definition of “transfer of establishment” conveyances to certain state or municipal agencies; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 added Subdiv. (1)(Q) re conveyance to a limited liability company established to assemble properties to effectuate the purposes of the Patriots Stadium Enabling Act, effective January 12, 1999; P.A. 99-225 deleted said Subdiv. (1)(Q) and added new Subparas. (Q), (R) and (S) regarding exemptions for certain transactions involving certain partnership properties, amended Subdiv. (3) to clarify a provision excepting remediation activities from the definition of “establishment”, and amended Subdivs. (6), (10), (11), (12), and (13) to require adoption of regulations on or before January 1, 2002, providing standards for investigation of contaminated parcels; P.A. 99-241 deleted Subdiv. (1)(Q) re conveyance of parcel to limited liability company established to assemble properties to effectuate purposes of the Patriots Stadium Enabling Act, and added a limited liability company established to assemble properties for development of the convention center facilities, sportsplex and related parking facilities site, effective July 1, 1999 (Revisor's note: In codifying the provisions of P.A. 99-225 and 99-241, as they affect Subdiv. (1), the Revisors retained the words “or (Q) any conveyance of a parcel”, which were deleted by P.A. 99-225, so as to add the amendment to Subpara. (Q) contained in P.A. 99-241, and relettered new Subparas. (Q), (R) and (S), contained in P.A. 99-225, to (R), (S) and (T), respectively); P.A. 00-140 amended Subdiv. (1)(Q) to make a technical change, substitute “acquisition” for “assembly”, delete references to former convention center facilities, sportsplex and related parking facilities and add reference to the overall project as defined in Sec. 32-651, effective May 2, 2000; P.A. 01-204 redefined “transfer of establishment”, “establishment”, “certifying party”, “party associated with the transfer of an establishment”, “Form I”, “Form II”, “Form III”, “Form IV”, “environmental condition assessment form”, “verification” and “vehicle”, defined “business operation”, “corporate reorganization not substantially affecting the ownership of an establishment”, “Form IV verification”, “hazardous substance” and “sediment”, and made technical changes; June Sp. Sess. 01-9 revised effective date of P.A. 01-204 but without affecting this section; P.A. 03-218 amended Subdiv. (1)(B) by adding “or foreclosure of a municipal tax lien” and made a technical change (1)(E), amended Subdiv. (10)(B) by adding “based on an investigation of the parcel in accordance with the prevailing standards and guidelines”, and amended Subdiv. (11) by making technical changes and, in Subpara. (C), by adding “verification”, effective July 1, 2003; P.A. 03-19 made technical changes in Subdivs. (1), (11), (21) and (24), effective May 12, 2003; P.A. 06-76 amended Subdiv. (1) to make technical changes, to add Subpara. (V) re universal waste, and to add Subpara. (W) re residential common interest community, amended Subdiv. (10) to require verification from licensed environmental professional to be in writing, amended Subdivs. (10) and (11)(A) to require additional verification that no discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste or substances has occurred at any portion of the establishment, and added Subdivs. (26) and (27) defining “universal waste” and “universal waste transfer facility”, respectively; P.A. 06-184 amended Subdiv. (1)(B) by redefining “transfer of establishment” to include tax warrant sales pursuant to Sec. 12-157, effective June 9, 2006; P.A. 07-81 amended Subdiv. (19) to redefine “verification” to require that written opinion be on a form prescribed by commissioner; P.A. 08-124 made technical changes in Subdiv. (1)(L) and (V), effective June 2, 2008; P.A. 09-235 redefined “transfer of establishment” in Subdiv. (1), effective July 9, 2009, and added Subdiv. (28) defining “interim verification”, effective October 1, 2009; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-141 amended Subdiv. (1) by adding Subparas. (X), (Y) and (Z) re establishment in abandoned brownfield cleanup program, transfer of title from bankruptcy court or municipality to a nonprofit organization and establishment in brownfield remediation and revitalization program, effective July 8, 2011; P.A. 11-241 amended Subdiv. (1) by deleting former Subpara. (R) re conversion of general or limited partnership to limited liability company and redesignating existing Subparas. (S) to (W) as Subparas. (R) to (V), effective January 1, 2014; P.A. 12-32 amended Subdiv. (1) by adding new Subpara. (R) re conversion of general or limited partnership to limited liability company, redesignating existing Subparas. (R) to (V) as Subparas. (S) to (W) and adding Subpara. (X) re acquisition of establishment in abandoned brownfield cleanup program, Subpara. (Y) re transfer of title from bankruptcy court or municipality to a nonprofit organization and Subpara. (Z) re establishment in brownfield remediation and revitalization program, effective January 1, 2014; P.A. 12-183 amended Subdiv. (1) by adding Subpara. (AA) re conveyance to effectuate project certified and approved pursuant to Sec. 32-9v, effective June 15, 2012; P.A. 12-196 amended Subdiv. (1) by adding provisions, codified by the Revisors as Subpara. (BB), re conveyance of certain airport properties, effective June 15, 2012; pursuant to June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, “Connecticut Development Authority” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated” in Subdiv. (1)(P), effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-308 amended Subdiv. (1) by replacing reference to Sec. 32-9kk with reference to Sec. 32-760, making a technical change and adding reference to remedial action and redevelopment municipal grant program in Subpara. (B) and by making a technical change in Subpara. (X), effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 14-88 amended Subdiv. (1)(B) to redefine “transfer of establishment” by adding references to exercise of eminent domain by a municipality and amended Subdiv. (3) to redefine “establishment” by adding provision re removal or abatement of building materials and making technical changes, effective June 3, 2014; P.A. 17-214 amended Subdiv. (1) to redefine “transfer of establishment” by adding reference to Connecticut brownfield land bank in Subpara. (B) and by adding Subpara. (CC) re conveyance of establishment to Connecticut brownfield land bank, added Subdiv. (29) defining “Connecticut brownfield land bank”, and made a technical change, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 19-75 amended Subdiv. (3) to redefine “establishment”; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9 added references to Secs. 22a-134e, 22a-134h and 22a-134i in introductory language, redefined “transfer of establishment” in Subdiv. (1) to add “on or before the date regulations are adopted pursuant to section 22a-134tt”, substantially revise Subpara. (B) re conveyance of establishment through foreclosure or municipal act, replace “less than forty per cent” with “fifty per cent or less” in Subpara. (J), delete former Subpara. (V) re universal waste, former Subpara. (X) re establishment in abandoned brownfield cleanup program, former Subpara. (Z) re establishment in brownfield remediation and revitalization program, former Subpara. (AA) re conveyance to effectuate project certified and approved pursuant to Sec. 32-9v and former Subpara. (CC) re conveyance of establishment to Connecticut brownfield land bank, redesignate existing Subparas. (W) to (BB) as Subparas. (V) to (Y), amend redesignated Subpara. (V) to delete reference to Sec. 22a-134i, add new Subpara. (W) re establishment in abandoned brownfield cleanup program, brownfield remediation and revitalization program or by Connecticut brownfield land bank and new Subpara. (Z) re limited liability company name change, and amend redesignated Subpara. (X) to add provision re transfer of title from entity to nonprofit organization, redefined “establishment” in Subdiv. (3) by defining “hazardous waste” for purposes of Subpara. (A) and adding provisions re filing Form I, Form II, Form III or Form IV after October 1, 2020 and re universal waste, redefined “Form IV” in Subdiv. (13) and “Form IV verification” in Subdiv. (23) to change “postremediation” to “groundwater” and “environmental land use restriction” to “environmental use restriction” and delete references to natural attenuation monitoring, and make technical changes, effective October 2, 2020.

