Sec. 1-1. Words and phrases. Construction of statutes.
Sec. 1-1. Words and phrases. Construction of statutes. (a) In the construction of the statutes, words and phrases shall be construed according to the commonly approved usage of the language; and technical words and phrases, and such as have acquired a peculiar and appropriate meaning in the law, shall be construed and understood accordingly.
(b) The phrase “railroad company” shall be construed to mean and include all corporations, trustees, receivers or other persons, that lay out, construct, maintain or operate a railroad, unless such meaning would be repugnant to the context or to the manifest intention of the General Assembly.
(c) The term “banks” shall include all incorporated banks.
(d) The term “savings banks” shall include savings banks, societies for savings and savings societies.
(e) The term “public buildings” shall include a statehouse, courthouse, townhouse, arsenal, magazine, prison, community correctional center, almshouse, market or other building belonging to the state, or to any town, city or borough in the state, and any church, chapel, meetinghouse or other building generally used for religious worship, and any college, academy, schoolhouse or other building generally used for literary instruction.
(f) Words importing the singular number may extend and be applied to several persons or things, and words importing the plural number may include the singular.
(g) Words importing the masculine gender may be applied to females and words importing the feminine gender may be applied to males.
(h) Words purporting to give a joint authority to several persons shall be construed as giving authority to a majority of them.
(i) The word “month” means a calendar month, and the word “year” means a calendar year, unless otherwise expressed.
(j) The word “oath” shall include affirmations in cases where by law an affirmation may be used for an oath, and, in like cases, the word “swear” shall include the word “affirm”.
(k) The words “person” and “another” may extend and be applied to communities, companies, corporations, public or private, limited liability companies, societies and associations.
(l) The words “preceding”, “following” and “succeeding”, when used by way of reference to any section or sections, mean the section or sections next preceding, next following or next succeeding, unless some other section is expressly designated in such reference.
(m) Except as provided in section 7-452, “legislative body” means: (1) As applied to unconsolidated towns, the town meeting; (2) as applied to cities and consolidated towns and cities, the board of aldermen, council or other body charged with the duty of making annual appropriations; (3) as applied to boroughs and consolidated towns and boroughs, the board of burgesses; and (4) as applied to all other districts and associations, the district committee or association committee or other body charged with the duty of making annual appropriations.
(n) “Ordinance” means an enactment under the provisions of section 7-157.
(o) “Voters” means those persons qualified to vote under the provisions of section 7-6.
(p) Repealed by P.A. 76-186.
(q) Except as otherwise specifically defined, the words “agriculture” and “farming” shall include cultivation of the soil, dairying, forestry, raising or harvesting any agricultural or horticultural commodity, including the raising, shearing, feeding, caring for, training and management of livestock, including horses, bees, the production of honey, poultry, fur-bearing animals and wildlife, and the raising or harvesting of oysters, clams, mussels, other molluscan shellfish or fish; the operation, management, conservation, improvement or maintenance of a farm and its buildings, tools and equipment, or salvaging timber or cleared land of brush or other debris left by a storm, as an incident to such farming operations; the production or harvesting of maple syrup or maple sugar, or any agricultural commodity, including lumber, as an incident to ordinary farming operations or the harvesting of mushrooms, the hatching of poultry, or the construction, operation or maintenance of ditches, canals, reservoirs or waterways used exclusively for farming purposes; handling, planting, drying, packing, packaging, processing, freezing, grading, storing or delivering to storage or to market, or to a carrier for transportation to market, or for direct sale any agricultural or horticultural commodity as an incident to ordinary farming operations, or, in the case of fruits and vegetables, as an incident to the preparation of such fruits or vegetables for market or for direct sale. The term “farm” includes farm buildings, and accessory buildings thereto, nurseries, orchards, ranges, greenhouses, hoophouses and other temporary structures or other structures used primarily for the raising and, as an incident to ordinary farming operations, the sale of agricultural or horticultural commodities. The term “aquaculture” means the farming of the waters of the state and tidal wetlands and the production of protein food, including fish, oysters, clams, mussels and other molluscan shellfish, on leased, franchised and public underwater farm lands. Nothing herein shall restrict the power of a local zoning authority under chapter 124.
