Chapter 246 - Motor Vehicles

Sec. 14-1. Definitions. Terms used in this chapter shall be construed as follows, unless another construction is clearly apparent from the language or context in which the term is used or unless the construction is inconsistent with the manifest intention of the General Assembly:

(1) “Activity vehicle” means a student transportation vehicle that is used to transport students in connection with school-sponsored events and activities, but is not used to transport students to and from school;

(2) “Agricultural tractor” means a tractor or other form of nonmuscular motive power used for transporting, hauling, plowing, cultivating, planting, harvesting, reaping or other agricultural purposes on any farm or other private property, or used for the purpose of transporting, from one farm to another, agricultural implements and farm products, provided the agricultural tractor is not used on any highway for transporting a pay load or for some other commercial purpose;

(3) “Antique, rare or special interest motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle twenty years old or older which is being preserved because of historic interest and which is not altered or modified from the original manufacturer's specifications;

(4) “Apparent candle power” means an illumination equal to the normal illumination in foot candles produced by any lamp or lamps, divided by the square of the distance in feet between the lamp or lamps and the point at which the measurement is made;

(5) “Authorized emergency vehicle” means (A) a fire department vehicle, (B) a police vehicle, or (C) a public service company or municipal department ambulance or emergency vehicle designated or authorized for use as an authorized emergency vehicle by the commissioner;

(6) “Autocycle” means a motor vehicle that meets the requirements of a motorcycle under 49 CFR Part 571, and (A) does not have more than three wheels in contact with the ground, (B) is designed to be controlled with a steering wheel and foot pedals for acceleration, braking or shifting, (C) has a seat or seats that are fully or partially enclosed and in which the occupants sit with their legs forward, and (D) is equipped with safety belts, in accordance with section 14-100a, for all occupants;

(7) “Auxiliary driving lamp” means an additional lighting device on a motor vehicle used primarily to supplement the general illumination in front of a motor vehicle provided by the motor vehicle's head lamps;

(8) “Bulb” means a light source consisting of a glass bulb containing a filament or substance capable of being electrically maintained at incandescence;

(9) “Camp trailer” includes any trailer designed for living or sleeping purposes and used exclusively for camping or recreational purposes;

(10) “Camp trailer registration” means the type of registration issued to any trailer that is for nonbusiness use and is limited to camp trailers and utility trailers;

(11) “Camp vehicle” means any motor vehicle that is regularly used to transport persons under eighteen years of age in connection with the activities of any youth camp, as defined in section 19a-420;

(12) “Camper” means any motor vehicle designed or permanently altered in such a way as to provide temporary living quarters for travel, camping or recreational purposes;

(13) “Class 1 electric bicycle” means an electric bicycle equipped with a motor that engages only when the rider operates the electric bicycle's foot pedals, and disengages when the rider stops pedaling or such electric bicycle reaches the speed of twenty miles per hour;

(14) “Class 2 electric bicycle” means an electric bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the electric bicycle, and disengages when the brakes are applied or such electric bicycle reaches the speed of twenty miles per hour;

(15) “Class 3 electric bicycle” means an electric bicycle equipped with a motor that engages only when the rider operates the electric bicycle's foot pedals, and disengages when the rider stops pedaling or such electric bicycle reaches the speed of twenty-eight miles per hour;

(16) “Combination registration” means the type of registration issued to a motor vehicle used for both private passenger and commercial purposes if such vehicle does not have a gross vehicle weight rating in excess of twelve thousand five hundred pounds;

(17) “Commercial driver's license” or “CDL” means a license issued to an individual in accordance with the provisions of sections 14-44a to 14-44m, inclusive, which authorizes such individual to drive a commercial motor vehicle;

(18) “Commercial driver's license information system” or “CDLIS” means the national database of holders of commercial driver's licenses established by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration pursuant to Section 12007 of the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986;

(19) “Commercial motor vehicle” means a vehicle designed or used to transport passengers or property, except a vehicle used for farming purposes in accordance with 49 CFR 383.3(d), fire fighting apparatus or an emergency vehicle, as defined in section 14-283, or a recreational vehicle in private use, which (A) has a gross vehicle weight rating of twenty-six thousand and one pounds or more, or a gross combination weight rating of twenty-six thousand and one pounds or more, inclusive of a towed unit or units with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than ten thousand pounds; (B) is designed to transport sixteen or more passengers, including the driver, or is designed to transport more than ten passengers, including the driver, and is used to transport students under the age of twenty-one years to and from school; or (C) is transporting hazardous materials and is required to be placarded in accordance with 49 CFR 172, Subpart F, as amended, or any quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42 CFR Part 73;

(20) “Commercial registration” means the type of registration required for any motor vehicle designed or used to transport merchandise, freight or persons in connection with any business enterprise, unless a more specific type of registration is authorized and issued by the commissioner for such class of vehicle;

(21) “Commercial trailer” means a trailer used in the conduct of a business to transport freight, materials or equipment whether or not permanently affixed to the bed of the trailer;

(22) “Commercial trailer registration” means the type of registration issued to any commercial trailer;

(23) “Commissioner” includes the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles and any assistant to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles who is designated and authorized by, and who is acting for, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles under a designation; except that the deputy commissioners of motor vehicles and the Attorney General are deemed, unless the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles otherwise provides, to be designated and authorized by, and acting for, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles under a designation;

(24) “Controlled substance” has the same meaning as provided in section 21a-240 and the federal laws and regulations incorporated in chapter 420b;

(25) “Conviction” means an unvacated adjudication of guilt, or a determination that a person has violated or failed to comply with the law in a court of original jurisdiction or an authorized administrative tribunal, an unvacated forfeiture of bail or collateral deposited to secure the person's appearance in court, the payment of a fine or court cost, or violation of a condition of release without bail, regardless of whether or not the penalty is rebated, suspended or probated;

(26) “Dealer” includes any person actively engaged in buying, selling or exchanging motor vehicles or trailers who has an established place of business in this state and who may, incidental to such business, repair motor vehicles or trailers, or cause them to be repaired by persons in his or her employ;

(27) “Disqualification” means a withdrawal of the privilege to drive a commercial motor vehicle, which occurs as a result of (A) any suspension, revocation, or cancellation by the commissioner of the privilege to operate a motor vehicle; (B) a determination by the Federal Highway Administration, under the rules of practice for motor carrier safety contained in 49 CFR 386, as amended from time to time, that a person is no longer qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle under the standards set forth in 49 CFR 391, as amended from time to time; or (C) the loss of qualification which follows any of the convictions or administrative actions specified in section 14-44k;

(28) “Drive” means to drive, operate or be in physical control of a motor vehicle, including a motor vehicle being towed by another;

(29) “Driver” means any person who drives, operates or is in physical control of a commercial motor vehicle, or who is required to hold a commercial driver's license;

(30) “Driver's license” or “operator's license” means a valid Connecticut motor vehicle operator's license or a license issued by another state or foreign jurisdiction authorizing the holder thereof to operate a motor vehicle on the highways;

(31) “Electric bicycle” means a bicycle equipped with operable foot pedals and an electric motor of fewer than seven hundred fifty watts of power that is either a class 1, class 2 or class 3 bicycle. “Electric bicycle” does not include a dirt bike or an all-terrain vehicle;

(32) “Electric foot scooter” means a device (A) that weighs not more than seventy-five pounds, (B) that has two or three wheels, handlebars and a floorboard that can be stood upon while riding, (C) that is powered by an electric motor and human power, and (D) whose maximum speed, with or without human propulsion on a paved level surface, is not more than twenty miles per hour;

(33) “Employee” means any operator of a commercial motor vehicle, including full-time, regularly employed drivers, casual, intermittent or occasional drivers, drivers under contract and independent owner-operator contractors, who, while in the course of operating a commercial motor vehicle, are either directly employed by, or are under contract to, an employer;

(34) “Employer” means any person, including the United States, a state or any political subdivision thereof, who owns or leases a commercial motor vehicle, or assigns a person to drive a commercial motor vehicle;

(35) “Farm implement” means a vehicle designed and adapted exclusively for agricultural, horticultural or livestock-raising operations and which is not operated on a highway for transporting a pay load or for any other commercial purpose;

(36) “Felony” means any offense, as defined in section 53a-25 and includes any offense designated as a felony under federal law;

(37) “Fatality” means the death of a person as a result of a motor vehicle accident;

(38) Foreign jurisdiction” means any jurisdiction other than a state of the United States;

(39) “Fuels” means (A) all products commonly or commercially known or sold as gasoline, including casinghead and absorption or natural gasoline, regardless of their classification or uses, (B) any liquid prepared, advertised, offered for sale or sold for use, or commonly and commercially used, as a fuel in internal combustion engines, which, when subjected to distillation in accordance with the standard method of test for distillation of gasoline, naphtha, kerosene and similar petroleum products by “American Society for Testing Materials Method D-86”, shows not less than ten per cent distilled (recovered) below 347° Fahrenheit (175° Centigrade) and not less than ninety-five per cent distilled (recovered) below 464° Fahrenheit (240° Centigrade); provided the term “fuels” does not include commercial solvents or naphthas which distill, by “American Society for Testing Materials Method D-86”, not more than nine per cent at 176° Fahrenheit and which have a distillation range of 150° Fahrenheit, or less, or liquefied gases which would not exist as liquids at a temperature of 60° Fahrenheit and a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute, and (C) any liquid commonly referred to as “gasohol” which is prepared, advertised, offered for sale or sold for use, or commonly and commercially used, as a fuel in internal combustion engines, consisting of a blend of gasoline and a minimum of ten per cent by volume of ethyl or methyl alcohol;

(40) “Garage” includes every place of business where motor vehicles are, for compensation, received for housing, storage or repair;

(41) “Gross vehicle weight rating” or “GVWR” means the value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum loaded weight of a single or a combination (articulated) vehicle. The GVWR of a combination (articulated) vehicle commonly referred to as the “gross combination weight rating” or GCWR is the GVWR of the power unit plus the GVWR of the towed unit or units;

(42) “Gross weight” means the light weight of a vehicle plus the weight of any load on the vehicle, provided, in the case of a tractor-trailer unit, “gross weight” means the light weight of the tractor plus the light weight of the trailer or semitrailer plus the weight of the load on the vehicle;

(43) “Hazardous materials” has the same meaning as provided in 49 CFR 383.5;

(44) “Head lamp” means a lighting device affixed to the front of a motor vehicle projecting a high intensity beam which lights the road in front of the vehicle so that it can proceed safely during the hours of darkness;

(45) “High-mileage vehicle” means a motor vehicle having the following characteristics: (A) Not less than three wheels in contact with the ground; (B) a completely enclosed seat on which the driver sits; (C) a single or two cylinder, gasoline or diesel engine or an electric-powered engine; and (D) efficient fuel consumption;

(46) “Highway” includes any state or other public highway, road, street, avenue, alley, driveway, parkway, place or dedicated roadway for bus rapid transit service, under the control of the state or any political subdivision of the state, dedicated, appropriated or opened to public travel or other use;

(47) “Imminent hazard” means the existence of a condition that presents a substantial likelihood that death, serious illness, severe personal injury or a substantial endangerment to health, property, or the environment may occur before the reasonably foreseeable completion date of a formal proceeding begun to lessen the risk of that death, illness, injury or endangerment;

(48) “Intersecting highway” includes any public highway which joins another at an angle whether or not it crosses the other;

(49) “Light weight” means the weight of an unloaded motor vehicle as ordinarily equipped and ready for use, exclusive of the weight of the operator of the motor vehicle;

(50) “Limited access highway” means a state highway so designated under the provisions of section 13b-27;

(51) “Local authorities” includes the board of aldermen, common council, chief of police, warden and burgesses, board of selectmen or other officials having authority for the enactment or enforcement of traffic regulations within their respective towns, cities or boroughs;

(52) “Maintenance vehicle” means any vehicle in use by the state or by any town, city, borough or district, any state bridge or parkway authority or any public service company, as defined in section 16-1, in the maintenance of public highways or bridges and facilities located within the limits of public highways or bridges;

(53) “Manufacturer” means (A) a person, whether a resident or nonresident, engaged in the business of constructing or assembling new motor vehicles of a type required to be registered by the commissioner, for operation upon any highway, except a utility trailer, which are offered for sale in this state, or (B) a person who distributes new motor vehicles to new car dealers licensed in this state;

(54) “Median divider” means an intervening space or physical barrier or clearly indicated dividing section separating traffic lanes provided for vehicles proceeding in opposite directions;

(55) “Modified antique motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle twenty years old or older which has been modified for safe road use, including, but not limited to, modifications to the drive train, suspension, braking system and safety or comfort apparatus;

(56) “Motor bus” includes any motor vehicle, except a taxicab, as defined in section 13b-95, operated in whole or in part on any street or highway in a manner affording a means of transportation by indiscriminately receiving or discharging passengers, or running on a regular route or over any portion of a regular route or between fixed termini;

(57) “Motor home” means a vehicular unit designed to provide living quarters and necessary amenities which are built into an integral part of, or permanently attached to, a truck or van chassis;

(58) “Motor-driven cycle” means any of the following vehicles that have a seat height of not less than twenty-six inches and a motor having a capacity of less than fifty cubic centimeters piston displacement: (A) A motorcycle, other than an autocycle; (B) a motor scooter; or (C) a bicycle with attached motor, except an electric bicycle;

(59) “Motor vehicle” means any vehicle propelled or drawn by any nonmuscular power, except aircraft, motor boats, road rollers, baggage trucks used about railroad stations or other mass transit facilities, electric battery-operated wheel chairs when operated by persons with physical disabilities at speeds not exceeding fifteen miles per hour, golf carts operated on highways solely for the purpose of crossing from one part of the golf course to another, golf-cart-type vehicles operated on roads or highways on the grounds of state institutions by state employees, agricultural tractors, farm implements, such vehicles as run only on rails or tracks, self-propelled snow plows, snow blowers and lawn mowers, when used for the purposes for which they were designed and operated at speeds not exceeding four miles per hour, whether or not the operator rides on or walks behind such equipment, motor-driven cycles, as defined in section 14-286, special mobile equipment, as defined in section 14-165, mini-motorcycles, as defined in section 14-289j, electric bicycles, electric foot scooters and any other vehicle not suitable for operation on a highway;

(60) “Motorcycle” means (A) an autocycle, as defined in this section, or (B) a motor vehicle, with or without a side car, that has (i) not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, (ii) a saddle or seat which the rider straddles or a platform on which the rider stands, and (iii) handlebars with which the rider controls the movement of the vehicle. “Motorcycle” does not include a motor-driven cycle, an electric bicycle or an electric foot scooter;

(61) “National Driver Registry” or “NDR” means the licensing information system and database operated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and established pursuant to the National Driver Registry Act of 1982, as amended;

(62) “New motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle, the equitable or legal title to which has never been transferred by a manufacturer, distributor or dealer to an ultimate consumer;

(63) “Nonresident” means any person whose legal residence is in a state other than Connecticut or in a foreign country;

(64) “Nonresident commercial driver's license” or “nonresident CDL” means a commercial driver's license issued by a state to an individual who resides in a foreign jurisdiction;

(65) “Nonskid device” means any device applied to the tires, wheels, axles or frame of a motor vehicle for the purpose of increasing the traction of the motor vehicle;

(66) “Number plate” means any sign or marker furnished by the commissioner on which is displayed the registration number assigned to a motor vehicle by the commissioner;

(67) “Officer” includes any constable, state marshal, inspector of motor vehicles, state policeman or other official authorized to make arrests or to serve process, provided the officer is in uniform or displays the officer's badge of office in a conspicuous place when making an arrest;

(68) “Operator” means any person who operates a motor vehicle or who steers or directs the course of a motor vehicle being towed by another motor vehicle and includes a driver;

(69) “Out-of-service order” means an order (A) issued by a person having inspection authority, as defined in regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 14-163c, or by an authorized official of the United States Department of Transportation Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration pursuant to any provision of federal law, to prohibit any motor vehicle specified in subsection (a) of section 14-163c from being operated on any highway, or to prohibit a driver from operating any such motor vehicle, or (B) issued by the United States Department of Transportation Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, pursuant to any provision of federal law, to prohibit any motor carrier, as defined in Section 386.2 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, from engaging in commercial motor vehicle operations;

(70) “Owner” means any person holding title to a motor vehicle, or having the legal right to register the same, including purchasers under conditional bills of sale;

(71) “Parked vehicle” means a motor vehicle in a stationary position within the limits of a public highway;

(72) “Passenger and commercial motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle used for private passenger and commercial purposes which is eligible for combination registration;

(73) “Passenger motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle used for the private transportation of persons and their personal belongings, designed to carry occupants in comfort and safety, with a capacity of carrying not more than ten passengers including the operator thereof;

(74) “Passenger registration” means the type of registration issued to a passenger motor vehicle unless a more specific type of registration is authorized and issued by the commissioner for such class of vehicle;

(75) “Person” includes any individual, corporation, limited liability company, association, copartnership, company, firm, business trust or other aggregation of individuals but does not include the state or any political subdivision thereof, unless the context clearly states or requires;

(76) “Pick-up truck” means a motor vehicle with an enclosed forward passenger compartment and an open rearward compartment used for the transportation of property;

(77) “Pneumatic tires” means tires inflated or inflatable with air;

(78) “Pole trailer” means a trailer which is (A) intended for transporting long or irregularly shaped loads such as poles, logs, pipes or structural members, which loads are capable of sustaining themselves as beams between supporting connections, and (B) designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle and attached or secured directly to the motor vehicle by any means including a reach, pole or boom;

(79) “Public passenger endorsement” means an endorsement issued to an individual, which authorizes such individual to transport passengers, including, but not limited to, passengers who are students in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of section 14-36a;

(80) “Recreational vehicle” includes the camper, camp trailer and motor home classes of vehicles;

(81) “Registration” includes the certificate of motor vehicle registration and the number plate or plates used in connection with such registration;

(82) “Registration number” means the identifying number or letters, or both, assigned by the commissioner to a motor vehicle;

(83) “Resident”, for the purpose of registering motor vehicles, includes any person who is a legal resident of this state, as the commissioner may presume from the fact that such person occupies a place of dwelling in this state for more than six months in a year, or any person, firm or corporation owning or leasing a motor vehicle used or operated in intrastate business in this state, or a firm or corporation having its principal office or place of business in this state;

(84) “School bus” means any school bus, as defined in section 14-275, including a commercial motor vehicle used to transport preschool, elementary school or secondary school students from home to school, from school to home, or to and from school-sponsored events, but does not include a bus used as a common carrier;

(85) “Second” violation or “subsequent” violation means an offense committed not more than three years after the date of an arrest which resulted in a previous conviction for a violation of the same statutory provision, except in the case of a violation of section 14-215, 14-224, 14-227a or 14-227m, “second” violation or “subsequent” violation means an offense committed not more than ten years after the date of an arrest which resulted in a previous conviction for a violation of the same statutory provision;

(86) “Semitrailer” means any trailer type vehicle designed and used in conjunction with a motor vehicle so that some part of its own weight and load rests on or is carried by another vehicle;

(87) “Serious traffic violation” means a conviction of any of the following offenses: (A) Excessive speeding, involving a single offense in which the speed is fifteen miles per hour or more above the posted speed limit, in violation of section 14-218a or 14-219; (B) reckless driving in violation of section 14-222; (C) following too closely in violation of section 14-240 or 14-240a; (D) improper or erratic lane changes, in violation of section 14-236; (E) using a hand-held mobile telephone or other electronic device or typing, reading or sending text or a text message with or from a mobile telephone or mobile electronic device in violation of subsection (e) of section 14-296aa while operating a commercial motor vehicle; (F) driving a commercial motor vehicle without a valid commercial driver's license in violation of section 14-36a or 14-44a; (G) failure to carry a commercial driver's license in violation of section 14-44a; (H) failure to have the proper class of license or endorsement, or violation of a license restriction in violation of section 14-44a; or (I) a violation of any provision of chapter 248, by an operator who holds a commercial driver's license or instruction permit that results in the death of another person;

(88) “Service bus” includes any vehicle except a vanpool vehicle or a school bus designed and regularly used to carry ten or more passengers when used in private service for the transportation of persons without charge to the individual;

(89) “Service car” means any motor vehicle used by a manufacturer, dealer or repairer for emergency motor vehicle repairs on the highways of this state, for towing or for the transportation of necessary persons, tools and materials to and from the scene of such emergency repairs or towing;

(90) “Shoulder” means that portion of a highway immediately adjacent and contiguous to the travel lanes or main traveled portion of the roadway;

(91) “Solid tires” means tires of rubber, or other elastic material approved by the Commissioner of Transportation, which do not depend on confined air for the support of the load;

(92) “Spot lamp” or “spot light” means a lighting device projecting a high intensity beam, the direction of which can be readily controlled for special or emergency lighting as distinguished from ordinary road illumination;

(93) “State” means any state of the United States and the District of Columbia unless the context indicates a more specific reference to the state of Connecticut;

(94) “Stop” means complete cessation of movement;

(95) “Student” means any person under the age of twenty-one years who is attending a preprimary, primary or secondary school program of education;

(96) “Tail lamp” means a lighting device affixed to the rear of a motor vehicle showing a red light to the rear and indicating the presence of the motor vehicle when viewed from behind;

(97) “Tank vehicle” means any commercial motor vehicle designed to transport any liquid or gaseous material within a tank that is either permanently or temporarily attached to the vehicle or its chassis, which includes, but is not limited to, a cargo tank and portable tank, as defined in 49 CFR 383.5, as amended, provided it does not include a portable tank with a rated capacity not to exceed one thousand gallons;

(98) “Tractor” or “truck tractor” means a motor vehicle designed and used for drawing a semitrailer;

(99) “Tractor-trailer unit” means a combination of a tractor and a trailer or a combination of a tractor and a semitrailer;

(100) “Trailer” means any rubber-tired vehicle without motive power drawn or propelled by a motor vehicle;

(101) “Truck” means a motor vehicle designed, used or maintained primarily for the transportation of property;

(102) “Ultimate consumer” means, with respect to a motor vehicle, the first person, other than a dealer, who in good faith purchases the motor vehicle for purposes other than resale;

(103) “United States” means the fifty states and the District of Columbia;

(104) “Used motor vehicle” includes any motor vehicle which has been previously separately registered by an ultimate consumer;

(105) “Utility trailer” means a trailer designed and used to transport personal property, materials or equipment, whether or not permanently affixed to the bed of the trailer;

(106) “Vanpool vehicle” includes all motor vehicles, the primary purpose of which is the daily transportation, on a prearranged nonprofit basis, of individuals between home and work, and which: (A) If owned by or leased to a person, or to an employee of the person, or to an employee of a local, state or federal government unit or agency located in Connecticut, are manufactured and equipped in such manner as to provide a seating capacity of at least seven but not more than fifteen individuals, or (B) if owned by or leased to a regional ride-sharing organization in the state recognized by the Commissioner of Transportation, are manufactured and equipped in such manner as to provide a seating capacity of at least six but not more than nineteen individuals;

(107) “Vehicle” includes any device suitable for the conveyance, drawing or other transportation of persons or property, whether operated on wheels, runners, a cushion of air or by any other means. The term does not include devices propelled or drawn by human power or devices used exclusively on tracks;

(108) “Vehicle identification number” or “VIN” means a series of Arabic numbers and Roman letters that is assigned to each new motor vehicle that is manufactured within or imported into the United States, in accordance with the provisions of 49 CFR 565, unless another sequence of numbers and letters has been assigned to a motor vehicle by the commissioner, in accordance with the provisions of section 14-149;

(109) “Wrecker” means a vehicle which is registered, designed, equipped and used for the purposes of towing or transporting wrecked or disabled motor vehicles for compensation or for related purposes by a person, firm or corporation licensed in accordance with the provisions of subpart (D) of part III of this chapter or a vehicle contracted for the consensual towing or transporting of one or more motor vehicles to or from a place of sale, purchase, salvage or repair.

(1949 Rev., S. 2350; 1953, S. 1278d, 1281d; 1955, S. 1279d, 1280d; 1959, P.A. 162; 283, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 233, S. 10; 1963, P.A. 560; February, 1965, P.A. 414, S. 1; 448, S. 1, 2, 3; 1967, P.A. 454, S. 1; 799; 821; 1969, P.A. 189; 569, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 355, S. 1, 2; 416, S. 2; 629; 740, S. 1; 848, S. 1, 2; 1972, P.A. 255, S. 1; P.A. 73-676, S. 1; P.A. 75-253, S. 1, 2; P.A. 76-250, S. 2, 3, 4; P.A. 77-67; P.A. 79-25, S. 1; 79-175, S. 2, 3; 79-244, S. 1, 5, 6; 79-627, S. 5, 6; P.A. 80-466, S. 2, 25; P.A. 81-394, S. 1; P.A. 82-460, S. 1, 2, 9; 82-472, S. 39, 183; P.A. 83-224, S. 1, 2; 83-278; 83-431, S. 2; 83-587, S. 67, 96; P.A. 84-429, S. 1; 84-546, S. 37, 173; P.A. 86-383, S. 1, 6; P.A. 88-245, S. 1, 7; P.A. 90-263, S. 1, 74; P.A. 91-272, S. 5, 8; P.A. 93-341, S. 1, 38; P.A. 95-79, S. 39, 189; 95-314, S. 4; P.A. 97-236, S. 23, 27; P.A. 99-268, S. 1, 2, 29; P.A. 00-35, S. 1; 00-99, S. 44, 154; 00-169, S. 22, 35; P.A. 02-70, S. 1, 17; P.A. 03-265, S. 5; P.A. 04-199, S. 7; 04-217, S. 1; P.A. 05-218, S. 2, 3, 15, 16, 42, 43; P.A. 06-130, S. 15; P.A. 07-167, S. 1-3, 38; P.A. 08-150, S. 1; P.A. 09-187, S. 34, 41, 49, 54; P.A. 10-32, S. 46; 10-110, S. 37; P.A. 11-213, S. 51, 52, 61; P.A. 12-81, S. 26; P.A. 13-271, S. 3-5; 13-277, S. 8; P.A. 14-130, S. 2; P.A. 15-46, S. 1; P.A. 16-55, S. 13; 16-126, S. 6; P.A. 17-202, S. 42; P.A. 18-165, S. 3; P.A. 19-119, S. 21; 19-162, S. 1.)

