CHAPTER 446k
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

      Sec. 22a-426. (Formerly Sec. 25-54e). Standards of water quality. (a) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to establish standards of water quality applicable to the various waters of the state or portions thereof. Such standards shall be consistent with the federal Water Pollution Control Act and shall be for the purpose of qualifying the state and its municipalities for available federal grants and for the purpose of providing clear and objective public policy statements of a general program to improve the water resources of the state; provided no standard of water quality adopted shall plan for, encourage or permit any wastes to be discharged into any of the waters of the state without having first received the treatment available and necessary for the elimination of pollution. Such standards of quality shall: (1) Apply to interstate waters or portions thereof within the state; (2) apply to such other waters within the state as the commissioner may determine is necessary; (3) protect the public health and welfare and promote the economic development of the state; (4) preserve and enhance the quality of state waters for present and prospective future use for public water supplies, propagation of fish and aquatic life and wildlife, recreational purposes and agricultural, industrial and other legitimate uses; (5) be consistent with health standards as established by the Department of Public Health. Notwithstanding the thirty-day-notice requirement prescribed by subsection (a) of section 4-168, the department shall provide a notice not later than ninety days prior to proposing any regulation in accordance with this section, including, but not limited to, notice of the availability of the underlying documentation that forms the basis for the standards sought to be adopted, amended or repealed by such proposed regulation.

      (b) The commissioner shall establish the effective date of the adoption, amendment or repeal of standards of water quality, subject to the provisions of subdivision (1) of section 22a-6. Notice of such adoption, amendment or repeal shall be published in the Connecticut Law Journal upon acceptance thereof by the federal government.

      (c) The commissioner shall monitor the quality of the subject waters to demonstrate the results of his program to abate pollution.

      (d) The state's water quality standards, including the surface and ground water classifications, in effect on February 28, 2011, shall remain in full force and effect, unless modified in accordance with subsections (a), (e), (f) and (g) of this section. On or after March 1, 2011, the commissioner may reclassify surface or ground waters within the state in accordance with the procedures specified in subsections (e), (f) and (g) of this section.

      (e) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section and chapter 54, the following procedures shall apply to any surface or ground water reclassification initiated by the commissioner: (1) The commissioner shall hold a public hearing in accordance with subdivision (3) of subsection (f) of this section. Such public hearing shall not be considered a contested case pursuant to chapter 54; (2) notice of such hearing specifying the surface or ground waters for which reclassification is proposed and the time, date and place of such hearing and how members of the public may obtain additional information regarding such reclassification shall be published once in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in the affected area at least thirty days before such hearing; and (3) such notice shall also be given by certified mail to the chief executive officer of each municipality in which the water affected by such reclassification is located with a copy to the director of health of each municipality, at least thirty days prior to the hearing. Following the public hearing, the commissioner shall provide notice of the reclassification decision in the Connecticut Law Journal and to the chief elected official and the director of health of each municipality in which the water affected by such reclassification is located.

      (f) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section and chapter 54, the following procedures shall apply to any surface or groundwater reclassification requested by a person other than the commissioner: (1) Any person seeking a reclassification shall apply to the commissioner on forms prescribed by the commissioner and shall provide the information required by such forms; (2) at least thirty days before the hearing specified in subdivision (3) of this subsection, the commissioner shall publish or cause to be published, at the expense of the person seeking a reclassification, once in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in the affected area (A) the name of the person seeking a reclassification, (B) an identification of the surface or ground waters affected by such reclassification, (C) notice of the commissioner's tentative determination regarding such reclassification, (D) how members of the public may obtain additional information regarding such reclassification, and (E) the time, date and place of a public hearing regarding such reclassification. Any such notice shall also be given by certified mail to the chief executive officer of each municipality in which the water affected by such reclassification is located, with a copy to the director of health of each municipality, at least thirty days before the hearing; (3) the commissioner shall conduct a public hearing regarding any tentative determination to reclassify surface or ground waters. Such public hearing shall not be considered a contested case pursuant to chapter 54, but shall be conducted in a manner which affords all interested persons reasonable opportunity to provide oral or written comments. The commissioner shall maintain a recording of the hearing; and (4) following the public hearing, the commissioner shall provide notice of the reclassification decision in the Connecticut Law Journal and to the chief elected official and the director of health of each municipality in which the water affected by such reclassification is located.