(r) Definition of felony and misdemeanor repealed by 1969, P.A. 828, S. 214.
(s) When a statute repealing another is afterwards repealed, the first shall not be revived without express words to that effect.
(t) The repeal of an act shall not affect any punishment, penalty or forfeiture incurred before the repeal takes effect, or any suit, or prosecution, or proceeding pending at the time of the repeal, for an offense committed, or for the recovery of a penalty or forfeiture incurred under the act repealed.
(u) The passage or repeal of an act shall not affect any action then pending.
(v) All provisions of the statutes relating to annual town meetings or elections shall be applicable to biennial meetings or elections unless a contrary intent appears.
(w) “Correctional institution”, “state prison”, “community correctional center” or “jail” means a correctional facility administered by the Commissioner of Correction.
(x) Whenever a title which denotes gender is applied to an individual the title shall suit the gender of the individual.
(y) “Deposit account” includes a share account of a savings and loan association.
(z) If a statute refers to another statute of this state, the reference includes any amendments to the referenced statute unless a contrary intent is clearly expressed.
(1949 Rev., S. 3639, 8873, 8890; 1955, S. 1700d, 1701d; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 1; 1959, P.A. 28, S. 78; 152, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 130, S. 1; 1963, P.A. 642, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 152, S. 9, 10; 1969, P.A. 297; 828, S. 214; 1971, P.A. 154, S. 1; P.A. 73-436; P.A. 74-127; P.A. 75-366; P.A. 76-186; P.A. 78-121, S. 87, 113; P.A. 81-269; P.A. 86-186, S. 1; P.A. 87-282, S. 1; P.A. 90-24; P.A. 92-26; P.A. 95-79, S. 1, 189; P.A. 96-77, S. 15, 17; P.A. 01-20, S. 1; P.A. 09-57, S. 2; P.A. 14-122, S. 61, 62; P.A. 19-18, S. 3.)
History: 1959 acts repealed definition of municipal courts and eliminated “county” from the definition of public buildings; 1961 act added definitions of “penal institutions” and “correctional institutions”; 1963 act eliminated “work house” from the definition of public buildings; 1967 act redefined “penal institutions” and “correctional institutions”; 1969 P.A. 297 redefined “correctional institutions” and P.A. 828 repealed the definition of “felonies” and “misdemeanors,” effective October 1, 1971; 1971 act redefined “correction institutions”; P.A. 73-436 added Subsec. (x); P.A. 74-127 amended Subsec. (g) to provide that words which imply feminine gender also apply to males; P.A. 75-366 expanded and clarified the definitions of “agriculture” and “farming”; P.A. 76-186 repealed Subsec. (p) defining “page”; P.A. 78-121 added definition of “deposit account”; P.A. 81-269 amended Subsec. (q) by expanding the definition of agriculture to include the raising or harvesting of shellfish and by defining aquaculture; P.A. 86-186 amended Subsec. (w) to reflect restructuring of Connecticut Correctional Institution, Enfield as Connecticut Correctional Institution, Enfield-Medium, and Connecticut Correctional Institution, Enfield-Minimum, to add the Connecticut Correctional Center, Cheshire and to change the name of the Connecticut Correctional Institution, Cheshire to the John R. Manson Youth Institution, Cheshire; P.A. 87-282 amended Subsec. (w) to change the name of the Connecticut Correctional Institution, Enfield-Minimum to the Carl Robinson Correctional Institution, Enfield; P.A. 90-24 redefined “correctional institutions” in Subsec. (w) by deleting reference to “Connecticut Correctional Camp, Portland” and by adding reference to the Eddy/DWI Correctional Unit, Middletown; the Hartell/DWI Correctional Unit, Windsor Locks; the J.B. Gates Correctional Unit, Niantic; the Jennings Road Detention Center, Hartford; the Morgan Street Detention Center, Hartford; the Union Avenue Detention Center, New Haven; the Western Substance Abuse Treatment Unit, Newtown, and made certain other technical changes; P.A. 92-26 redefined “agriculture” and “aquaculture” to include the raising or harvesting of fish and expanded the definition of “farm” to include hoophouses and other temporary structures; P.A. 95-79 redefined “person” and “another” to include limited liability companies, effective May 31, 1995; P.A. 96-77 amended Subsec. (k) to reposition “limited liability companies”; P.A. 01-20 amended Subsec. (w) to replace provisions defining “correctional