History: 1959 acts added Subsecs. (21) and (51); 1961 act redefined “used or secondhand motor vehicle” in and added definitions of “new motor vehicle” and “ultimate consumer” to Subsec. (55); 1963 act redefined “second” or “subsequent” violation in Subsec. (44); 1965 acts added snow and lawn machines to Subsec. (26), “driver” to Subsec. (32) and Subsecs. (6), (14), (23), (39), (48) and (54); 1967 acts added Subsecs. (57) and (58) defining “tractor” or “truck tractor” and “wrecker” or “wrecker vehicle” and redefined “resident” in Subsec. (42) to delete persons carrying on business or engaged in occupation for more than six months a year; 1969 acts redefined “motor vehicle” in Subsec. (26) to exclude golf carts and added Subsec. (59) defining “farm implements”; 1971 acts redefined “gross weight” in Subsec. (14) to include special provision re tractor-trailer units, redefined “officer” in Subsec. (31) to include sheriffs and deputy sheriffs, redefined “manufacturer” in Subsec. (22), redefined “vehicle” in Subsec. (56) to include vehicles operated on cushions of air and to delete requirement that machine be suitable for use on highways and added Subsecs. (60) and (61) defining “tractor-trailer unit” and “limited access highway”; 1972 act redefined “manufacturer” in Subsec. (22) to include distributor of vehicles to new car dealers; P.A. 73-676 added Subsec. (62) defining “minibike” or “minicycle”; P.A. 75-253 redefined “motorcycle” to exclude vehicles with wholly or partially enclosed drivers' seat with motor outside enclosed area; P.A. 76-250 excluded bicycles with helper motors in Subsecs. (25) defining “motorcycle” and Subsec. (26) defining “motor vehicle”; P.A. 77-67 redefined “motor vehicles” in Subsec. (26) to delete requirement that vehicle be suitable for operation on a highway, to exclude vehicles used at mass transit facilities other than railroads and vehicles not suitable for operation on highway; P.A. 79-25 added Subsecs. (63) and (64) defining “antique, rare or special interest motor vehicle” and “modified antique motor vehicle”; P.A. 79-175 added Subsec. (65) defining “vanpool vehicle”; P.A. 79-244 also added Subsec. (65) re vanpool vehicles and excluded vanpool vehicles from definitions of “public service motor vehicle” and “service bus” in Subsecs. (40) and (46); P.A. 79-627 included gasohol in Subsec. (12) defining “fuels”, effective July 1, 1979, and applicable to fuel sold on or after that date; P.A. 80-466 amended definition of “motor vehicle registration” in Subsec. (27) to reflect use of single license plate; P.A. 81-394 added Subdiv. (66) defining “high-mileage vehicle”; P.A. 82-460 redefined “passenger motor vehicle” to specify applicability to vehicles capable of carrying not more than ten passengers, redefined “commercial motor vehicle”, deleting limitations re use in business of registrant and propulsion method and redefined “passenger and commercial motor vehicle”, deleting requirement that vehicles be “designed for use” for passenger and commercial purposes; P.A. 82-472 made technical corrections in definition of “high-mileage vehicle”; P.A. 83-224 amended Subdiv. (26) to exclude from the definition of a motor vehicle, golf cart type vehicles operated by state employees on state institution grounds; P.A. 83-278 amended Subdiv. (65) to include in definition of “vanpool vehicle” certain vehicles owned by or leased to recognized regional ride-sharing organizations; P.A. 83-431 amended Subdiv. (26) to exclude from the definition of a motor vehicle, special mobile equipment as defined in Sec. 14-165 (i); P.A. 83-587 made technical change in Subdiv. (12); P.A. 84-429 deleted the definition of “curb” in Subsec. (9), “distributor” in Subsec. (11), “head light” in Subsec. (15), “intersection” in Subsec. (18), “motor vehicle registration” in Subsec. (27), “rotary traffic island” in Subsec. (43), “secondhand motor vehicle” in Subsec. (55) and “wrecker vehicle” in Subsec. (58), transferred definition of “head lamp” from Subsec. (15) to (16), “registration” from Subsec. (27) to (45), “used motor vehicle” from Subsec. (55) to (62), “new motor vehicle” from Subsec. (55) to (31), “ultimate consumer” from Subsec. (55) to (61) and “wrecker” from Subsec. (58) to (65), added Subsec. (4) from Sec. 14-1a, renumbered the remaining Subsecs. as follows: (2) to (3), (3) to (5), (4) to (6), (5) to (7), (6) to (8), (7) to (9), (8) to (10), (10) to (11), (12) to (13), (13) to (14), (14) to (15), (16) to (18), (17) to (19), (19) to (20), (20) to (22), (21) to (23), (22) to (24), (23) to (25), (24) to (28), (25) to (29), (26) to (30), (28) to (32), (29) to (33), (30) to (34), (31) to (35), (32) to (36), (33) to (37), (34) to (38), (35) to (40), (36) to (39), (37) to (41), (38) to (42), (39) to (43), (40) to (44), (41) to (46), (42) to (47), (44) to (48), (45) to (49), (46) to (50), (47) to (51), (48) to (52), (49) to (53), (50) to (54), (51) to (55), (52) to (56), (53) to (59), (54) to (60), (56) to (64), (59) to (12), (60) to (58), (61) to (21), (62) to (2), (63) to (27), (64) to (63) and (66) to (17), and rephrased renumbered Subsec. (10) re definition of “commissioner”; P.A. 84-546 redefined “commissioner” to include deputy commissioner of motor vehicles, attorney general and any assistant to motor vehicles commissioner, but did not take effect, P.A. 84-429 having taken precedence; P.A. 86-383 redefined “commercial motor vehicle” in Subdiv. (9) to include vehicles transporting other passengers with their necessary personal belongings; P.A. 88-245 made technical change to definition of “commissioner” in Subsec. (10); P.A. 90-263 subdivided the section into Subsecs. (a) and (b), in Subsec (a) amending Subdiv. (7) to substitute recreational for pleasure purposes and to delete phrase “used for the purpose of transporting personal property of the owner”, amending Subdiv. (8) to redefine “camper” as any motor vehicle designed or permanently altered in such a way as to provide temporary living quarters for travel, camping or recreational purposes, amending Subdiv. (9) to delete definition of “commercial motor vehicle” and insert definition of “combination registration”, adding new definitions of “commercial driver's license” in Subdiv. (10), “commercial motor vehicle” in Subdiv. (11), “commercial registration” in Subdiv. (12), “commercial trailer” in Subdiv. (13), “controlled substance” in Subdiv. (15), “conviction” in Subdiv. (16), “disqualification” in Subdiv. (18), “drive” in Subdiv. (19), “driver” in Subdiv. (20), “driver's license” in Subdiv. (21), “employee” in Subdiv. (22), “employer” in Subdiv. (23), “felony” in Subdiv. (25), “foreign jurisdiction” in Subdiv. (26), “gross weight rating” in Subdiv. (29), “hazardous materials” in Subdiv. (31), “motor home” in Subdiv. (45), “nonresident commercial driver's license” in Subdiv. (50), “out-of-service order” in Subdiv. (55), “passenger registration” in Subdiv. (60), “recreational vehicle” in Subdiv. (64), “serious traffic violation” in Subdiv. (70), “state” in Subdiv. (76), “tank vehicle” in Subdiv. (79), “United States” in Subdiv. (85), and “utility trailer” in Subdiv. (87) and renumbering the other Subdivs. accordingly, amending definition of “motor bus” in Subdiv. (44), formerly Subdiv. (28), to include any motor vehicle, except a taxicab, deleting reference to public service motor vehicle, amending definition of “operator” in Subdiv. (54), formerly Subdiv. (36), to include a driver, amending definition of “passenger and commercial motor vehicle” in Subdiv. (58), formerly Subdiv. (39), to include vehicles eligible for combination registration, amending definition of “passenger motor vehicle” in Subdiv. (59), formerly Subdiv. (40), to delete former provisions and insert new provisions concerning use, design and capacity, amending definition of “person” in Subdiv. (61), formerly Subdiv. (41), to specifically exclude the state or any political subdivision thereof, amending definition of “pole trailer” in Subdiv. (63), formerly Subdiv. (43), to delete reference to commercial motor vehicle, and deleting definition of “public service motor vehicle” in Subdiv. (44), and inserting new language in Subsec. (b) re meaning of term “public passenger transportation permit”; P.A. 91-272 amended exception to definition of “commercial motor vehicle” in Subsec. (a)(11)(B) to include vehicles designed to transport “more than” 10 passengers and used to transport students under 21 to and from school; P.A. 93-341 amended definition of “commercial driver's license” by deleting the reference to a “Class 1” license and reference to Sec. 14-36a, redefined “commercial motor vehicle” to exclude vehicles used “within one hundred fifty miles of a farm in connection with the operation of such farm” and recreational vehicles “in private use”, redefined “serious traffic violation” to add a new Subpara. (E) re accident resulting in death, redefined “service bus” to include “school bus” and added definition of “school bus”, renumbering previously existing Subdivs. of Subsec. (a) as necessary and made technical change in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-79 amended Subsec. (a)(61) by redefining “person” to include a limited liability company, effective May 31, 1995; P.A. 95-314 amended Subsec. (a)(69) to provide that a “second” or “subsequent” violation is one committed within “three” years after date of arrest resulting in a previous conviction for the same offense, in lieu of 5 years, and to redefine term in the case of a violation of Sec. 14-215, 14-224 or 14-227a(a); P.A. 97-236 redefined “service bus” to require that school bus be “regularly used” to carry 8 or more persons, effective June 24, 1997; P.A. 99-268 redefined “motorcycle” in Subsec. (a)(46) to exclude a vehicle “designed to have” a completely enclosed driver's seat in lieu of a vehicle having a completely “or partially” enclosed driver's seat, redefined “serious traffic violation” in Subsec. (a)(71) by changing from a violation of “sections 14-230 to 14-237, inclusive” to a violation of “section 14-236” in Subpara. (D) and redefined “service bus” in Subsec. (a)(72) to increase the minimum number of persons such vehicle may carry from “eight or more persons” to “ten or more passengers”; P.A. 00-35 redefined “wrecker” in Subsec. (a)(91) to delete “exclusively” following “equipped and used” and to add “by a person, firm or corporation licensed in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (D) of part III of this chapter”; P.A. 00-99 replaced reference to sheriff and deputy sheriff in Subsec. (a)(53) with state marshal, effective December 1, 2000; P.A. 00-169 redefined “person” in Subsec. (a)(61) to include a business trust and revised effective date of P.A. 99-268 but without affecting this section; P.A. 02-70 amended Subsec. (a)(9) to add “rating”, substituted “place of residence” for “legal residence” and provide that such residence be occupied for more than six months in a year in Subdiv. (67), added new Subdiv. (91) re definition of “vehicle identification number” or “VIN”, redesignated existing Subdiv. (91) as Subdiv. (92) and made technical changes in Subdivs. (4), (17), (40), (53) and (55), effective July 1, 2002, and amended Subsec. (a)(40) to add “new” and replace “under section 14-12, who offers the motor vehicles” with “by the commissioner, for operation upon any highway, which are offered” in Subpara. (A) and to make a technical change in Subpara. (B) (Revisor's note: The reference in Subsec. (a)(92) to “subdivision (D)” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “subpart (D)” for clarity of reference); P.A. 03-265 redefined “passenger motor vehicle” in Subdiv. (59); P.A. 04-199 defined “pick-up truck”, made technical changes and renumbered subdivs. in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-217 defined “activity vehicle”, “commercial driver's license information system”, “fatality”, “imminent hazard” and “National Driver Registry”, redefined “disqualification”, “school bus” and “serious traffic violation”, made technical changes and renumbered subdivs. in Subsec. (a), effective January 1, 2005; P.A. 05-218 amended Subsec. (a)(10) by substituting “twelve thousand five hundred” for “ten thousand” and amended Subsec. (a)(67) by deleting “and having a gross vehicle weight rating of less than ten thousand pounds” and, effective July 1, 2005, amended Subsec. (a)(3) by changing “twenty-five” to “twenty”, amended Subsec. (a)(44) by adding “except a utility trailer”, amended Subsec. (a)(47) by changing “twenty-five” to “twenty” and making a technical change, and added Subsec. (a)(99) defining “camp vehicle”; P.A. 06-130 amended Subsec. (a) by redefining “commercial motor vehicle” in Subdiv. (13), redefining “gross vehicle weight rating” in Subdiv. (32), redefining “hazardous materials” in Subdiv. (34), deleting former Subdiv. (46) re definition of “minibike or minicycle”, renumbering Subdivs. (47) to (50) as (46) to (49), inclusive, adding “mini-motorcycle” to definition of “motor vehicle” and renumbering it as Subdiv. (50), renumbering Subdivs. (52) to (97) as (51) to (96), inclusive, redefining “wrecker” and renumbering it as Subdiv. (97) and renumbering Subdiv. (99) as (98), effective June 2, 2006; P.A. 07-167 made technical changes in Subsec. (a)(13), (24) and (50), effective June 25, 2007, and deleted Subsec. (a) designator and former Subsec. (b) re definition of “public passenger transportation permit”, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 08-150 redefined “camp trailer” in Subdiv. (8), added new Subdiv. (9) defining “camp trailer registration”, added new Subdiv. (18) defining “commercial trailer registration”, added new Subdiv. (52) defining “motor-driven cycle”, redefined “motorcycle” in existing Subdiv. (49) and renumbered said definition as new Subdiv. (54), redefined “resident” in existing Subdiv. (72) and renumbered said definition as new Subdiv. (76), added new Subdiv. (88) defining “student”, renumbered existing Subdiv. (98) defining “camp vehicle” as new Subdiv. (10) and renumbered remaining Subdivs. and internal references accordingly; P.A. 09-187 amended Subdiv. (53) to replace “bicycles with helper motors” with “motor-driven cycles” in definition of “motor vehicle”, Subdiv. (63) to redefine “out-of-service order”, Subdiv. (80)(A) to replace “Speeding in excess of fifteen miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit” with “Excessive speeding, involving a single offense in which the speed is fifteen miles per hour or more above the posted speed limit” in definition of “serious traffic violation”, and Subdiv. (98) to delete “with a manufacturer's GVWR of ten thousand pounds or less” in definition of “utility trailer”; P.A. 10-32 made a technical change in Subdiv. (53), effective May 10, 2010; P.A. 10-110 deleted former Subdiv. (1) re definition of “activity vehicle” and redesignated existing Subdivs. (2) to (102) as Subdivs. (1) to (101), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-213 changed effective date of P.A. 10-110, S. 37, from July 1, 2011, to July 1, 2012, and redefined “serious traffic violation” in Subdiv. (79) of section as amended by P.A. 10-110, effective July 1, 2011, and redefined “serious traffic violation” in Subdiv. (80) of present section, effective July 13, 2011; P.A. 12-81 added new Subdiv. (1) restoring definition of “activity vehicle”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (1) to (101) as Subdivs. (2) to (102) and made a technical change in Subdiv. (62), effective July 1, 2012 (Revisor's note: In Subdiv. (53), a reference to “subsection (i) of section 14-165” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “section 14-165” to conform with a change made to the prior version of section by P.A. 10-32, S. 46); P.A. 13-271 amended Subdiv. (52) to redefine “motor-driven cycle” by replacing reference to motor horsepower with reference to motor capacity, amended Subdiv. (63) to redefine “out-of-service order” by replacing provision re orders issued by police or motor vehicle inspector with provision re orders issued by persons having inspection authority, replacing reference to commercial motor vehicle with reference to motor vehicle specified in Sec. 14-163c(a) and making technical changes, and amended Subdiv. (80) to redefine “serious traffic violation” by adding provision re use of hand-held mobile telephone or other electronic device in Subpara. (E) and replacing “while operating a commercial motor vehicle” with “by an operator who holds a commercial driver's license or instruction permit” in Subpara. (I), effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 13-277 amended Subdiv. (40) to redefine “highway” by adding reference to dedicated roadway for bus rapid transit service, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 14-130 added Subdiv. (103) defining “public passenger endorsement”, effective June 6, 2014; P.A. 15-46 added new Subdiv. (6) defining “autocycle”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (6) to (103) as Subdivs. (7) to (104), amended redesignated Subdiv. (53) to redefine “motor-driven cycle”, and amended redesignated Subdiv. (55) to redefine “motorcycle”, effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 16-55 redesignated existing Subdiv. (104) re public passenger endorsement as Subdiv. (74) and redesignated existing Subdivs. (74) to (103) as Subdivs. (75) to (104), effective May 31, 2016; P.A. 16-126 amended Subdiv. (79) by replacing reference to Sec. 14-227a(a) with reference to Sec. 14-227a and by adding reference to Sec. 14-227m; P.A. 17-202 amended Subdiv. (54) to replace “physically handicapped persons” with “persons with physical disabilities”; P.A. 18-165 added “sections 14-289k and 14-289l and this section” to introductory language, added new Subdiv. (13) defining “class 1 electric bicycle”, new Subdiv. (14) defining “class 2 electric bicycle” and new Subdiv. (15) defining “class 3 electric bicycle”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (13) to (27) as Subdivs. (16) to (30), added new Subdiv. (31) defining “electric bicycle”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (28) to (104) as (32) to (108), amended redesignated Subdiv. (57) redefining “motor-driven cycle”, redesignated Subdiv. (58) redefining “motor vehicle” and redesignated Subdiv. (59) redefining “motorcycle”, and made a conforming change; P.A. 19-119 amended Subdiv. (27) to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 19-162 deleted “, sections 14-289k and 14-289l and this section” in introductory language, added new Subdiv. (32) defining “electric foot scooter”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (32) to (108) as Subdivs. (33) to (109), amended redesignated Subdiv. (39) to replace “shall not include” with “does not include”, amended redesignated Subdiv. (59) to add reference to electric foot scooters, amended redesignated Subdiv. (60) to add reference to electric foot scooter and made technical changes.

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PART II

DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Sec. 14-11b. Driver training program for persons with disabilities. (a) There shall be within the Department of Aging and Disability Services a unit for the purpose of evaluating and training persons with disabilities in the operation of motor vehicles. There shall be assigned to the driver training unit for persons with disabilities such staff as is necessary for the orderly administration of the driver training program for persons with disabilities. The personnel assigned to the driver training unit for persons with disabilities shall, while engaged in the evaluation or instruction of a person with disabilities, have the authority and immunities with respect to such activities as are granted under the general statutes to motor vehicle inspectors. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may permit a person whose license has been withdrawn as a result of a condition that makes such person eligible for evaluation and training under this section to operate a motor vehicle while accompanied by personnel assigned to the driver training unit for persons with disabilities. When a person with disabilities has successfully completed the driver training program for persons with disabilities, the Department of Aging and Disability Services shall certify such completion in writing to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles and shall recommend any license restrictions or limitations to be placed on the license of such person. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may accept such certification in lieu of the driving skills portion of the examination prescribed under subsection (e) of section 14-36. If such person with disabilities has met all other requirements for obtaining a license, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall issue a license with such restrictions recommended by the Department of Aging and Disability Services.

(b) Any resident of this state who has a serious physical or mental disability which does not render the resident incapable of operating a motor vehicle and who must utilize special equipment in order to operate a motor vehicle and who cannot obtain instruction in the operation of a motor vehicle through any alternate program, including, but not limited to, other state, federal or privately operated drivers' schools shall be eligible for instruction under the Department of Aging and Disability Services driver training program for persons with disabilities.

(P.A. 76-283, S. 1, 2; P.A. 77-93; P.A. 11-44, S. 46; 11-61, S. 120; P.A. 12-81, S. 33; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, S. 63; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 196; P.A. 19-157, S. 36.)

History: P.A. 77-93 added to requirements in Subsec. (b) for eligibility for instruction by motor vehicles department by specifying that person must be one who needs to use special equipment and cannot obtain instruction through alternate program; P.A. 11-44 changed program name from “handicapped driver training program” to “driver training program for persons with disabilities”, replaced “Department of Motor Vehicles” with “Bureau of Rehabilitative Services” and made conforming and technical changes, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-61 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting provision re assignment of driver consultant for persons with disabilities to unit and deleting reference to driver consultant re authority and immunities, and amended Subsec. (b) by making a technical change, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-81 amended Subsec. (a) to delete reference to driver training unit personnel being engaged in “examination” of person with disabilities and add provisions requiring bureau to certify to commissioner successful completion of program by person with disabilities and recommend any license restrictions or limitations, authorizing commissioner to accept such certification in lieu of driving skills portion of examination and requiring commissioner to issue license with such restrictions as recommended by bureau if person has met all other license requirements, effective June 6, 2012; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1 replaced “Bureau of Rehabilitative Services” and “bureau” with “Department of Rehabilitation Services” and “department”, respectively, effective July 1, 2012; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provision re person with withdrawn license may operate a motor vehicle while accompanied by driver training unit personnel and making technical changes, effective June 30, 2015; P.A. 19-157 replaced “Department of Rehabilitation Services” with “Department of Aging and Disability Services”.

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Sec. 14-11j. Blue envelopes for persons with autism spectrum disorder. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, in consultation with the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association and at least one organization that advocates for persons with autism spectrum disorder, shall design and make available blue envelopes that (1) provide written information and guidance on the outside of the envelopes regarding ways to enhance effective communication between a police officer and a person with autism spectrum disorder, and (2) are capable of holding a person's motor vehicle operator's license, registration and insurance identification card. On and after January 1, 2020, upon request by a person with autism spectrum disorder or if such person is a minor, such person's parent or guardian, the commissioner shall provide a blue envelope designed pursuant to this section to such person, parent or guardian.

(P.A. 19-161, S. 39.)

History: P.A. 19-161 effective July 12, 2019.

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PART III

REGISTRATION AND LICENSES

(A)

REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Sec. 14-12. Motor vehicle registration. Application. Issuance by dealers. Misrepresentation. Registration number and certificate. Requirements for registration. Regulations. Temporary registration. Number of registered electric vehicles. (a) No motor vehicle shall be operated, towed or parked on any highway, except as otherwise expressly provided, unless it is registered with the commissioner, provided any motor vehicle may be towed for repairs or necessary work if it bears the markers of a licensed and registered dealer, manufacturer or repairer and provided any motor vehicle which is validly registered in another state may, for a period of sixty days following establishment by the owner of residence in this state, be operated on any highway without first being registered with the commissioner. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, (1) a person commits an infraction if such person (A) registers a motor vehicle he or she does not own, or (B) operates, allows the operation of, parks or allows the parking of an unregistered motor vehicle on any highway, or (2) a resident of this state who operates or parks a motor vehicle such resident owns with marker plates issued by another state on any highway shall be fined one thousand dollars. If the owner of a motor vehicle previously registered with the commissioner, the registration of which expired not more than thirty days previously, operates, allows the operation of, parks or allows that parking of such a motor vehicle, such owner shall be fined the amount designated for the infraction of failure to renew a registration, but the right to retain his or her operator's license shall not be affected. No operator other than the owner shall be subject to penalty for the operation or parking of such a previously registered motor vehicle. As used in this subsection, the term “unregistered motor vehicle” includes any vehicle that is not eligible for registration by the commissioner due to the absence of necessary equipment or other characteristics of the vehicle that make it unsuitable for highway operation, unless the operation of such vehicle is expressly permitted by another provision of this chapter or chapter 248.

(b) To obtain a motor vehicle registration, except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, the owner shall file in the office of the commissioner an application signed by him and containing such information and proof of ownership as the commissioner may require. The application shall be made on blanks furnished by the commissioner. The blanks shall be in such form and contain such provisions and information as the commissioner may determine.

(c) The commissioner may, for the more efficient administration of the commissioner's duties, appoint licensed dealers meeting qualifications established by the commissioner pursuant to regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to issue new registrations for passenger motor vehicles, motorcycles, campers, camp trailers, commercial trailers, service buses, school buses, trucks or other vehicle types as determined by the commissioner when they are sold by a licensed dealer. The commissioner shall charge such dealer a fee of ten dollars for each new dealer issue form furnished for the purposes of this subsection. A person purchasing a motor vehicle or other vehicle type as determined by the commissioner from a dealer so appointed and registering such vehicle pursuant to this section shall file an application with the dealer and pay, to the dealer, a fee in accordance with the provisions of section 14-49. The commissioner shall prescribe the time and manner in which the application and fee shall be transmitted to the commissioner.

(d) A motor vehicle registration certificate issued upon an application containing any material false statement is void from the date of its issue and shall be surrendered, upon demand, with any number plate or plates, to the commissioner. Any money paid for the registration certificate shall be forfeited to the state. No person shall obtain or attempt to obtain any registration for another by misrepresentation or impersonation and any registration so obtained shall be void. The commissioner may require each applicant for a motor vehicle registration to furnish personal identification satisfactory to the commissioner and may require any applicant who has established residence in this state for more than thirty days to obtain a motor vehicle operator's license, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of section 14-36, or an identification card issued pursuant to section 1-1h. Any person who violates any provision of this subsection and any person who fails to surrender a falsely obtained motor vehicle registration or number plate or plates upon the demand of the commissioner shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars.

(e) The commissioner may register any motor vehicle under the provisions of this chapter, may assign a distinguishing registration number to the registered motor vehicle and may then issue a certificate of registration to the owner. A certificate of registration shall contain the registration number assigned to the motor vehicle and its vehicle identification number and shall be in such form and contain such further information as the commissioner determines.

(f) (1) The commissioner may refuse to register or issue a certificate of title for a motor vehicle or class of motor vehicles if he determines that the characteristics of the motor vehicle or class of motor vehicles make it unsafe for highway operation. The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to implement the provisions of this subsection and the provisions of subsection (h) of this section.

(2) The commissioner shall not register a motor vehicle if he knows that the motor vehicle's equipment fails to comply with the provisions of this chapter, provided nothing contained in this section shall preclude the commissioner from issuing one or more temporary registrations for a motor vehicle not previously registered in this state or from issuing a temporary registration for a motor vehicle under a trade name without a certified copy of the notice required by section 35-1.

(3) The commissioner shall not register any motor vehicle, except a platform truck the motive power of which is electricity, or a tractor equipped with solid tires, if it is not equipped with lighting devices as prescribed by this chapter. The registration of any motor vehicle which is not equipped with such prescribed lighting devices is void and money paid for the registration shall be forfeited to the state. Nothing in this subdivision shall prevent the commissioner, at his discretion, from registering a motor vehicle not equipped with certain lighting devices if the operation of the vehicle is restricted to daylight use.