Cited. 223 C. 910; 226 C. 737; 239 C. 284.

Cited. 27 CA 353; 30 CA 204; 43 CA 113.

Sec. 22a-134a. Transfer of hazardous waste establishments: Forms, verification, schedules, audits, approval, notification requirements, orders, exceptions. (a) No person shall transfer an establishment except in accordance with the provisions of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i. Notwithstanding any provision of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i a person appointed by the Superior Court or any other court to sell, convey or partition real property or a person appointed as a trustee in bankruptcy shall not be deemed a party associated with the transfer of an establishment and shall not be required to comply with the provisions of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i.

(b) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to implement the provisions of this section.

(c) Prior to transferring an establishment, the transferor shall submit to the transferee a complete Form I or a Form II and, no later than ten days after the transfer, shall submit a copy of such Form I or Form II to the commissioner. The commissioner shall notify the transferor no later than ninety days after the submission of such Form I or Form II if the commissioner deems the Form I or Form II incomplete. If the transferor is unable to submit a Form I or a Form II to the transferee, the transferor shall, prior to the transfer, submit a complete Form III or Form IV prepared and signed by a party associated with the transfer to the transferee and, no later than ten days after the transfer, shall submit a copy of such Form III or Form IV to the commissioner. If no other party associated with the transfer of an establishment prepares and signs the proper form as a certifying party, the transferor shall have the obligation for such preparation and signing.

(d) The certifying party to a Form I, Form II, Form III or Form IV shall (1) upon receipt of a written request from the commissioner, provide to the commissioner copies of all technical plans, reports and other supporting documentation relating to the investigation of the parcel or remediation of the establishment as specified in the commissioner's written request, and (2) simultaneously submit with the submission of a Form I, Form III or Form IV to the commissioner a complete environmental condition assessment form and shall certify to the commissioner, in writing, that the information contained in such form is correct and accurate to the best of the certifying party's knowledge and belief.

(e) Not later than thirty days after receipt of a Form III or Form IV, the commissioner shall notify the certifying party whether the form is complete or incomplete. The certifying party shall use a licensed environmental professional to verify the investigation and remediation, unless not later than seventy-five days after receipt of a complete Form III or IV the commissioner notifies the certifying party, in writing, that review and approval of the remediation by the commissioner shall be required. Any person who submitted a Form III to the commissioner prior to October 1, 1995, may submit an environmental condition assessment form to the commissioner. The commissioner shall, not later than forty-five days after receipt of such form, notify the certifying party whether approval of the remediation by the commissioner will be required or whether a licensed environmental professional may verify that the investigation was performed in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and the remediation has been performed in accordance with the remediation standards.

(f) In determining whether review and approval of the remediation by the commissioner will be required, or whether a licensed environmental professional may verify that the remediation has been performed in accordance with the remediation standards, the commissioner shall consider: (1) The potential risk to human health and the environment posed by any discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of hazardous waste or a hazardous substance at the establishment; (2) the degree of environmental investigation at the parcel; (3) the proximity of the establishment to significant natural resources; (4) the character of the land uses surrounding the establishment; (5) the complexity of the environmental condition of the establishment; and (6) any other factor the commissioner deems relevant.

(g) (1) (A) Except as provided in subsection (h) of this section, the certifying party to a Form III shall, not later than seventy-five days after the receipt of the notice that such form is complete or such later date as may be approved in writing by the commissioner, submit a schedule for the investigation of the parcel and remediation of the establishment. Such schedule shall, unless a later date is specified in writing by the commissioner, provide that the investigation shall be completed within two years of the date of receipt of such notice, remediation shall be initiated not later than three years after the date of receipt of such notice and remediation shall be completed sufficient to support either a verification or interim verification within a time frame set forth in subparagraphs (B) and (C) of this subdivision. The schedule shall also include a schedule for providing public notice of the remediation prior to the initiation of such remediation in accordance with subsection (i) of this section. Not later than two years after the date of the receipt of the notice that the Form III is complete, unless the commissioner has specified a later day, in writing, the certifying party shall submit to the commissioner documentation, approved in writing by a licensed environmental professional and in a form prescribed by the commissioner, that the investigation has been completed in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines. Not later than three years after the date of the receipt of the notice that the Form III is complete, unless the commissioner has specified a later day in writing, the certifying party shall notify the commissioner in a form prescribed by the commissioner that the remediation has been initiated, and shall submit to the commissioner a remedial action plan approved in writing by a licensed environmental professional in a form prescribed by the commissioner. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the commissioner may determine at any time that the commissioner's review and written approval is necessary and in such case shall notify the certifying party that the commissioner's review and written approval is necessary. Such certifying party shall investigate the parcel and remediate the establishment in accordance with the schedule or the schedule specified by the commissioner.

(B) For a certifying party that submitted a Form III or Form IV before October 1, 2009, when remediation of the entire establishment is complete, the certifying party shall achieve the remediation standards for the establishment sufficient to support a final verification and shall submit to the commissioner a final verification by a licensed environmental professional.

(C) For a certifying party that submits a Form III or Form IV after October 1, 2009, not later than eight years after the date of receipt of the notice that the Form III or Form IV is complete, unless the commissioner has specified a later date in writing, the certifying party shall achieve the remediation standards for the establishment sufficient to support a final or interim verification and shall submit to the commissioner such final or interim verification by a licensed environmental professional. Any such final verification may include and rely upon a verification for a portion of the establishment submitted pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection. Verifications shall be submitted on a form prescribed by the commissioner. The certifying party may request a verification or interim verification filing extension. The commissioner shall grant a reasonable extension if the certifying party demonstrates to the commissioner's satisfaction that: (i) Such certifying party has made reasonable progress toward investigation and remediation of the establishment; and (ii) despite best efforts, circumstances beyond the control of the certifying party have significantly delayed the remediation of the establishment.

(D) A certifying party who submits an interim verification shall, until the remediation standards for groundwater are achieved, operate and maintain the long-term remedy for groundwater in accordance with the remedial action plan, the interim verification and any approvals by the commissioner, prevent exposure to the groundwater plume and submit annual status reports to the commissioner.

(E) The certifying party to a Form IV shall submit with the Form IV a schedule for the groundwater monitoring and recording of an environmental use restriction, as applicable.

(2) (A) Notwithstanding the date the Form III or Form IV was submitted, if a certifying party completes the remediation for a portion of an establishment, such party may submit a verification or an interim verification by a licensed environmental professional for any such portion of an establishment. The certifying party shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirements of this subsection for that portion of the establishment covered by any such verification or interim verification. If any portion of an establishment for which a verification or interim verification is submitted pursuant to this subdivision is transferred or conveyed or undergoes a change in ownership before remediation of the entire establishment is complete that would not otherwise be subject to the provisions of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i, the certifying party shall provide notice to the commissioner of such transfer, conveyance or change in ownership not later than thirty days after any such transfer, conveyance or change in ownership.

(B) Any certifying party who submits an interim verification for a portion of an establishment on or before December 31, 2014, shall not be required to record any environmental use restriction, in accordance with section 22a-133o, prior to submitting such interim verification, provided such certifying party shall record such environmental use restriction, in accordance with section 22a-133o, on or before September 1, 2015, or a later date as approved, in writing, by the commissioner. If such environmental use restriction is not recorded on or before September 1, 2015, or such later date, such interim verification shall be invalid and shall not be recognized by the commissioner.