      (g) Any decision by the commissioner to reclassify surface or ground water shall be consistent with the state's water quality standards and the commissioner shall comply with all applicable federal requirements regarding reclassification of surface water.

      (1967, P.A. 57, S. 5; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 82; P.A. 77-614, S. 323, 610; P.A. 83-587, S. 47, 96; P.A. 90-222, S. 5; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; P.A. 10-158, S. 9; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; 11-141, S. 5.)

      History: 1971 act replaced references to water resources commission with references to environmental protection commissioner and department and added references to Sec. 22a-6(a); P.A. 77-614 replaced department of health with department of health services, effective January 1, 1979; Sec. 25-54e transferred to Sec. 22a-426 in 1983; P.A. 83-587 made a technical amendment; P.A. 90-222 amended Subsec. (a) to require the standards to be adopted in accordance with this section instead of Sec. 22a-6(1); P.A. 93-381 replaced department of health services with department of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 10-158 amended Subsec. (a) to make technical changes and add 90-day notice requirement re proposed regulation, deleted former Subsec. (b) re public hearing and redesignated existing Subsecs. (c) and (d) as Subsecs. (b) and (c), effective March 1, 2011; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, "Commissioner of Environmental Protection" was changed editorially by the Revisors to "Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection" in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-141 added Subsecs. (d) to (g) re surface or ground water reclassification, effective July 8, 2011.

      Sec. 22a-449d. Underground Storage Tank Petroleum Clean-Up Review Board. (a) There is established an Underground Storage Tank Petroleum Clean-Up Review Board. Upon application for reimbursement or payment pursuant to section 22a-449f, the board shall determine, based on the provisions of sections 22a-449a to 22a-449i, inclusive, and all regulations adopted pursuant to said sections 22a-449a to 22a-449i, inclusive, whether or not to order payment or reimbursement from the program. The board shall have the authority to order payment within available resources to registered contractors pursuant to section 22a-449l, or to owners pursuant to section 22a-449n, for reasonable costs associated with the remediation of a residential underground heating oil storage tank system based on the guidelines established pursuant to subsection (c) of this section; hold hearings, administer oaths, subpoena witnesses and documents through its chairperson when authorized by the board; designate an agent to perform such duties of the board as it deems necessary except the duty to render a final decision to order reimbursement or payment from the account; and provide by notice, printed on any form, that any false statement made thereof or pursuant thereto is punishable pursuant to section 53a-157b.

      (b) The board shall consist of the Commissioners of Energy and Environmental Protection and Revenue Services, the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and the State Fire Marshal, or their designees; one member representing the Connecticut Petroleum Council, appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives; one member representing the Service Station Dealers Association, appointed by the majority leader of the Senate; one member of the public, appointed by the majority leader of the House of Representatives; one member representing the Independent Connecticut Petroleum Association, appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate; one member representing the Gasoline and Automotive Service Dealers of America, Inc., appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; one member representing a municipality with a population greater than one hundred thousand, appointed by the Governor; one member representing a municipality with a population of less than one hundred thousand, appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; one member representing a small manufacturing company which employs fewer than seventy-five persons, appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives; one member experienced in the delivery, installation, and removal of residential underground petroleum storage tanks and remediation of contamination from such tanks, appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate; and one member who is an environmental professional licensed under section 22a-133v and is experienced in investigating and remediating contamination attributable to underground petroleum storage tanks, appointed by the Governor. The board shall annually elect one of its members to serve as chairperson.

      (c) Not later than July 1, 2000, the board shall establish guidelines for determining what costs are reasonable for payment under sections 22a-449l and 22a-449n and shall establish requirements for financial assurance, training and performance standards for registered contractors, as defined in said sections 22a-449l and 22a-449n. The board shall make payment pursuant to section 22a-449n to the owner at a rate not to exceed one hundred fifty-seven dollars per ton of contaminated soil removed which shall be considered as full payment for all eligible costs for remediation. For any claim filed pursuant to section 22a-449n where no contaminated soil is removed the board shall reimburse eligible costs in accordance with the guidelines pursuant to this section.