(4) The commissioner shall not register any motor vehicle or a combination of a motor vehicle and a trailer or semitrailer which exceeds the limits specified in section 14-267a.

(5) On or after October 1, 1984, no motor vehicle registration shall be issued by the commissioner for any motorcycle unless the application for registration is accompanied by sufficient proof, as determined by the commissioner, that the motorcycle is insured for the amounts required by section 14-289f.

(6) The commissioner shall not register any motor vehicle which is subject to the federal heavy vehicle use tax imposed under Section 4481 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, if the applicant fails to furnish proof of payment of such tax, in a form prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States.

(g) The commissioner may elect not to register any motor vehicle which is ten or more model years old and which has not been previously registered in this state until the same has been presented, as directed by the commissioner, at the main office or a branch office of the Department of Motor Vehicles or to any designated official emissions inspection station or other business or firm, authorized by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles to conduct safety inspections, and has passed the inspection as to its safety features as required by the commissioner. When a motor vehicle owned by a resident of this state is garaged in another jurisdiction and cannot be conveniently presented at an office of the Department of Motor Vehicles, an authorized emissions inspection station or other facility, the commissioner may accept an inspection made by authorities in such other jurisdiction or by appropriate military authorities, provided the commissioner determines that such inspection is comparable to that conducted by the Department of Motor Vehicles. If the commissioner authorizes the contractor that operates the system of official emissions inspection stations or other business or firm to conduct the safety inspections required by this subsection, the commissioner may authorize the contractor or other business or firm to charge a fee, not to exceed fifteen dollars, for each such inspection. The commissioner may authorize any motor vehicle dealer or repairer, licensed in accordance with section 14-52 and meeting qualifications established by the commissioner, to perform an inspection required by this section or to make repairs to any motor vehicle that has failed an initial safety inspection and to certify to the commissioner that the motor vehicle is in compliance with the safety and equipment standards for registration. No such authorized dealer or repairer shall charge any additional fee to make such certification to the commissioner. If the commissioner authorizes any such dealer or repairer to conduct safety inspections, such licensee may provide written certification to the commissioner, in such form and manner as the commissioner prescribes, as to compliance of any motor vehicle in its inventory with safety and equipment standards and such certification may be accepted by the commissioner as meeting the inspection requirements of this subsection.

(h) The commissioner shall not register any motor vehicle unless it meets the equipment related registration requirements contained in sections 14-80, 14-100, 14-100a, 14-100b, 14-106a and 14-275.

(i) The commissioner or any city, town, borough or other taxing district authorized under subsection (f) of section 14-33 may issue a temporary registration to the owner of a motor vehicle. The application for a temporary registration shall conform to the provisions of this section. A temporary registration may be issued for a time determined by the commissioner and may be renewed from time to time at the discretion of the commissioner. The fee for a temporary registration or any renewal thereof shall be as provided in subsection (n) of section 14-49.

(j) The commissioner may issue a special use registration to the owner of a motor vehicle for a period not to exceed thirty days for the sole purpose of driving such vehicle to another state in which the vehicle is to be registered and exclusively used. The application for such registration shall conform to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section. The commissioner may issue special use certificates and plates in such form as he may determine. The special use certificate shall state such limitation on the operation of such vehicle and shall be carried in the vehicle at all times when it is being operated on any highway.

(k) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a), (b) and (e) of this section, the commissioner shall issue to a municipality, as defined in section 7-245, or a regional solid waste authority comprised of several municipalities, upon receipt of an application by the municipality or regional solid waste authority, a general distinguishing number plate for use on a motor vehicle owned or leased by such municipality or regional solid waste authority.

(l) Not later than January 1, 2018, the Department of Motor Vehicles shall record the number of electric vehicles, as defined in section 16-19eee, registered in the state. This data shall be publicly available on the department's Internet web site and shall include (1) the number of electric vehicles registered in the state each year, and (2) the total number of electric vehicles registered in the state. The department shall update this information every six months.

(1949 Rev., S. 2361; 1957, P.A. 190; 1961, P.A. 233, S. 1; 581, S. 1; 1963, P.A. 520; 550, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 205; 858; 1969, P.A. 701, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 535; 1972, P.A. 284; P.A. 73-134; P.A. 75-577, S. 11, 126; P.A. 79-188, S. 4, 10; P.A. 83-489, S. 1, 17; P.A. 84-254, S. 22, 62; 84-291, S. 2; 84-429, S. 3; P.A. 85-128; 85-181; 85-214; 85-613, S. 145, 154; P.A. 86-157, S. 1; P.A. 88-270, S. 5, 8; P.A. 89-211, S. 27; P.A. 91-355, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-13, S. 4, 21; P.A. 93-341, S. 2; P.A. 94-189, S. 2; P.A. 95-260, S. 16, 24; P.A. 98-33, S. 1; P.A. 99-287, S. 1, 9; P.A. 00-169, S. 1; P.A. 01-24, S. 2, 5; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 52, 131; P.A. 02-70, S. 70, 71; P.A. 04-199, S. 26; P.A. 05-218, S. 4; P.A. 08-150, S. 4; P.A. 09-187, S. 12; P.A. 11-6, S. 112; 11-48, S. 25; 11-213, S. 6; P.A. 12-81, S. 1; P.A. 16-135, S. 2; P.A. 17-79, S. 22, 24; P.A. 19-165, S. 12.)

History: 1961 acts amended provision prohibiting registration of vehicle exceeding limits in Sec. 14-268, previous section having read “the sum of the light weight and carrying capacity of which exceeds,” increased the inspection fee in the last sentence from $1 and deleted provision re not registering a vehicle previously reported as sold for junk and requiring maintenance of records of such sales for 2 years; 1963 acts added provisions re operation of vehicle registered in another state for 60 days and providing for operation where registration expired less than 30 days prior to operation on highway; 1967 acts added provision allowing commissioner to issue temporary 10-day registration without regard to inspection requirements, substituted “is” for “was” in provision re vehicles registered in another state and specified that vehicle “which has been registered on an annual basis” is allowed 30-day grace period; 1969 act added provision allowing temporary registration for motor vehicles not previously registered in state and allowed issuance of more than one temporary registration; 1971 act added provision allowing commissioner to refuse registration or title for motor vehicle or class of vehicles when he determines the vehicle or class to be unsafe for highway operation; 1972 act added Subsec. (b) re issuance of new registrations by motor vehicle dealers; P.A. 73-134 specified that proof of ownership necessary for registration, and added provision allowing acceptance of inspection made in another jurisdiction or by military authorities in certain instances; P.A. 75-577 replaced provisions re fines for violation of registration procedures with references to commission of infraction and payment of amount not specified; P.A. 79-188 substituted Sec. 14-267a for reference to repealed Sec. 14-268; P.A. 83-489 amended Subsec. (a) to increase inspection fee from $2 to $7; P.A. 84-254 amended Subsec. (a) (now Subsec. (g)) to periodically increase the existing $7 motor vehicle safety features inspection fee to $25 as of July 1, 1993; P.A. 84-291 amended Subsec. (a) (now Subsec. (f)) to prohibit the issuance of a motorcycle registration without proof of liability insurance, which provision was editorially designated as Subdiv. (5) of Subsec. (f) in keeping with the technical revision of the section under P.A. 84-429; P.A. 84-429 relettered Subsecs., rephrased provisions, transferred provision concerning certificates of title to Sec. 14-16(f), added provisions re applications to Subsec. (b) from Sec. 14-42(a), added provisions re false statements to Subsec. (d) from Sec. 14-43, added provisions re registration certificates to Subsec. (e) from Sec. 14-13(a), added provisions re temporary registrations to Subsec. (i) from Sec. 14-13(c), and made other technical changes; P.A. 85-128 added Subsec. (f)(6), requiring commissioner not to register any vehicle subject to the federal heavy vehicle use tax if applicant fails to furnish proof of tax payment; P.A. 85-181 added Subsec. (j), permitting the issuance of municipal license plates for use on vehicles owned or leased by municipalities; P.A. 85-214 amended Subsec. (c) to permit commissioner to appoint licensed dealers to issue new registrations for motorcycles when sold; P.A. 85-613 amended Subsec. (j) by changing “may issue” to “shall issue” and adding “as defined in section 7-245, upon receipt of an application by the municipality”; P.A. 86-157 inserted new Subsec. (j), authorizing the issuance of special use registrations, relettering former Subsec. accordingly; P.A. 88-270 amended Subsec. (e) to require the registration certificate to contain the vehicle identification number; P.A. 89-211 clarified reference to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; P.A. 91-355 amended Subsec. (g) to provide for conduct of inspections at authorized official emissions inspection stations and to require inspection fees collected at such inspection stations to be deposited in separate safety inspection account within emissions inspection fund; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-13 added fee for each book of twenty-five new dealer issue forms; P.A. 93-341 amended Subsec. (k) to apply provisions to regional solid waste authorities comprised of several municipalities; P.A. 94-189 amended Subsec. (g) by adding to the exception “a motor vehicle which has affixed to it a current, valid safety inspection decal issued by any other state that conducts a safety inspection program which meets the approval of the commissioner” and deleting obsolete inspection fee schedule of increases; P.A. 95-260 amended Subsec. (g) to provide for conduct of safety inspections at other facilities authorized by commissioner, effective June 13, 1995; P.A. 98-33 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “repairman” with “repairer” and establishing a fine of not less than $150 nor more than $300 for a resident of this state operating a motor vehicle he owns with marker plates issued by another state; P.A. 99-287 amended Subsec. (g) by limiting motor vehicles required to have safety inspections prior to registration to those 10 or more model years old and deleting provisions re new motor vehicles or motor vehicles with a valid safety inspection decal, by deleting provision re presenting motor vehicle during business hours and adding provision re presenting same as directed by the commissioner, by allowing a “designated” official emissions inspection station or other “business or firm, except a licensee of the department”, to conduct safety inspections, by deleting provision requiring a $25 fee to be charged for a safety inspection and deposited into a safety inspection account within the Emissions Inspection Fund, by adding provisions re authorization of entities to conduct safety inspections, charge an inspection fee and repair vehicles failing such inspections, and by making technical changes, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-169 amended Subsec. (c) to allow licensed dealers to issue new registrations for campers, camp trailers or trucks with a gross vehicle weight up to and including 26,000 pounds and made technical changes for the purposes of gender neutrality; P.A. 01-24 amended Subsec. (g) by changing “shall not” to “may elect not to” re registration of motor vehicles which are 10 or more model years old and which have not been previously registered in this state, deleting provision authorizing a licensee of the department to conduct safety inspections on such motor vehicles, allowing certain motor vehicle dealers and repairers to perform inspections required by section, deleting provision re the commissioner's issuing temporary registrations without regard to the inspection requirements of the general statutes, and adding provision re licensee's submission of written certification of compliance of any motor vehicle in its inventory with safety and equipment standards, effective May 15, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 amended Subsec. (c) to increase the fee for a new dealer issue form from $10 for a book of 25 to $10 for each form, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 02-70 amended Subsec. (f)(5) to eliminate requirement that proof of insurance be submitted for renewal of a motorcycle registration and amended Subsec. (f)(6) to make a technical change and substitute Internal Revenue Code of “1954” for “1986”, effective July 1, 2002; P.A. 04-199 amended Subsec. (i) to eliminate provision permitting commissioner to require deposit from applicant for temporary registration, to permit temporary registration to be issued for time determined by commissioner and to establish fee for temporary registration or renewal as provided in Sec. 14-49(n), effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 05-218 amended Subsec. (d) by adding provision authorizing commissioner to require identification for applicant for registration and resident in state for 30 days to obtain an operator's license or identification card, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 08-150 amended Subsec. (a) to add definition of “unregistered motor vehicle”; P.A. 09-187 amended Subsec. (f)(1) to authorize adoption of regulations for purposes of Subsecs. (f) and (h), effective July 8, 2009; P.A. 11-6 amended Subsec. (a) to make technical changes and, in Subdiv. (2), to increase fine from not less than $150 or more than $300 to $1,000, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-48 amended Subsec. (i) by adding provision re issuance of temporary registration by authorized city, town, borough or other taxing district, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-213 amended Subsec. (c) to include issuance of registration for commercial trailers, service buses and school buses, require vehicles to be sold by licensed dealer, delete gross vehicle weight limit of 26,000 pounds and make technical changes, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-81 amended Subsec. (c) to authorize licensed dealers to issue new registrations for “other vehicle types as determined by the commissioner” and make conforming changes, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 16-135 added Subsec. (l) re number of registered electric vehicles, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 17-79 amended Subsec. (a) to add provisions re parked motor vehicles, designate existing provisions re infraction as Subparas. (A) and (B) in Subdiv. (1), and make technical and conforming changes; P.A. 17-79 amended Subsec. (c) to make a technical change; P.A. 19-165 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “on an annual or biennial basis” with “with the commissioner”, effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-12o. Courtesy registration when proof of ownership pending. (a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may issue a registration, limited to six months in duration, for any motor vehicle for which adequate proof of ownership is pending, including a motor vehicle previously registered in another state that is awaiting the out-of-state title or title lien release required for obtaining a permanent registration in this state. Such registration shall be known as a courtesy registration and in no case shall such registration be issued without proper sale documents in the name of the person seeking to obtain such registration and without meeting all other requirements for the registration of the motor vehicle.

(b) For six months or any part thereof, the fee for a courtesy registration shall be one-sixth of the amount specified for a three-year permanent registration, one-quarter of the amount specified for a two-year permanent registration and one-half of the amount specified for a one-year permanent registration. The owner of a motor vehicle with a courtesy registration may receive a permanent registration upon presentation of documents to the commissioner demonstrating proof of ownership. No part of the fee paid for a courtesy registration shall be refunded or applied to the fee for the permanent registration of the motor vehicle.

(P.A. 12-81, S. 21; P.A. 19-165, S. 4.)

History: P.A. 19-165 amended Subsec. (b) to add “one-sixth of the amount specified for a three-year permanent registration,”, effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-12t. Regulations. The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to implement the provisions of subsection (g) of section 13b-59, subsection (g) of section 14-12 and sections 14-12r, 14-12s and 14-16a. The regulations shall include the qualifications to be met by any dealer or repairer authorized by the commissioner to conduct inspections in accordance with subsection (g) of section 14-12 and sections 14-12r and 14-16a.

(P.A. 99-287, S. 6, 9; P.A. 19-165, S. 16.)

History: P.A. 99-287 effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 19-165 deleted reference to Sec. 14-41(a) and made technical changes, effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-21aa. Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account. (a) There is established an account to be known as the “Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account”. The Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account shall be a separate, nonlapsing account of the General Fund. Any moneys required by law to be deposited in the account shall be deposited in and credited to the Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account. The account shall be available to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection for (1) restoration and rehabilitation of lakes, rivers and ponds in the state; (2) programs of the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection for the eradication of aquatic invasive species and cyanobacteria blooms; (3) education and public outreach programs to enhance the public's understanding of the need to protect and preserve the state's lakes, rivers and ponds; (4) allocation of grants to state and municipal agencies and not-for-profit organizations to conduct research and to provide public education and public awareness to enhance understanding and management of the natural resources of the state's lakes, rivers and ponds; (5) provision of funds for all services that support the protection and conservation of the state's lakes, rivers and ponds; and (6) reimbursement of the Department of Motor Vehicles for the cost of producing, issuing, renewing and replacing Save Our Lakes commemorative number plates, including administrative expenses, pursuant to section 14-21z.

(b) The commissioner may receive private donations to the Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account and any such receipts shall be deposited in the account.

(c) The commissioner may provide for the reproduction and marketing of the Save Our Lakes commemorative number plate image for use on clothing, recreational equipment, posters, mementoes, or other products or programs deemed by the commissioner to be suitable as a means of supporting the Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account. Any funds received by the commissioner from such marketing shall be deposited in the Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account.

(d) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, not less than eighty per cent of any funds deposited into the Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account pursuant to section 14-21bb shall be utilized for the purposes described in subdivisions (2) to (4), inclusive, of subsection (a) of this section.

(P.A. 18-101, S. 2; P.A. 19-190, S. 2.)

History: P.A. 19-190 changed the name of the account from the “Connecticut Lakes and Ponds Preservation account” to the “Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account”, added Subsec. (d) re not less than 80 per cent of funds deposited into account to be utilized for certain purposes, and added references to rivers, effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-21bb. Aquatic Invasive Species fee. Requirements for payment of fee. (a) Any person who registers a vessel or renews a vessel registration pursuant to section 15-144 and who intends to operate or allow such vessel to be operated on the waters of the state shall concomitantly, in addition to the remittance of any fee required pursuant to section 15-144, pay an Aquatic Invasive Species fee of five dollars. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall cause all revenues collected pursuant to this section to be deposited in the Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account established in section 14-21aa.

(b) Any person who intends to operate or allow a vessel to be operated on the inland waters of the state that is registered in another state shall, prior to such operation, pay an Aquatic Invasive Species fee of twenty dollars to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. Such fees shall be paid annually and such payment shall be valid until the last day of December of such year. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall cause all revenues collected pursuant to this subsection to be deposited in the Connecticut Lakes, Rivers and Ponds Preservation account established in section 14-21aa. Any person who operates a vessel on the inland waters of the state in violation of the provisions of this subsection shall have committed an infraction and shall be fined not more than eighty-five dollars.

(P.A. 19-190, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 19-190 effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-22. Expiration and renewal. (a) Except as otherwise provided in the general statutes, a motor vehicle registration issued pursuant to this chapter shall expire either two or three years from the date of issuance, at the discretion of the commissioner and in accordance with schedules established by the commissioner. Such schedules may include staggered renewal of registrations. If the expiration date of the registration of the motor vehicle, except the registration of a motor vehicle used to transport passengers for hire, falls on any day when the offices of the commissioner are closed for business, the registration shall be deemed valid for the operation of the motor vehicle until midnight of the next day on which the offices of the commissioner are open for business. The commissioner shall prescribe the date and manner of renewing registrations. Not less than thirty days prior to the expiration of any valid registration, the department shall send or transmit, in such manner as the commissioner determines, an application for renewal to the registrant. In the case of a motor vehicle registered to a leasing company licensed pursuant to section 14-15, the department may send or transmit, in such manner as the commissioner determines, an application for renewal of a leased vehicle to the lessee of such vehicle. If a registrant is prohibited from renewing a registration for failing to comply with one or more provisions of law or owes fines or fees to the department related to any motor vehicle owned or leased by the registrant or pursuant to subsection (f) of section 14-50, the department may send or transmit, in lieu of a renewal application, a notice that (1) describes the compliance issue or the type and amount of any fee or fine owed, and (2) states that the registrant's registration will not be renewed until the compliance issue is resolved or the fee or fine is paid in full. The commissioner shall not be required to send or transmit a registrant's or lessee's application or notice by mail if the United States Postal Service has determined that mail is undeliverable to such person at the address for such person that is in the records of the department. Except for the processing of such application at an official emissions inspection station as provided in subsection (b) of this section, the commissioner may require that the application be returned electronically or by mail in order to be processed and approved, with only such exceptions, on a hardship basis, as shall be established by the commissioner in regulations adopted pursuant to chapter 54.

(b) The commissioner may provide for the renewal of passenger registrations at official emissions inspection stations established pursuant to chapter 246a in accordance with schedules established by the commissioner. The commissioner may employ the services of the independent contractor which operates the system of official emissions inspection stations to process such applications for renewal in accordance with standards and procedures established by the commissioner.

(c) The registration fee for a registration that expires two years from the date of issuance shall be a prorated amount of the fee for a triennial registration. If the adoption of a staggered system results in the expiration of any registration more than two or three years from its issuance, a prorated amount of the registration fee paid shall be charged in addition to the registration fee.

(1949 Rev., S. 2367; 1955, S. 1292d; November, 1955, S. N163; 1957, P.A. 255; 1959, P.A. 657, S. 2; 1961, P.A. 233, S. 4; 286; February, 1965, P.A. 561; 1971, P.A. 522; P.A. 73-101; P.A. 76-338, S. 2, 8; P.A. 77-343, S. 3, 5; P.A. 80-466, S. 8, 9, 25; P.A. 84-429, S. 12; P.A. 85-115; 85-613, S. 135, 154; P.A. 87-329, S. 22, 23; P.A. 90-263, S. 45, 74; P.A. 92-156, S. 1, 7; P.A. 93-341, S. 4, 38; P.A. 95-260, S. 7, 24; P.A. 10-110, S. 5; P.A. 11-213, S. 9; P.A. 18-164, S. 21; P.A. 19-119, S. 1; 19-165, S. 5.)

History: 1959 act changed expiration of registrations from uniform date to staggered system; 1961 acts added Subsec. (b) and made technical changes in Subsec. (a); 1965 act added end-of-month requirement to expiration schedules; 1971 act added proviso in Subsec. (a) continuing registrations which expire on Saturday, Sunday or holiday to next open business day of state offices; P.A. 73-101 clarified proviso by replacing reference to weekends and holidays with “any day when offices of the commissioner are closed for business” and replacing reference to next open day of state offices with next open day of “offices of the commissioner”, reflecting fact that motor vehicles offices maintain different operating schedule; P.A. 76-338 replaced “July” with “August” and “August” with “September” in Subsec. (b) and added Subsec. (c) re property tax validation; P.A. 77-343 deleted Subsec. (c); P.A. 80-466 amended Subsec. (a) to include reference to single plate and to biennial rather than annual registrations; P.A. 84-429 rephrased provisions and made other technical changes; P.A. 85-115 amended Subsec. (b), providing that a service bus registration issued before September first is valid August fifteenth or the date of issue, whichever is later; P.A. 85-613 changed effective date of P.A. 85-115 from October 1, 1985, to July 1, 1985; P.A. 87-329 amended Subsec. (a) to permit motor vehicle registrations to expire on the fifteenth day of the month indicated on the sticker, effective July 1, 1988; P.A. 90-263 amended Subsec. (a) to substitute phrase motor vehicle used to transport passengers for hire for public service motor vehicle; P.A. 92-156 amended Subsec. (a) to eliminate requirement that schedules established by the commissioner provide that expirations occur on fifteenth or last day of month indicated on sticker, to require renewal applications to be mailed not less than 45 days prior to expiration, to permit commissioner to require that applications be returned by mail, with exceptions based on hardship established in regulations, and to authorize commissioner to provide for registration renewal at emissions inspection stations; P.A. 93-341 deleted Subsec. (b) re expiration and issuance dates for service buses, amending Subsec. (a) to delete reference to Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-260 divided the section into Subsecs., amended Subsec. (a) to add an exception to return of renewal application by mail for processing of such application at an emissions inspection station or by telephone, amended Subsec. (b) to make technical changes and to allow commissioner to employ the services of the independent contractor which operates emissions inspection stations to process applications for passenger registration renewal in accordance with established procedures and inserted new language as Subsec. (c) allowing commissioner to provide for renewal of registration of any motor vehicle by telephone request and order and to charge service fee of $5 for such renewal and specifying administrative procedures for such renewal, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 10-110 amended Subsec. (a) to authorize department to mail renewal application to lessee of leased vehicle registered to leasing company and make a technical change, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 11-213 amended Subsec. (a) to replace provisions re mailing of renewal applications with provisions re sending or transmittal of renewal applications in such manner as commissioner determines, authorize electronic return requirement and exempt commissioner from sending application by mail if mail is undeliverable, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 18-164 amended Subsec. (a) to decrease amount of time renewal applications to be mailed prior to expiration from not less than 45 days to not less than 30 days, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-119 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision re notice in lieu of renewal application and make technical changes, effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 19-165 amended Subsec. (a) to add provisions re registration to expire 2 or 3 years from issuance at discretion of commissioner and re staggered renewals and delete reference to former Subsec. (c), amended Subsec. (b) to delete provision re expiration of registration and emission stickers to occur on same date, deleted former Subsec. (c) re renewal of registration by telephone, and redesignated existing Subsec. (d) as new Subsec. (c) and amended same to add provision re fee for two-year registration and made technical and conforming changes, effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-25c. Registration of motor vehicle used as a student transportation vehicle. Distinctive marker plates. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall issue distinctive registration marker plates to each motor vehicle, except a taxicab or motor vehicle in livery service, that is used as a student transportation vehicle, as defined in section 14-212. Each such registration of a student transportation vehicle shall be issued for a period of one year and, subject to the provisions of subsection (d) of section 14-103, may be renewed by the owner, in accordance with schedules established by the commissioner. The fee for such registration or for any renewal thereof shall be determined as follows: (1) In the case of any such motor vehicle designed as a service bus, the fee shall be one-half of the fee prescribed for the registration of a service bus, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (p) of section 14-49, and (2) in the case of any such motor vehicle designed as a passenger motor vehicle, the fee shall be one-half of the fee prescribed for the biennial registration of a passenger motor vehicle or one-third of the fee prescribed for the triennial registration of a passenger motor vehicle, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 14-49.

(P.A. 05-218, S. 13; P.A. 19-165, S. 6.)

History: P.A. 05-218 effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 19-165 amended Subdiv. (2) by adding provision re fee for triennial registration of passenger motor vehicle and made a conforming change, effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-28. Passenger motor vehicle plates for livery cars or taxicabs. For a fee of seven dollars, the commissioner may furnish to each holder of a livery or taxicab registration an additional passenger motor vehicle number plate or set of number plates in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 14-21b to be used on the motor vehicle in livery service or taxicab when not engaged in public service business, provided such vehicle or taxicab meets the criteria for registration as a passenger vehicle under the provisions of this chapter.

(1949 Rev., S. 2390; 1961, P.A. 581, S. 4; 1969, P.A. 759, S. 2; P.A. 75-213, S. 7, 53; P.A. 80-466, S. 11, 25; P.A. 84-254, S. 27, 62; P.A. 86-388, S. 26, 31; P.A. 87-329, S. 3; P.A. 19-119, S. 2.)