(3) (A) The commissioner may conduct an audit of any verification or interim verification submitted pursuant to this section, but shall not conduct an audit of a final verification of an entire establishment submitted pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection after three years have passed since the date of the commissioner's receipt of such final verification unless an exception listed in subparagraph (D) of this subdivision applies. Upon completion of an audit, the commissioner shall send written audit findings to the certifying party and the licensed environmental professional who verified. The three-year time frame for an audit of a final verification of an entire establishment shall apply to such final verifications received by the commissioner after October 1, 2007, and before October 1, 2019.

(B) The commissioner may conduct an audit of any verification or interim verification submitted pursuant to this section, but shall not commence an audit of a final verification of an entire establishment submitted pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection if more than one year has passed since the date of the commissioner's receipt of such final verification unless an exception listed in subparagraph (D) of this subdivision applies. If the commissioner commences an audit of such final verification, the commissioner shall complete such audit not later than three years after the commissioner's receipt of such final verification subject to such audit, unless an exception listed in subparagraph (D) of this subdivision applies. Upon completion of an audit, the commissioner shall send written audit findings to the certifying party and the licensed environmental professional who verified. The one-year time frame for commencing an audit of a final verification of an entire establishment and the three-year time frame for completion of such an audit shall apply to any final verification received by the commissioner on or after October 1, 2019.

(C) The commissioner may request additional information during an audit. If such information has not been provided to the commissioner within ninety days of the commissioner's request for such information or any longer time as the commissioner may determine in writing, the commissioner may either (i) suspend the audit, which for a final verification shall suspend the running of the three-year audit time frame for completing the audit until such time as the commissioner receives all the information requested, or (ii) complete the audit based upon the information provided in the verification before the request for additional information.

(D) The commissioner may commence an audit of a final verification of an entire establishment pursuant to this subdivision after the applicable time frame established in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this subdivision, and need not complete any such audit within three years, if (i) the commissioner has reason to believe that a verification was obtained through the submittal of materially inaccurate or erroneous information, or otherwise misleading information material to the verification or that misrepresentations were made in connection with the submittal of the verification, (ii) a verification is submitted pursuant to an order of the commissioner pursuant to subsection (j) of this section, (iii) any post-verification monitoring, or operations and maintenance, is required as part of a verification and which has not been done, (iv) a verification that relies upon an environmental use restriction was not recorded on the land records of the municipality in which such land is located in accordance with section 22a-133o and applicable regulations, (v) the commissioner determines that there has been a violation of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, or sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i, or (vi) the commissioner determines that information exists indicating that the remediation may have failed to prevent a substantial threat to public health or the environment.

(h) (1) If the commissioner notifies the certifying party to a Form III or Form IV that the commissioner's review and written approval of the investigation of the parcel and remediation of the establishment is required, such certifying party shall, not later than thirty days after the receipt of such notice or such later date as may be approved in writing by the commissioner, submit for the commissioner's review and written approval a proposed schedule for: (A) Investigating the parcel and remediating the establishment; (B) submitting to the commissioner scopes of work, technical plans, technical reports and progress reports related to such investigation and remediation; and (C) providing public notice of the remediation prior to the initiation of such remediation in accordance with subsection (i) of this section. Upon the commissioner's approval of such schedule, such certifying party shall, in accordance with the approved schedule, submit scopes of work, technical plans, technical reports and progress reports to the commissioner for the commissioner's review and written approval. Such certifying party shall perform all actions identified in the approved scopes of work, technical plans, technical reports and progress reports in accordance with the approved schedule. The commissioner may approve in writing any modification proposed in writing by such certifying party to such schedule or investigation and remediation. The commissioner may, at any time, notify such certifying party in writing that the commissioner's review and written approval is not required and that a licensed environmental professional may verify that the remediation has been performed in accordance with the remediation standards.

(2) A certifying party may complete the remediation of a portion of an establishment and request that the commissioner determine that the requirements of this subsection have been satisfied for any such portion of the establishment. If the commissioner determines that any such remediation is complete, the certifying party shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirements of this subsection for any such portion of an establishment. Any determination by the commissioner that remediation at the entire establishment has been completed may include and rely upon any determination made pursuant to this subdivision that remediation is complete at a portion of an establishment. If any portion of an establishment for which the commissioner determines that remediation is complete pursuant to this subdivision is transferred or conveyed or undergoes a change in ownership before remediation of the entire establishment is complete that would not otherwise be subject to the provisions of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i, the certifying party shall provide notice to the commissioner of such transfer, conveyance or change in ownership not later than thirty days after any such transfer, conveyance or change in ownership.

(i) The certifying party to a Form III or Form IV shall (1) publish notice of the remediation, in accordance with the schedule submitted pursuant to this section, in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in the area affected by the establishment, (2) notify the director of health of the municipality where the establishment is located of the remediation, and (3) either (A) erect and maintain for at least thirty days in a legible condition a sign not less than six feet by four feet on the establishment, which sign shall be clearly visible from the public highway, and shall include the words “ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN-UP IN PROGRESS AT THIS SITE. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:” and include a telephone number for an office from which any interested person may obtain additional information about the remediation, or (B) mail notice of the remediation to each owner of record of property which abuts the parcel, at the address for such property on the last-completed grand list of the municipality where the establishment is located.

(j) The commissioner may issue an order to any person who fails to comply with any provision of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i, including, but not limited to, any person who fails to file a form, or files an incomplete or incorrect form or to any person who fails to carry out any activities to which that person agreed in a Form III or Form IV. If no form is filed or if an incomplete or incorrect form is filed for a transfer of an establishment, the commissioner may issue an order to the transferor, the transferee, or both, requiring a filing. The commissioner may also request that the Attorney General bring an action in the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford to enjoin any person who fails to comply with any provision of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i, including, but not limited to, any person who fails to file a form, improperly files a Form I, Form II, Form III or Form IV or the certifying party to a Form III or Form IV to take any actions necessary to prevent or abate any pollution at, or emanating from, the subject establishment. Any person to whom such an order is issued may appeal such order in accordance with the procedures set forth in sections 22a-436 and 22a-437.

(k) Notwithstanding the exemptions provided in section 22a-134a, nothing contained in sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i shall be construed as creating an innocent landowner defense for purposes of section 22a-452d.

(l) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this section, no person shall be required to comply with the provisions of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i when transferring real property (1) (A) for which a Form I or Form II has been filed for the transfer of the parcel on or after October 1, 1995, or (B) for which parcel a Form III or Form IV has been filed and which has been remediated and such remediation has been approved in writing by the commissioner or has been verified in writing in accordance with this section by a licensed environmental professional that an investigation has been performed in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and that the remediation has been performed in accordance with the remediation standards, and (2) at which no activities described in subdivision (3) of section 22a-134 have been conducted since (A) the date of the commissioner's approval of the remediation, (B) the date to which the verification applies, as designated on the form submitted to the commissioner in connection with a Form III or Form IV verification, or (C) the date on which the Form I or Form II was filed.

(m) Failure of the commissioner to notify any party in accordance with the provisions of this section in no way limits the ability of the commissioner to enforce the provisions of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i.

(n) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the execution of a Form III or a Form IV shall not require a certifying party to investigate or remediate any release or potential release of pollution at the parcel that occurs after the completion of a Phase II investigation, as defined in the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection's Site Characterization Guidance Document, or from and after the date such Form III or Form IV was filed with the commissioner, whichever is later.

(P.A. 85-568, S. 3; P.A. 87-475, S. 2; 87-589, S. 49, 87; P.A. 88-230, S. 1, 12; P.A. 90-98, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-142, S. 4, 7, 8; P.A. 95-183, S. 2; 95-220, S. 4–6; P.A. 96-113, S. 2, 6, 17; P.A. 99-225, S. 7, 8; P.A. 01-204, S. 16; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 73, 131; P.A. 03-19, S. 62; 03-82, S. 1; 03-218, S. 7–9; P.A. 06-76, S. 15; P.A. 07-81, S. 4; 07-233, S. 10; P.A. 08-124, S. 17; P.A. 09-235, S. 9; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; 11-141, S. 4; P.A. 14-88, S. 4; P.A. 19-75, S. 2; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9, S. 2, 6.)