      (d) To the extent that funds are available, the board may order payment to registered contractors for reimbursement of eligible costs for services associated with the remediation of a residential underground heating oil storage tank system prior to July 1, 2001, to owners of such systems for payment for eligible costs incurred after July 1, 2001. No such payment shall be authorized unless the board deems the costs reasonable based on the guidelines established pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, if the board determines that the owner may not receive reimbursement payment from the contractor, the board may, if reimbursement has not been sent to the contractor, directly reimburse the owner of such system for eligible costs incurred by the owner and paid to the registered contractor for services associated with a remediation of a system prior to July 1, 2001.

      (P.A. 89-373, S. 5, 10; P.A. 90-181, S. 4; P.A. 91-254, S. 2, 7; P.A. 99-269, S. 4, 6; P.A. 00-201, S. 3, 8; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 38, 131; P.A. 04-172, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 92; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 424; P.A. 11-80, S. 66.)

      History: P.A. 90-181 amended Subsec. (a) to include applications for payment and amended Subsec. (b) to add to the membership of the board one person representing the service station dealers association and one person representing the public; P.A. 91-254 added language in Subsec. (a) re powers of board to hold hearings, administer oaths, etc., to designate an agent to act for it and to give notice re punishment for false statement and amended Subsec. (b) to add member representing small manufacturing company and to authorize election of chairman; (Revisor's note: In 1995 the word "fund" was replaced editorially by the Revisors with "account" in review board name to conform with Secs. 22a-449b and 22a-449c, as amended by P.A. 94-130 and in 1997 a reference in Subsec. (b) to "Commissioners of the Department of Environmental Protection and Revenue Services" was replaced editorially by the Revisors with "Commissioners of Environmental Protection and Revenue Services" for consistency with customary statutory usage); P.A. 99-269 amended Subsec. (b) to add to the board a member with experience with residential underground petroleum storage tanks, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-201 amended Subsec. (a) by authorizing board to order payments from residential underground heating oil storage tank system clean-up subaccount, amended Subsec. (b) by adding licensed environmental professional appointed by the Governor as a board member and added Subsec. (c) requiring board to establish guidelines and requirements, effective June 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 amended Subsec. (a) to add references to Secs. 22a-449l and 22a-449n and to replace reference to Sec. 22a-449d(c) with reference to Subsec. (c) of section, amended Subsec. (c) by adding provisions re payment pursuant to Sec. 22a-449n and reimbursement in accordance with guidelines and added Subsec. (d) re payment from subaccount to registered contractors and owners for eligible costs deemed reasonable, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 04-172 amended Subsec. (d) to add provision re direct reimbursement of owner, effective June 1, 2004; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 amended Subsec. (a) to delete language re review of applications, to delete language re damage resulting from release, and to insert reference to Secs. 22a-449 to 22a-449i, inclusive, and all regulations adopted pursuant to said sections re whether to order payment or reimbursement, and amended Subsec. (b) to replace "Connecticut Gasoline Retailers Association" with "Gasoline and Automotive Service Dealers of America, Inc.", effective June 30, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 replaced Underground Storage Tank Petroleum Clean-Up Account Review Board with Underground Storage Tank Petroleum Clean-Up Review Board and made conforming changes, amended Subsec. (a) to delete reference to residential underground heating oil storage tank system clean-up subaccount and specify that board has authority to order payment within available resources, and amended Subsec. (d) to delete references to residential underground heating oil storage tank system clean-up subaccount; P.A. 11-80 amended Subsec. (b) by changing "Commissioner of Environmental Protection" to "Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection", effective July 1, 2011.

      Sec. 22a-483. Bond issue for Clean Water Fund projects. General obligation bonds. Revenue bonds. (a) For the purposes of sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, the State Bond Commission shall have the power, from time to time to authorize the issuance of bonds of the state in one or more series and in principal amounts, not exceeding in the aggregate one billion two hundred twenty-seven million six hundred twenty-five thousand nine hundred seventy-six dollars, provided ninety-four million dollars of said authorization shall be effective July 1, 2012.