institutions” and listing by name the correctional institutions, youth institutions, correctional centers, community correctional centers, detention centers, correctional units and substance abuse treatment units included within that definition and provisions construing “State Prison”, “State Prison for Women”, “jail” or “jails”, “Connecticut Reformatory” and “The Connecticut State Farm for Women” with provision that “correctional institution”, “state prison”, “community correctional center” or “jail” means a correctional facility administered by the Commissioner of Correction; P.A. 09-57 added Subsec. (z) re construction of statutory references, effective May 20, 2009; P.A. 14-122 made technical changes in Subsecs. (i) and (l) to (o); P.A. 19-18 redefined “agriculture” and “farming” in Subsec. (q) to include the production of honey.
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Sec. 1-1h. Identity cards. (a) Any person who does not possess a valid motor vehicle operator's license may apply to the Department of Motor Vehicles for an identity card. The application for an identity card shall be accompanied by the birth certificate of the applicant or a certificate of identification of the applicant issued and authorized for such use by the Department of Correction and a fee of twenty-eight dollars. Such application shall include: (1) The applicant's name; (2) the applicant's address; (3) whether the address is permanent or temporary; (4) the applicant's date of birth; (5) notice to the applicant that false statements on such application are punishable under section 53a-157b; and (6) such other pertinent information as the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles deems necessary. The applicant shall sign the application in the presence of an official of the Department of Motor Vehicles. The commissioner may waive the fee for any applicant (A) who has voluntarily surrendered such applicant's motor vehicle operator's license, (B) whose license has been refused by the commissioner pursuant to subdivision (4) of subsection (e) of section 14-36, (C) who is both a veteran, as defined in subsection (a) of section 27-103, and blind, as defined in subsection (a) of section 1-1f, or (D) who is a resident of a homeless shelter or other facility for homeless persons. The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to establish the procedure and qualifications for the issuance of an identity card to any such homeless applicant.
(b) (1) An identity card shall indicate its date of expiration, contain a picture of the applicant and specify the applicant's height, sex and eye color.
(2) An original identity card shall expire within a period not exceeding seven years following the date of the applicant's next birthday. Any person who holds an identity card may be notified by the commissioner before its expiration and may renew such card in such manner as the commissioner shall prescribe. Upon renewal of an identity card, the commissioner may issue an identity card for a period to be determined by the commissioner, provided such period does not exceed eight years. The fee for the renewal of an identity card that expires eight years from the date of issuance shall be thirty-two dollars. The commissioner shall charge a prorated amount of such fee for an identity card that expires less than eight years from the date of issuance. The commissioner shall not provide notification by mail to the holder of an identity card if the United States Postal Service has determined that mail is undeliverable to such person at the address for such person that is in the records of the department.
(c) A distinctive identity card shall be issued to any applicant less than twenty-one years of age. The identity card shall contain a statement that it is issued subject to the same verification of the applicant's identity as required for the issuance of a motor vehicle operator's license. The card may thereafter be exhibited to establish the age and identity of the person to whom it was issued.
(d) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, in consultation with the Liquor Control Commission, shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to carry out the purposes of this section and section 30-86.
(e) Any person who misrepresents his age or practices any other deceit in the procurement of an identity card, or uses or exhibits an identity card belonging to any other person, shall be guilty of a class D misdemeanor.