History: 1961 act increased fee from $1 to $2; 1969 act raised fee to $3; P.A. 75-213 raised fee to $4; P.A. 80-466 referred to single plate rather than set of plates; P.A. 84-254 increased periodically the existing $4 fee to $8 as of July 1, 1992; P.A. 86-388 included reference to issuance of a set of number plates in accordance with provisions of Sec. 14-21b(a); P.A. 87-329 maintained the fee at the level existing on and after July 1, 1986, and decreased the fee effective July 1, 1992, to the level formerly existing on and after July 1, 1988; P.A. 19-119 added provision re meeting criteria for registration as passenger vehicle and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 14-34a. Reciprocal agreements apportioning the registration of commercial vehicles. (a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles is authorized to enter into reciprocal agreements or plans on behalf of the state of Connecticut with the appropriate authorities of any of the states, territories or possessions of the United States, the District of Columbia, or any state or province of any country providing for the registration of commercial vehicles on an apportionment or allocation basis, and may, in the exercise of this authority, enter into and become a member of the International Registration Plan developed by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. Any such reciprocal agreement or plan may provide for, but shall not be limited to, the following: (1) Full reciprocity in accordance with such agreement or plan for commercial vehicles not based in Connecticut, operated solely in interstate commerce and of specified types or gross or unladen weights, in exchange for equivalent reciprocity for Connecticut based commercial vehicles; (2) reciprocal exchange of audits of records of the owners of such commercial vehicles by the states participating in any such agreement or plan; and (3) any other matters which would facilitate the administration of such agreement or plan, including exchange of information for audits, enforcement activities and collection and disbursement of proportional registration fees for other jurisdictions in the case of Connecticut based commercial vehicles.

(b) Any reciprocal agreement, arrangement or declaration relating to commercial vehicles in effect between this state and any jurisdiction not a party to such reciprocal agreement or plan, or which relates to any matters not covered in such reciprocal agreement or plan shall continue in force and effect until specifically amended or revoked as provided by law.

(c) Notwithstanding any such agreement or plan, (1) any such commercial vehicle garaged at any fixed location or which leaves from and returns to one or more points within this state in the normal course of operations, shall be taxable in this state as personal property in the town where such vehicle is garaged; (2) registration shall be denied to any such vehicle if any personal property taxes are unpaid with respect to such vehicle, as provided in section 14-33; and (3) any such vehicle based in this state shall be subject to the provisions of sections 14-12, 14-15, 14-15a, 14-16a and chapter 247.

(d) At such time as the state of Connecticut may enter into and become a member of the International Registration Plan pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the provisions of the plan, as it may be amended from time to time, which are concerned with the registration of any vehicle or the fees which relate to any such registration shall control whenever any special act or any provision of the general statutes, except subsection (c) of this section, conflicts with any provision of the plan. A copy of the plan, as it may be amended from time to time, shall be maintained on file by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles at the main office of the department, and shall be available for public inspection.

(e) If the International Registration Plan is entered into by this state pursuant to subsection (a) of this section and the plan requires that a member jurisdiction accept registration or other documents under the plan in electronic format, the registrant may show a legible electronic image of such registration or document to any person who is required or authorized, in connection with such person's employment, to view such registration or document. If a registrant presents such registration or document by displaying an electronic image on a cellular mobile telephone or other electronic device, such person may not view, and offering such display shall not be construed to be consent for such person to view, any content on such telephone or electronic device other than such registration or document. No person who is required or authorized to view registrations or documents under the plan shall be liable for any damage to, or destruction of, a cellular mobile telephone or other electronic device provided to such person for the purpose of displaying an electronic image of a registration or document.

(f) Any commercial vehicle that is required to be registered in another jurisdiction shall not operate on any highway of the state without being so registered. Any commercial vehicle that is registered in any other jurisdiction and is eligible for registration on an apportionment basis shall not be operated on any highway without such registration or a seventy-two-hour trip permit registration issued by the commissioner. Any person who owns any motor vehicle operated in violation of this subsection shall be fined five hundred dollars for the first offense, and for each subsequent offense, not less than one thousand dollars nor more than two thousand dollars, except if the motor vehicle has a gross vehicle weight rating of more than sixty thousand pounds, such owner shall be fined one thousand dollars for the first offense, and for each subsequent offense, not less than two thousand dollars nor more than four thousand dollars.

(P.A. 76-107, S. 1, 2; P.A. 78-222; P.A. 96-167, S. 5; P.A. 08-150, S. 6; P.A. 11-213, S. 10; P.A. 19-119, S. 3.)

History: P.A. 78-222 added Subsec. (d) re effect of International Registration Plan on fees; P.A. 96-167 added Subsec. (e) re registration requirements for commercial vehicles registered in any other jurisdiction and eligible for registration on apportionment basis; P.A. 08-150 amended Subsec. (d) to add reference to the plan “as it may be amended from time to time” and require a copy of the plan to be maintained on file by commissioner at the main office of department and be available for public inspection; P.A. 11-213 amended Subsec. (e) to prohibit operation of unregistered commercial vehicle required to be registered in another jurisdiction and to change “gross weight” to “gross vehicle weight rating”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 19-119 amended Subsec. (a) to add “, territories or possessions”, added new Subsec. (e) re display of registration or document on cellular mobile telephone or other electronic device, redesignated existing Subsec. (e) as Subsec. (f) and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2019.

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(B)

OPERATORS' LICENSES

Sec. 14-41. Expiration and renewal of operators' licenses and identity cards. Fees. Notice. (a) An original operator's license shall expire within a period not exceeding seven years following the date of the operator's next birthday. The fee for such license shall be eighty-four dollars. Upon renewal of a license, the commissioner may issue a license for a period to be determined by the commissioner, provided such period does not exceed eight years. The fee for the renewal of a license that expires eight years from the date of issuance shall be ninety-six dollars. The commissioner shall charge a prorated amount of such fee for a license that expires less than eight years from the date of issuance.

(b) The commissioner may authorize a contractor, including, but not limited to, an automobile club or association licensed in accordance with the provisions of section 14-67 on or before July 1, 2007, or any municipality, to issue duplicate licenses and identity cards pursuant to section 14-50a, renew licenses, renew identity cards issued pursuant to section 1-1h and conduct registration transactions at the office or facilities of such contractors or municipalities. The commissioner may authorize such contractors and municipalities to charge a convenience fee, which shall not exceed eight dollars, to each applicant for a license or identity card renewal or duplication, or for a registration transaction.

(c) Any previously licensed operator who fails to renew a motor vehicle operator's license in accordance with subsection (a) of this section shall be charged a late fee of twenty-five dollars upon renewal of such operator's license.

(d) The commissioner may, at least fifteen days before the date on which each motor vehicle operator's license or identity card expires, notify the holder of such license or identity card of the expiration date, in a manner determined by the commissioner. The commissioner shall not provide such notification by mail to any such licensee or identity card holder if the United States Postal Service has determined that mail is undeliverable to the address for such person that is documented in the records of the Department of Motor Vehicles. Any previously licensed operator who operates a motor vehicle within sixty days after the expiration date of the operator's license without obtaining a renewal of the license shall be fined in accordance with the amount designated for the infraction of failure to renew a motor vehicle operator's license. Any operator so charged shall not be prosecuted under section 14-36 for the same act constituting a violation under this section but section 14-36 shall apply after the sixty-day period.

(e) On and after January 1, 2013, the commissioner may extend the expiration date of an operator's license or identity card for a period of six months when such licensee or identity card holder presents documentation satisfactory to the commissioner that such person was out of the state during the renewal period for such license or identity card, or when the commissioner requires additional time to determine whether such person qualifies for a renewal. The fee for such extension shall be the same as that for a duplicate license under section 14-50a and no part of such fee shall be subject to refund. The commissioner shall not grant more than one extension to any such person pursuant to this subsection.

(f) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1-3a, if the expiration date of any motor vehicle operator's license or any public passenger endorsement falls on any day when the offices of the commissioner are closed for business or are open for less than a full business day, the license or permit shall be deemed valid until midnight of the next day on which the offices of the commissioner are open for a full day of business.

(1949 Rev., S. 2381; 1953, 1955, S. 1299d; 1957, P.A. 437, S. 4; February, 1965, P.A. 68; 1967, P.A. 115; 436, S. 1; 807, S. 4; 1969, P.A. 759, S. 4; 1972, P.A. 127, S. 16; P.A. 75-213, S. 9, 53; 75-577, S. 21, 126; P.A. 76-263, S. 6, 9; P.A. 77-10; 77-256, S. 3, 4; 77-348, S. 1, 2; P.A. 79-89, S. 1; P.A. 80-51; P.A. 81-172, S. 3; P.A. 83-489, S. 3, 17; P.A. 84-254, S. 29, 62; 84-429, S. 21; P.A. 85-413, S. 4, 8; P.A. 87-329, S. 5; P.A. 90-263, S. 8, 74; 90-265, S. 7, 8; P.A. 91-408, S. 8, 18; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-9, S. 1, 4; P.A. 93-80, S. 49, 67; 93-341, S. 12, 38; P.A. 95-223, S. 1, 2; P.A. 97-284, S. 1, 2; P.A. 99-287, S. 7, 9; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6, S. 74, 85; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 47, 131; P.A. 03-171, S. 6; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-3, S. 34; P.A. 04-4, S. 6; 04-177 S. 12; 04-199, S. 22; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 26; P.A. 07-167, S. 32; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-1, S. 94; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5, S. 43; P.A. 09-187, S. 10; P.A. 10-110, S. 21; 10-179, S. 25; P.A. 11-6, S. 137; 11-48, S. 27; 11-213, S. 16; P.A. 12-81, S. 4; P.A. 13-271, S. 15; P.A. 14-130, S. 7; P.A. 16-55, S. 24; P.A. 17-79, S. 5; P.A. 18-164, S. 23; P.A. 19-165, S. 2.)

History: 1965 act added proviso clause re holder reaching 21 in Subsec. (b); 1967 acts included motorcycle licenses in provisions, revised provisions re expiration of licenses in Subsec. (b), inserted new Subsec. (c) re effect of change in birth date on expiration and reissuance of license, redesignated former Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d) and added provisions re penalty for failure to renew license within 30 days of expiration date; 1969 act revised fee provisions in Subsecs. (b) and (c), raising rate from $0.25 to $0.35 per month and placing $2 maximum on fee for 6-month period; 1972 act changed age of majority from 21 to 18; P.A. 75-213 raised fee in Subsec. (b) to $0.45 per month not to exceed $2.50 for 6-month period; P.A. 75-577 removed reference to $25 maximum fine in Subsec. (d) and added references to fines of the amount designated for infractions specified; P.A. 76-263 revised section to cover transition period for change of validity period from 2 to 4 years and institution of licenses with pictures, deleted references to provisional licenses and deleted violation in Subsec. (d) re failure to sign license before operating motor vehicle or motorcycle; P.A. 77-10 added Subsec. (e) re expiration of license on day when motor vehicle offices are closed; P.A. 77-256 raised fee in Subsec. (c) to $0.45 per month not to exceed $2.50 for 6-month period; P.A. 77-348 revised provisions re expiration so that all licenses expire on birth date rather than last day of birth month and changed reference to June 30, 1976 to June 30, 1977 in Subsec. (a); P.A. 79-89 added exception re Sec. 14-41a to Subsec. (a); P.A. 80-51 made former Subdivs. (1) to (4) in Subsec. (a) subparagraphs (A) to (D) under Subdiv. (1) re motor vehicle and motorcycle licenses, made provision re public service operator's license Subdiv. (2) and added exception re change of expiration date from April 30th to June 30th; P.A. 81-172 amended Subsec. (d) by increasing from 30 to 60 days after the expiration date the amount of time during which an operator can be charged with only an infraction; P.A. 83-489 amended Subsec. (b) to increase additional sum from $1 to $2; P.A. 84-254 amended Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 1984, to increase the fee, scheduling the increases to take effect as of July 1, 1984, 1986 and 1988; P.A. 84-429 deleted obsolete provisions, rephrased provisions and made other technical changes; P.A. 85-413 adjusted fees after July 1, 1988, and deleted obsolete fee provisions; P.A. 87-329 amended Subsec. (b) maintaining the fee at the level existing on and after July 1, 1986, and decreasing the fee effective July 1, 1992, to the level formerly existing on and after July 1, 1988; P.A. 90-263 amended Subsecs. (a) and (e) to substitute public passenger transportation permit for public service motor vehicle operator's license; P.A. 90-265 amended Subsec. (a) to require vision screening for motor vehicle operators prior to every other renewal of operator's license in accordance with specified schedule; P.A. 91-408 amended Subsec. (a) to delay the commencement of vision screening from July 1, 1991, to October 1, 1992, and to change the beginning and ending dates of the specified schedule accordingly; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-9 amended Subsec. (a) to postpone vision screening requirement from October 1, 1992, to July 1, 1993, and to require that screening be done in accordance with a schedule adopted by the commissioner, eliminating the specified schedule according to the last name of the operator; P.A. 93-80 amended Subsec. (a) to postpone vision screening requirement from July 1, 1993, to July 1, 1995, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 93-341 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting former Subdiv. (2) re expiration date for public passenger transportation permits, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-223 amended Subsec. (a) to postpone vision screening requirement from July 1, 1995, to July 1, 1997, effective July 1, 1995; (Revisor's note: In 1997 references throughout the general statutes to “Motor Vehicle(s) Commissioner” and “Motor Vehicle(s) Department” were replaced editorially by the Revisors with “Commissioner of Motor Vehicles” or “Department of Motor Vehicles”, as the case may be, for consistency with customary statutory usage); P.A. 97-284 amended Subsec. (a) to postpone vision screening requirement from July 1, 1997, to July 1, 1999, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 99-287 amended Subsec. (a) by postponing the implementation of vision screening from July 1, 1999, to July 1, 2001, and allowing a vision screening conducted by a licensed health care professional to have occurred during the preceding 12 months in lieu of the preceding 3 months, effective July 1, 1999; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to require renewal of license every 6 years, amended Subsec. (b) to increase fee from $3.50 to $5.25, amended Subsec. (c) to modify the issue period for renewal licenses from not more than 48 months to not more than 72 months and made technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality in Subsecs. (a) and (d), effective July 1, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 amended Subsec. (a) to provide for an optional licensure period of 4 years in accordance with a schedule to be established by the commissioner and changed to July 1, 2003, the date by which the commissioner shall screen the vision of operator's at every other renewal of license, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 03-171 amended Subsecs. (a), (d) and (e) to delete references to motorcycle operator's license, made technical changes in Subsec. (a) and amended Subsec. (d) to delete references to Sec. 14-40a; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-3 amended Subsec. (a) to change commencement date of vision screening program from July 1, 2003, to July 1, 2005, effective August 20, 2003, and applicable as of July 1, 2003; P.A. 04-4 amended Subsec. (b) to delete former formula for the license fee and to establish fees for 4-year and 6-year licenses and a fee for a part-year license, deleted former Subsec. (c) re changes in records relating to birth dates and renewal of licenses thereafter and redesignated existing Subsecs. (d) and (e) as new Subsecs. (c) and (d), effective March 11, 2004; P.A. 04-177 and P.A. 04-199 both amended Subsec. (b) to increase fee for original 4-year operator's licenses from $43 to $44 and for 6-year operator's license from $65 to $66, effective July 1, 2004; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 amended Subsec. (a) by changing “2005” to “2007”, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 07-167 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting provisions re vision screening and amended Subsec. (b) by adding provisions re renewals at office facilities of licensed automobile club or association, effective July 1, 2007; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-1 attempted to amend Subsec. (a) to change July 1, 2007, to July 1, 2009, effective July 1, 2007, but failed to take effect since the vision screening provisions were previously deleted from this Subsec. by P.A. 07-167; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5 amended Subsec. (a) by restoring provisions re vision screening and postponing implementation to July 1, 2009; P.A. 09-187 amended Subsec. (a) to postpone implementation of vision screening from July 1, 2009, to July 1, 2011, effective July 1, 2009; P.A. 10-110 amended Subsec. (a) to authorize commissioner, upon every other renewal of operator's license or identity card, to issue such license or card without personal appearance of licensee or card holder if such licensee or card holder has digital image on file with commissioner and has met all other renewal requirements and amended Subsec. (b) to authorize automobile clubs and associations to perform identity card renewals and registration transactions and to charge fee of not more than $2, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 10-179 amended Subsec. (b) to make the same changes as made to Subsec. (b) by P.A. 10-110, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 11-6 amended Subsec. (b) to increase fee for 4-year license from $44 to $48, for 6-year license from $66 to $72 and for a year or part thereof from $11 to $12, added Subsec. (c) re $25 late renewal fee, redesignated existing Subsecs. (c) and (d) as Subsecs. (d) and (e), and deleted “shall be deemed to have failed to renew a motor vehicle operator's license and” in Subsec. (d), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-48 amended Subsec. (a) by eliminating 4 or 6-year renewal requirement, requirement for personal appearance of licensee or holder for renewal and requirement for vision screening prior to every other renewal, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-213 amended Subsec. (b) to authorize issuance of duplicate licenses and identity cards by automobile club or association and make conforming and technical changes, and amended Subsec. (c) to include identity cards, change “shall” to “may” re notification and prohibit notification by mail if mail determined to be undeliverable, effective July 13, 2011; P.A. 12-81 amended Subsec. (a) to make provisions applicable upon every “other” renewal of a license or identity card, amended Subsec. (b) to delete provision re fee for 4-year license and make conforming changes, added new Subsec. (e) re 6-month extension of expiration date of operator's license or identity card and fee therefor and redesignated existing Subsec. (e) as Subsec. (f), effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-271 amended Subsec. (b) to delete provision re license fee of $12 per year or any part of a year and to increase maximum convenience fee charged by automobile club or association from $2 to $3; P.A. 14-130 amended Subsec. (f) by replacing “public passenger transportation permit” with “public passenger endorsement, as defined in section 14-1”, effective June 6, 2014; P.A. 16-55 amended Subsec. (b) by adding “a contractor, including, but not limited to,” and “or any office or department of a municipality”, increasing maximum convenience fee from $3 to $5 and making a conforming change, effective May 31, 2016; P.A. 17-79 amended Subsec. (b) by deleting “office or department of a”, replacing “its office facilities” with “the office or facilities of such contractors or municipalities” and adding provision re authorization for municipalities to charge a convenience fee, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 18-164 amended Subsec. (b) by increasing maximum convenience fee from $5 to $8 and making a technical change, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-165 deleted former Subsec. (a) re authority to issue renewal of operator's license or identity card without personal appearance of licensee or card holder, redesignated existing Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (a) and amended same to increase period of validity for original operator's license from 6 years to 7 years, increase fee from $72 to $84 and add provision re renewal and renewal fee, designated existing provision re authority of contractor or municipality to issue duplicate licenses and identity cards as new Subsec. (b), amended Subsec. (f) to delete reference to Sec. 14-1, and made conforming and technical changes, effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-41a. Renewal of license for persons age sixty-five or over. An individual sixty-five years of age or older may renew a motor vehicle operator's license for either a two-year period or the renewal period determined by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (a) of section 14-41. The fee for any license issued for a two-year period shall be twenty-four dollars.

(P.A. 79-89, S. 2; P.A. 84-254, S. 30, 62; 84-429, S. 22; P.A. 87-329, S. 6; P.A. 91-390, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6, S. 75, 85; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 50, 131; P.A. 03-171, S. 7; P.A. 04-4, S. 7; 04-199, S. 23; P.A. 07-167, S. 45; P.A. 11-213, S. 17; P.A. 13-271, S. 16; P.A. 19-165, S. 3.)

History: P.A. 84-254 increased the fee from $11 to $22 as of July 1, 1992; P.A. 84-429 divided section into Subsecs., deleted obsolete provisions, rephrased provisions and made other technical changes; P.A. 87-329 amended Subsec. (a), maintaining the fee at the level existing on and after July 1, 1986, and decreasing the fee effective July 1, 1992, to the level formerly existing on and after July 1, 1988; P.A. 91-390 replaced former Subsec. (b) which had required that operator's license bear operator's photograph with new provision permitting commissioner to waive photograph requirement upon written application and showing of hardship by operators 65 years of age or older; (Revisor's note: In 1997 references throughout the general statutes to “Motor Vehicle(s) Commissioner” and “Motor Vehicle(s) Department” were replaced editorially by the Revisors with “Commissioner of Motor Vehicles” or “Department of Motor Vehicles”, as the case may be, for consistency with customary statutory usage); June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6 changed 4-year renewal option to 6 years, effective July 1, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 amended Subsec. (b) to delete provisions re length of the license renewal period, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 03-171 deleted references to motorcycle operator's license; P.A. 04-4 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the fee to $21, effective March 11, 2004; P.A. 04-199 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the fee from $21 to $22, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 07-167 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing reference to Sec. 14-36d(a) with reference to Sec. 14-36h(a); P.A. 11-213 deleted Subsec. (a) designator and deleted former Subsec. (b) re waiver of photograph requirement, effective July 13, 2011; P.A. 13-271 increased fee for renewal of license for a 2-year period from $22 to $24; P.A. 19-165 replaced “a six-year period” with “the renewal period determined by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (a) of section 14-41”, effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-44. License endorsement for operators of commercial motor vehicles used for passenger transportation, school buses, student transportation vehicles, taxicabs, motor vehicles in livery service and motor or service buses. Requirements. Hearing. Appeal. Report re persons whose license or endorsement has been withdrawn, suspended or revoked. Penalty. (a)(1) No person shall operate a commercial motor vehicle used for passenger transportation on any public highway of this state until such person has obtained a commercial driver's license with a public passenger endorsement, as defined in section 14-1, from the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, except a nonresident who holds such license with such endorsement issued by another state. (2) No person shall operate a school bus until such person has obtained a commercial driver's license with a school bus endorsement, except that a person who holds such a license without such endorsements may operate a school bus without passengers for the purpose of road testing or moving the vehicle. (3) No person shall operate a student transportation vehicle, as defined in section 14-212, taxicab, motor vehicle in livery service, motor bus or service bus until such person has obtained an operator's license of the proper classification bearing an appropriate public passenger endorsement from the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, issued in accordance with the provisions of this section and section 14-36a, except that a person who holds an operator's license without such endorsement may operate any such vehicle without passengers for the purpose of road testing or moving the vehicle.

(b) No operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement shall be issued or renewed in accordance with the provisions of this section or section 14-36a, until the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, or the commissioner's authorized representative, is satisfied that the applicant is a proper person to receive such an operator's license bearing an endorsement, holds a valid motor vehicle operator's license, or, if necessary for the class of vehicle operated, a commercial driver's license and is at least eighteen years of age. Each applicant for an operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement or the renewal of such a license shall furnish the commissioner, or the commissioner's authorized representative, with satisfactory evidence, under oath, to prove that such person has no criminal record and has not been convicted of a violation of section 14-227a or 14-227m or subdivision (1) or (2) of subsection (a) of section 14-227n within five years of the date of application and that no reason exists for a refusal to grant or renew such an operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement. Each applicant for such an operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement shall submit with the application proof satisfactory to the commissioner that such applicant has passed a physical examination administered not more than ninety days prior to the date of application and meets the physical qualification standards set forth in 49 CFR 391, as amended from time to time. Each applicant for renewal of such license shall present evidence that such applicant is in compliance with the physical qualification standards established in 49 CFR 391, as amended from time to time. Each applicant for such an operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement shall be fingerprinted before the license bearing a public passenger endorsement is issued.

(c) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may issue, withhold, renew, suspend, cancel or revoke any public passenger endorsement required to operate a motor vehicle that transports passengers, as provided in subsection (c) of section 14-36a. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may, in making his or her decision, consider the age, accident and criminal record, moral character and physical condition of any such applicant or public passenger endorsement holder and such other matters as the commissioner may determine. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may require any such applicant or public passenger endorsement holder to furnish the statements of two or more reputable citizens, which may be required to be under oath, vouching for the good character or other qualifications of the applicant or public passenger endorsement holder.

(d) Upon the arrest of any person who holds an operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement, as defined in section 14-1, and who is charged with a felony or violation of section 53a-73a, the arresting officer or department, within forty-eight hours, shall cause a report of such arrest to be made to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. The report shall be made on a form approved by said commissioner containing such information as the commissioner prescribes. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to implement the provisions of this subsection.

(e) (1) Prior to issuing an operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall require each applicant to submit to state and national criminal history records checks, conducted in accordance with section 29-17a. The Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection shall complete such state and national criminal history records checks required pursuant to this section within sixty days of receiving such a request for a check of such records. If notice of a state or national criminal history record is received, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may, subject to the provisions of section 46a-80, refuse to issue an operator's license bearing such public passenger endorsement and, in such case, shall immediately notify the applicant, in writing, of such refusal. Each applicant for a public passenger endorsement to operate a school bus or student transportation vehicle shall submit to a check of the state child abuse and neglect registry established pursuant to section 17a-101k. If notification that the applicant is listed as a perpetrator of abuse on the state child abuse and neglect registry is received, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may refuse to issue an operator's license bearing such public passenger endorsement and, in such case, shall immediately notify the applicant, in writing, of such refusal. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall not issue a temporary operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement for operation of a school bus or student transportation vehicle.

(2) The fingerprints of an applicant for a public passenger endorsement to operate a school bus may be captured electronically or by other means in accordance with section 29-17a.

(3) For the purposes of this subdivision, “certificate or permit holder” means any person, association, limited liability company or corporation that holds a certificate of public convenience and necessity to operate a taxicab, as described in section 13b-97 or holds a permit to operate a motor vehicle in livery service, as described in section 13b-103. Any certificate or permit holder who seeks to employ a person who has applied for a public passenger endorsement to operate a taxicab or motor vehicle in livery service under subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of this section may permit such person to operate a taxicab or motor vehicle in livery service prior to the approval by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles of the application for such endorsement, but in no event for a period longer than ninety days after the date of application for such endorsement, provided such certificate or permit holder determines such person meets the requirements to operate a taxicab or motor vehicle in livery service set forth in regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (f) of this section. In making such determination, such certificate or permit holder shall (A) conduct, or have a consumer reporting agency regulated under the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act conduct, a local, state and national criminal history records check, including a search of state and national sexual offender registry databases, and (B) review such person's driving history record maintained by the commissioner and dated not more than seven days prior to the date of such review. A person who is approved by a certificate or permit holder under this subdivision shall carry and present, upon request, a copy of such person's application to the commissioner and criminal history records check when such person is operating a taxicab or motor vehicle in livery service.

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the commissioner shall not issue an operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement to transport passengers who are students, and shall suspend any such public passenger endorsement that has been issued, to any person who has been convicted of a serious criminal offense, as determined by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, or convicted of any provision of federal law or the law of any other state, the violation of which involves conduct that is substantially similar to a violation determined by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles to be a serious criminal offense, if any part of the sentence of such conviction has not been completed, or has been completed during the preceding five years. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to implement the provisions of this subsection.