      (b) The proceeds of the sale of any bonds, state bond anticipation notes or state grant anticipation notes issued pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, shall be deposited in the Clean Water Fund and not less than fifty million dollars of such proceeds shall be deposited in the Long Island Sound clean-up account of said fund.

      (c) All provisions of section 3-20, or the exercise of any right or power granted thereby which are not inconsistent with the provisions of sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, are hereby adopted and shall apply to all bonds authorized by the State Bond Commission pursuant to said sections, and temporary notes in anticipation of the money to be derived from the sale of any such bonds so authorized may be issued in accordance with said section 3-20 and from time to time renewed. None of said bonds shall be authorized except upon a finding by the State Bond Commission that there has been filed with it a request for such authorization, which is signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and states such terms and conditions as said commission, in its discretion, may require. Said bonds issued pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, may be general obligations of the state and in such case the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal of and interest on said bonds as the same become due, and accordingly and as part of the contract of the state with the holders of said bonds, appropriation of all amounts necessary for punctual payment of such principal and interest is hereby made, and the Treasurer shall pay such principal and interest as the same become due. Such general obligation bonds shall mature at such time or times not exceeding twenty years from their respective dates as may be provided in or pursuant to the resolution or resolutions of the State Bond Commission authorizing such general obligation bonds. The state, acting by and through the State Bond Commission, is hereby authorized to issue from time to time general obligation bonds in such sums as is appropriate and necessary to meet the state's matching requirement for eligibility pursuant to the federal Water Quality Act of 1987 or the federal Safe Drinking Water Act or other similar federal act, provided such sums shall not exceed the aggregate principal amounts of bonds authorized pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. Whenever such bonds are so authorized, the state's obligations shall be issued on such terms and conditions as shall be determined and established by the Treasurer. Such bonds shall bear such rate of interest as the treasurer shall determine, by reference to such open market indices for obligations having similar terms and characteristics as the Treasurer shall determine relevant, in order to arrive at a taxable rate of interest on the obligations of the state issued and sold to the Clean Water Fund. The Treasurer shall deliver such bonds to the Clean Water Fund upon the receipt of evidence from the Environmental Protection Agency evidencing satisfaction by the state of its federal matching requirement pursuant to the federal Water Quality Act of 1987 or the federal Safe Drinking Water Act or other similar federal act.

      (d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall preclude the State Bond Commission from authorizing the issuance of revenue bonds, in principal amounts not exceeding in the aggregate two billion four hundred twenty-five million one hundred eighty thousand dollars, provided two hundred thirty-eight million three hundred sixty thousand dollars of said authorization shall be effective July 1, 2012, that are not general obligations of the state of Connecticut to which the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal and interest. Such revenue bonds shall mature at such time or times not exceeding thirty years from their respective dates as may be provided in or pursuant to the resolution or resolutions of the State Bond Commission authorizing such revenue bonds. The revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes authorized to be issued under sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, shall be special obligations of the state and shall not be payable from nor charged upon any funds other than the revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor as provided in said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, including the repayment of municipal loan obligations; nor shall the state or any political subdivision thereof be subject to any liability thereon except to the extent of such pledged revenues or the receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor as provided in said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. The issuance of revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes under the provisions of said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, shall not directly or indirectly or contingently obligate the state or any political subdivision thereof to levy or to pledge any form of taxation whatever therefor or to make any appropriation for their payment. The revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes shall not constitute a charge, lien or encumbrance, legal or equitable, upon any property of the state or of any political subdivision thereof, except the property mortgaged or otherwise encumbered under the provisions and for the purposes of said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. The substance of such limitation shall be plainly stated on the face of each revenue bond, revenue state bond anticipation note and revenue state grant anticipation note issued pursuant to said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, shall not be subject to any statutory limitation on the indebtedness of the state and such revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes, when issued, shall not be included in computing the aggregate indebtedness of the state in respect to and to the extent of any such limitation. As part of the contract of the state with the owners of such revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes, all amounts necessary for the punctual payment of the debt service requirements with respect to such revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes shall be deemed appropriated, but only from the sources pledged pursuant to said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. The proceeds of such revenue bonds or notes may be deposited in the Clean Water Fund for use in accordance with the permitted uses of such fund. Any expense incurred in connection with the carrying out of the provisions of this section, including the costs of issuance of revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes may be paid from the accrued interest and premiums or from any other proceeds of the sale of such revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes or revenue state grant anticipation notes and in the same manner as other obligations of the state. All provisions of subsections (g), (k), (l), (s) and (u) of section 3-20 or the exercise of any right or power granted thereby which are not inconsistent with the provisions of said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, are hereby adopted and shall apply to all revenue bonds, state revenue bond anticipation notes and state revenue grant anticipation notes authorized by the State Bond Commission pursuant to said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. For the purposes of subsection (o) of section 3-20, "bond act" shall be construed to include said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive.