History: P.A. 87-475 added Subsec. (d) regarding liens against real estate on which a service station was transferred and in operation on or after May 1, 1967, and added Subsec. (e) authorizing the commissioner to adopt regulations; P.A. 87-589 made technical changes in Subsec. (d); P.A. 95-183 amended Subsec. (a) to add a reference to Sec. 22a-134e, deleted former Subsecs. (b) and (c) and relettered the remaining Subsecs. accordingly, amended the relettered Subsec. (b) to change “cleaned up” to “remediated”, added new Subsec. (d) re submittal of Form I or II, new Subsec. (e) re submittal of Form II or IV, new Subsec. (f) re review of Form III or IV, new Subsec. (g) re verification of forms by environmental professional, new Subsecs. (h) and (i) re a schedule for remediation, new Subsec. (j) re notice of remediation, new Subsec. (k) re orders to file or remediate, new Subsec. (l) re construction of the Transfer Act with regard to innocent landowners and new Subsec. (m) re transfers covered by previous filings (Revisor's note: P.A. 88-230, 90-98, 93-142 and 95-220 authorized substitution of “judicial district of Hartford” for “judicial district of Hartford-New Britain” in public and special acts of the 1995 session of the General Assembly, effective September 1, 1998); P.A. 96-113 amended Subsec. (d) to provide that a transferor shall submit a copy of any Form III or IV to the transferee and amended Subsec. (k) to expand range of orders authorized under that subsection, effective May 24, 1996; P.A. 99-225 amended Subsec. (f) to require verification of investigations and to require adoption of regulations on or before January 1, 2002, providing standards for investigation of contaminated parcels and amended Subsec. (m) to provide that eligibility for the exemption under that subsection on the basis of a filing of a Form I or II is limited to filings of such forms after October 1, 1995, to require verification of investigations by licensed environmental professionals and to require adoption of regulations before January 1, 2002, providing standards for investigation of contaminated parcels; P.A. 01-204 deleted former Subsec. (b) re liens pursuant to Sec. 22a-452 and redesignated existing Subsecs. (c) to (m) as Subsecs. (b) to (l), amended Subsec. (c) to clarify that a Form I or II submission must be complete, require the commissioner to notify the transferor no later than 90 days after the submission of a Form I or Form II if the commissioner deems the Form I or Form II incomplete, require the transferor, rather than the certifying party, to submit a complete Form III or Form IV if the transferor is unable to submit a Form I or Form II, require such Form III or Form IV to be prepared and signed by a party associated with the transfer, and require the transferor to prepare and sign the proper form if no other party associated with the transfer does so, amended Subsec. (d) to require the certifying party to a Form I, Form III or Form IV, if requested in writing by the commissioner, to submit copies of technical plans, reports and other supporting documentation of the investigation of the parcel or remediation of the establishment and make a technical change for purposes of gender neutrality, amended Subdiv. (e) to change the commissioner's notification deadline from within 15 days of receipt to no later than 30 days after receipt, make a technical change for purposes of gender neutrality, eliminate the requirement for adoption of regulations on or before January 1, 2002, and delete provision re parcels subject to an order, consent order, or stipulated judgment, amended Subsec. (f) to include a hazardous substance at the establishment in Subdiv. (1) and to substitute “establishment” for “parcel” in Subdivs. (3) to (5), amended Subsec. (g) to make the subsection applicable to a certifying party to a Form III or Form IV, require the certifying party to submit a schedule for investigating and remediating the establishment, rather than the parcel, require the commissioner to notify the certifying party if the commissioner determines that the commissioner's review and written approval is necessary, delete provisions re submission of copies of technical plans and reports, provide that the certifying party shall investigate the parcel and remediate the establishment, require the certifying party to submit a verification that the establishment has been remediated, require that the certifying party submit, as applicable, a Form IV verification and make technical changes, amended Subsec. (h) to apply to certifying parties to a Form III or Form IV, provide that commissioner's notification state approval of the investigation of the parcel and remediation of the establishment is required, provide that schedule is to apply to the investigation of the parcel and remediation of the establishment, provide that the certifying party is to submit a schedule for the submission for scopes of work and submit the scopes of work, and make technical changes, amended Subsec. (i) to apply to certifying parties to a Form III or Form IV and, in Subdivs. (2) and (3), to substitute “establishment” for “parcel”, amended Subsec. (j) to allow the commissioner to issue an order to any person who fails to file a form or files an incomplete or incorrect form, allow the commissioner to issue an order to the transferor or transferee, or both, requiring a filing, substitute “establishment” for “parcel” and make conforming changes, amended Subsec. (l) to make technical changes and delete requirement for adoption of regulations on or before January 1, 2002, and added Subsec. (m) re failure of commissioner to comply with notice provisions of section does not limit commissioner's ability to enforce provisions of the Transfer Act; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 revised effective date of P.A. 01-204 but without affecting this section; P.A. 03-19 made a technical change in Subsec. (l), effective May 12, 2003; P.A. 03-82 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provision re person appointed by court to sell, convey or partition real property or as a trustee in bankruptcy shall not be deemed a party associated with the transfer of an establishment and shall not be required to comply with Secs. 22a-134 to 22a-134e; P.A. 03-218 added “Form II” to the introductory language in Subsec. (d), amended Subsec. (d)(2) by replacing “Form II” with “Form III”, replaced “establishment” with “parcel” in Subsec. (i)(3)(B), and replaced “22a-134f” with “22a-134e” in Subsec. (m), effective July 1, 2003; P.A. 06-76 amended Subsec. (g) to designate existing language as Subdiv. (1), make a technical change, add provision re schedule specified by commissioner, replace provision re submission of independent verification with language re submission of a final verification and reliance on verification for a portion of the establishment and add Subdiv. (2) re remediation of a portion of an establishment, and amended Subsec. (h) to designate existing language as Subdiv. (1), make technical changes and add Subdiv. (2) re remediation of a portion of an establishment; P.A. 07-81 amended Subsec. (e) to provide that certifying party shall use a licensed environmental professional for verification unless notified that commissioner's review is required, to require that investigation be performed in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and to make technical changes, amended Subsec. (g)(1) to add reference to Subsec. (h) as an exception, to change deadline for submission of schedule from 30 to 75 days after receipt of the notice, to add provisions re deadlines of 2 years and 3 years, respectively, for notification of completion of the investigation or initiation of the remediation, to specify that commissioner's review may be required at any time and to make technical changes, and amended Subsec. (k) to replace reference to Sec. 22a-134(a) with reference to Sec. 22a-134a; P.A. 07-233 amended Subsec. (e) to require certifying party to use a licensed environmental professional to verify investigation and remediation, to add exception for review required by the commissioner, to require commissioner to respond not later than 45 days after receipt of an environmental condition assessment form from anyone who submitted a Form III before October 1, 1995, re whether a licensed environmental professional can be used, and to add to the licensed environmental professional's charge in such cases verification that investigation was done according to prevailing standards and guidelines, amended Subsec. (g) to add exception as provided in Subsec. (h), to give certifying party 75, rather than 30, days to submit investigation and remediation schedule, to provide that the 75 days starts upon notice that form is complete, to require certifying party to provide commissioner with documentation that investigation and a remedial action plan are done, and to allow commissioner to prescribe the form for all verifications, and added Subsec. (e)(3) re audits, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 08-124 made technical changes in Subsecs. (g) and (h), effective June 2, 2008; P.A. 09-235 redesignated existing Subsec. (g)(1) as Subsec. (g)(1)(A) to Subsec. (g)(1)(C), amended Subsec. (g)(1)(A) to delete references to Form IV and require schedule to provide that remediation support a verification or interim verification within specified time frame, amended Subsec. (g)(1)(B) to make provisions applicable to certifying party that submitted a Form III or Form IV before October 1, 2009, and require certifying party to achieve remediation standards to support final verification, amended Subsec. (g)(1)(C) to require certifying party that submits a Form III or Form IV after October 1, 2009, to meet remediation standards to support final or interim verification not later than 8 years after notice that the Form III or Form IV is complete, and to allow for filing extension, and added Subsec. (g)(1)(D) and Subsec. (g)(1)(E) re groundwater; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Department of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-141 added Subsec. (n) re execution of Form III or Form IV not requiring certifying party to investigate or remediate, effective July 8, 2011; P.A. 14-88 amended Subsec. (g)(2) by designating existing provisions as Subpara. (A) and amending same to add “Notwithstanding the date the Form III or Form IV was submitted” and add references to interim verification, and by adding Subpara. (B) re certifying party who submits interim verification on or before December 31, 2014, and amended Subsec. (g)(3) by adding reference to interim verification in Subpara. (A) and making a technical change in Subpara. (C)(v), effective June 3, 2014; P.A. 19-75 amended Subsec. (g)(3) to add “, and before October 1, 2019” in Subpara. (A), add new Subpara. (B) re commissioner's authority to conduct audit of verification or interim verification, conducting of final verification and written findings, redesignate existing Subpara. (B) as Subpara. (C), redesignate existing Subpara. (C) as Subpara. (D) and amend same to replace “shall not conduct” with “may commence”, delete reference to 3 years from receipt of verification, and add provision re time frame for completion of audit, and made technical and conforming changes; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9 amended Subsecs. (a), (g), (h), (j) to (m) by adding references to Secs. 22a-134h and 22a-134i, amended Subsec. (g) by changing “environmental land use restriction” to “environmental use restriction” and amended Subsec. (l)(2) by designating existing provision re date of approval as Subpara. (A) and amend same to add remediation, adding Subpara. (B) re date to which verification applies and designating existing provision re date Form I or Form II was filed as Subpara. (C), effective October 2, 2020.

