Connecticut Penal Code—Updated and Revised |
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By: Christopher Reinhart, Chief Attorney |
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This report lists all crimes in the Connecticut Penal Code (Title 53a of the General Statutes) and their penalties. It updates OLR Report 2014-R-0087. This report has been updated by OLR Report 2016-R-0039.
Summary
This report lists all of the crimes contained in the Penal Code. It updates previous reports to reflect changes from the 2014 session. Statutes with criminal penalties that are codified outside the Penal Code are not included.
Criminal offenses in Connecticut are classified as felonies, which are punishable by imprisonment for over one year, and misdemeanors, which are punishable by imprisonment for not more than one year. In turn, felonies are classified according to severity as class A, class B, class C, class D, and class E. Misdemeanors are classified as class A, class B, class C, and class D. There are unclassified felonies and misdemeanors which are punishable by imprisonment but not designated under one of the classes listed above (under PA 12-80 and PA 13-258, some unclassified crimes may be deemed classified if they have the same maximum prison term as one of the classes specified above).
Terms of imprisonment in Connecticut must be for specific periods of time. Judges set the specific penalty for each offender from a range of sentences and fines set out in the statutes. A judge may impose a fine, a term of imprisonment, or both.
This report focuses on prison sentences and does not include fines that apply to the crimes in the Penal Code, sex offender registry requirements, or other consequences of a conviction. We also exclude statutes that are punishable as infractions or by a fine only.
Table 1 displays all of the crimes in the Penal Code arranged by classification. It displays the authorized prison sentence for each and any mandatory minimum sentence that applies.
In addition to the crimes contained in Table 1, the Penal Code also includes enhanced penalties for persistent offenders, acts of terrorism, and certain other types of offenders. These provisions are described below in Table 2.
penal code offenses
Table 1 displays all of the crimes in the Penal Code arranged by classification. It displays the authorized prison sentences for each and any mandatory minimum sentence that applies.
In addition to the crimes listed in the table, the Penal Code punishes (1) attempting or conspiring to commit any of them or (2) acting as an accomplice to one of them.
Attempt or conspiracy is a crime “of the same grade and degree as the most serious offense which is attempted or is an object of the conspiracy, except that an attempt or conspiracy to commit a class A felony is a class B felony” (CGS § 53a-51). If someone is convicted of attempt or conspiracy to commit a crime other than a class A felony that carries a mandatory minimum sentence, the offender is subject to that mandatory minimum sentence (see State v. Moran, 264 Conn. 593 (2003)).
Someone is an accomplice or criminally liable for the acts of another if he or she acts with the mental state required to commit a crime and solicits, requests, commands, or intentionally aids another to engage in criminal conduct. These offenders can be punished as if they were the principal
offenders (CGS § 53a-8). It also appears that someone who is an accomplice to a crime that is punishable by a mandatory minimum sentence would be subject to that mandatory minimum.
Table 1: Penal Code Crimes Arranged By Class, With Authorized Prison Sentences and Mandatory Minimum Sentences
Classification (Penalty) |
Crime (CGS §) |
Mandatory Minimum Sentence (if applicable) |
Capital A felony—Murder with special circumstances (life without possibility of release) |
Murder with special circumstances |
Life without possibility of release
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Class A Felonies—Murder (25 to 60 years) |
Murder |
25 years
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Felony murder |
25 years
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Class A Felony—Aggravated sexual assault of a minor (25 to 50 years) |
Aggravated sexual assault of a minor |
· 1st offense: 25 years · Subsequent offense: 50 years |
Class A Felonies (10 to 25 years) |
Assault of pregnant woman resulting in termination of pregnancy |
10 years*
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Sexual assault 1st degree (when force is used or threatened and victim under 16 or victim under 13 and actor more than two years older)
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· Five years · 10 years if victim under 10 · In all cases, 10-year mandatory minimum period of combined imprisonment and special parole |
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Aggravated sexual assault 1st degree (victim under 16) |
· Five years · 20 years if force is used or threatened · In all cases, five-year period of special parole |
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Kidnapping 1st degree |
10 years* |
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Kidnapping 1st degree with a firearm (53a-92a) |
10 years* |
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Home invasion |
10 years |
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Arson 1st degree |
No mandatory minimum (pursuant to State v. O’Neill, 200 Conn. 268 (1986)) |
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Employing a minor in an obscene performance |
10 years |
Class B Felony—Manslaughter 1st degree with a firearm (five to 40 years) |
Manslaughter 1st degree with a firearm |
Five years |
Class B Felonies (one to 20 years) |
Manslaughter 1st degree |
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Class B Felonies (continued) |
Assault 1st degree |
· Five years when committed with a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument · 10 years if victim is under age 10 or a witness |
Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, or pregnant person or person with intellectual disabilities 1st degree |
Five years |
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Assault of Department of Correction employee 1st degree |
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Sexual assault 1st degree (also an A felony under certain circumstances, see above)
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· Two years · 10 years if victim under age 10 · In all cases, 10-year mandatory minimum period of combined imprisonment and special parole |
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Aggravated sexual assault 1st degree (victim over age 16) |
· Five years · Five years of special parole |
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Sexual assault in spousal or cohabitation relationship |
Two years
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Sexual assault 2nd degree (victim under 16) |
Nine months |
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Sexual assault 3rd degree with a firearm (victim under 16) |
· Two years · Combined prison and special parole term of 10 years |
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Promoting prostitution 1st degree |
Nine months if the prostitute is under age 18
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Enticing a minor (victim under age 13 or 3rd or subsequent offense with victim 13 or older) |
When minor under age 13: · 1st offense: five years · Subsequent offense: 10 years |
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Kidnapping 2nd degree |
Three years
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Kidnapping 2nd degree with a firearm |
Three years
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Burglary 1st degree |
Five years when committed with explosive, deadly weapon, or dangerous instrument |
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Arson 2nd degree |
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Larceny 1st degree |
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Identity theft 1st degree |
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Robbery 1st degree |
Five years when committed with a deadly weapon |
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Possession of a weapon or dangerous instrument in a correctional institution |
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Rioting at correctional institution |