      (e) Any pledge made by the state pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, is a statutory pledge and shall be valid and binding from the time when the pledge is made, and any revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys so pledged and thereafter received by the state shall be subject immediately to the lien of such pledge without any physical delivery thereof or further act. The lien of any such pledge shall be valid and binding as against all parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against the state, irrespective of whether such parties have notice thereof. Neither the resolution nor any other instrument by which a pledge is created need be recorded. Any pledge made by the state pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, to secure revenue bonds issued to finance eligible water quality projects shall secure only revenue bonds issued for such purpose and any such pledge made by the state to secure revenue bonds issued to finance eligible drinking water projects shall secure only revenue bonds issued for such purpose.

      (f) Whenever the General Assembly has authorized the State Bond Commission to authorize bonds of the state for clean water projects and uses and has found that such projects and uses are for any of the purposes set forth in sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, and whenever the State Bond Commission finds that the authorization of such bonds will be in the best interests of the state, the State Bond Commission shall authorize the issuance of such bonds from time to time in one or more series and in principal amounts not exceeding the aggregate amount authorized by the General Assembly.

      (g) Whenever the state has a written commitment to receive a grant-in-aid or similar form of assistance with respect to a project or program for which the issuance of bonds has been authorized pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, the Treasurer may issue state grant anticipation notes in anticipation of the issuance of such a grant-in-aid or other assistance provided (1) the total amount of such notes shall not exceed the amount of the grant commitment which has not been paid to the state and (2) all grant payments with respect to such project or program received by the state, to the extent required, shall be applied promptly toward repayment of such temporary notes as the same shall become due and payable, or shall be deposited in trust for such purpose. Notes evidencing such borrowings shall be signed by the manual or facsimile signature of the Treasurer or his deputy. The principal of and interest on any state grant anticipation notes issued pursuant to this subsection may be repaid from the proceeds of renewals thereof, from grants-in-aid or other assistance pledged for the payment thereof, or from the proceeds of a credit facility including, but not limited to, a letter of credit or policy of bond insurance.

      (h) Bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes issued pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, are hereby made securities in which public officers and public bodies of the state and its political subdivisions, all insurance companies, credit unions, building and loan associations, investment companies, banking associations, trust companies, executors, administrators, trustees and other fiduciaries and pension, profit-sharing and retirement funds may properly and legally invest funds, including capital in their control or belonging to them. Such bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes are hereby made securities which may properly and legally be deposited with and received by any state or municipal officer or any agency or political subdivision of the state for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds, state bond anticipation notes, state grant anticipation notes or other obligations of the state is now or may hereafter be authorized by law.