Cited. 223 C. 910; 226 C. 737.

Cited. 27 CA 353; 30 CA 204; 43 CA 113.

Cited. 43 CS 83.

Sec. 22a-134b. Damages. (a) Failure of the transferor to comply with any of the provisions of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i entitles the transferee to recover damages from the transferor, and renders the transferor of the establishment strictly liable, without regard to fault, for all remediation costs and for all direct and indirect damages.

(b) An action to recover damages pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be commenced not later than six years after the later of (1) the due date for the filing of the appropriate transfer form pursuant to section 22a-134a, or (2) the actual filing date of the appropriate transfer form.

(c) This section shall apply to any action brought for the reimbursement or recovery of costs associated with investigation and remediation, which includes assessment, investigation, containment, mitigation, removal, remediation and monitoring, and all direct and indirect damages, except any action that becomes final and is no longer subject to appeal on or before October 1, 2009.

(P.A. 85-568, S. 4; P.A. 95-183, S. 5; P.A. 09-235, S. 5; P.A. 10-135, S. 4; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9, S. 7.)

History: P.A. 95-183 added a reference to Sec. 22a-134e and changed “cleanup and removal costs” to “remediation costs”; P.A. 09-235 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and added Subsecs. (b) and (c) re actions, effective July 9, 2009; P.A. 10-135 amended Subsec. (c) by redefining investigation and remediation to include assessment, investigation, containment, mitigation, removal, remediation and monitoring and deleting reference to Sec. 22-452(n), effective July 1, 2010; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9 amended Subsec. (a) by adding reference to Secs. 22a-134h and 22a-134i, effective October 2, 2020.

Trial court properly considered in its valuation of property the possibility of recovering remediation costs pursuant to Transfer Act. 272 C. 14.

Cited. 27 CA 353; 30 CA 204; 43 CA 113.

Sec. 22a-134c. Authority of commissioner. The provisions of sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i shall not affect the authority of the commissioner under any other statute or regulation, including, but not limited to, the authority to issue any order to the transferor or transferee of an establishment.

(P.A. 85-568, S. 5; P.A. 95-183, S. 6; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9, S. 8.)

History: P.A. 95-183 added a reference to Sec. 22a-134e; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9 added reference to Secs. 22a-134h and 22a-134i, effective October 2, 2020.

Cited. 27 CA 353; 43 CA 113.

Sec. 22a-134d. Penalty. Any person who violates any provision of sections 22a-134a to 22a-134e, inclusive, and sections 22a-134h and 22a-134i or regulations issued in accordance with the provisions of said sections shall be assessed a civil penalty or shall be fined in accordance with section 22a-438.

(P.A. 85-568, S. 6; P.A. 95-183, S. 7; 95-190, S. 15, 17; P.A. 01-204, S. 17; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 73, 131; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9, S. 9.)

History: P.A. 95-183 added a reference to Sec. 22a-134e; P.A. 95-190 also added reference to Sec. 22a-134e and provided for a penalty under this section for anyone who gives false information pursuant to a voluntary site remediation, effective June 29, 1995; P.A. 01-204 deleted existing provisions and added provisions re assessment of civil penalty or fine in accordance with Sec. 22a-438; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 revised effective date of P.A. 01-204 but without affecting this section; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9 added reference to Secs. 22a-134h and 22a-134i, effective October 2, 2020.

Cited. 27 CA 353; 43 CA 113.

Sec. 22a-134e. Transfer fees. Regulations. (a) As used in this section, “cost of remediation” shall include total costs related to the complete investigation of pollution on-site and off-site, evaluation of remediation alternatives, design and implementation of approved remediation, operation and maintenance costs for the remediation and postremediation monitoring.

(b) The fee for filing a Form I, as defined in section 22a-134, shall be three hundred seventy-five dollars. The fee for filing a Form II shall be one thousand three hundred dollars except as provided for in subsections (e) and (p) of this section.

(c) The fee for filing a Form III, after July 1, 1990, and before July 1, 1993, shall be as follows: (1) Four thousand five hundred dollars if the cost of remediation is less than one hundred thousand dollars; (2) seven thousand dollars if the cost of remediation is equal to or greater than one hundred thousand dollars but less than five hundred thousand dollars; (3) ten thousand dollars if the cost of remediation is equal to or greater than five hundred thousand dollars but less than one million dollars; and (4) thirteen thousand dollars if the cost of remediation is equal to or greater than one million dollars.

(d) The fee for filing a Form III with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection prior to July 1, 1990, and which concern a site for which the commissioner had not given written approval of a final remediation plan before July 1, 1990, shall be as follows: For a Form III filed between October 1, 1985, and September 30, 1986, the fee shall be twenty per cent of the amount specified in subsection (c) of this section; for a Form III filed between October 1, 1986, and September 30, 1987, the fee shall be forty per cent of the amount specified in subsection (c) of this section; for a Form III filed between October 1, 1987, and September 30, 1988, the fee shall be sixty per cent of the amount specified in subsection (c) of this section; for a Form III filed between October 1, 1988, and September 30, 1989, the fee shall be eighty per cent of the amount specified in subsection (c) of this section; and for a Form III filed between October 1, 1989, and July 1, 1990, the fee shall be ninety per cent of the amount specified in said subsection (c).