(g) Any applicant who is refused an operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement or the renewal of such a license, or whose operator's license bearing a public passenger endorsement or the renewal of such a license is withdrawn or revoked on account of a criminal record, shall be entitled to a hearing if requested in writing within twenty days. The hearing shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of chapter 54 and the applicant may appeal from the final decision rendered therein in accordance with section 4-183.

(h) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 14-10, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall furnish to any board of education or to any public or private organization that is actively engaged in providing public transportation, including the transportation of school children, a report containing the names and motor vehicle operator license numbers of each person who has been issued an operator's license with one or more public passenger endorsements, authorizing such person to transport passengers in accordance with the provisions of section 14-36a, but whose license or any such public passenger endorsement has been withdrawn, suspended or revoked by the commissioner in accordance with the provisions of this section, or any other provision of this title. The report shall be issued and updated periodically in accordance with a schedule to be established by the commissioner. Such report may be transmitted or otherwise made available to authorized recipients by electronic means.

(i) Violation of any provision of this section shall be an infraction.

(1949 Rev., S. 2384; 1963, P.A. 336; 372; 1969, P.A. 110, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 612, S. 4; 1972, P.A. 127, S. 17; P.A. 74-152; P.A. 75-213, S. 10, 53; 75-577, S. 22, 126; P.A. 76-382, S. 2; P.A. 83-340, S. 2, 4; P.A. 84-254, S. 31, 62; 84-429, S. 25; P.A. 85-148, S. 2; P.A. 87-329, S. 7; 87-585, S. 1; P.A. 89-320, S. 1, 2, 12; P.A. 90-112, S. 12, 14; 90-263, S. 10, 74; P.A. 91-272, S. 1, 8; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11, S. 62, 70; P.A. 93-341, S. 13-15, 38; P.A. 01-175, S. 9, 32; P.A. 02-70, S. 83; P.A. 03-278, S. 37; P.A. 04-217, S. 4; P.A. 05-218, S. 6; P.A. 06-130, S. 10; P.A. 07-167, S. 47; 07-224, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5, S. 20; P.A. 09-187, S. 11; P.A. 10-32, S. 49; 10-110, S. 35, 57; P.A. 11-213, S. 18; P.A. 12-81, S. 49; P.A. 14-130, S. 9, 29; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 200; P.A. 16-39, S. 9; 16-55, S. 14; 16-126, S. 10; P.A. 17-68, S. 15; 17-140, S. 12; P.A. 18-164, S. 26; P.A. 19-119, S. 5, 6.)

History: 1963 acts raised minimum age requirement from 18 to 21 and added provisions for examination of operating ability and fee for same; 1969 act replaced interstate commerce commission with United States department of transportation and required that applicants for public service license to operate school bus be at least nineteen and not more than 69 years old; 1971 act replaced reference to repealed Sec. 14-30 with reference to Sec. 14-34; 1972 act changed minimum age for public service vehicle license from 21 to 18, reflecting change in age of majority, and deleted minimum age of 19 for school bus operator's license; P.A. 74-152 made provisions applicable to operation of service buses as well as public service motor vehicles and expanded provisions re physical examinations; P.A. 75-213 raised examination fee from $2 to $2.50; P.A. 75-577 replaced provision for maximum $50 fine for violation of provisions with statement that violation constitutes an infraction; P.A. 76-382 added Subsec. (b) re validity of license issued by other state or country; P.A. 83-340 amended Subsec. (a) deleting the statement providing that an applicant for a public service license to operate a school bus shall not be older than 69 years of age; P.A. 84-254 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the examination fee from $2.50 to $5 as of July 1, 1992; P.A. 84-429 relettered Subsecs., rephrased provisions and made other technical changes; P.A. 85-148 amended Subsec. (a), eliminating requirement for nonresidents holding a valid out-of-state public service motor vehicle operator's license to obtain a license to operate in this state if vehicle is engaged in intrastate commerce; P.A. 87-329 amended Subsec. (b), maintaining the fee at the level existing on and after July 1, 1986, and decreasing the fee effective July 1, 1992, to the level formerly existing on and after July 1, 1988; P.A. 87-585 amended Subsec. (b), requiring prerequisites for issuance of license to apply to renewals and applicants to furnish evidence of absence of convictions for violations of Sec. 14-227a(a) within 1 year and negative drug test results, and added new provisions in Subsec. (d) re issuance of a 90-day temporary license to applicants who intend to operate a school bus, relettering remaining Subdivs. accordingly; P.A. 89-320 amended Subsec. (b) to require applicants to furnish evidence of absence of convictions for violations of Sec. 14-227a(a) within 5 years instead of within 1 year and amended Subsec. (d) to require commissioner to request criminal record for each applicant from state police bureau of identification and to forward fingerprints obtained under Subsec. (b) to bureau which shall submit fingerprints to FBI for a national criminal history records check, to authorize immediate withdrawal of the temporary license if notice of a criminal record is received within 90 days, subject to the provisions of Sec. 46a-80 and to require the licensee and his employer to be notified immediately in writing of receipt of a criminal record, making technical changes as necessary; P.A. 90-112 amended Subsecs. (a), (d) and (e) to include references to operation of student transportation vehicles; P.A. 90-263 divided Subsec. (a) into two subdivisions, inserting in Subdiv. (1) prohibition on operation of commercial motor vehicles used for passenger transportation until operator has obtained a commercial driver's license with a passenger endorsement, deleting references to public service motor vehicle or service bus and public service motor vehicle operator's license, and inserting in Subdiv. (2) prohibition on operation of school bus, student transportation vehicle, taxicab, motor vehicle in livery service, motor bus or service bus until operator has obtained a public passenger transportation permit, amended remaining Subsecs. to substitute public passenger transportation permit for public service motor vehicle operator's license, amended Subsec. (d) to insert references to “student transportation vehicle” after references to “school bus”, and amended Subsec. (e) to provide that any applicant refused a permit on account of a criminal record shall be entitled to a hearing, if requested, and to permit applicant to appeal from final decision in accordance with Sec. 4-183, effective July 1, 1991; P.A. 91-272 amended Subsec. (b) to apply to applicants for renewal on and after July 1, 1992, amended Subsec. (d) to require applicants for a temporary permit or for renewal of a permit to submit to a state criminal history records check prior to issuance of such temporary permit or renewal and to make numerous changes throughout the Subsec., and amended Subsec. (e) to apply to applicants who are refused a renewal or whose permit or renewal is withdrawn or revoked on account of a criminal record; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting phrase “or a student transportation vehicle, as defined in section 14-212”; P.A. 93-341 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to provide that no person may operate a school bus carrying passengers without having obtained a commercial driver's license with a passenger endorsement and a school endorsement and substituted references to passenger or school endorsements for references to public passenger transportation permits throughout section, effective July 1, 1994, amended Subsec. (b) by inserting references to an “operator's license bearing an endorsement” and by revising the provisions regarding drug testing and physical examinations of applicants, effective July 1, 1993, amended Subsec. (d) by deleting provisions regarding a 90-day temporary permit pending completion of a national criminal history records check, and deleted Subsec. (f) which had specified contents of public passenger transportation permits in its entirety and relettered remaining Subsec. accordingly, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 01-175 amended Subsec. (d) by making a technical change for the purposes of gender neutrality and by replacing language re state criminal history checks, fingerprinting and fee charged with language re state and national criminal history checks pursuant to Sec. 29-17a, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 02-70 made a technical change in Subsec. (a)(3), added new Subsec. (d) to require the arresting officer or department, upon the arrest of any person who holds an operator's license bearing a school endorsement for a felony or violation of Sec. 53a-73a, to report such arrest to the commissioner within 48 hours, to specify form of such report and to authorize adoption of regulations, and redesignated existing Subsecs. (d) to (f) as Subsecs. (e) to (g), effective June 3, 2002; P.A. 03-278 made technical changes in Subsec. (f), effective July 9, 2003; P.A. 04-217 amended Subsec. (a) to include “activity vehicle” as vehicle requiring operator to have appropriate endorsement, amended Subsec. (b) to eliminate public passenger transportation permit, to eliminate provision requiring applicant for license with endorsement or renewal of license with endorsement to have received negative drug test results in two or more urine tests if administered within 1 year of date of application and to substitute requirement that applicant for renewal of such license present evidence that applicant is in compliance with medical qualifications under federal law, amended Subsec. (c) to change references to “permittee” to “endorsement holder”, to eliminate “passenger or school” endorsement and substitute endorsement “required to operate a motor vehicle that transports passengers”, and made technical changes, effective January 1, 2005; P.A. 05-218 amended Subsec. (a)(3) by adding camp vehicles; P.A. 06-130 added new Subsec. (g) re notification of school boards and providers of public transportation of drivers whose licenses or endorsements have been withdrawn, suspended or revoked and redesignated existing Subsec. (g) as Subsec. (h); P.A. 07-167 amended Subsec. (a)(3) by deleting reference to camp vehicle, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 07-224 amended Subsec. (a) by repositioning existing provisions re endorsement for taxicabs, motor vehicles in livery service and motor or services buses as Subdiv. (3), redesignating existing provisions re endorsement for student transportation vehicles and activity vehicles as Subdiv. (4) and deleting “camp vehicle”, amended Subsec. (b) by requiring evidence furnished by applicant to be under oath, amended Subsec. (e) by adding provisions re endorsement for operation of student transportation vehicle, re check of state child abuse registry and notification that applicant is listed thereon and re prohibition on issuance of temporary operator's license, by deleting provision re withdrawal of operator's license bearing school endorsement and by making conforming changes, added new Subsec. (f) re convictions, redesignated existing Subsecs. (f), (g) and (h) as Subsecs. (g), (h) and (i), amended redesignated Subsec. (h) to require report to be furnished by commissioner and made technical changes throughout, effective July 1, 2007; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5 amended Subsec. (e) to substitute “abuse and neglect” for “abuse”, reorganize provisions and delete reference to Sec. 46a-80 re perpetrators of abuse listed on registry, effective October 6, 2007; P.A. 09-187 amended Subsec. (a)(3) to require endorsement for operation of student transportation vehicle or activity vehicle and add exception authorizing person without endorsement to operate vehicle without passengers for purpose of road testing or moving vehicle, effective July 1, 2009; P.A. 10-32 made a technical change in Subsec. (b), effective May 10, 2010; P.A. 10-110 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change, effective October 1, 2010, and further amended Subsec. (a) to delete reference to activity vehicle in Subdivs. (3) and (4), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-213 amended Subsec. (a) to require “proper classification” of license and make technical changes in Subdiv. (3) and to delete former Subdiv. (4) containing duplicate provision re student transportation vehicle, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-81 amended Subsec. (e) to add provision requiring Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection to complete criminal history records checks within 60 days of request and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 14-130 amended Subsec. (b) to add provision re exemption from medical qualifications for certain Class D operator's license applicants, effective October 1, 2014, and amended Subsec. (d) by replacing “school endorsement” with “public passenger endorsement, as defined in section 14-1, and who is”, effective June 6, 2014; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 replaced references to passenger endorsement and endorsement with references to public passenger endorsement and, in Subsec. (a)(1), added reference to Sec. 14-1, effective June 30, 2015; P.A. 16-39 amended Subsec. (b)(1) by adding reference to licensed advanced practice registered nurse; P.A. 16-55 amended Subsec. (e) by replacing reference to Subsec. (a)(4) with reference to Subsec. (a)(3), effective May 31, 2016; P.A. 16-126 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing reference to Sec. 14-227a(a) with reference to Sec. 14-227a and by adding references to Secs. 14-227m and 14-227n(a)(1) and (2); P.A. 17-68 amended Subsec. (h) by adding provision re commissioner to ensure that carriers review report, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 17-140 amended Subsec. (e) to designate existing provision re applicant to submit to criminal history records checks as Subdiv. (1) and amended same to replace “school endorsement or bearing the appropriate type of public passenger endorsement for operation of a student transportation vehicle” with “public passenger endorsement” and make technical and conforming changes, and to add Subdiv. (2) re operation of taxicab or motor vehicle in livery service, effective January 1, 2018; P.A. 18-164 amended Subsec. (e) to replace reference to Subsec. (a)(3) with reference to Subsec. (a) in Subdiv. (1), add new Subdiv. (2) re fingerprints for applicant for public passenger endorsement to operate school bus, redesignate existing Subdiv. (2) as Subdiv. (3) and amend same to replace reference to Subsec. (a)(1) with reference to Subsec. (a)(3), and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-119 amended Subsec. (b) to replace provision re safety regulations by U.S. Department of Transportation with provision re physical qualification standards set forth in 49 CFR 391, delete provision re certain Class D operator's license applicants and make conforming and technical changes, and amended Subsec. (h) to delete provision re commissioner to ensure that carrier review report and make technical changes, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 14-44c. Application for commercial driver's license or commercial driver's instruction permit. Penalty. (a) The application for a commercial driver's license or commercial driver's instruction permit, shall include the following:

(1) The full name and current mailing and residence address of the person;

(2) A physical description of the person, including sex, height and eye color;

(3) Date of birth;

(4) The applicant's Social Security number;

(5) The person's statement, under oath, that such person meets the physical qualification standards set forth in 49 CFR 391, as amended from time to time;

(6) The person's statement, under oath, that the type of vehicle in which the person has taken or intends to take the driving skills test is representative of the type of motor vehicle the person operates or intends to operate;

(7) The person's statement, under oath, that such person is not subject to disqualification, suspension, revocation or cancellation of operating privileges in any state, and that he or she does not hold an operator's license in any other state;

(8) The person's identification of all states in which such person has been licensed to drive any type of motor vehicle during the last ten years, and the person's statement, under oath that he or she does not hold an operator's license in any other state; and

(9) The person's signature, and certification of the accuracy and completeness of the application, subject to the penalties of false statement under section 53a-157b. The application shall be accompanied by the fee prescribed in section 14-44h.

(b) No person who has been a resident of this state for thirty days may drive a commercial motor vehicle under the authority of a commercial driver's license issued by another jurisdiction.

(c) At the time of application for a commercial driver's license, the applicant shall make the applicable certification, as required by 49 CFR 383.71(b), regarding the type of commerce in which such person shall engage. No commercial driver's license shall be issued to a person who fails to make such certification.

(d) In addition to other penalties provided by law, any person who knowingly falsifies information or certifications required under subsection (a) of this section shall have such person's operator's license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle in this state suspended for sixty days.

(P.A. 90-263, S. 35, 74; P.A. 96-167, S. 6; P.A. 04-217, S. 6; P.A. 11-213, S. 55; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 201; P.A. 17-79, S. 7; P.A. 19-119, S. 19.)

History: P.A. 96-167 amended Subsec. (b) to substitute 30-day for 60-day residency; P.A. 04-217 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change in Subdiv. (6), to add provision in Subdiv. (8) to include in application for commercial driver's license or commercial driver's license instruction permit statement that applicant is not subject to cancellation of operating privileges in any state, to add new Subdiv. (9) to require applicant to identify all states in which applicant has been licensed to drive any type of motor vehicle in last 10 years and statement that person does not hold license in any other state, and to redesignate existing Subdiv. (9) as new Subdiv. (10), effective January 1, 2005; P.A. 11-213 amended Subsec. (a) to delete former Subdiv. (5) re color picture requirement and redesignate existing Subdivs. (6) to (10) as Subdivs. (5) to (9), effective July 13, 2011; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 added new Subsec. (c) re federally required certification, redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d) and made technical changes, effective June 30, 2015; P.A. 17-79 amended Subsec. (a)(5) by deleting provision re expectation to not operate in interstate or foreign commerce; P.A. 19-119 amended Subsec. (a)(5) to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 14-44e. Limitations on issuance of commercial driver's license. Qualification standards. Waiver of skills test. Requirements for license endorsement to operate vehicle transporting hazardous materials. Commercial driver's instruction permit. (a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall not issue a commercial driver's license to any person unless such person is a resident of this state and has passed a knowledge and skills test for driving a commercial motor vehicle which complies with the minimum federal standards established by 49 CFR 383, Subparts G and H, as amended, and has satisfied all other requirements of this section and sections 14-44b, 14-44c and 14-44g, in addition to other requirements for an operator's license imposed by the general statutes and regulations of the commissioner.

(b) The commissioner shall not issue a commercial driver's license or a commercial driver's instruction permit to any applicant who does not meet the physical qualification standards set forth in 49 CFR 391, as amended from time to time. As required by 49 CFR 383.71(h), each applicant for a commercial driver's license or commercial driver's instruction permit shall provide to the commissioner a copy of a medical examiner's certificate, prepared by a medical examiner, as defined in 49 CFR 390.5, indicating that such applicant is medically certified to operate a commercial motor vehicle. For each applicant who has submitted such medical certification and who has also certified, in accordance with 49 CFR 383.71(b) and subsection (c) of section 14-44c, that such applicant operates in nonexcepted interstate commerce, the commissioner shall post a medical certification status of “certified” on the Commercial Driver's License Information System driver record for such applicant. The holder of a commercial driver's license who has not been examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle during the preceding twenty-four months, or a shorter period as indicated by the medical examiner submitting such certificate, shall be required to submit a new medical certificate. The commissioner shall not issue a commercial driver's license or commercial driver's instruction permit to any applicant or holder who fails to submit the medical certification required by this section. If the holder of a commercial driver's license or commercial driver's instruction permit fails to submit a new medical examiner's certificate before the expiration of twenty-four months or the period specified by the medical examiner, whichever is shorter, the commissioner shall, not later than sixty days after the date that such holder's medical status becomes uncertified: (1) Downgrade the commercial driver's license to a Class D operator's license; or (2) cancel the commercial driver's instruction permit. Any applicant or holder who is denied a commercial driver's license or a commercial driver's instruction permit, or whose license or permit is disqualified, suspended, revoked or cancelled pursuant to this subsection shall be granted an opportunity for a hearing in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54.

(c) The commissioner may waive the skills test required under subsection (a) of this section in the case of an applicant for a commercial driver's license who meets the requirements of 49 CFR 383.77, as amended or, in the case of an applicant for a school bus endorsement who meets the requirements of 49 CFR 383.123, as amended.

(d) A commercial driver's license shall not be issued to any person subject to disqualification from driving a commercial motor vehicle or subject to suspension, revocation or cancellation of operating privileges in any state. Each applicant for an endorsement to drive a vehicle transporting hazardous materials shall be subject to the requirements of 49 USC 5103a, as administered by the United States Transportation Security Administration. The commissioner may refuse to issue a hazardous materials endorsement, or may suspend or revoke any such endorsement, held by any person who is the subject of a notification received from the Transportation Security Administration, in accordance with the provisions of 49 CFR 1572.5, as amended.

(e) An operator's license shall not be issued to any person who holds an operator's license issued by any other state, unless such person first surrenders such license or licenses to the commissioner. The commissioner shall return every license surrendered hereunder to the issuing state for cancellation.

(f) The commissioner may refuse to issue a commercial driver's license, or may issue a commercial driver's license subject to compliance with such condition as the commissioner may prescribe, to any person whose motor vehicle operator's license, privilege to operate a motor vehicle in this state or license endorsement is under suspension or is subject to any pending action by the commissioner that may result in suspension.

(g) The commissioner may issue a commercial driver's instruction permit to any person who holds a valid operator's license. Such permit may be issued for a period not exceeding one hundred eighty days, and may be reissued or renewed for one additional period not exceeding one hundred eighty days, provided the reissuance or renewal of such permit occurs within a two-year period from its initial issuance. Any holder of a commercial driver's instruction permit who has not obtained a commercial driver's license on or before the expiration date of such reissued or renewed permit shall be required to retake the commercial driver's license knowledge test and any applicable endorsement knowledge tests. The holder of a commercial driver's instruction permit may, unless otherwise disqualified or suspended, drive a commercial motor vehicle if such holder is accompanied by the holder of a commercial driver's license of the appropriate class and bearing endorsements for the type of vehicle being driven who occupies a seat beside the individual for the purpose of giving instruction in driving the commercial motor vehicle. The commissioner shall not administer a commercial driver's license driving skills test to any holder of a commercial driver's instruction permit unless such person has held such permit for a minimum period of fourteen days.

(h) (1) The commissioner shall deny or disqualify for a period of sixty days a commercial driver's instruction permit or commercial driver's license if it is determined that an applicant or holder has provided false information on any certification the applicant or holder is required to give relative to such permit or license application.

(2) If an applicant or holder is suspected of fraud related to the issuance of a commercial driver's instruction permit or commercial driver's license, such applicant or holder shall be required to schedule the commercial driver's license knowledge test and driving skills test not later than thirty days after notification by the commissioner of the suspected fraud. Failure to schedule both such tests or failure to pass both such tests shall result in disqualification of such permit or license and the applicant or holder shall be required to reapply for the permit or license.

(3) Any applicant or holder convicted of fraud related to the issuance of a commercial driver's instruction permit or commercial driver's license shall have such applicant's or holder's permit or license disqualified for one year from the date of conviction and shall be required to retake such tests.

(P.A. 90-263, S. 34, 74; P.A. 04-217, S. 8; P.A. 06-130, S. 18; P.A. 07-167, S. 9; P.A. 08-150, S. 7; P.A. 09-187, S. 67; P.A. 10-110, S. 50; P.A. 14-130, S. 10, 11; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 202, 203; P.A. 19-119, S. 20.)

History: P.A. 04-217 made technical changes in Subsec. (a), amended Subsec. (b) to make a technical change and afford person whose commercial driver's license has been cancelled an opportunity for hearing, amended Subsec. (c) to make a technical change and permit commissioner to waive skills test for applicant for school bus endorsement meeting specified requirements and amended Subsec. (d) to prohibit issuance of commercial driver's license to person subject to cancellation of operating privileges in any state and added provisions re endorsement to drive a vehicle transporting hazardous materials, effective January 1, 2005; P.A. 06-130 added new Subsec. (f) re commissioner's discretionary power to issue commercial driver's license to driver whose license or endorsement is under suspension or is subject to pending action that may result in suspension and redesignated existing Subsec. (f) as Subsec. (g), effective July 1, 2006; P.A. 07-167 amended Subsec. (b) by adding references to commercial driver's instruction permit and deleting provision re standards applicable when person will operate vehicle only in this state; P.A. 08-150 amended Subsec. (g) to insert “or suspended” and replace “with appropriate endorsements” with “of the appropriate class and bearing endorsements”; P.A. 09-187 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a) and (g) and amended Subsec. (g) to replace provision re commercial driver's instruction permit renewed or reissued only once within a 2-year period with provision re permit reissued or renewed for periods not exceeding 6 months until June 30, 2011, and only once within a 2-year period on and after July 1, 2011, effective July 8, 2009; P.A. 10-110 made a technical change in Subsec. (g); P.A. 14-130 added Subsec. (h) re applicant or holder providing false information on certification for commercial driver's instruction permit or license application, effective October 1, 2014, and amended Subsec. (g) to replace “six months” with “one hundred eighty days” in provisions re issuance and renewal, to add provision re permit holders to retake license and endorsement knowledge tests if after expiration date of permit, to add provision re administering skills test to person who has not held instruction permit for 14 days or more, and to make conforming changes, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (b) to delete provisions re person who has physical or psychobehavioral impairment and add provisions re medical certification as provided by federal law, and amended Subsec. (h) to designate existing provisions as Subdivs. (1) to (3), effective June 30, 2015; P.A. 19-119 amended Subsec. (b) to replace reference to 49 CFR 391.41 with reference to 49 CFR 391 and make technical changes, effective July 1, 2019.

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Sec. 14-46b. Establishment of board. Membership. Compensation. Executive session. (a) There is established within the department a Motor Vehicle Operator's License Medical Advisory Board, which shall advise the commissioner on the medical aspects and concerns of licensing operators of motor vehicles. The board shall consist of not less than eight members or more than fifteen members who shall be medical professionals and who shall be appointed by the commissioner. The Connecticut State Medical Society, the Connecticut Association of Optometrists and any professional medical associations or organizations whose members include physician assistants or advanced practice registered nurses may submit nominees for appointment to the board for the commissioner's consideration who represent the specialties of (1) general medicine or surgery, (2) internal medicine, (3) cardiovascular medicine, (4) neurology or neurological surgery, (5) ophthalmology or optometry, (6) orthopedics, (7) psychiatry, or (8) occupational medicine.

(b) Initially, three members shall be appointed for a two-year term, three members for a three-year term and the remainder of the members for a four-year term. Appointments thereafter shall be for four-year terms. Any vacancy shall be filled by the commissioner for the unexpired portion of a term. The commissioner shall designate the chairperson of the board.

(c) Board members shall serve without compensation but shall be reimbursed for necessary expenses or services incurred in performing their duties, including the giving of testimony at any administrative hearing when requested by the commissioner. Medical professionals who are not members of the board and conduct examinations at the request of the board shall be compensated for these examinations.

(d) The board shall meet at the call of the commissioner at least annually. Special meetings may be held to fulfill the responsibilities specified in section 14-46c.

(e) Any meeting of the board in which the medical condition of any individual is discussed for purposes of making a recommendation on his or her fitness to operate a motor vehicle shall be held in executive session.

(f) As used in this section and section 14-46c, “medical professional” means a licensed physician, physician assistant, advanced practice registered nurse or optometrist.

(P.A. 81-461, S. 6; P.A. 90-265, S. 5, 8; P.A. 02-70, S. 62; P.A. 03-278, S. 39; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 205; P.A. 19-119, S. 10.)

History: P.A. 90-265 amended Subsec. (c) to require reimbursement for board members for testimony given at administrative hearings; P.A. 02-70 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the minimum membership of the board from seven to eight members, to require the Connecticut Association of Optometrists to submit a list of nominees representing the specialty of optometry and to make a technical change; P.A. 03-278 made technical changes in Subsec. (a), effective July 9, 2003; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (a) to add references to other medical organizations that have as members physician assistants or advanced practice registered nurses and add Subdiv. (8) re nominees representing specialty of occupational medicine, amended Subsec. (c) to replace “Physicians” with “Medical professionals”, amended Subsec. (d) to change required meeting from twice a year to annually, added Subsec. (f) re definition of “medical professional”, and made technical changes, effective June 30, 2015; P.A. 19-119 substantially amended Subsec.(a) re membership of board and made a technical change in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 2019.