(P.A. 84-478, S. 1, 5; P.A. 85-613, S. 2, 154; P.A. 87-479, S. 1, 3; P.A. 91-215, S. 3; P.A. 95-260, S. 1; P.A. 99-181, S. 36; 99-268, S. 9; P.A. 00-169, S. 22; P.A. 01-63; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-4, S. 27; P.A. 05-218, S. 1; P.A. 08-150, S. 30; P.A. 11-197, S. 1; 11-213, S. 1; P.A. 12-80, S. 51; P.A. 19-165, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 84-478, S. 1, effective July 1, 1985; P.A. 85-613 made technical changes; P.A. 87-479 permitted persons who are 16 to 20 years of age, inclusive, to apply for an identity card and required the issuance of a distinctive identity card to applicants under 21; P.A. 91-215 deleted requirement that photographs submitted along with applications for identity cards be validated by the office of vital statistics of the town where the applicant resides, increased the fee for such application from $4 to $10, required that such cards specify the holder's height, sex and eye color and required that such card contain a statement re verification of holders' identity; P.A. 95-260 divided section into Subsecs., permitted any person who does not have a valid operator's license, regardless of age, to apply for an identity card, eliminated requirement that application be accompanied by a photograph of applicant, made technical changes in Subsec. (a) and inserted as Subsec. (b) a requirement that identity card expire not later than 4 years from its date of issuance and that each card indicate its expiration date and provisions re renewal of card; (Revisor's note: In 1997 references throughout the general statutes to “Motor Vehicle(s) Commissioner” and “Motor Vehicle(s) Department” were replaced editorially by the Revisors with “Commissioner of Motor Vehicles” or “Department of Motor Vehicles”, as the case may be, for consistency with customary statutory usage); P.A. 99-181 amended Subsec. (a) by allowing an application for an identity card to be accompanied by a certificate of identification issued by the Department of Correction and by making technical changes re gender neutrality; P.A. 99-268 amended Subsec. (a) by adding a provision allowing for the commissioner to waive $10 fee for an applicant who has voluntarily surrendered such operator's license or whose license has been refused pursuant to Sec. 14-36(e)(4), making a technical change and making changes re gender neutrality; P.A. 00-169 revised effective date of P.A. 99-268 but without affecting this section; P.A. 01-63 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that a certificate of identification issued by the Department of Correction may be used to obtain an identity card if it is “authorized for such use” by said department; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-4 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to increase fee for issuance and renewal of identity card to $15, effective January 1, 2005; P.A. 05-218 amended Subsec. (b) by adding “shall be notified by the commissioner before its expiration and”, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 08-150 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “birthdate” with “date of birth”, increase issuance fee from $15 to $22.50 and add provision authorizing commissioner to waive fee for applicant who is a homeless person and requiring commissioner to adopt regulations re procedure and qualifications for issuance of card to homeless applicant and amended Subsec. (b) to increase maximum expiration period from 4 to 6 years from date of issuance of card and increase renewal fee from $15 to $22.50, effective January 1, 2009; P.A. 11-197 amended Subsec. (a) by inserting Subpara. (A), (B) and (D) designators in existing provisions re fee waivers and adding Subpara. (C) re fee waiver for blind veterans; P.A. 11-213 amended Subsec. (b) to change “shall” to “may” re notification and prohibit notification by mail if determined to be undeliverable, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-80 amended Subsec. (e) to replace penalty of a fine of not more than $50 or imprisonment of not more than 30 days or both with a class D misdemeanor; P.A. 19-165 amended Subsec. (a) to increase fee from $22.50 to $28, delete provision re contents of identity card and make a technical change, and amended Subsec. (b) to designate existing provision re indication of expiration date on identity card as Subdiv. (1) and amended same to add provision re contents of identity card, designate existing provision re renewal as Subdiv. (2) and amended same to increase maximum expiration from 6 years to 7 years from date of issuance of original card and add provisions re commissioner to determine period of validity upon renewal and renewal fee, effective January 1, 2020.
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