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Trafficking in persons |
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Promoting a minor in an obscene performance |
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Importing child pornography |
Five years
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Class B Felonies (continued)
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Possessing child pornography 1st degree |
Five years
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Computer crime 1st degree |
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Money laundering 1st degree |
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Vendor fraud 1st degree |
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Computer crime in furtherance of terrorism |
When directed toward public safety agency: Five years |
Class C Felonies (one to 10 years) |
Manslaughter 2nd degree |
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Manslaughter 2nd degree with a firearm |
One year
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Manslaughter 2nd degree with a motor vehicle while intoxicated |
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Strangulation 1st degree |
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Sexual assault 2nd degree (victim 16 or older) |
Nine months
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Sexual assault 3rd degree (victim under 16) |
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Sexual assault 3rd degree with a firearm (victim 16 or older) |
· Two years · Combined prison and special parole term of 10 years |
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Patronizing a prostitute (when the perpetrator knows or should know the prostitute is under age 18 or a trafficking victim) (53a-83) |
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Promoting prostitution 2nd degree |
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Enticing a minor (2nd offense, victim 13 or older) |
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Misrepresentation of age to entice a minor |
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Burglary 2nd degree |
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Burglary 2nd degree with a firearm |
One year
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Arson 3rd degree |
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Larceny 2nd degree |
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Criminal trover 1st degree (second and subsequent offenses) |
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Identity theft 2nd degree |
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Robbery 2nd degree |
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Forgery 1st degree |
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Class C Felonies (continued) |
Bribery |
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Bribe receiving |
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Bribery of a witness |
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Bribe receiving by a witness |
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Tampering with a witness |
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Intimidating a witness |
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Bribery of a juror |
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Bribe receiving by a juror |
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Hindering prosecution 1st degree |
Five years
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Hindering prosecution 2nd degree |
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Assault of public safety, emergency medical, public transit, or health care personnel |
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Assault on a prosecutor |
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Escape 1st degree |
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Escape from custody (by person arrested for, charged with, or convicted of a felony) |
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Inciting injury to persons or property |
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Inciting to riot at correctional institution |
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Falsely reporting an incident resulting in serious physical injury or death |
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Intimidation based on bigotry or bias 1st degree |
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Possessing child pornography 2nd degree |
Two years
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Commercial sexual exploitation of a minor (53a-196i) |
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Stealing a firearm |
Two years
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Criminal possession of firearm, ammunition, or electronic defense weapon |
Two years
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Criminal possession of a pistol or revolver |
Two years |
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Interference with a cemetery or burial ground |
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Class C Felonies (continued)
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Criminal violation of a protective order (when (1) restrain person protected by the order or his or her liberty or (2) threaten, harass, assault, or sexually assault the person) |
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Criminal violation of standing criminal protective order (when (1) restrain person protected by the order or his or her liberty or (2) threaten, harass, assault, or sexually assault the person) |
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Criminal violation of restraining order (when (1) restrain person protected by the order or his or her liberty or (2) threaten, harass, assault, or sexually assault the person) |
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Computer crime 2nd degree |
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Money laundering 2nd degree |
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Vendor fraud 2nd degree |
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Criminal misrepresentation |
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Contamination of public water or food for terrorism |
Five years
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Damage to public transportation for terrorism |
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Abuse 1st degree |
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Class D Felonies (up to 5 years) |
Misconduct with a motor vehicle |
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Assault 2nd degree |
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Assault 2nd degree with a firearm |
One year
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Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, or pregnant person or person with intellectual disabilities 2nd degree |
Two years
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Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, or pregnant person or person with intellectual disabilities 2nd degree with a firearm |
Three years
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Assault 2nd degree with a motor vehicle while intoxicated |
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Threatening 1st degree |
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Strangulation 2nd degree |
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Sexual assault 3rd degree (victim 16 or older) |
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Sexual assault 4th degree (victim under 16) |
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Class D Felonies (continued)
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Promoting prostitution 3rd degree |
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Enticing a minor (1st offense, victim 13 or older) |
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Unlawful restraint 1st degree |
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Custodial interference 1st degree |
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Substitution of children |
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Burglary 3rd degree |
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Burglary 3rd degree with a firearm |
One year
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Reckless burning |