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(C)

FEES

Sec. 14-48d. Registration of leased motor vehicle. Regulations. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 14-22 and subsection (a) of section 14-49 concerning the period for the registration of a passenger motor vehicle, and for the registration of certain other motor vehicles not used for commercial purposes, the commissioner may issue a registration for any such motor vehicle that is owned by a person, firm or corporation licensed in accordance with the provisions of section 14-15 and that is the subject of a lease agreement, for a period not to exceed five years, to coincide with the term of such lease agreement. The fee for any such registration shall be adjusted and prorated on the basis of the fee prescribed for a triennial registration. The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to implement the provisions of this section.

(P.A. 02-70, S. 65; P.A. 19-165, S. 7.)

History: P.A. 02-70 effective July 1, 2002; P.A. 19-165 replaced “biennial” with “triennial” and made a conforming change, effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-49. Fees for miscellaneous registration and other fees. (a) For the registration of each passenger motor vehicle, other than an electric motor vehicle, the fee shall be one hundred twenty dollars every three years, provided any individual who is sixty-five years of age or older may, at such individual's discretion, renew the registration of such passenger motor vehicle owned by such individual for either a one-year period or the registration period as determined by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (a) of section 14-22. The registration fee shall be prorated accordingly for any such registration that is renewed for a one-year period. The triennial fee for any motor vehicle for which special license plates have been issued under the provisions of section 14-20 shall be one hundred twenty dollars. The provisions of this subsection relative to the triennial fee charged for the registration of each antique, rare or special interest motor vehicle for which special license plates have been issued under section 14-20 shall not apply to an antique fire apparatus or transit bus owned by a nonprofit organization and maintained primarily for use in parades, exhibitions or other public events but not for purposes of general transportation.

(b) (1) For the registration of each motorcycle, the triennial fee shall be sixty-three dollars, subject to the provisions of subdivision (2) of this subsection. For the registration of each motorcycle with side car or box attached used for commercial purposes, the triennial fee shall be ninety dollars. The commissioner may register a motorcycle with a side car under one registration which shall cover the use of such motorcycle with or without such side car. (2) Six dollars of the total fee with respect to the registration of each motorcycle shall, when entered upon the records of the Special Transportation Fund, be deemed to be appropriated to the Department of Transportation for purposes of continuing the program of motorcycle rider education formerly funded under the federal Highway Safety Act of 1978, 23 USC 402.

(c) For the registration of each taxicab or motor vehicle in livery service, with a seating capacity of seven or less, the commissioner shall charge a biennial fee of two hundred sixty-six dollars. When the seating capacity of such motor vehicle is more than seven, there shall be added to the amount herein provided the sum of four dollars for each seat so in excess.

(d) For the registration of each motor bus, except a motor bus owned and operated by a multiple-state passenger carrier as hereinafter defined, the commissioner shall charge a fee of fifty-six dollars and such registration shall be sufficient for all types of operation under this chapter. For the registration of motor buses owned or operated by a multiple-state passenger carrier, the commissioner shall charge registration fees based on the rate of one dollar and twenty-five cents per hundredweight of the gross weight, such gross weight to be computed by adding the light weight of the vehicle fully equipped for service to one hundred fifty pounds per passenger for the rated seating capacity, plus the sum of forty-two dollars. The fee in each case shall be determined on an apportionment basis commensurate with the use of the highways of this state as herein provided. The commissioner shall require the registration of that percentage of the motor buses of such multiple-state passenger carrier operating into or through the state which the mileage of such motor buses actually operated in the state bears to the total mileage of all such motor buses operated both within and without the state. Such percentage figures shall be the mileage factor. In computing the registration fees on the number of such motor buses which are allocated to the state for registration purposes under the foregoing formula, the commissioner shall first compute the amount that the registration fees would be if all such motor buses were in fact subject to registration in the state, and then apply to such amount the mileage factor above referred to, provided, if the foregoing formula or method of allocation results in apportioning a lesser or greater number of motor buses or amount of registration fees to the state than the state under all of the facts is fairly entitled to, then a formula that will fairly apportion such registration fees to the state shall be determined and used by the commissioner. Said mileage factor shall be computed prior to March first of each year by using the mileage records of operations of such motor buses operating both within and without the state for the twelve-month period, or portion thereof, ending on August thirty-first next preceding the commencement of the registration year for which registration is sought. If there were no operations in the state during any part of such preceding twelve-month period, the commissioner shall proceed under the provisions of subsection (a) of article IV of section 14-365. In apportioning the number of motor buses to be registered in the state, as provided in this subsection, any fractional part of a motor bus shall be treated as a whole motor bus and shall be registered and licensed as such. Any motor bus operated both within and without the state which is not required to be registered in the state under the provisions of this section shall nevertheless be identified as a part of the fleet of the multiple-state passenger carrier and the commissioner shall adopt an appropriate method of identification of such motor buses owned and operated by such carrier. The identification of all such motor buses by the commissioner as required in this subsection shall be considered the same as the registration of such motor buses under this chapter. The substitution from time to time of one motor bus for another by a multiple-state passenger carrier shall not require registration thereof in the state as long as the substitution does not increase the aggregate number of motor buses employed in the operation of such carrier, provided all such motor buses substituted for others shall be immediately reported to and identification issued for the same by the commissioner and, if a registration fee is required to be paid for such substituted motor bus, the same shall be promptly paid. As used in this subsection, the phrase “multiple-state passenger carrier” means and includes any person, firm or corporation authorized by the Interstate Commerce Commission or its successor agency to engage in the business of the transportation of passengers for hire by motor buses, both within and without the state.

(e) (1) For the registration of a passenger motor vehicle used in part for commercial purposes, except any pick-up truck having a gross vehicle weight rating of less than twelve thousand five hundred pounds, the commissioner shall charge a triennial fee of one hundred thirty-two dollars and shall issue combination registration to such vehicle. (2) For the registration of a school bus, the commissioner shall charge an annual fee of one hundred seven dollars for a type I school bus and sixty-four dollars for a type II school bus. (3) For the registration of a motor vehicle when used in part for commercial purposes and as a passenger motor vehicle or of a motor vehicle having a seating capacity greater than ten and not used for the conveyance of passengers for hire, the commissioner shall charge a biennial fee for gross weight as for commercial registration, as outlined in section 14-47, plus the sum of fourteen dollars and shall issue combination registration to such vehicle. (4) Each vehicle registered as combination shall be issued a number plate bearing the word “combination”. No vehicle registered as combination may have a gross vehicle weight rating in excess of twelve thousand five hundred pounds. (5) For the registration of a pick-up truck having a gross vehicle weight rating of less than twelve thousand five hundred pounds that is not used in part for commercial purposes, the commissioner shall charge a triennial fee for gross weight as for commercial registration, as provided in section 14-47, plus the sum of twenty-one dollars. The commissioner may issue passenger registration to any such vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of eight thousand five hundred pounds or less.

(f) For the registration of each electric motor vehicle, the commissioner shall charge a fee of fifty-seven dollars triennially or a prorated amount if the registration period is less than three years.

(g) For the registration of all motorcycles, registered under a general distinguishing number and mark, owned or operated by, or in the custody of, a manufacturer of, dealer in or repairer of motorcycles, there shall be charged an annual fee at the rate of thirty-seven dollars for each set of number plates furnished.

(h) The minimum annual fee for any commercial registration of a motor vehicle not equipped with pneumatic tires shall be sixty dollars.

(i) For the transfer of the registration of a motor vehicle previously registered, except as provided in subsection (e) of section 14-16 and subsection (c) of section 14-253a, there shall be charged a fee of twenty-one dollars.

(j) Repealed by 1972, P.A. 255, S. 6.

(k) For the registration of each motor hearse used exclusively for transportation of the dead, the commissioner shall charge a fee of thirty-seven dollars. The commissioner may furnish distinguishing number plates for any motor hearse.

(l) The fee for the registration of each truck to be used between parts of an industrial plant, as provided in section 13a-117, shall be thirty dollars for the first two hundred feet of the public highway, the use of which is granted by such permit. For each additional two hundred feet or fraction thereof, the fee shall be twelve dollars.

(m) (1) For the registration of a trailer used exclusively for camping or any other recreational purpose, the commissioner shall charge a triennial fee of twenty-eight dollars and fifty cents. (2) For any other trailer or semitrailer not drawn by a truck-tractor, the commissioner shall charge the same fee as prescribed for commercial registrations in section 14-47, provided the fee for a heavy duty trailer, a crane or any other heavy construction equipment shall be three hundred twenty-six dollars for each year; except that the registration fee for each motor vehicle classed as a tractor-crane and equipped with rubber tires shall be one-half the fee charged for the gross weight of commercial vehicles.

(n) For each temporary registration of a motor vehicle not used for commercial purposes, or renewal of such registration, the commissioner shall charge a fee computed at the rate of twenty-one dollars for each ten-day period, or part thereof. For each temporary registration of a motor vehicle used for commercial purposes, or renewal of such registration, the commissioner shall charge a fee computed at the rate of twenty-seven dollars for each ten-day period, or part thereof, if the motor vehicle has a gross vehicle weight rating of six thousand pounds or less. For each temporary registration of a motor vehicle used for commercial purposes, or renewal of such registration, the commissioner shall charge a fee computed at the rate of forty-nine dollars for each ten-day period, or part thereof, if the motor vehicle has a gross vehicle weight rating of more than six thousand pounds.

(o) No registration fee shall be charged in respect to any motor vehicle owned by a municipality, as defined in section 7-245, any other governmental agency or a military agency and used exclusively for the conduct of official business. No registration fee shall be charged for any motor vehicle owned by or leased to a transit district and used exclusively to provide public transportation. No fee shall be charged for the registration of ambulances owned by hospitals or any nonprofit civic organization approved by the commissioner. No fee shall be charged for the registration of fire department apparatus as provided by section 14-19. No registration fee shall be charged to a disabled veteran, as defined in section 14-254, residing in this state for the registration of three passenger, camper or passenger and commercial motor vehicles leased or owned by such veteran in any registration year, provided such vehicles shall not be used for hire. No registration fee shall be charged for any motor vehicle leased to an agency of this state on or after June 4, 1982.

(p) For the registration of a service bus owned by an individual, firm or corporation, exclusive of any nonprofit charitable, religious, educational or community service organization, and used for the transportation of persons without charge, the commissioner shall charge a fee of two hundred thirteen dollars for vehicles having a seating capacity of sixteen passengers or less, including the driver, and seven hundred forty-seven dollars for vehicles having a seating capacity of more than sixteen passengers. For the registration of any service bus owned by any nonprofit charitable, religious, educational or community service organization, the commissioner shall charge a fee of one hundred sixty dollars for vehicles having a seating capacity of sixteen passengers or less, and five hundred thirty-three dollars for vehicles having a seating capacity of more than sixteen passengers, provided such service bus is used exclusively for the purpose of transporting persons in relation to the purposes and activities of such organization. Each such registration shall be issued for a biennial period in accordance with a schedule established by the commissioner. Nothing contained in this subsection shall affect the provisions of subsection (e) of this section.

(q) The commissioner shall collect a triennial fee of forty-five dollars for the registration of each motor vehicle used exclusively for farming purposes or a prorated amount if the registration period is less than three years. No such motor vehicle may be used for the purpose of transporting goods for hire or taking the on-the-road skills test portion of the examination for a motor vehicle operator's license. No farm registration shall be issued to any person operating a farm that has gross annual sales of less than two thousand five hundred dollars in the calendar year preceding registration. The commissioner may issue a farm registration for a passenger motor vehicle under such conditions as said commissioner shall prescribe in regulations adopted in accordance with chapter 54. No motor vehicle issued a farm registration may be used to transport ten or more passengers on any highway unless such motor vehicle meets the requirements for equipment and mechanical condition set forth in this chapter, and, in the case of a vehicle used to transport more than fifteen passengers, including the driver, the applicable requirements of the Code of Federal Regulations, as adopted by the commissioner, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 14-163c. The operator of such motor vehicle used to transport ten or more passengers shall hold a public passenger endorsement issued in accordance with the provisions of section 14-44. Any farm registration used otherwise than as provided by this subsection shall be revoked.

(r) Repealed by P.A. 73-549, S. 2, 4.

(s) A fee of sixty-nine dollars shall be charged in addition to the regular fee prescribed for the registration of a motor vehicle, including but not limited to any passenger motor vehicle or motorcycle, in accordance with this section for a number plate or plates for such vehicle bearing any combination of letters or numbers requested by the registrant and which may be issued in the discretion of the commissioner, except in any case in which the number plates bear the official call letters of an amateur radio station.

(t) For the registration of each camper, the commissioner shall charge a triennial fee of one hundred twelve dollars and fifty cents. The commissioner shall refund the registration fee for any camper registration provided the registrant cancels such registration and requests a refund prior to the expiration of the registration period as follows: (1) (A) For a triennial registration, one-third of the registration fee if there is at least one year but not more than two years remaining until the expiration of such registration on the date of cancellation, and (B) two-thirds of the registration fee if there are two years or more remaining until the expiration of such registration on the date of cancellation; and (2) for a biennial registration, one-half of the registration fee if there is one year or more remaining until the expiration of such registration on the date of cancelation.

(u) Repealed by P.A. 85-81.

(v) There shall be charged for each motor vehicle adult or youth instruction permit or renewal thereof a fee of nineteen dollars. There shall be charged for each motorcycle instruction permit or renewal thereof a fee of sixteen dollars.

(w) In addition to the fee established for the issuance of motor vehicle number plates and except as provided in subsection (a) of section 14-21b and subsection (c) of section 14-253a, there shall be an additional safety fee of five dollars charged at the time of issuance of any reflectorized safety number plate or set of plates. All moneys derived from said safety fee shall be deposited in the Special Transportation Fund.

(x) For each special use registration for a period of thirty days or less, the fee shall be twenty-one dollars.

(y) The commissioner shall assess a ten-dollar late fee for renewal of a motor vehicle registration in the event a registrant fails to renew his or her registration within five days after the expiration of such registration, except that no such fee shall be assessed for the late renewal of the registration, pursuant to subdivision (1) of subsection (m) of this section, of (1) a trailer used exclusively for camping or any other recreational purpose, or (2) a motor vehicle designed or permanently altered in such a way as to provide living quarters for travel or camping. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, if a registrant who is required to register a motor vehicle under section 14-34a fails to renew such registration not later than five days after the expiration date of such registration, the commissioner shall assess a late fee of one hundred fifty dollars.

(z) The commissioner shall refund the registration fee for any motor vehicle, provided the registrant cancels the motor vehicle registration and requests a refund prior to the expiration of the registration period as follows: (1) (A) For a triennial registration, one-third of the registration fee if there is at least one year but not more than two years remaining until the expiration of such registration on the date of cancellation, and (B) two-thirds of the registration fee if there are two years or more remaining until the expiration of such registration on the date of cancellation; and (2) for a biennial registration, one-half of the registration fee if there is one year or more remaining until the expiration of such registration on the date of cancelation.

(1949 Rev., S. 2388; 1953, 1955, S. 1306d; 1955, S. 1303d, 1304d, 1305d; 1957, P.A. 164; 450; 608; 668; 1959, P.A. 62, S. 1; 545, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 22, S. 1; 233, S. 8; 441; 581, S. 8; 591; February, 1965, P.A. 220; 414, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 501, S. 2; 1969, P.A. 302, S. 2; 759, S. 6, 7, 8; 816; 1971, P.A. 526, S. 4; 529; 598; 1972, P.A. 255, S. 6; P.A. 73-454, S. 2, 5; 73-549, S. 2, 4; P.A. 75-213, S. 5, 53; P.A. 76-386; P.A. 77-538, S. 1, 2; P.A. 78-81; 78-284, S. 1, 2; P.A. 79-244, S. 3; 79-502; P.A. 80-71, S. 28, 30; 80-457, S. 2, 3; 80-466, S. 13, 14, 25; P.A. 81-394, S. 5; P.A. 82-333, S. 1, 2; 82-382, S. 2, 4; 82-460, S. 3, 6; P.A. 83-489, S. 4-6, 17; 83-515, S. 2; P.A. 84-254, S. 34, 62; 84-306, S. 1, 2; 84-429, S. 54; P.A. 85-81; 85-213; 85-525, S. 2, 6; 85-613, S. 146, 154; P.A. 86-157, S. 2; 86-383, S. 2, 3, 6; 86-388, S. 29, 31; P.A. 87-304, S. 1, 4; 87-329, S. 10; 87-362, S. 2, 3; 87-425; P.A. 88-194; P.A. 89-232, S. 1; P.A. 90-263, S. 14-16, 46, 74; 90-299, S. 1; P.A. 92-156, S. 2, 7; 92-177, S. 7, 12; P.A. 93-74, S. 42, 67; 93-341, S. 17-19, 38; P.A. 94-189, S. 6, 25, 34; P.A. 95-260, S. 18, 24; P.A. 96-167, S. 7; 96-222, S. 16, 17, 41; 96-248, S. 2, 4; P.A. 97-226, S. 3, 6; 97-309, S. 6, 23; 97-322, S. 7, 9; P.A. 98-152, S. 1, 2; P.A. 99-118; 99-232, S. 4; P.A. 00-169, S. 4, 26; P.A. 02-70, S. 44, 51; 02-105, S. 2; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-4, S. 21, 25, 26, 32, 33; P.A. 04-143, S. 20; 04-182, S. 4-6; 04-199, S. 8-10, 17; P.A. 05-218, S. 17; P.A. 07-167, S. 28; P.A. 08-150, S. 9; P.A. 09-187, S. 39; P.A. 10-110, S. 1; P.A. 11-6, S. 139; P.A. 12-81, S. 41; P.A. 13-271, S. 20; P.A. 14-122, S. 21; P.A. 18-164, S. 25; P.A. 19-165, S. 8.)