      (i) The proceedings under which bonds are authorized to be issued may, subject to the provisions of the general statutes, contain any or all of the following: (1) Provisions respecting custody of the proceeds from the sale of the bonds and any bond anticipation notes, including any requirements that such proceeds be held separate from or not be commingled with other funds of the state; (2) provisions for the investment and reinvestment of bond proceeds utilized to pay project costs and for the disposition of any excess bond proceeds or investment earnings thereon; (3) provisions for the execution of reimbursement agreements or similar agreements in connection with credit facilities, including, but not limited to, letters of credit or policies of bond insurance, remarketing agreements and agreements for the purpose of moderating interest rate fluctuations, and of such other agreements entered into pursuant to section 3-20a; (4) provisions for the collection, custody, investment, reinvestment and use of the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor as provided in sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive; (5) provisions regarding the establishment and maintenance of reserves, sinking funds and any other funds and accounts as shall be approved by the State Bond Commission in such amounts as may be established by the State Bond Commission, and the regulation and disposition thereof, or the establishment of a reserve fund of the state into which may be deposited any moneys appropriated and made available by the state for such fund, any proceeds of the sale of bonds or notes, to the extent provided in the resolution of the state authorizing the issuance thereof, and any other moneys which may be made available to the state for the purpose of such fund from any source whatever and, in lieu of the deposit of any such moneys, evidence by the state of the satisfaction of a federal matching requirement on the part of the state pursuant to the federal Water Quality Act of 1987 or the federal Safe Drinking Water Act or other related federal act, as applicable, including requirements that any such funds and accounts be held separate from or not be commingled with other funds of the state; (6) covenants for the establishment of pledged revenue coverage requirements for the bonds and state bond anticipation notes; (7) provisions for the issuance of additional bonds on a parity with bonds theretofore issued, including establishment of coverage requirements with respect thereto as herein provided; (8) provisions regarding the rights and remedies available in case of a default to bondowners, noteowners or any trustee under any contract, loan agreement, document, instrument or trust indenture, including the right to appoint a trustee to represent their interests upon occurrence of an event of default, as defined in said proceedings, provided that if any bonds or state bond anticipation notes shall be secured by a trust indenture, the respective owners of such bonds or notes shall have no authority except as set forth in such trust indenture to appoint a separate trustee to represent them; (9) provisions for the payment of rebate amounts; and (10) provisions or covenants of like or different character from the foregoing which are consistent with sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, and which the State Bond Commission determines in such proceedings are necessary, convenient or desirable in order to better secure the bonds or state bond anticipation notes, or will tend to make the bonds or state bond anticipation notes more marketable, and which are in the best interests of the state. Any provision which may be included in proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds hereunder may be included in an indenture of trust duly approved in accordance with sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, which secures the bonds and any notes issued in anticipation thereof, and in such case the provisions of such indenture shall be deemed to be a part of such proceedings as though they were expressly included therein.

      (j) Whether or not any bonds, state bond anticipation notes or state grant anticipation notes issued pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, are of such form and character as to be negotiable instruments under the terms of title 42a, such bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes are hereby made negotiable instruments within the meaning of and for all purposes of title 42a, subject only to the provisions of such bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes for registration.

      (k) The state covenants with the purchasers and all subsequent owners and transferees of bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes issued by the state pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, in consideration of the acceptance of and payment for the bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes, that such bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes shall be free at all times from taxes levied by any municipality or political subdivision or special district having taxing powers of the state and the principal and interest of any bonds, state bond anticipation notes and grant anticipation notes issued under the provisions of sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, their transfer and the income therefrom, including revenues derived from the sale thereof, shall at all times be free from taxation of every kind by the state of Connecticut or under its authority, except for estate or succession taxes. The Treasurer is authorized to include this covenant of the state in any agreement with the owner of any such bonds, state bond anticipation notes or state grant anticipation notes.

      (l) Pending the use and application of any bond proceeds, such proceeds may be invested by, or at the direction of the State Treasurer, in obligations listed in section 3-20 or in investment agreements rated within the top rating categories of any nationally recognized rating service or in investment agreements secured by obligations, of or guaranteed by, the United States or agencies or instrumentalities of the United States.

      (m) Any revenue bonds issued under the provisions of sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, and at any time outstanding may, at any time and from time to time, be refunded by the state by the issuance of its revenue refunding bonds in such amounts as the State Bond Commission may deem necessary, but not to exceed an amount sufficient to refund the principal of the revenue bonds to be so refunded, to pay any unpaid interest thereon and any premiums and commissions necessary to be paid in connection therewith and to pay costs and expenses which the Treasurer may deem necessary or advantageous in connection with the authorization, sale and issuance of refunding bonds. Any such refunding may be effected whether the revenue bonds to be refunded shall have matured or shall thereafter mature. All revenue refunding bonds issued hereunder shall be payable solely from the revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys out of which the revenue bonds to be refunded thereby are payable and shall be subject to and may be secured in accordance with the provisions of this section.