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Criminal mischief 1st degree |
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Criminal damage to landlord’s property 1st degree |
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Damage to railroad property 1st degree |
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Using a motor vehicle or vessel without the owner's permission or interfering or tampering with a motor vehicle (2nd and subsequent offenses) |
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Larceny 3rd degree |
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Criminal trover 1st degree (1st offense) |
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Theft of utility or cable TV service for profit or gain |
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Cheating while gambling (except for changing wager after time allowed expires) |
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Possession of cheating device |
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Issuing a bad check (over $2,000) |
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Certain credit card crimes |
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Identity theft 3rd degree |
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Trafficking in personal identifying information |
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Impersonation of a police officer |
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Robbery 3rd degree |
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Forgery 2nd degree |
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Criminal simulation |
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Class D Felonies (continued)
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Tampering with a juror |
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Tampering with or fabricating physical evidence |
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Perjury |
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False statement on a certified payroll |
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Bribery of a labor official |
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Bribe receiving by a labor official |
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Commercial bribery |
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Receiving a commercial bribe |
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Bid rigging |
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Receiving kickbacks |
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Paying a kickback |
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Rigging |
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Hindering prosecution 3rd degree |
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Escape 2nd degree |
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Failure to appear 1st degree |
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Conveying unauthorized items into correctional institution |
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Criminal advocacy |
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Falsely reporting an incident 1st degree |
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Falsely reporting an incident concerning serious physical injury or death |
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Breach of peace 1st degree |
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Stalking 1st degree |
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Intimidation based on bigotry or bias 2nd degree |
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Harassment 1st degree |
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Eavesdropping |
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Voyeurism |
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Disseminating voyeuristic material |
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Class D Felonies (continued)
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Bigamy |
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Incest |
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Coercion (when the threat is to commit a felony) |
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Obscenity as to minors |
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Possessing child pornography 3rd degree |
One year
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Possession of sawed-off shotgun or silencer |
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Insurance fraud |
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Criminal use of firearm or electronic defense weapon |
Five years
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Criminally negligent storage of a firearm |
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Possession of weapon on school property |
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Negligent hunting 1st degree |
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Unlawful possession or sale of gravestones |
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Interference with a war or veterans’ memorial or monument (53a-221a) |
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Unlawful possession, purchase, or sale of a war or veterans’ memorial or monument (53a-221b) |
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Violate conditions of release 1st degree |
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Criminal violation of a protective order |
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Criminal violation of standing criminal protective order |
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Criminal violation of restraining order |
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Criminal violation of civil protection order (53a-223c) |
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Computer crime 3rd degree |
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Money laundering 3rd degree |
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Vendor fraud 3rd degree |
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Abuse 2nd degree |
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Class A Misdemeanors (up to one year) |
Criminally negligent homicide |
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Assault 3rd degree |
One year when, with criminal negligence, cause physical injury with deadly weapon, dangerous instrument, or electronic defense weapon |
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Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, or pregnant person or person with intellectual disabilities 3rd degree |
One year
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Threatening 2nd degree |
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Reckless endangerment 1st degree |
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Strangulation 3rd degree |
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Sexual assault 4th degree (victim 16 or older) |
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Prostitution |
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Patronizing a prostitute (except when perpetrator knows or should know the prostitute is under age 18 or a trafficking victim) |
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Patronizing a prostitute from a motor vehicle |
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Permitting prostitution |
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Unlawful restraint 2nd degree |
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Custodial interference 2nd degree |
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Manufacturing or possession of burglar's tools |
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Criminal trespass 1st degree |
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Criminal mischief 2nd degree |
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Criminal damage to landlord’s property 2nd degree |
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Damage to railroad property 2nd degree |
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Using a motor vehicle or vessel without the owner’s permission or interfering or tampering with a motor vehicle (1st offense) |
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Larceny 4th degree |
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Criminal trover 2nd degree |