History: 1959 acts repealed provisions for testing of equipment by commissioner and amended Subsec. (r) to increase certain fees; 1961 acts increased fees in Subsecs. (a) through (e), (g) through (n) and (p), (q) and (r) and added the last clause to Subsec. (r); 1965 acts changed “hundredweight” in Subsec. (p) to “hundred pounds or fraction thereof” and added Subsec. (t); 1967 act added Subsec. (u); 1969 acts added Subsec. (v), increased fees in Subsecs. (a) to (i), (k) to (n) and (p) to (s) and revised provisions re mileage factor calculation in Subsec. (d); 1971 acts specified applicability of Subsec. (m) to semitrailers “not drawn by a truck tractor”, clarified fees charged in Subsec. (r) replacing reference to records of registration or license with records “including, but not limited to, transcripts of hearings ... but excluding lists of owners of motor vehicles and supplements to such lists” and clarified Subsec. (s) by adding phrase “including but not limited to any passenger motor vehicle or motorcycle”; 1972 act repealed Subsec. (j); P.A. 73-454 added Subsec. (w); P.A. 73-549 repealed Subsec. (r); P.A. 75-213 increased fees in all subsections except Subsec. (w); P.A. 76-386 included other motor vehicles used as school buses in Subsec. (e); P.A. 77-538 included provision re vehicles owned or leased by transit district in Subsec. (o); P.A. 78-81 extended area of operation allowed for farm vehicles in Subsec. (q) from 7 to 25 miles; P.A. 78-284 added special provisions in Subsec. (p) re service buses owned by nonprofit organizations and required annual inspection of service buses; P.A. 79-244 added Subsec. (x); P.A. 79-502 specified that registration of buses under Subsec. (d) is “sufficient for all types of operation under this chapter”; P.A. 80-71 changed Subsec. (a) to reflect change to biennial registration; P.A. 80-457 added exception in Subsec. (a) re registrations by persons 65 or older; P.A. 80-466 added refund provision in Subsec. (a) and added reference to single license plate in Subsec. (s); P.A. 81-394 added Subsec. (y) which set registration fee for high-mileage vehicles; P.A. 82-333 amended Subsec. (b) by increasing the fee from $8 to $10 and providing that the additional $2 for each registration shall become part of the general fund, however, it shall be deemed to be appropriated for a program of motorcycle rider education formerly supported by federal funds; P.A. 82-382 added provision to Subsec. (o) that no registration fee shall be charged for any motor vehicle leased to an agency of the state; P.A. 82-460 included provisions re “combination” motor vehicles in Subsec. (e), changing seating capacity of vehicles not used as public service motor vehicles from seven to ten and made a technical correction in Subsec. (w); P.A. 83-489 amended Subsec. (g) to increase fee for each set of number plates furnished from $10 to $20, amended Subsec. (i) to increase fee for the transfer of registration of a motor vehicle previously registered from $5 to $6 and amended Subsec. (w) to increase safety fee from $1 to $2; P.A. 83-515 amended Subsec. (a), increasing the registration fee for antique, rare or special interest motor vehicles from $7 to $20; P.A. 84-254 increased the motor vehicle registration fees in all Subsecs. except (o) and (w), with the increases taking effect as of July first of 1984, 1986, 1988 and 1992, except under Subsec. (v) as of July first of 1985, 1989, 1991 and 1993; P.A. 84-306 amended Subsec. (w), requiring that moneys from the safety fee be deposited in the general fund rather than in special safety fund; P.A. 84-429 made technical changes for statutory consistency; P.A. 85-81 repealed former Subsec. (u) concerning registration fees for vehicles with consular plates; P.A. 85-213 amended Subsec. (q), increasing the distance from the farm which farm vehicles may be operated on highways from 25 to 35 miles; P.A. 85-525 amended Subsec. (a) to require biennial, instead of annual, registration of any motor vehicle for which special plates have been issued under Sec. 14-20, amended Subsec. (b) to require biennial, instead of annual, registration of motorcycles, amended Subsec. (e)(1) to require biennial, instead of annual, registration of a passenger motor vehicle used in part for commercial purposes or of a passenger motor vehicle used as a school bus having a seating capacity of seven or less, amended Subsec. (e)(3) to require biennial, instead of annual, registration of a commercial motor vehicle used in part as a passenger motor vehicle or of a motor vehicle having a seating capacity greater than ten and not used as a public service motor vehicle, amended Subsec. (g) to require biennial, instead of annual, registration of motorcycles owned or operated by, or in the custody of, a manufacturer of, dealer in or repairer of motorcycles, amended Subsec. (m)(1) to require biennial, instead of annual, registration of a trailer used exclusively for camping or any other recreational purpose, amended Subsec. (q) to require biennial, instead of annual, registration of motor vehicles used exclusively for farming purposes, amended Subsec. (t) to require biennial, instead of annual, registration of campers, and amended Subsec. (x) to require biennial, instead of annual, registration of vanpool vehicles; P.A. 85-613 amended Subsec. (o) to apply to vehicles owned by municipalities “as defined in section 7-245”; P.A. 86-157 added Subsec. (z), specifying fee for special use registration; P.A. 86-383 amended Subsec. (e) to prohibit registration of “combination” motor vehicles weighing over 10,000 pounds and to require registration fee refunds for “combination” registrations and amended Subsec. (g) to reflect change from imposition of biennial to annual fee; P.A. 86-388 amended Subsec. (w), substituting “number” plate for marker plate and providing that the $2 fee be charged for issuance of a set of plates; P.A. 87-304 amended Subsec. (i) to add an exemption from assessment of the fee for transfer of registration of a vehicle previously registered for handicapped persons receiving a special international symbol of access number plate after transfer of their previously unexpired registrations and amended Subsec. (w) to add an exemption from assessment of the safety fee for handicapped persons receiving a special international symbol of access number plate after transfer of their previously unexpired registrations; P.A. 87-329 maintained the fees at the levels existing on and after July 1, 1986, and decreased the fees effective July 1, 1992, to the levels formerly existing on and after July 1, 1988, and made several technical changes; P.A. 87-362 amended Subsec. (t) to require registration fee refunds for camper registrations and amended Subsec. (w) to include an exemption from assessment of the safety fee; P.A. 87-425 amended Subsec. (b) by changing the amount deemed appropriated to the department of transportation for purposes of continuing the program of motorcycle rider education from $2 of the total fee with respect to the registration of such motorcycle to $4, and by specifying that such amount shall be entered upon the records of the special transportation fund, rather than the general fund; P.A. 88-194 amended Subsec. (a) to eliminate the registration fee for antique fire apparatus and transit buses owned by nonprofit organizations and used primarily for public events; P.A. 89-232 amended Subsec. (q) to eliminate the mileage limitation on operation of motor vehicles used exclusively for farming purposes, to prohibit the use of such vehicles for transporting goods for hire and to prohibit the issuance of farm registrations to any person having gross annual farm sales of less than $1,000; P.A. 90-263 amended Subsec. (b)(1) to substitute phrase “for commercial purposes” for “as a commercial motor vehicle” with respect to registration of motorcycle with side car or box attached, amended Subsec. (c) to substitute taxicab or motor vehicle in livery service for public service motor vehicle other than a motor bus, amended Subsec. (e)(1) to delete phrase re registration “of a passenger motor vehicle used as a school bus having a seating capacity of seven or less”, to substitute ten for seven in Subsec. (e)(2) with regard to seating capacity of a school bus or other vehicle used as a school bus, to provide that fees specified in Subsec. (e)(3) apply to registration of motor vehicle used in part for commercial purposes and as a passenger motor vehicle, deleting reference to public service motor vehicle, and to provide in Subsec. (e)(4) that motor vehicles used in part for commercial purposes and private passenger purposes be issued a combination registration, deleting reference to passenger and commercial registration, amended Subsec. (h) to add phrase “registration of a” after “the minimum annual fee for any commercial”, amended Subsec. (m)(2) to substitute commercial registrations for commercial motor vehicles, and amended Subsec. (n)(2) to substitute motor vehicle used to transport passengers for hire for public service motor vehicle and Subsec. (n)(3) to substitute motor vehicle used for commercial purposes for commercial motor vehicle; P.A. 90-299 added Subsec. (aa) concerning assessment of fees for late registration renewals; P.A. 92-156 amended Subsec. (aa) to require commissioner to assess a $10 late fee for registration renewal if registrant fails to renew within 5 days after expiration, eliminating schedule of graduated increases in late fees; P.A. 92-177 amended Subsecs. (a) and (e) to eliminate requirement that commissioner refund one-half of registration fee when plates are returned with one year or more remaining until expiration, amended Subsecs. (o) and (p) to require that a $20 fee be charged for inspection, amended Subsec. (s) to increase additional registration fee from $47 to $65, making fee applicable to plates bearing any combination of letters or numbers requested by registrant and issued in discretion of commissioner, to increase fee effective July 1, 1992, from $53 to $65, and to require that a $30 fee be charged for registration renewals in addition to regular fee prescribed, deleting prohibition re charging an additional fee except for first year of issuance, and amended Subsec. (w) to increase safety fee from $2 to $5; P.A. 93-74 amended Subsec. (s) by eliminating fee for renewal of vanity plate, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 93-341 amended Subsec. (c) to delete fee provisions rendered obsolete as of July 1, 1992, amended Subsec. (e) to delete fee provisions rendered obsolete as of July 1, 1992 and to specify fees for type I and type II school buses, and amended Subsec. (p) by eliminating the weight-based registration fees and replacing them with fees based on seating capacity and deleting provisions re annual inspection and fees, effective July 1, 1994 (Revisor's note: The phrase “added shall be” which should have been deleted from before the words “eight dollars” at the end of Subsec. (e)(3) was deleted editorially by the Revisors to correct a technical clerical error); P.A. 94-189 amended Subsec. (i) by changing the reference to Subsec. (b) of Sec. 14-153a to Subsec. (d) and deleted obsolete language re fee increases, and further, amended Subsec. (aa) by adding exception re trailers used exclusively for camping or any other recreational purpose, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-260 amended Subsec. (a) to require commissioner to refund one-half of registration fee for passenger registration when plates are returned on or after January 1, 1995, with one year or more remaining until expiration, effective June 13, 1995; P.A. 96-167 amended Subsec. (q) to make a technical change, to prohibit the use of motor vehicles used exclusively for farming purposes for taking the on-the-road skills test portion of the motor vehicle operator's license examination, to prohibit the issuance of farm registrations to any person having gross annual farm sales of less than $2,500 instead of $1,000 and to authorize commissioner to issue farm registrations for passenger motor vehicles under such conditions as prescribed in regulations; P.A. 96-222 amended Subsec. (d) to insert “or its successor agency” after “Interstate Commerce Commission” and amended Subsec. (m)(2) to eliminate the commissioner's authority to charge fee for heavy duty trailer or other heavy construction equipment for part of a year and to make a technical change, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-248 amended Subsec. (v) to increase fee for motor vehicle learner's permit or renewal from $5.50 to $6 and deleted obsolete fee schedule, effective January 1, 1997; P.A. 97-226 amended Subsec. (w) to make a technical change and to allow commissioner to waive safety fee for any person who submits a police report indicating that number plate has been stolen or mutilated for purpose of obtaining the sticker attached to plate, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 97-309 amended Subsec. (w) to require deposit of safety fee in Special Transportation Fund rather than General Fund, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 97-322 changed effective date of P.A. 97-309 but without affecting this section; P.A. 98-152 amended Subsec. (a) by making technical changes and deleting a provision mandating the commissioner to refund one-half of certain registration fees and added Subsec. (bb) re the refund of one-half of a registration fee; P.A. 99-118 amended Subsec. (o) by increasing the number of vehicles a disabled veteran may register without fee from one owned passenger motor vehicle to three passenger motor vehicles, campers or passenger and commercial motor vehicles leased or owned; P.A. 99-232 amended Subsec. (aa) to insert designator for Subpara. (A) and add Subpara. (B) re a motor vehicle designed or permanently altered to provide living quarters for travel or camping (Revisor's note: In Subsec. (aa) the subparagraph designators (A) and (B) were changed editorially by the Revisors to subdivision designators (1) and (2) for consistency with customary statutory usage); P.A. 00-169 made technical corrections in Subsec. (o) and amended Subsec. (q) to add provisions that motor vehicles with farm registrations used for transporting ten or more passengers meet certain equipment and mechanical condition requirements and such vehicles used for transporting fifteen or more passengers also meet the applicable requirements of the Code of Federal Regulations adopted by the commissioner, and that the operator of such a vehicle hold a public transportation permit or endorsement under Sec. 14-44, and made a technical change for the purpose of gender neutrality; P.A. 02-70 amended Subsec. (e)(4) to revise the basis for issuing a combination registration from the vehicle's gross weight to its gross vehicle weight rating and, effective July 1, 2002, amended Subsec. (q) to make a technical change; P.A. 02-105 made a technical change in Subsec. (i), effective January 1, 2003; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-4 amended Subsec. (a) to increase fees for registration of passenger motor vehicle other than electric motor vehicle from $70 to $75 for two years and, for persons age 65 or older, from $35 to $38 for one year and from $70 to $75 for two years, and to increase fee for biennial registration of vehicle with special license plates from $70 to $75, amended Subsec. (b) to increase biennial fee for registration of motorcycle to $40 and to make a technical change, amended Subsec. (c) to increase registration fee for each taxicab or motor vehicle in livery service, with seating capacity of seven or less, from $105 to $125, amended Subsec. (e) to increase biennial fee for registration of passenger motor vehicle used in part for commercial purposes from $78 to $83 in Subdiv. (1) and to increase registration fee for motor vehicle used in part for commercial purposes and as passenger vehicle, and for motor vehicle having seating capacity of greater than ten and not used as conveyance for hire, to amount for commercial vehicle based on weight plus $13, rather than $8, in Subdiv. (3), and amended Subsec. (v) to increase fees for learner's permit or renewal from $6 to $18 and for motorcycle learner's permit or renewal from $5.50 to $15, effective January 1, 2004; P.A. 04-143 amended Subsec. (v) to substitute “training” permit for “learner's” permit, effective May 21, 2004; P.A. 04-182 amended Subsec. (i) to increase fee from $11 to $20 for registration of motor vehicle previously registered, amended Subsec. (n) by replacing former provisions with provisions to increase fee for temporary registration or renewal of such registration of a noncommercial motor vehicle to $20 for each 10-day period, or part thereof, of a commercial motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight of 6,000 pounds or less to $25 for each 10-day period, or part thereof, and of a commercial motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight of more than 6,000 pounds to $46 for each 10-day period, or part thereof, and amended Subsec. (z) to increase fee for special use registration for period of 30 days or less from $10 to $20, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-199 amended Subsec. (c) to change registration fee from annual in amount of $125 to biennial in amount of $250, effective July 1, 2004, amended Subsec. (e) to except pick-up trucks and to require commissioner to issue combination registration to passenger vehicle used in part for commercial purposes in Subdiv. (1), to require commissioner to issue combination registration to passenger vehicle used in part for commercial purposes or to vehicle having seating capacity greater than ten not used for conveyance of passengers for hire in Subdiv. (3), to make conforming changes in Subdiv. (4), and to add Subdiv. (5) to establish biennial registration fee for pick-up truck and to permit issuance of passenger registration for pick-up truck meeting specified requirements, effective June 3, 2004, and amended Subsec. (p) to change registration fees from annual to biennial, double amount of each fee and add provision re registration schedule, and amended Subsec. (bb) to delete former Subdivs. (1) and (2) and provide for refunding of registration fee for any motor vehicle when number plates and registration certificate returned with one year or more remaining before expiration of registration, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 05-218 amended Subsec. (e) by specifying applicability to pick-up truck “having a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 12,500 pounds” in Subdivs. (1) and (5) and, in Subdiv. (4), changing weight limit from 10,000 to 12,500 pounds; P.A. 07-167 deleted former Subsec. (x) re biennial fee for vanpool vehicle registration and redesignated existing Subsecs. (y) to (bb) as Subsecs. (x) to (aa), effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 08-150 amended Subsec. (w) to delete requirement that police report indicate that number plate or set of number plates have been stolen or mutilated “for the purpose of obtaining the sticker attached to the plate denoting the expiration date of the registration”; P.A. 09-187 amended Subsec. (w) to delete provision re waiver of safety fee if number plates were stolen or mutilated; P.A. 10-110 amended Subsec. (o) to delete operator's license fee exemption re motor vehicles owned by municipality or governmental or military agency, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 11-6 increased fees in Subsec. (a) for biennial registration from $75 to $80, one-year registration from $38 to $40, and biennial registration of vehicle with special plates from $75 to $80, in Subsec. (b) for biennial registration of motorcycle from $40 to $42, and biennial registration of motorcycle with side car from $56 to $60, in Subsec. (c) for a taxicab from $250 to $266, in Subsec. (d) for a motor bus, from $53 to $56, and for a multiple-state passenger carrier, from $1.25 plus $39 to $1.25 plus $42, in Subsec. (e)(1) for passenger vehicle used in part for commercial purposes from $83 to $88, in Subsec. (e)(2) for a type I school bus from $100 to $107 and for a type II school bus from $60 to $64, in Subsec. (e)(3) for a vehicle used in part for commercial purposes or one having seating capacity greater than ten, from a biennial fee for gross weight plus $13 to a biennial fee for gross weight plus $14, and in Subsec. (e)(5) for a pick-up truck from a biennial fee for gross weight plus $13 to a biennial fee for gross weight plus $14, in Subsec. (f) for registration of an electric motor vehicle, from $18 to $19, in Subsec. (g) for motorcycles, from $35 to $37, in Subsec. (h) for commercial registration from $56 to $60, in Subsec. (i) for previously-registered vehicle from $20 to $21, in Subsec. (k) for a hearse from $35 to $37, in Subsec. (l) for truck used in industrial plant from $28 to $30, in Subsec. (m) for trailer from $18 to $19 and for construction equipment from $306 to $326, in Subsec. (n) for temporary registration from $20 to $21, for temporary registration of vehicle used for commercial purposes from $25 to $27, and for temporary registration of a high-weight vehicle used for commercial purposes from $46 to $49, in Subsec. (p) for registration of service bus with capacity of 16 or fewer, from $200 to $213, for service bus with capacity of more than 16, from $700 to $747, for service bus with capacity of 16 or fewer owned by nonprofit from $150 to $160 and for service bus with capacity of more than 16 owned by nonprofit from $500 to $533, in Subsec. (q) for farming vehicle from $28 to $30, in Subsec. (s) for vanity plates from $65 to $69, in Subsec. (t) for a camper from $70 to $75, in Subsec. (v) for a learner's permit from $18 to $19 and for a motorcycle training permit from $15 to $16, in Subsec. (x) for a high-mileage vehicle from $44 to $47, and in Subsec. (y) for a special use registration from $20 to $21, and amended Subsec. (z) by adding a late registration fee of $150 dollars, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-81 amended Subsec. (v) to replace “motor vehicle learner's permit” with “motor vehicle adult or youth instruction permit” and replace “motorcycle training permit” with “motorcycle instruction permit”, effective January 1, 2013; P.A. 13-271 amended Subsec. (f) to replace provision re fee of $15 for each year or part thereof and $19 on and after July 1, 2011, with provision re fee of $38 biennially; P.A. 14-122 made a technical change in Subsec. (i), effective June 6, 2014; P.A. 18-164 amended Subsecs. (t) and (aa) to add provision re refunding one-half of registration fee if canceled with one year or more remaining until expiration and requested prior to expiration, amended Subsecs. (t), (x) and (z) to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-165 replaced provisions re two-year registration and biennial fee with provisions re three-year registration and triennial fee in Subsecs. (a), (b), (e), (f), (m), (q) and (t), further amended Subsec. (a) to add provision re prorated registration fee, further amended Subsec. (b) by replacing $4.00 with $6.00 re amount deemed appropriated to Department of Transportation for motorcycle rider education in Subdiv. (2), further amended Subsec. (f) by adding provision re prorated amount, amended Subsec. (h) by replacing $50.00 with $60.00 re minimum annual fee for certain commercial registrations, amended Subsec. (k) by replacing $31.00 with $37.00 re registration of motor hearse, amended Subsec. (l) by replacing $25.00 with $30.00 re registration of truck used between parts of industrial plant, amended Subsec. (o) to delete provision re inspection of ambulance, further amended Subsec. (q) to add provision re prorated amount and replace “public transportation permit or endorsement” with “public passenger endorsement”, further amended Subsec. (t) to replace provisions re refund of registration fee with provisions re same, deleted former Subsec. (x) re registration of high-mileage vehicle, redesignated existing Subsecs. (y) to (aa) as Subsecs. (x) to (z), amended redesignated Subsec. (z) to replace provisions re refund of registration fee with provisions re same, and made technical and conforming changes, effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-49b. Registration renewal fee. Passport to the Parks Fee. (a) For each new registration or renewal of registration of any motor vehicle with the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles pursuant to this chapter, the person registering such vehicle shall pay to the commissioner a fee of fifteen dollars for registration for a triennial period, ten dollars for registration for a biennial period and five dollars for registration for an annual period, except that any individual who is sixty-five years of age or older on or after January 1, 1994, may, at the discretion of such individual, pay the fee for a one-year period if such individual obtains a one-year registration under subsection (a) of section 14-49. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to any motor vehicle that is not self-propelled, that is electrically powered, or that is exempted from payment of a registration fee. This fee may be identified as the “federal Clean Air Act fee” on any registration form provided by the commissioner. Payments collected pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be deposited as follows: (1) Fifty-seven and one-half per cent of such payments collected shall be deposited into the Special Transportation Fund established pursuant to section 13b-68, and (2) forty-two and one-half per cent of such payments collected shall be deposited into the General Fund. The fee required by this subsection is in addition to any other fees prescribed by any other provision of this title for the registration of a motor vehicle. No part of the federal Clean Air Act fee shall be subject to a refund under subsection (z) of section 14-49.

(b) For each new registration or renewal of registration of any motor vehicle with the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles pursuant to this chapter, the person registering such vehicle shall pay to the commissioner a fee of fifteen dollars for registration for a triennial period or ten dollars for registration for a biennial period for the following registration types: Passenger, motorcycle, motor home, combination or antique. Any person who is sixty-five years or older and who obtains a one-year registration renewal under section 14-49 for such registration type shall pay five dollars for the annual registration period. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to any motor vehicle that is not self-propelled or that is exempted from payment of a registration fee. This fee shall be identified as the “Passport to the Parks Fee” on any registration form provided by the commissioner. Payments collected pursuant to the provisions of this subsection shall be deposited in the Passport to the Parks account established pursuant to section 23-15h. The fee required by this subsection is in addition to any other fees prescribed by any other provision of this title for the registration of a motor vehicle. No part of the “Passport to the Parks Fee” shall be subject to a refund under subsection (z) of section 14-49.

(P.A. 93-235, S. 3; P.A. 94-189, S. 22; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 46, 121; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6, S. 79, 85; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 150; P.A. 04-151, S. 11; P.A. 06-161, S. 7; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 393; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 325; P.A. 19-165, S. 9.)

History: P.A. 94-189 amended Subsec. (a) by adding the provision “that any individual who is 65 years of age or older on or after January 1, 1994, may, at his discretion, pay the fee for either a one-year or two-year period”; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing the “Clean Air Act fund” with the “Clean Air Act account”, effective June 24, 1998; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision re new registration, to increase the Clean Air Act fee, to provide that a portion of the revenue therefrom shall go to the Special Transportation Fund, to provide that fee required by section is in addition to other registration fees and to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2001; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “and any funds transferred to the account pursuant to section 22a-27m may additionally be used by the Commissioner of Environmental Protection to carry out the provisions of chapter 446c”; P.A. 04-151 amended Subsec. (a) to change “22a-174a” to “22a-174”, effective May 21, 2004; P.A. 06-161 made a technical change in Subsec. (a); June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 deleted former Subsec. (b) re operating budget for federal Clean Air Act account, deleted provisions re deposit and use of funds in said account, added requirement that payments be deposited in General Fund and made a conforming change; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 designated existing provisions re registration fee as Subsec. (a) and amended same to add provision re fee not subject to refund, added Subsec. (b) re Passport to the Parks Fee, and made technical and conforming changes, effective January 1, 2018; P.A. 19-165 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to add provision re registration fee for triennial period and replace reference to Sec. 14-49(aa) with reference to Sec. 14-49(z), and further amended Subsec. (a) to replace provision re two-year registration for individual who is 65 years of age or older with provision re one-year registration under Sec. 14-49(a), effective January 1, 2020.

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Sec. 14-50. Fees for operator's license renewal, passenger endorsement, operator's examination, collection cost and returned check or rejected payment. Waiver of fees. (a) Subject to the provisions of subsection (c) of section 14-41, any person who renews a motor vehicle operator's license which contains one or more passenger endorsements shall be charged an additional fee of twelve dollars for each year or part thereof for each passenger endorsement.

(b) There shall be charged for each examination of an operator of a motor vehicle a fee of forty dollars which shall be paid in such time and manner as the commissioner shall direct. The fee shall cover all parts of the examination. If the applicant fails the examination, or any part thereof, the applicant shall be charged an additional fee of forty dollars to retake the examination, or retake the part that was failed.

(c) The commissioner shall waive any operator's license or registration fee, including any renewal fee, in the case of any person in the active service of the armed forces of the United States who was a legal resident of Connecticut at the time of his or her induction; and for one licensing period to any person (1) honorably separated from such service, or (2) with a qualifying condition, as defined in section 27-103, who has separated from such service other than with a bad conduct characterization or dishonorably, which person applies for such operator's license or registration within two years following the date of separation and was a legal resident of Connecticut at the time of his or her induction. The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to implement the provisions of this subsection.

(d) The commissioner may adopt procedures for issuing licenses on an expedited basis and may charge a fee of not more than seventy-five dollars for such expedited service.

(e) The commissioner may assess a fee to cover the cost of the collection of number plates, motor vehicle registration certificates or operators' licenses, upon the holders thereof; and such number plates, motor vehicle registration certificates or operators' licenses shall not be returned to the holder thereof or reissued until such fee is paid.

(f) Whenever any check issued to the commissioner in payment of any fee is returned as uncollectible or a payment of any fee by means of a credit or debit card is rejected or dishonored, the commissioner shall charge the drawer of such check or the person presenting such check to him, or the holder of the credit or debit card or the person presenting such credit or debit card to the commissioner, a fee of thirty-five dollars for each such fee that is due in an amount of not more than two hundred dollars, and a fee of fifteen per cent of the full amount of each such fee that is due in an amount in excess of two hundred dollars, plus all protest fees or charges, to cover the cost of collection.

(g) All fees provided for in this chapter shall be construed to be license fees imposed for the administration of this chapter and as compensation for the privilege of using the highways of this state, and to reimburse the state in whole or in part for injury done to the highways by the operation of motor vehicles.

(1949 Rev., S. 2389; 1953, 1955, S. 1299d; 1957, P.A. 322; 599, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 481, S. 2; 581, S. 9; 1967, P.A. 807, S. 5, 6; 1969, P.A. 759, S. 9; 1971, P.A. 91; 508; P.A. 74-81; P.A. 75-213, S. 4, 53; P.A. 76-263, S. 7, 9; P.A. 77-6, S. 1, 2; P.A. 78-252, S. 1, 2; P.A. 83-489, S. 7, 17; P.A. 84-254, S. 35, 62; 84-429, S. 55; P.A. 85-525, S. 3, 6; P.A. 87-329, S. 11, 12; P.A. 90-263, S. 18, 74; P.A. 91-13, S. 2, 3; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-9, S. 2, 4; P.A. 93-341, S. 20, 38; P.A. 97-1, S. 2, 4; P.A. 98-95; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6, S. 78, 85; June Sp. Sess. P. A 01-9, S. 51, 131; P.A. 03-171, S. 9; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-4, S. 22; P.A. 04-182, S. 7; 04-199, S. 21; P.A. 09-187, S. 3, 52; P.A. 12-81, S. 6; P.A. 13-271, S. 21; P.A. 14-130, S. 13; P.A. 18-47, S. 17; P.A. 19-165, S. 13.)

History: 1961 acts increased inspection fee in Subsec. (b) and added Subsec. (f); 1967 act added provisions re fees for motorcycle operator's licenses in Subsecs. (a) and (b); 1969 act increased fees for motor vehicle or motorcycle operator's license from $6 to $8 and additional fee for public service operator's license from $3 to $4 in Subsec. (a); 1971 acts replaced “discharge” and “discharged” with “separation” and “separated” in Subsec. (c) and required application within two years rather than one year of date of separation and made $5 charge in Subsec. (e) applicable to checks of $50 or less, adding 10% charge for checks over $50; P.A. 74-81 inserted new Subsec. (d) re waiver of fees upon request of fire chief and relettered former Subsec. (d) and remaining subsections accordingly; P.A. 75-213 increased fees in Subsec. (a) from $8 to $10 and from $4 to $5 and in Subsec. (b) from $5 to $6.50; P.A. 76-263 amended Subsec. (a) to include reference to Sec. 14-41 and to increase fee from $10 to $21; P.A. 77-6 included drawers of checks in Subsec. (f); P.A. 78-252 increased charges in Subsec. (f) to $10 for checks not exceeding $100 and 10% for checks over $100; P.A. 83-489 amended Subsec. (b) to increase operator examination fee from $6.50 to $10; P.A. 84-254 increased the fee amounts reflected in the Subsecs., with the increases taking effect on successive July first dates of various years; P.A. 84-429 made technical changes for statutory consistency; P.A. 85-525 amended Subsec. (a) to increase license renewal fee from $26 to $26.50, on and after July 1, 1984, to reduce fee from $32 to $31, on and after July 1, 1986, to reduce fee from $37 to $35.50, on and after July 1, 1988, and to increase fee from $42 to $44, on and after July 1, 1992; P.A. 87-329 amended Subsec. (a), maintaining the fees at the levels existing on and after July 1, 1986, and decreasing the fees effective July 1, 1992, to the levels formerly existing on and after July 1, 1988, and amended Subsec. (g), maintaining the fee at the level existing on and after July 1, 1986, and delaying until July 1, 1992, the fee increase formerly effective on and after July 1, 1988; P.A. 90-263 amended Subsec. (a) to substitute public passenger transportation permit for public service operator's license; and amended Subsec. (b) to delete provisions re inspection fee for public service motor vehicles; P.A. 91-13 amended Subsec. (b) to establish a fee for each advance appointment for operator's license examination; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-9 amended Subsec. (b) to make imposition of the fee for an advance appointment for operator's license examination permissive instead of mandatory; P.A. 93-341 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing reference to “public passenger transportation permit” with “passenger endorsement” and amended Subsec. (d) by deleting references to “class 2” licenses, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 97-1 deleted obsolete references re fees throughout section, eliminated fee for issuance of home training certificate in Subsec. (g) and relettered existing Subsec. (h) as (g), effective January 30, 1997; P.A. 98-95 amended Subsec. (f) to change fee from $36 to $15 for checks of not more than $100 and from 36% to 15% for checks over $100, limited application of percentage to a $200 maximum and imposed new $35 charge for amounts in excess of $200; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6 amended Subsec. (a) to provide increased license fees for six-year license and to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 amended Subsec. (a) to provide for the option of a four or six-year license and a corresponding fee structure, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 03-171 amended Subsec. (a) to delete fees for renewals of motorcycle operator's licenses and amended Subsec. (b) to make examination fee applicable to operator of motor vehicle and delete “motorcycle or other”; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-4 amended Subsec. (a) to increase fees for renewal of motor vehicle operator's licenses from $35.50 to $43 for four-year renewal and from $53 to $65 for six-year renewal, and to increase additional fee for each passenger endorsement from $9 to $12, and amended Subsec. (b) to increase fee for examination of operator of motor vehicle from $36 to $40, effective January 1, 2004; P.A. 04-182 amended Subsec. (f) to increase fees to $35 for returned check issued to commissioner in an amount not more than $200 and to 15% of amount of check in excess of $200, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-199 amended Subsec. (c) to require commissioner to waive any operator's license or registration fees, including renewal fees, of persons in active service of the armed forces of the United States meeting requirements of subsection and to permit commissioner to adopt regulations to implement provisions of subsection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 09-187 amended Subsec. (b) to add provisions re fee payment and coverage, require additional fee to retake examination and delete provisions re advance appointment fee, effective October 1, 2009, and amended Subsec. (f) to add provisions re payment by credit or debit card and make conforming changes, effective July 1, 2009; P.A. 12-81 amended Subsec. (a) to delete provision re fee for renewal of a 4-year license and make additional fee for passenger endorsement apply to part of year, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-271 amended Subsec. (a) to increase fee from $65 to $72; P.A. 14-130 amended Subsec. (d) by replacing provisions re waiver of operator's examination fee for member of fire department or company with provision re expedited service, effective January 1, 2015; P.A. 18-47 amended Subsec. (c) to designate existing provision re honorably separated as Subdiv. (1), add Subdiv. (2) re person with qualifying condition and separation other than with bad conduct characterization or dishonorably, and to make technical changes; P.A. 19-165 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “there shall be charged a fee of seventy-two dollars for each renewal of a motor vehicle operator's license issued for a period of six years and” with “any person who renews a motor vehicle operator's license which contains one or more passenger endorsements shall be charged”, effective January 1, 2020.

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(D)

DEALERS' AND REPAIRERS' LICENSES

Sec. 14-62c. Fee on dealer for processing trade-in. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall charge each new car dealer or used car dealer licensed pursuant to section 14-52 a fee of one hundred dollars for each transaction in which the new car dealer or used car dealer processes a used motor vehicle traded in by the purchaser of a new motor vehicle or used motor vehicle from such new car dealer or used car dealer. Any fees collected pursuant to this section shall be deposited in the General Fund. Nothing in this section shall prohibit a new car dealer or used car dealer from seeking remuneration for the fee imposed by this section.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 667; P.A. 19-117, S. 361; 19-161, S. 36.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 effective December 1, 2017, and applicable to transactions occurring on or after December 1, 2017; P.A. 19-117 increased trade-in fee from $35 to $100, effective October 1, 2019, and applicable to transactions occurring on or after October 1, 2019; P.A. 19-161 added provision re remuneration for fee.

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PART V

EQUIPMENT

Sec. 14-96q. Permits for colored or flashing lights. Exceptions. Fee. (a) A permit is required for the use of colored or flashing lights on all motor vehicles or equipment specified in this section except: (1) Motor vehicles not registered in this state used for transporting or escorting any vehicle or load, or combinations thereof, which is either oversize or overweight, or both, when operating under a permit issued by the Commissioner of Transportation pursuant to section 14-270; or (2) motor vehicles or equipment that are (A) equipped with lights in accordance with this section, (B) owned or leased by the federal government, the state of Connecticut, or any other state, commonwealth or local municipality, and (C) registered to such governmental entity. When used in this section the term “flashing” shall be considered to include the term “revolving”.

(b) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, or such other person specifically identified in this section, is authorized to issue permits for the use of colored or flashing lights on vehicles in accordance with this section, at the commissioner's or such person's discretion. Any person, firm or corporation other than the state or any metropolitan district, town, city or borough shall pay an annual permit fee of twenty dollars to the commissioner for each such vehicle. Such fee shall apply only to permits issued by the commissioner.