      (n) The Treasurer shall have power, out of any funds available therefor, to purchase revenue bonds, state revenue bond anticipation notes and state revenue grant anticipation notes of the state issued pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. The Treasurer may hold, pledge, cancel or resell such bonds or notes, subject to and in accordance with agreements with bondholders or noteholders, as applicable.

      (P.A. 86-420, S. 9, 12; P.A. 87-405, S. 22, 26; 87-571, S. 6, 7; P.A. 88-343, S. 14, 32; P.A. 89-331, S. 21, 30; 89-377, S. 6, 8; P.A. 90-297, S. 14, 24; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 90-1, S. 7, 10; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-4, S. 16, 17, 25; P.A. 92-113, S. 1, 2; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-7, S. 17, 18, 36; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 93-1, S. 12, 13, 36, 45; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2, S. 10, 11, 203; P.A. 95-272, S. 11, 12, 29; P.A. 96-181, S. 116-118, 121; June 5 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-1, S. 15, 16, 20; P.A. 98-124, S. 9, 12; 98-259, S. 11, 17; P.A. 99-241, S. 14, 15, 66; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-7, S. 6, 7, 28; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-5, S. 12; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-1, S. 8; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2, S. 58; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-5, S. 10, 11; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-7, S. 50, 51; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-2, S. 5, 6; P.A. 10-44, S. 25, 35; P.A. 11-57, S. 72, 73.)