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Diversion from state of benefit of employees’ labor |
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Class A Misdemeanors (continued)
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Unlawful entry into coin machine or possession of key to enter |
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Fraudulent use of automatic teller machine |
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Unlawful possession of a shoplifting device |
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Unlawful possession of a personal identifying information access device |
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Issuing a bad check (between $1,000 and $2,000) |
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Certain credit card crimes |
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Misapplication of property |
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Criminal impersonation |
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Unlawfully concealing a will |
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False entry by officer or agent of public community |
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Forgery of symbols of value |
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Failure to report bribery |
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False statement |
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Disclosure of bid or proposal |
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Soliciting or accepting benefit for rigging |
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Participating in a rigged contest |
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Interfering with an officer |
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Failure to assist a peace officer, special policeman, firefighter, or motor vehicle inspector |
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Escape from custody (by person arrested for, charged with, or convicted of an offense that is not a felony) |
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Aiding escape from hospital or sanitarium |
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Failure to appear 2nd degree |
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Conveying unauthorized letters into correctional or humane institution or to inmate outside institution or using false name to enter institution |
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Conveying or using electronic wireless communication device in prison |
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Class A Misdemeanors (continued)
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Riot 1st degree |
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Inciting to riot |
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Falsely reporting an incident 2nd degree |
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Stalking 2nd degree |
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Intimidation based on bigotry or bias 3rd degree |
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Interfering with an emergency call |
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Disrupting a funeral |
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Tampering with private communications |
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Coercion (when the threat is to commit other than a felony) |
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Possessing or transmitting child pornography by minor (sexting) |
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Criminal possession of body armor |
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Negligent hunting 2nd degree |
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Interference with a memorial plaque |
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Unlawful purchase, possession, or sale of a memorial plaque |
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Violation of conditions of release 2nd degree |
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Recruiting a gang member (53a-224) |
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Computer crime 4th degree |
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Money laundering 4th degree |
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Vendor fraud 4th degree |
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Abuse 3rd degree |
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Class B Misdemeanors (up to six months) |
Reckless endangerment 2nd degree |
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Criminal trespass 2nd degree |
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Criminal trespass 3rd degree (poaching) (53a-109) |
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Criminal mischief 3rd degree |
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Criminal damage to landlord's property 3rd degree |
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Damage to railroad property 3rd degree |
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Class B Misdemeanors (continued)
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Larceny 5th degree |
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Cheating while gambling (changing wager after time allowed expires) |
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Issuing a bad check (between $500 and $1,000) |
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Forgery 3rd degree |
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Unlawfully using slugs 1st degree |
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Riot 2nd degree |
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Unlawful assembly |
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Misuse of 9-1-1 system |
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Breach of peace 2nd degree |
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Stalking 3rd degree |
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Public indecency |
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Obscenity |
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Negligent hunting 3rd degree |
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Computer crime 5th degree |
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Vendor fraud 5th degree |
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Class C Misdemeanors (up to 3 months) |
Criminal trespass 3rd degree (except for poaching) |
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Criminal mischief 4th degree |
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Larceny 6th degree |
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Issuing a bad check ($500 or less) |
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Unlawfully using slugs 2nd degree |
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Disorderly conduct |
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Obstructing free passage |
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Harassment 2nd degree |
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Obstructing the lawful taking of wildlife |
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Loitering in or about school grounds |
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Drinking while operating a motor vehicle |
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Class C Misdemeanors (continued) |
Criminal lockout |
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Negligent hunting 4th degree |
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Vendor fraud 6th degree |
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Unclassified (life imprisonment, statutorily defined as 60 years) |
Arson murder |
Can be suspended (State v. Dupree, 196 Conn. 655 (1985))
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Unclassified (up to two years) |
Violating injunction against material or performance that is obscene or obscene as to minors |
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*CGS §§ 53a-28 and 53a-29 prohibit suspension or reduction of any sentence for a class A felony, meaning that the 10-year minimum sentence for a class A felony becomes a mandatory minimum, unless the statute specifies otherwise. In cases noted above, the Connecticut Supreme Court has ruled that where a more serious crime carries a lesser penalty, this penalty must prevail and be applied to the less serious crime.