(e) If a Form II is filed after July 1, 1990, and before October 1, 1995, and within three years following completion of remedial measures as approved by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, the fee for such transfer shall be the fee specified in subsection (c) of this section.

(f) The fees specified in subsections (b) and (e) of this section shall be due upon the filing of the notification required under section 22a-134a.

(g) The fee specified in subsection (c) of this section shall be due in accordance with the following schedule: (1) Four thousand five hundred dollars shall be paid upon filing of the Form III; (2) the balance, if any, shall be paid within thirty days of receipt from the commissioner of written approval of a remedial action plan or within thirty days of the issuance of an order, consent agreement or stipulated judgment, whichever is earlier; (3) any remaining balance shall be paid within thirty days after receipt of written notice from the commissioner that it is due; and (4) any refund, if applicable, will be paid after receipt of a letter from the commissioner stating that no further action is required or after receipt of a letter of compliance.

(h) The fee specified in subsection (d) of this section shall be due in accordance with the following schedule: (1) Nine hundred dollars shall be paid within thirty days of receipt of a written notice of a fee due from the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection; (2) the balance, if any, shall be paid within thirty days of receipt from the commissioner of written approval of a remedial action plan or within thirty days of the issuance of an order, consent agreement or stipulated judgment, whichever is earlier; (3) any remaining balance shall be paid within thirty days after receipt of written notice from the commissioner that it is due; and (4) any refund, if applicable, will be paid after receipt of a letter from the commissioner stating that no further action is required or after receipt of a letter of compliance.

(i) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to prescribe the amount of the fees required pursuant to this section. Upon the adoption of such regulations, the fees required by this section shall be as prescribed in such regulations.

(j) The fees specified in this section shall be paid by the certifying party.

(k) The fee for filing a Form III, on and after July 1, 1993, and before October 1, 1995, shall be as follows: (1) Twenty-three thousand dollars if the cost of remediation is equal to or greater than one million dollars; (2) twenty thousand dollars if the cost of remediation is equal to or greater than five hundred thousand dollars but less than one million dollars; (3) fourteen thousand dollars if the cost of remediation is equal to or greater than one hundred thousand dollars but less than five hundred thousand dollars; (4) four thousand five hundred dollars if the cost of remediation is equal to or greater than fifty thousand dollars but less than one hundred thousand dollars; (5) three thousand dollars if the cost of remediation is equal to or greater than twenty-five thousand dollars but less than fifty thousand dollars; and (6) two thousand dollars if the cost of remediation is less than twenty-five thousand dollars.

(l) The fee specified in subsection (k) of this section shall be due in accordance with the following schedule: (1) Two thousand dollars shall be paid upon the filing of the notification required under section 22a-134a if the cost of remediation is less than one hundred thousand dollars; (2) six thousand dollars shall be paid upon filing of the notification required under section 22a-134a if the cost of remediation is equal to or greater than one hundred thousand dollars; (3) the balance, if any, shall be paid within thirty days of receipt from the commissioner of written approval of a remedial action plan or within thirty days of the issuance of an order, consent agreement or stipulated judgment, whichever is earlier; (4) any remaining balance shall be paid within thirty days after receipt of written notice from the commissioner that it is due; and (5) any refund, if applicable, will be paid after receipt of a letter from the commissioner stating that no further action is required or after receipt of a letter of compliance. After the deposit of any appropriated funds, funds from the sale of bonds of the state or any contribution pursuant to section 22a-16a, 22a-133t or 22a-133u or section 3 of public act 96-250* to the Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund established under section 22a-133t, any amount received by the commissioner pursuant to this section shall be deposited into said fund.

(m) On and after October 1, 1995, the fee for filing a Form III or Form IV shall be due in accordance with the following schedule: An initial fee of three thousand dollars shall be submitted to the commissioner with the filing of a Form III or Form IV. If a licensed environmental professional verifies the remediation of the establishment and the commissioner has not notified the certifying party that the commissioner's written approval of the remediation is required, no additional fee shall be due. If the commissioner notifies the certifying party that the commissioner's written approval of the remediation is required, the balance of the total fee shall be due prior to the commissioner's issuance of the commissioner's final approval of the remediation.

(n) On and after October 1, 1995, the total fee for filing a Form III shall be as follows: (1) Thirty-four thousand seven hundred fifty dollars if the total cost of remediation is equal to or greater than one million dollars; (2) thirty thousand two hundred fifty dollars if the total cost of remediation is equal to or greater than five hundred thousand dollars but less than one million dollars; (3) twenty-one thousand two hundred fifty dollars if the total cost of remediation is equal to or greater than one hundred thousand dollars but less than five hundred thousand dollars; (4) seven thousand dollars if the total cost of remediation is equal to or greater than fifty thousand dollars but less than one hundred thousand dollars; (5) four thousand seven hundred fifty dollars if the total cost of remediation is equal to or greater than twenty-five thousand dollars but less than fifty thousand dollars; and (6) three thousand two hundred fifty dollars if the total cost of remediation is less than twenty-five thousand dollars.

(o) On and after October 1, 1995, except as provided in subsection (p) of this section, the total fee for filing a Form IV shall be as follows: (1) Seventeen thousand five hundred dollars if the total cost of remediation is equal to or greater than one million dollars; (2) fifteen thousand two hundred fifty dollars if the total cost of remediation is equal to or greater than five hundred thousand dollars but less than one million dollars; (3) ten thousand seven hundred fifty dollars if the total cost of remediation is greater than or equal to one hundred thousand dollars but less than five hundred thousand dollars; (4) three thousand six hundred twenty-five dollars if the total cost of remediation is equal to or greater than fifty thousand dollars but less than one hundred thousand dollars; and (5) three thousand two hundred fifty dollars if the total cost of remediation is less than fifty thousand dollars.

(p) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the fee for filing a Form II or Form IV for an establishment for which the commissioner has issued a written approval of a remediation under subsection (d) of section 22a-133x within three years of the date of the filing of the form shall be the total fee for a Form III specified in subsection (n) of this section and shall be due upon the filing of the Form II or Form IV.

(q) The requirements of this section shall not apply to a transfer of property to a municipality under the provisions of section 12-157.

(P.A. 90-231, S. 5, 28; P.A. 91-369, S. 12, 36; P.A. 93-277, S. 1, 2; 93-435, S. 55, 95; P.A. 94-28, S. 1, 3; P.A. 95-183, S. 8; 95-190, S. 11, 17; P.A. 96-113, S. 3–5, 14, 17; P.A. 99-216, S. 3, 4; 99-225, S. 9, 10, 21, 33; P.A. 01-204, S. 18–20; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 73, 131; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 119, 120; P.A. 05-285, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 406; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 14-88, S. 5.)

*Note: Section 3 of public act 96-250 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.