      History: P.A. 87-405 increased the bond authorization from $40,000,000 to $80,000,000; P.A. 87-571 added Subsec. (d) regarding issuance of bonds that are not general obligations of the state; P.A. 88-343 increased the bond authorization to $120,000,000; P.A. 89-331 increased the bond authorization to $220,000,000 and provided that $25,000,000 of the proceeds be deposited in the Long Island Sound account; P.A. 89-377 would have changed aggregate total in Subsec. (a) from $120,000,000 to $145,000,000 but for precedence of P.A. 89-331, reiterated provision of P.A. 89-331 re addition of $25,000,000 to the Long Island Sound clean-up account, provided that the obligations may, rather than shall, be general obligations of the state and added Subdivs. (e) to (l), inclusive; P.A. 90-297 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the bond authorization from $220,000,000 to $345,000,000, amended Subsec. (b) to increase the minimum deposit in the clean water fund from $25,000,000 to $50,000,000, amended Subsec. (c) to require that requests for authorizations be signed by the secretary of the office of policy and management rather than by the commissioner of environmental protection and amended Subsec. (d) to limit revenue bonds to principal amounts not exceeding in the aggregate $100,000,000; June Sp. Sess. 90-1 amended Subsec. (c) to include provisions regarding the issuance of general obligation bonds to meet the matching requirements of federal law and to be delivered to the clean water fund, amended Subsec. (d) to clarify the status and method of issuance of revenue bonds, amended Subsec. (h) to remove credit unions, building and loan associations and investment companies from the list of possible investors, amended Subsec. (i)(3) to clarify the extent to which and manner in which reserve funds could be used, amended Subsec. (k) to reword the provisions concerning state tax exemption and added Subsec. (m), concerning revenue refunding bonds, and Subsec. (n), concerning repurchase of revenue obligations; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-4, in Subsec. (a), increased the bond authorization from $345,000,000 to $395,000,000 and in Subsec. (d), increased the bond authorization from $100,000,000 to $300,000,000; P.A. 92-113 amended Subsec. (c) to provide that the rate determined by the treasurer shall be a taxable, rather than tax-exempt, rate; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-7 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the bond authorization from $395,000,000 to $425,000,000 and amended Subsec. (d) to increase the bond authorization from $300,000,000 to $330,000,000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 93-1 amended Subsec. (a) to increase bond authorization to $558,870,000, provided $75,020,000 of said authorization shall be effective July 1, 1994, amended Subsec. (d) to increase bond authorization from $320,000,000 to $475,400,000, provided $51,600,000 of said authorization shall be effective July 1, 1994, and further amended Subsec. (c) to move provision re bond maturity and amended Subsec. (d) to provide that bonds shall mature not more than 30 years from their dates and that expenses of carrying out provisions may be paid from accrued interest and premiums or other sale proceeds, effective July 1, 1993; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2 in Subsec. (a) decreased bond authorization from $558,870,000 to $536,270,000 and in Subsec. (d) decreased bond authorization from $475,400,000 to $466,900,000, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-272 amended Subsec. (a) to increase authorization amount from $536,270,000 to $576,330,000, effective July 1, 1995, provided $23,580,000 shall be effective July 1, 1996, and amended Subsec. (d) to increase authorization amount from $466,900,000 to $633,300,000, effective July 1, 1995, provided $41,000,000 shall be effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-181 amended Subsec. (c) and (i) to add federal Safe Drinking Water Act or similar federal act, and amended Subsec. (e) to add provision re securing revenue bonds issued to finance eligible drinking water projects, effective July 1, 1996; June 5 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-1 amended Subsec. (a) to increase bond authorization from $576,330,000 to $635,330,000 provided $14,000,000 of that authorization is effective July 1, 1998, and amended Subsec. (d) to increase bond authorization from $633,300,000 to $867,900,000 provided $83,300,000 of that authorization is effective July 1, 1998, effective July 31, 1997; P.A. 98-124 amended Subsec. (i)(3) to add agreements entered into pursuant to Sec. 3-20a, effective May 27, 1998; P.A. 98-259 amended Subsec. (a) to decrease authorization from $635,330,000 to $621,330,000 and deleted proviso re use of $14,000,000, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-241 amended Subsec. (a) to increase authorization from $621,330,000 to $717,830,000, effective July 1, 1999, provided $53,100,000 is effective July 1, 2000 and amended Subsec. (d) to increase authorization from $867,900,000 to $999,400,000, effective July 1, 1999, provided $66,900,000 is effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-7 amended Subsec. (a) to increase authorization from $717,830,000 to $797,830,000 provided $40,000,000 is effective July 1, 2002, and amended Subsec. (d) to increase authorization from $999,400,000 to $1,238,400,000 provided $158,000,000 is effective July 1, 2002, effective July 1, 2001; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-5 amended Subsec. (a) to increase authorization from $797,830,000 to $801,030,000 and to provide that $60,000,000 of said authorization shall be effective July 1, 2003, effective July 1, 2002; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-1 amended Subsec. (a) to reduce aggregate authorization to $741,030,000 and deleted provision re funds authorized in 2003, effective July 1, 2004; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2 amended Subsec. (e) to provide that pledges made by the state under Secs. 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, are statutory and not subject to the Uniform Commercial Code, effective May 12, 2004, and applicable to any pledge, lien or security interest of this state or any political subdivision of this state, which was in existence on October 1, 2003, or created after October 1, 2003; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-5 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the aggregate authorization from $741,030,000 to $781,030,000, of which $20,000,000 is effective July 1, 2006, and amended Subsec. (d) to increase the aggregate authorization from $1,238,400,000 to $1,338,400,000, of which $100,000,000 is effective July 1, 2006, effective July 1, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-7 amended Subsec. (a) by increasing aggregate authorization from $781,030,000 to $961,030,000, of which $90,000,000 is effective July 1, 2008, and amended Subsec. (d) by increasing aggregate authorization from $1,338,400,000 to $1,753,400,000, of which $180,000,000 is effective July 1, 2008, effective November 2, 2007; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-2 amended Subsec. (a) by increasing aggregate authorization from $961,030,000 to $1,066,030,000, of which $40,000,000 is effective July 1, 2010, and amended Subsec. (d) by increasing aggregate authorization from $1,753,400,000 to $1,913,400,000, of which $80,000,000 is effective July 1, 2010, effective September 25, 2009; P.A. 10-44 amended Subsec. (a) by decreasing aggregate authorization from $1,066,030,000 to $1,041,025,976 and by deleting provision re authorization amount effective on July 1, 2010, and amended Subsec. (d) by increasing aggregate authorization from $1,913,400,000 to $1,953,400,000, of which $120,000,000 is effective July 1, 2010, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 11-57 amended Subsec. (a) to increase authorization from $1,041,025,976 to $1,227,625,976, of which $94,000,000 is effective July 1, 2012, and amended Subsec. (d) to increase authorization from $1,953,400,000 to $2,425,180,000, of which $238,360,000 is effective July 1, 2012, effective July 1, 2011.