(c) A flashing blue light or lights may be used on a motor vehicle operated by an active member of a volunteer fire department or company or an active member of an organized civil preparedness auxiliary fire company who has been issued a permit by the chief executive officer of such department or company to use a flashing blue light or lights while on the way to or at the scene of a fire or other emergency requiring such member's services. Such permit shall be on a form provided by the commissioner and may be revoked by such chief executive officer or successor. The chief executive officer of each volunteer fire department or company or organized civil preparedness auxiliary fire company shall keep on file, on forms provided by the commissioner, the names and addresses of members who have been authorized to use a flashing blue light or lights as provided in this subsection. Such listing shall also designate the registration number of the motor vehicle on which authorized a flashing blue light or lights are to be used.

(d) A green light or lights, including a flashing green light or lights, may be used on a motor vehicle operated by an active member of a volunteer ambulance association or company who has been issued a permit by the chief executive officer of such association or company to use such a light or lights, while on the way to or at the scene of an emergency requiring such member's services. Such permit shall be on a form provided by the commissioner and may be revoked by such chief executive officer or successor. The chief executive officer of each volunteer ambulance association or company shall keep on file, on forms provided by the commissioner, the names and addresses of members who have been authorized to use a flashing green light or lights as provided in this subsection. Such listing shall also designate the registration number of the vehicle on which the authorized flashing green lights are to be used.

(e) The commissioner may issue a permit for a flashing red light or lights which may be used on a motor vehicle or equipment (1) used by paid fire chiefs and their deputies and assistants, up to a total of five individuals per department, (2) used by volunteer fire chiefs and their deputies and assistants, up to a total of five individuals per department, (3) used by members of the fire police on a stationary vehicle as a warning signal during traffic directing operations at the scene of a fire or emergency, (4) used by chief executive officers of emergency medical service organizations, as defined in section 19a-175, the first or second deputies, or if there are no deputies, the first or second assistants, of such an organization that is a municipal or volunteer or licensed organization, (5) used by local fire marshals, or (6) used by directors of emergency management.

(f) The commissioner may issue a permit for a yellow or amber light or lights, including a flashing yellow or amber light or lights, which may be used on motor vehicles or equipment that are (1) specified in subsection (e) of this section, (2) maintenance vehicles, or (3) vehicles transporting or escorting any vehicle or load or combinations thereof, which is or are either oversize or overweight, or both, and being operated or traveling under a permit issued by the Commissioner of Transportation pursuant to section 14-270. A yellow or amber light or lights, including a flashing yellow or amber light or lights, may be used without obtaining a permit from the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles on wreckers registered pursuant to section 14-66, on vehicles of carriers in rural mail delivery service or on vehicles operated by construction inspectors employed by the state of Connecticut, authorized by the Commissioner of Transportation, used during the performance of inspections on behalf of the state. The Commissioner of Transportation shall maintain a list of such authorized construction inspectors, including the name and address of each inspector and the registration number for each vehicle on which the lights are to be used.

(g) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may issue a permit for a white light or lights, including a flashing white light or lights, which may be used on a motor vehicle or equipment as specified in subdivision (1), (2), (4), (5) or (6) of subsection (e) of this section. A vehicle being operated by a member of a volunteer fire department or company or a volunteer emergency medical technician may use flashing white head lamps, provided such member or emergency medical technician is on the way to the scene of a fire or medical emergency and has received written authorization from the chief law enforcement officer of the municipality to use such head lamps. Such head lamps shall only be used within the municipality granting such authorization or from a personal residence or place of employment, if located in an adjoining municipality. Such authorization may be revoked for use of such head lamps in violation of this subdivision. For the purposes of this subsection, the term “flashing white lights” shall not include the simultaneous flashing of head lamps.

(h) The commissioner may issue a permit for emergency vehicles, as defined in subsection (a) of section 14-283, to use a blue, red, yellow, or white light or lights, including a flashing light or lights or any combination thereof, except as provided in subsection (j) of this section.

(i) The commissioner may issue a permit for ambulances, as defined in section 19a-175, which may, in addition to the flashing light or lights allowed in subsection (h) of this section, use flashing lights of other colors specified by federal requirements for the manufacture of an ambulance. If the commissioner issues a permit for any ambulance, such permit shall be issued at the time of registration and upon each renewal of such registration.

(j) A green, yellow or amber light or lights, including a flashing green, yellow or amber light or lights or any combination thereof, may be used on a maintenance vehicle owned and operated by the Department of Transportation.

(k) No person, other than a police officer or inspector of the Department of Motor Vehicles operating a state or local police vehicle, shall operate a motor vehicle displaying a steady blue or steady red illuminated light or both steady blue and steady red illuminated lights that are visible externally from the front of the vehicle.

(l) Use of colored and flashing lights except as authorized by this section shall be an infraction.

(1967, P.A. 834, S. 19; 1969, P.A. 759, S. 12; 1971, P.A. 459, S. 1; P.A. 73-544, S. 24; P.A. 74-99, S. 2, 3; P.A. 75-577, S. 43, 126; P.A. 78-156, S. 3; P.A. 79-4; P.A. 84-254, S. 47, 62; 84-377, S. 3, 4; P.A. 85-217, S. 2; P.A. 87-41, S. 2; P.A. 93-307, S. 5, 34; P.A. 94-189, S. 8; P.A. 96-167, S. 30; P.A. 99-150, S. 2; 99-268, S. 23; P.A. 00-169, S. 22; P.A. 04-182, S. 11; P.A. 05-218, S. 10; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 214; P.A. 16-55, S. 22; P.A. 17-230, S. 8; P.A. 19-161, S. 10.)

History: 1969 act increased fee in Subsec. (c) from $1 to $2 per vehicle; 1971 act amended Subsec. (c)(4) to add “revolving” yellow lights and to allow their use on oversize or overweight loads, allowed use of flashing lights to indicate slow speed of vehicle, included escort vehicles in permit provisions and added proviso re required permit for vehicles not registered in this state; P.A. 73-544 replaced “civil defense” with “civil preparedness” in Subsec. (c); P.A. 74-99 amended Subsec. (c) to allow use of flashing green lights by members of volunteer ambulance associations or companies; P.A. 75-577 added Subsec. (d); P.A. 78-156 amended Subsec. (c) to allow use of flashing red lights on vehicles used to pick up or discharge not more than nine handicapped students when stopped to do so; P.A. 79-4 amended Subsec. (c) to allow use of flashing red lights on rescue vehicles; P.A. 84-254 amended Subsec. (c) to increase periodically the permit fee from $2 to $7 as of July 1, 1993; P.A. 84-377 amended Subsec. (c), permitting motor vehicles accommodating fifteen or less handicapped students to use flashing red lights when receiving or discharging such students; P.A. 85-217 amended Subsec. (c), permitting the chief executive officers of emergency medical service organizations to use flashing red lights as provided in Subsec. (a) of Sec. 14-96p and deleting references to the flashing of red lights by motor vehicles used as buses by handicapped students and by stationary vehicles used by fire police as warning signals; P.A. 87-41 amended Subsec. (c), permitting use of flashing white lights in conjunction with flashing red lights on an ambulance responding to an emergency call; P.A. 93-307 amended Subsec. (c) to permit flashing red lights on ambulances and to permit flashing white lights used in conjunction with “flashing head lamps” on ambulances responding to emergency calls, effective June 29, 1993; P.A. 94-189 amended Subsec. (c)(7) by adding “and a flashing amber light” after “flashing head lamps”; P.A. 96-167 amended Subsec. (c)(7) to authorize use of flashing lights of colors other than white specified by federal requirements for manufacture of ambulances; P.A. 99-150 amended Subsec. (c) by adding local fire marshals and directors of emergency management to the list of those authorized to use flashing red lights; P.A. 99-268 amended Subsec. (c) by allowing wreckers, registered pursuant to Sec. 14-66, to have flashing or revolving yellow lights and by making technical changes re gender neutrality; P.A. 00-169 revised effective date of P.A. 99-268 but without affecting this section; P.A. 04-182 amended Subsec. (c) to increase annual permit fee to $20 and to delete provision re past fee increases, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 05-218 amended Subsec. (c) by changing “written” to “special” permit, adding “and on other vehicles that display lights for which a permit is required, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 14-96p”, deleting “of two dollars” re annual permit fee and adding provision requiring special permits for ambulances to be issued at time of registration or renewal, effective July 6, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 replaced former Subsecs. (a) to (d) with new Subsec. (a) re permit for use of colored or flashing lights on motor vehicles or equipment, new Subsec. (b) re issuance of permits for use of colored or flashing lights, new Subsec. (c) re use of blue lights on motor vehicles and new Subsec. (d) re use of green lights on motor vehicles, added Subsec. (e) re issuance of permits for use of red lights on motor vehicles or equipment, added Subsec. (f) re issuance of permits for use of yellow or amber lights on motor vehicles or equipment, added Subsec. (g) re issuance of permits for use of white lights on motor vehicles or equipment, added Subsec. (h) re issuance of permit for use of certain colored lights on emergency vehicles, added Subsec. (i) re issuance of permit for use of flashing lights of other colors specified by federal requirements on ambulances, and added Subsec. (j) re penalty, effective June 30, 2015; P.A. 16-55 amended Subsecs. (c) and (d) by making technical changes, effective May 31, 2016; P.A. 17-230 amended Subsec. (f) to add provision re use of yellow or amber lights for vehicles operated by construction inspectors employed by the state; P.A. 19-161 amended Subsec. (h) by adding exception re provisions of Subsec. (j), added new Subsec. (j) re use of green, yellow or amber lights on maintenance vehicles, added Subsec. (k) re prohibition re display of steady blue or red light or both blue and red lights on motor vehicles, redesignated existing Subsec. (j) as Subsec. (l) and made conforming and technical changes.

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PART VI

JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE

Sec. 14-111g. Operator's retraining program. (a) For the purposes of this subsection, “moving violation” means any violation of subsection (c) of section 14-36 or section 14-36g, 14-212d, 14-218a, 14-219, 14-222, 14-223, 14-230 to 14-249, inclusive, 14-279, 14-283, 14-289b, 14-296aa, 14-299, 14-300, 14-301, 14-302 or 14-303, and “suspension violation” means a violation of section 14-222a, 14-224, 14-227a, 14-227m or 14-227n, or section 53a-56b, 53a-57 or 53a-60d. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may require any motor vehicle operator who is twenty-four years of age or less, who has been convicted of a moving violation or a suspension violation, or both, committed on two or more occasions to attend a motor vehicle operator's retraining program. The commissioner may require any motor vehicle operator over twenty-four years of age, who has been convicted of a moving violation or a suspension violation or a combination of said violations, committed on three or more occasions to attend a motor vehicle operator's retraining program. The commissioner shall require any motor vehicle operator convicted of traveling more than seventy-five miles per hour, any person operating a commercial motor vehicle convicted of traveling more than sixty-five miles per hour in a highway work zone, as defined in section 14-212d, or any person convicted of a violation of subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of section 14-224, to attend a motor vehicle operator's retraining program. The commissioner shall notify such operator, in writing, of such requirement. A fee of not more than eighty-five dollars shall be charged for the retraining program. The commissioner, after notice and opportunity for hearing, may suspend the motor vehicle operator's license of any such operator who fails to attend or successfully complete the program until the operator successfully completes the program. The hearing shall be limited to any claim of impossibility of the operator to attend the retraining program, or to a determination of mistake or misidentification.

(b) The retraining program shall be taught by a designee of the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles or by an instructor approved by the commissioner and shall (1) review principles of motor vehicle operation, (2) develop alternative attitudes for those attitudes contributing to aggressive driving behavior, and (3) emphasize the need to practice safe driving behavior. The retraining program shall be offered by the Department of Motor Vehicles or by any other organization certified by the commissioner to conduct such program. Any drivers' school, as defined in section 14-68, that meets the licensure requirements of part IV of this chapter shall be eligible to seek certification to offer the motor vehicle operator's retraining program. The commissioner shall determine the number of program providers necessary to serve the needs of the public. Each organization or drivers' school seeking certification or recertification to conduct such retraining program shall submit an application to the department in such form as the commissioner shall require and an application fee of three hundred fifty dollars. Each such applicant shall: (A) Be registered to do business in this state and continuously maintain good standing with the office of the Secretary of the State; (B) file and continuously maintain a surety bond in the amount of fifty thousand dollars. Such bond shall be conditioned upon compliance with the provisions of any state or federal law or regulation concerning the conduct of an operator retraining program and provided as indemnity for any loss or expense sustained by either the state or any person by reason of any acts or omissions of the program provider. Such bond shall be executed in the name of the State of Connecticut for the benefit of any aggrieved party, but the penalty of the bond shall not be invoked except upon order of the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles after a hearing held before the commissioner in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54; (C) have a permanent place of business in this state where all operator retraining program records shall be maintained and accessible to the commissioner during normal business hours; (D) submit for approval by the commissioner a detailed curriculum and lesson plan, including any changes to such curriculum and lesson plan, which shall be used in each operator retraining class; and (E) electronically transmit information concerning enrollment and class completion to the commissioner at such times and in such form as the commissioner shall prescribe. Prior to the certification of an applicant, the commissioner shall investigate the applicant's character, driving history and criminal history. If the applicant is a business entity, such investigation shall include the principals and officers of such entity. The applicant shall submit to the commissioner any information pertaining to current or past criminal or civil actions. The certification of a program provider by the commissioner shall not be transferable and shall be valid for a two-year period. Recertification of a provider shall be at the discretion of the commissioner and in such form and manner determined by the commissioner.

(c) Any person who is required to attend an operator retraining program shall have such requirement and the completion date of such requirement posted on such person's driving history record maintained by the commissioner. The date of class completion shall remain on such person's driving history record until such person has attained thirty-six consecutive months without any additional moving violations or suspension violations specified in subsection (a) of this section being posted to such person's driving history record. Until the completion of such thirty-six consecutive months, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall suspend such person's operator's license or operating privilege for: (1) Thirty days upon a first conviction for any specified moving violation or suspension violation; (2) sixty days upon a second conviction of any specified moving violation or suspension violation; and (3) ninety days for a third or subsequent conviction of a specified moving violation or suspension violation.

(d) The commissioner shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 to implement the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this section.

(P.A. 93-181, S. 1, 4; P.A. 95-221, S. 3, 4; P.A. 98-182, S. 12, 22; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-1, S. 115; P.A. 03-278, S. 45; P.A. 08-32, S. 7; P.A. 10-110, S. 31; P.A. 11-213, S. 54; P.A. 12-81, S. 13; P.A. 13-92, S. 2; P.A. 16-126, S. 14; P.A. 18-164, S. 22; P.A. 19-53, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 93-181 effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 95-221 made the retraining program applicable to all licensed motor vehicle operators by deleting the provision limiting such program to operators under 18 years of age and the provision authorizing the commissioner to suspend the operator's license of an operator who does not successfully complete the program until the operator attains the age of 18 years, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 98-182 amended Subsec. (a) by creating a suspension violation, altering the requirements for attending a retraining program for persons 24 years of age or younger and persons over 24 years of age, expanding the retraining program to include the development of alternative attitudes for those contributing to aggressive behavior and an emphasis on safe driving behavior and added a new Subsec. (b) allowing the commissioner to retain a portion of the fees collected for the cost of implementing the retraining program, effective July 1, 1998; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-1 amended Subsec. (a) to delete reference to Sec. 14-227a(b), effective July 1, 2002; P.A. 03-278 made technical changes in Subsec. (a), effective July 9, 2003; P.A. 08-32 redefined “moving violation” in Subsec. (a) to include violation of Sec. 14-36(c), Sec. 14-36g or Sec. 14-296aa(d), effective August 1, 2008; P.A. 10-110 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “licensed motor vehicle operator” with “motor vehicle operator” and to delete components of retraining program, deleted former Subsec. (b) re authority of commissioner to retain not more than $10 from each fee collected pursuant to Subsec. (a) for program costs and added new Subsec. (b) re components of retraining program and certification of organizations to conduct such program, effective January 1, 2011; P.A. 11-213 redefined “moving violation” in Subsec. (a), added new Subsec. (c) re operator retraining requirement, driving history record and suspension provisions during 36 consecutive months following completion of requirement and redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d); P.A. 12-81 amended Subsec. (a) to redefine “moving violation” by replacing reference to Secs. 14-299 to 14-303, inclusive, with Sec. 14-299, 14-300, 14-301, 14-302 or 14-303, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-92 amended Subsec. (a) to include in definition of “moving violation” any violation of Sec. 14-212d and to require operator's retraining program attendance for any motor vehicle operator convicted of traveling more than 75 miles per hour in a highway work zone and any operator of a commercial motor vehicle convicted of traveling more than 65 miles per hour in a highway work zone; P.A. 16-126 amended Subsec. (a) by adding references to Secs. 14-227m and 14-227n; P.A. 18-164 amended Subsec. (a) to increase maximum fee for retraining program from $60 to $85, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-53 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provision re a violation of Sec. 14-224(c)(1).

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PART VII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 14-145. Towing or removal of motor vehicle from private property. Use of a wheel-locking device. Regulations. Prohibition re issuance of parking citation. Exemption. Penalty. (a)(1) An owner or lessee of private property, or his or her agent, may remove or cause to be removed, or may use a wheel-locking device to render immovable, any motor vehicle left without authorization on such property in accordance with the provisions of this section and sections 14-145a to 14-145c, inclusive, provided any owner or lessee of private commercial property, or his or her agent, shall install conspicuous signage stating that motor vehicles left without authorization on such private commercial property may be removed or rendered immovable and indicating where such motor vehicle will be stored, how the vehicle may be redeemed and any costs or fees that may be charged.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection, an owner or lessee of private commercial property or such owner or lessee's agent may tow any motor vehicle left without authorization on such property and no signage warning of such towing shall be required to be installed by such owner or lessee if such motor vehicle is left (A) in a space reserved, as required in section 14-253a, for exclusive use by persons who are blind and persons with disabilities and such vehicle does not bear a removable windshield placard or special license plate, as defined in section 14-253a, (B) in an area reserved for authorized emergency vehicles, (C) within ten feet of a fire hydrant, as provided in section 14-251, (D) blocking building access, (E) blocking entry or exit from such property, or (F) for forty-eight or more hours.

(3) A lending institution may repossess any motor vehicle, in accordance with the provisions of section 36a-785, by contracting with a wrecker licensed under section 14-66 or an entity exempt from such licensure, as provided in subsection (f) of section 14-66, to tow or otherwise remove such motor vehicle in accordance with the provisions of this section and sections 14-145a to 14-145c, inclusive. In the case of a repossession, no signage as described in subdivision (1) of this subsection shall be required.

(4) This section shall not apply to law enforcement, fire-fighting, rescue, ambulance or emergency vehicles which are marked as such, or to motor vehicles left without authorization on property leased by any governmental agency.

(b) (1) (A) When an unauthorized motor vehicle is towed or otherwise removed by a wrecker licensed under section 14-66, or a repossessed motor vehicle is towed or otherwise removed by a wrecker or an exempt entity, the licensee or operator of the wrecker or the exempt entity shall notify the local police department of the tow or removal within two hours. Such notification shall be submitted, in writing, or transmitted by facsimile or electronic mail and the record of such notification shall be retained by such licensee, operator or exempt entity in accordance with the provisions of section 14-66b.

(B) No such licensee, operator or exempt entity may charge a storage fee for an unauthorized or repossessed motor vehicle for the time it is stored prior to notification of the local police department by the licensee, operator or exempt entity. If such motor vehicle is not claimed within forty-eight hours, the licensee or operator of the wrecker or of the garage where such motor vehicle is stored or the exempt entity shall immediately complete a notice of such tow, on a form prescribed by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, and mail a copy of such form by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the owner and all lienholders of record. If the motor vehicle is not claimed by its owner within the time period specified in subsection (e) of section 14-150, the licensee or operator of the wrecker or of the garage where such motor vehicle is stored or the exempt entity may dispose of such motor vehicle in accordance with the provisions of subsection (e) and subsections (g) to (j), inclusive, of section 14-150.

(2) (A) When an unauthorized motor vehicle is rendered immovable through use of a wheel-locking device by an owner or lessee of private property or his or her agent, such owner, lessee or agent shall notify the local police department of such action within two hours. Such notification shall be submitted in writing or transmitted by facsimile or electronic mail. The record of such notification shall be retained by such owner, lessee or agent at the private property upon which such action took place, for a period of not less than six months and shall be available for inspection during regular business hours by any sworn member of the local police department or law enforcement officer or inspector designated by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.

(B) No owner, lessee or agent may charge a fee to remove a wheel-locking device prior to notification of the local police department. The fee charged to remove a wheel-locking device may not be more than fifty dollars. The person claiming the motor vehicle may choose to pay such fee in cash, by check or by debit or credit card. Ten per cent of such fee shall be remitted to the local police department by the owner, lessee or agent. If such motor vehicle is not claimed within forty-eight hours after being rendered immovable, the owner, lessee or agent shall immediately complete a notice that such motor vehicle has been rendered immovable, on a form prescribed by the commissioner, and mail a copy of such form by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the owner of such motor vehicle and all lienholders of record. If the motor vehicle is not claimed by its owner within the time period specified in subsection (e) of section 14-150, the owner, lessee or agent may dispose of such motor vehicle in accordance with the provisions of subsection (e) and subsections (g) to (j), inclusive, of section 14-150.

(3) The local police department, not later than forty-eight hours after receiving notification of a tow or removal of an unauthorized motor vehicle pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, or use of a wheel-locking device pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, shall enter the vehicle identification number into the National Crime Information Center database and the Connecticut On-Line Law Enforcement Communications Teleprocessing System to determine whether such motor vehicle has been reported as stolen. If such motor vehicle has been reported as stolen, the local police department shall immediately notify the department that reported the vehicle as stolen.

(c) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, (1) specifying the circumstances under which title to any motor vehicle towed or stored, or both, or rendered immovable under this section may be transferred to any person, firm or corporation towing, storing or rendering immovable such vehicle, and (2) establishing the procedure whereby such person, firm or corporation may obtain title to such motor vehicle.

(d) No owner or lessee of private property, or his or her agent, shall issue a parking citation by written warning, posted signage or other means to impose a monetary sanction on an owner of a motor vehicle parked on such property. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to an independent institution of higher education, as defined in subsection (a) of section 10a-173, or a private secondary school.

(e) Any person who violates any provision of this section shall, for a first offense, be deemed to have committed an infraction and be fined fifty dollars, and, for each subsequent offense, shall be fined not less than fifty dollars and not more than one hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than thirty days or be both fined and imprisoned.

(1949 Rev., S. 2469; February, 1965, P.A. 448, S. 15; 1969, P.A. 131; 417; P.A. 73-429, S. 1; P.A. 81-351, S. 1; P.A. 82-223, S. 13; P.A. 83-577, S. 19; P.A. 91-408, S. 1; P.A. 02-70, S. 68; P.A. 10-3, S. 60; P.A. 13-271, S. 29; P.A. 14-130, S. 21; P.A. 15-42, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 233; P.A. 17-79, S. 18; P.A. 18-164, S. 15; P.A. 19-140, S. 1.)

History: 1965 act added provisions re damage of vehicle or parts and removal of parts; 1969 acts added provision forbidding tampering with odometer and added exception to allow property owner or agent to remove vehicle left on property without authorization; P.A. 73-429 deleted provision re tampering with odometer; P.A. 81-351 removed and transferred the tampering provisions from the section, divided the section into subsections and established requirements for towing or removing a motor vehicle from private property; P.A. 82-223 amended Subsec. (c) by specifying that the commission of a first offense constituted an infraction and increasing the minimum fine therefor from $10 to $25; P.A. 83-577 amended Subsec. (c) by increasing the minimum fine for a first offense from $25 to $35; P.A. 91-408 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “A property owner” with “An owner or lessee of private property”, authorizing such owner or lessee to “cause to be removed” a motor vehicle, providing that removal shall be in accordance with “this section and sections 14-145a to 14-145c, inclusive”, rather than in accordance with “subsection (b) of this section” and adding exception for certain designated police, fire and emergency vehicles and for removal of vehicles from property leased by a governmental agency; P.A. 02-70 amended Subsec. (b) to require the licensee or operator of the wrecker to notify the local police department of the tow of the vehicle left on private property within 2 hours, instead of 24 hours, effective June 3, 2002; P.A. 10-3 amended Subsec. (c) to replace fine for first offense of not less than $35 nor more than $50 with fine of $50, effective April 14, 2010; P.A. 13-271 amended Subsec. (b) to add provision re notification in writing or by facsimile or electronic mail and re licensee retention of notification record, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 14-130 amended Subsec. (b) to add provisions re police to enter vehicle identification number of towed vehicle into national database and state system and to notify department of any motor vehicle reported stolen, to add provision re notice of tow if vehicle not claimed within 48 hours, and to add reference to Subsecs. (g) to (i) of Sec. 14-150, added new Subsec. (c) re commissioner to adopt regulations re transfer of title of towed vehicles, redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d) and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2014; P.A. 15-42 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provisions as Subdivs. (1) and (3), adding authorization to use wheel-locking device and signage requirement in Subdiv. (1), adding Subdiv. (2) re repossessions and replacing “the removal of motor vehicles from” with “motor vehicles left without authorization on” in Subdiv. (3), amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1)(A) and (B), amending Subdiv. (1)(A) by adding provisions re unauthorized motor vehicle and repossessed motor vehicle towed or otherwise removed by wrecker or exempt entity and deleting provisions re determination whether motor vehicle has been reported as stolen and notification by local police department, adding Subdiv. (2) re use of wheel-locking devices and adding Subdiv. (3) re determination whether motor vehicle has been reported as stolen and notification by local police department, and made technical and conforming changes; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (a) by adding new Subdiv. (2) re exceptions to signage requirement for towing and redesignating existing Subdivs. (2) and (3) as Subdivs. (3) and (4); P.A. 17-79 amended Subsecs. (b)(1)(B) and (b)(2)(B) by replacing reference to Sec. 14-150(i) with reference to Sec. 14-150(j) and making technical changes, effective January 1, 2018; P.A. 18-164 added new Subsec. (d) prohibiting issuance of parking citation and redesignated existing Subsec. (d) as Subsec. (e); P.A. 19-140 amended Subsec. (d) exempting independent institutions of higher education and private secondary schools, effective July 9, 2019.

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