History: P.A. 91-369 inserted a new Subsec. (a) defining “cost of clean up”, amended Subsecs. (b), (c) and (d) to specify that the fee is for filing of notice under those subsections, amended Subsec. (d) to include in the requirements of that subsection certain sites which had not been approved by the commissioner before July 1, 1990, amended Subsec. (e) to specify that said subsection shall apply to transfer after July 1, 1990, amended Subsec. (g) to specify when certain portions of fees due under this section shall be due, deleted former Subsec. (h) re setting of fees on and after July 1, 1995, and added new Subsecs. concerning the setting of fees under this section by regulation and concerning payment of fees by the transferee, relettering previously existing Subsecs. as necessary; P.A. 93-277 amended Subsecs. (g) and (h) to specify procedures for payment of outstanding fee balances due and for refunds and added new Subsecs. (k) and (l) re a new graduated fee schedule to be in effect after July 1, 1993, effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 93-435 made a technical correction, effective June 28, 1993; P.A. 94-28 amended Subsec. (a) to add the definition of “notice” and amended Subsec. (j) to provide for payment of fee for filing notice under Subsec. (c) by the party making such certification, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-183 amended Subsec. (a) to change “cost of clean-up” to “cost of remediation”, included postremediation monitoring in such costs and deleted a definition of “notice”, amended Subsecs. (b) to (e), (j) and (k) to replace references to former notices with references to new specific forms and added new Subsecs. (m) and (n) re filing fees after October 1, 1995; P.A. 95-190 amended Subsec. (l) to provide that fees received under this section be deposited into the Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-113 amended Subsec. (a) to provide a more comprehensive definition of “cost of remediation”, amended Subsec. (e) to include certain Form II filings for measures not taken pursuant to an administrative order, amended Subsec. (l) to condition the timing of the initial deposit of fees into the Special Contaminated Property Remediation and Insurance Fund, designated provisions formerly part of Subsec. (m) as Subsec. (n), inserted new Subsec. (o) and relettered former Subsec. (n) as Subsec. (p), and made technical revisions in the text and a minor revision in the fee schedule and procedures, effective May 24, 1996; P.A. 99-216 and P.A. 99-225 amended Subsecs. (b), (o) and (p) to make technical changes, and P.A. 99-225 further amended section to add new Subsec. (q) regarding transfers to municipalities under Sec. 12-157, effective June 29, 1999; P.A. 01-204 amended Subsec. (j) to require fees specified in section to be paid by the certifying party, amended Subsec. (m) to substitute “establishment” for “parcel” and to make a technical change for purposes of gender neutrality and amended Subsec. (p) to substitute “establishment” for “parcel”; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 revised effective date of P.A. 01-204 but without affecting this section; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (b) to increase fee for filing a Form I from $200 to $300 and fee for filing a Form II from $700 to $1,050, amended Subsec. (m) to increase initial fee for filing a Form III or IV from $2,000 to $3,000, amended Subsec. (n) to increase total fee for filing a Form III by 50%, and amended Subsec. (o) to increase total fee for filing a Form IV by 50%, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 05-285 amended Subsec. (1) to delete reference to repealed Sec. 12-63f, effective July 13, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 increased fees in Subsecs. (b), (n) and (o) and made technical changes in Subsecs. (g), (h) and (l); pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 14-88 amended Subsec. (p) to replace reference to Sec. 22a-133x(c) with reference to Sec. 22a-133x(d), effective June 3, 2014.

See Sec. 22a-27i re exemption of municipality for one year.

Sec. 22a-134f. List of hazardous waste facilities. Municipal clerks to maintain and post. (a) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall provide the clerk of each municipality in the state with a list of all hazardous waste facilities located within such municipality. As used in this section, “hazardous waste” means any material defined as hazardous waste in section 22a-115 except sewage and sewage sludge, and “hazardous waste facility” means a facility as defined in section 22a-115, except a facility which stores hazardous waste for less than ninety days or whose primary business is not disposal, treatment or recovery of hazardous waste, but which may treat or recover such waste as an integral part of an industrial process, and any site listed under section 22a-133c. Each such list shall be updated by the commissioner at least quarterly.

(b) Each municipal clerk shall maintain a copy of the list provided pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, as updated, and shall post a notice of the availability of the list in the area where the municipal land records are kept.

(P.A. 91-294, S. 1, 2; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

See Sec. 20-327f re disclosure of lists of hazardous waste facilities in connection with the sale of one-to-four family residential real property.

Sec. 22a-134g. Termination of operations at certain hazardous waste facilities. Procedures. Regulations. (a) As used in this section, “regulated substance” means petroleum, any flammable substance, any extremely hazardous substance, as defined in 40 CFR 355, any hazardous substance, as defined in 40 CFR 302, or polychlorinated biphenyls in concentrations greater than fifty parts per million and “regulated activity” means the production, use, storage or handling of any regulated substance by a business if such production, use, storage or handling requires a permit from the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection and is not otherwise regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (42 USC 6901 et seq.).

(b) Not later than the date of termination of all business or other activities at any facility involved in regulated activities, the owner or operator of such facility shall file a notice with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection which shall include information regarding a person employed by the business who may be contacted for information regarding compliance with this section.

(c) Not later than ninety days after such termination, such owner or operator shall (1) submit to the commissioner a list of all regulated substances located at the facility and all stationary storage vessels, (2) drain, remove or otherwise dispose of all regulated substances in accordance with any applicable law, (3) post warning signs around any area of land where the soil is contaminated with a regulated substance, and (4) submit a certification to said commissioner with regard to whether regulated substances have been removed and disposed of in accordance with applicable law.

(d) Following receipt of the certification required under subsection (c) of this section, the commissioner shall conduct an inspection of such facility to determine compliance with this section.

(e) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the provisions of this section. The commissioner shall give notice of the requirements of this section to any person issued a permit on or after October 1, 1999, for the production, use, storage or handling of a regulated substance, and to any person who has any such permit renewed on or after said date.

(P.A. 99-68; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

Sec. 22a-134h. Transfer of hazardous waste establishments: Submission prior to October 1, 2001. Withdrawal of forms. (a) Any certifying party who has submitted a Form III or Form IV to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection pursuant to section 22a-134a prior to October 1, 2001, may comply, after providing notice to the transferor, transferee and, if different, the owner of the parcel, with the requirements to investigate and remediate under sections 22a-134a to 22a-134d, inclusive, instead of the requirements for investigation and remediation under sections 22a-134a to 22a-134d in effect at the time of the submittal of such Form III or Form IV.

(b) Any person who has submitted a Form I, Form II, Form III or Form IV to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection pursuant to section 22a-134a may petition the commissioner to withdraw such form. Such petitioner shall notify the transferor, the transferee and the certifying party by certified mail. The petitioner shall make every reasonable effort to identify the address of such transferor, transferee and certifying party. The transferor, transferee and certifying party shall have thirty days to submit to the commissioner written objections to such petition. The commissioner may approve the petition if it demonstrates to the commissioner's satisfaction that the property or business was not an establishment or the transaction was not a transfer at the time the form was submitted. If the commissioner approves the petition, no further action is required by the certifying party with respect to its obligations under the form, but the form and the fee shall not be returned.

(P.A. 01-204, S. 21; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 73, 131; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 revised effective date of P.A. 01-204 but without affecting this section; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Sec. 22a-134i. Transfer of hazardous waste establishments. Conveyance of a unit in a residential common interest community. (a) Prior to the conveyance of a unit in a residential common interest community that is an establishment, as defined in section 22a-134, the declarant for the residential common interest community of which the unit is a part or the declarant's immediate predecessor in title shall (1) become a certifying party, as defined in section 22a-134 for the purpose of investigation and remediation of the parcel on which such community is located; (2) provide financial assurance pursuant to subsection (b) of this section; and (3) record notice on the land records in the municipality where the common interest community is located that the parcel on which the common interest community is located is being investigated and remediated pursuant to sections 22a-134 to 22a-134e, inclusive. Such notice shall identify the volume and page number of any recorded environmental use restriction, as defined in section 22a-133o. If the declarant or the declarant's immediate predecessor in title fails to become a certifying party for the purpose of investigation and remediation of the parcel on which such community is located, or fails to provide financial assurance pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, an individual or entity authorized to act on behalf of the common interest community shall provide written notice to the commissioner of such failure prior to the conveyance of any such unit. If the declarant fails to record such notice, the commissioner may record or require an individual or entity authorized to act on behalf of the common interest community to record on the land records in the municipality where the common interest community is located a notice that contains the information required by subdivision (3) of this subsection.