persistent offenders, acts of terrorism, and Other enhanced sentences
A number of statutes authorize enhanced penalties for offenders who commit crimes contained in the Penal Code depending on their criminal record or the circumstances of the crime (such as using a weapon). Table 2 displays these provisions, including two provisions from outside the Penal Code because they enhance penalties for crimes contained in the Penal Code.
Table 2: Statutes That Enhance Penalties for Penal Code Offenses and Offenders
Offense (CGS §) |
Authorized Penalty |
Probation for certain sex offenses |
10 to 35 years probation |
Persistent dangerous felony offenders |
· For those with one of the required prior convictions, a range between twice the minimum penalty for the crime the person stands convicted of, including twice any mandatory minimum sentence that applies, to a maximum of 40 years or twice the maximum penalty for the crime the person stands convicted of, whichever is longer · For those with two of the required prior convictions, a range between three times the minimum penalty for the crime the person stands convicted of, including three times any mandatory minimum sentence that applies, and life in prison (60 years) |
Persistent dangerous sexual offenders |
A combined term of prison and special parole that constitutes a life sentence (statutorily defined as 60 years) |
Persistent serious felony offenders |
Sentence of imprisonment for the next more serious degree of felony instead of the statutory sentence for the underlying crime* |
Persistent serious sexual offenders |
Sentence of imprisonment and a period of special parole which together constitute the maximum sentence for the next more serious degree of felony* |
Persistent larceny offenders |
Sentence for a class D felony (the underlying larceny offenses are all misdemeanors) |
Persistent felony offenders |
Sentence of imprisonment for the next more serious degree of felony with a 3-year mandatory minimum sentence* |
Persistent bigotry or bias offenders (53a-40a) |
Sentence for the next most serious felony or misdemeanor or, if the crime for which the sentence is to be imposed is a class A misdemeanor, the sentence for a class D felony |
Offense committed while on release (53a-40b) |
In addition to the sentence for the offense: · up to 10 years for a felony · up to one year for a misdemeanor |
Persistent assault; trespass; stalking; threatening; criminal violation of protective, standing criminal protective, or restraining order; and harassment offenders (53a-40d) |
Sentence for the next most serious felony or misdemeanor or, if the crime for which the sentence is to be imposed is a class A misdemeanor, the sentence for a class D felony |
Persistent operating under the influence offender (53a-40f) |
Sentence for the next more serious degree of felony |
Carjacking—robbery involving an occupied motor vehicle (53a-136a) |
Three year mandatory minimum, in addition and consecutive to any imprisonment for the robbery |
Persistent negligent hunters |
Sentence for the next most serious degree of negligent hunting or hunting under the influence |
Act of terrorism (53a-300) |
Sentence for the next most serious degree of felony*
|
Commit class A, B, or C felony with assault rifle (53-202j) |
Eight year mandatory minimum, in addition and consecutive to any imprisonment for the felony |
Commit class A, B, or C felony with firearm (53-202k) |
Five year mandatory minimum, in addition and consecutive to any imprisonment for the felony |
*If the penalty for a class A felony is imposed under one of these provisions, a 10-year mandatory minimum sentence would apply.
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