(b) The financial assurance required pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall (1) identify the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection as the beneficiary, (2) be in an amount and in a form approved by the commissioner that is equal to the cost of investigation and remediation of the contaminants on the subject property, subject to the standards specified in sections 22a-134 to 22a-133e, inclusive, and (3) be used solely at the affected common interest community for the sole purpose of investigation and remediation of such property for the benefit of the unit owners of such community. The commissioner may reduce the amount of such financial assurance from time to time as work is completed. Such financial assurance need not include the costs of any improvements to the real estate not required to remediate the contamination or the costs of remediation work already completed or on parcels of real estate that may be added to the common interest community by the exercise of development rights pursuant to section 47-229.

(P.A. 06-76, S. 12; P.A. 07-217, S. 110; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9, S. 3.)

History: P.A. 07-217 made a technical change in Subsec. (c), effective July 12, 2007; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” and “Department of Environmental Protection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” and “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-9 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing former provisions with provisions re declarant prior to conveyance of unit in residential common interest community, amended Subsec. (b) by deleting references to surety bonds, replacing “Department” with “Commissioner” and deleting provision re unit owners association as beneficiaries in Subdiv. (1), adding provision re cost of investigation and reference to Secs. 22a-134 to 22a-133e in Subdiv. (2) and adding Subdiv. (3) re use at affected common interest community for benefit of unit owners, deleted former Subsec. (c) re notice when unit in common interest community is conveyed, and made technical and conforming changes, effective October 2, 2020.

Sec. 22a-134j. Reserved for future use.

Sec. 22a-134k. Household hazardous waste management plan. On or before February 1, 1992, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall, within available appropriations, prepare a plan for the collection, disposal, reduction, recycling and other management techniques for household hazardous waste. Such plan shall include specifications for the siting, licensing and operation of regional facilities for such purposes and shall take into account different methods of appropriate disposal. Such plan shall be submitted to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the environment.

(P.A. 91-313, S. 1, 5; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

Sec. 22a-134l. Regional household hazardous waste disposal facilities. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may, within available appropriations, make a grant or loan to any municipality, group of municipalities, regional council of governments organized under the provisions of sections 4-124i to 4-124p, inclusive, or group of municipalities that have established a regional interlocal agreement pursuant to sections 7-339a to 7-339l, inclusive, for the planning of regional facilities for the purpose of collection and disposal of household hazardous waste. The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the purposes of this section.

(P.A. 91-313, S. 4, 5; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 13-247, S. 295.)

History: Pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-247 deleted references to regional planning agency and regional council of elected officials, changed “government” to “governments” and made a technical change, effective January 1, 2015.

Sec. 22a-134m. Chemical disposal days. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall coordinate a program of chemical disposal days for the collection and disposal of hazardous household chemicals in any municipality or group of municipalities or in the participating towns in any regional council of governments organized under the provisions of sections 4-124i to 4-124p, inclusive. The commissioner shall develop guidelines for such chemical disposal days.

(P.A. 86-298, S. 1, 6; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 13-247, S. 296.)

History: Pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-247 deleted references to regional planning agency and regional council of elected officials and changed “government” to “governments”, effective January 1, 2015.

Sec. 22a-134n. Grants for chemical disposal days. (a) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may, within available appropriations, make a grant to any municipality, any group of municipalities or any regional council of governments organized under the provisions of sections 4-124i to 4-124p, inclusive, sponsoring a chemical disposal day. The grant shall be not more than fifty per cent of the cost to the grantee of conducting such chemical disposal day. An application for a grant shall include a plan for a chemical disposal day which shall comply with any guidelines developed by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-134m.

(b) Any grantee under this section shall be eligible for additional grants, provided no grantee shall be eligible for more than two grants in any fiscal year.

(P.A. 86-298, S. 2, 6; P.A. 87-543, S. 1, 9; P.A. 91-369, S. 4, 36; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 13-247, S. 297.)

History: P.A. 87-543 added Subsec. (b) regarding eligibility for additional grants; P.A. 91-369 amended Subsec. (a) to make grants under this section discretionary within available appropriations; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-247 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting references to regional planning agency and regional council of elected officials and changing “government” to “governments”, effective January 1, 2015.

Sec. 22a-134o. Contract with hazardous waste transporter or company. (a) Any municipality, any group of municipalities or any regional council of governments organized under the provisions of sections 4-124i to 4-124p, inclusive, sponsoring a chemical disposal day shall enter into a contract with a hazardous waste transporter or waste collection company licensed under section 22a-454 to dispose of the hazardous waste collected during a chemical disposal day. Such contract shall (1) make the transporter or company, upon receipt of hazardous waste, liable for any violation of a federal or state statute concerning the generation, transportation or disposal of hazardous waste, (2) identify the transporter or company as the generator of hazardous waste collected and (3) make the transporter or company responsible for providing material and equipment for handling, labeling, loading and transporting hazardous waste.

(b) Any transporter or company may participate in a chemical disposal day program provided such transporter or company has (1) a number issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency identifying such transporter or company as the generator for the day and (2) at least one trained employee or agent is at the site on the chemical disposal day to identify, accept, place in containers, load and remove any waste collected.

(P.A. 86-298, S. 3, 6; P.A. 13-247, S. 298.)

History: P.A. 13-247 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting references to regional planning agency and regional council of elected officials and changing “government” to “governments”, effective January 1, 2015.

Sec. 22a-134p. Regulations re storage of hazardous substances near a watercourse. (a) As used in this section, “watercourse” means a watercourse as defined in section 22a-38 and “hazardous substance” means any substance on the list prepared pursuant to Section 302 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.

(b) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 setting forth standards for the storage of hazardous substances near watercourses. Such regulations shall (1) establish best management practices for the storage of such substances, including determination of a minimum distance between any hazardous substance and a watercourse, and (2) establish a threshold quantity for storage before compliance with regulations adopted under this subsection is required.

(P.A. 89-209, S. 1, 2; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

Sec. 22a-134q. Inventory of contaminated wells and leaking underground storage tanks. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall compile an inventory of contaminated wells and leaking underground storage tanks known to him. As used in this section, “contaminated well” means any well that exceeds maximum levels for substances established in the Public Health Code or action levels determined jointly by the Commissioners of Public Health and Energy and Environmental Protection.

(P.A. 89-365, S. 2, 9; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; P.A. 11-80, S. 60; P.A. 13-205, S. 9.)

History: P.A. 93-381 replaced commissioner of health services with commissioner of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 11-80 changed “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-205 deleted provision re submission of inventory to the General Assembly.

Sec. 22a-134r. Reserved for future use.

Sec. 22a-134s. Lien on real estate with service station. A lien pursuant to section 22a-452a shall not be placed against real estate on which a service station was transferred and in operation on or after May 1, 1967, provided the transferor certifies to the transferee that (1) the service station, or any part thereof, complies with regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection pursuant to subsection (d) of section 22a-449 concerning design, construction, installation and maintenance of underground facilities storing oil or petroleum liquids, (2) there has been no spill on the real estate or any spill has been remediated in accordance with procedures approved by the commissioner and the commissioner has determined that such spill does not pose a threat to human health or safety or to the environment which would warrant containment or removal or other mitigation measures, and (3) any hazardous waste or oil or petroleum liquid remaining on the real estate is being managed in accordance with the provisions of chapter 446k and regulations adopted thereunder.

(P.A. 01-204, S. 22; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 73, 131; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

Secs. 22a-134t to 22a-134z. Reserved for future use.