CHAPTER 244b*
MOTOR VEHICLES IN LIVERY SERVICE

      Sec. 13b-101. (Formerly Sec. 16-324). Definition. The term "motor vehicle in livery service" includes every motor vehicle used by any person, association, limited liability company or corporation which represents itself to be in the business of transporting passengers for hire, except (1) any motor bus and any taxicab operated under a certificate of public convenience and necessity issued by the Department of Transportation, (2) any school bus, as defined in section 14-275, or student transportation vehicle, as defined in section 14-212, when used for the transportation of children under the age of twenty-one years, and (3) any school bus, as defined in section 14-275, when used for the transportation of passengers (A) by virtue of a contract with any public or private institution of higher education, (B) pursuant to a contract for service to a special event held at a location or facility which is not open for business on a daily basis throughout the year, not to exceed a period of ten days, or (C) pursuant to a contract with a municipality for which the carrier provides school transportation service.

      (1949 Rev., S. 5723; 1967, P.A. 192; P.A. 73-355, S. 1; P.A. 75-486, S. 1, 69; P.A. 77-614, S. 162, 610; P.A. 79-610, S. 21; P.A. 89-222, S. 1; P.A. 91-272, S. 4, 8; P.A. 95-79, S. 37, 189; P.A. 97-304, S. 14, 31; P.A. 03-115, S. 63.)

      History: 1967 act added "private elementary or secondary educational institution" and "transportation to synagogue" to exceptions; P.A. 73-355 added to exceptions those engaged exclusively in passenger transportation for hire under contract with a governmental entity; P.A. 75-486 substituted "public utilities control authority" for "commission", i.e. public utilities commission effective December 1, 1975; P.A. 77-614 replaced "public utilities control authority" with "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation", effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 79-610 substituted "department of transportation" for foregoing designation; in 1981 Sec. 16-324 transferred to Sec. 13b-101; P.A. 89-222 redefined "motor vehicle in livery service"; P.A. 91-272 added to exceptions any school bus or student transportation vehicle when used for the transportation of children under age twenty-one and deleted from exceptions any motor vehicle when used for transportation of school children by virtue of contract with municipality, municipal board or private educational institution or when used for transportation to and from religious services conducted by a church or synagogue; P.A. 95-79 redefined "motor vehicle in livery service" to include a motor vehicle used by a limited liability company, effective May 31, 1995; P.A. 97-304 redefined "motor vehicle in livery service" to delete prior exclusion of motor vehicles "engaged exclusively in transportation of passengers for hire by virtue of a contract with any federal, state or municipal agency" and to add Subdiv. (3) excluding school buses when used for specified purposes, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 03-115 made a technical change.

      Cited. 3 CA 240.

      Sec. 13b-102. (Formerly Sec. 16-325). Operation to be under jurisdiction of department. Rates and charges. Regulations. Exceptions. Registration of authorization for interstate operation. (a)(1) Each person, association, limited liability company or corporation owning or operating a motor vehicle in livery service shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Department of Transportation, and the department may prescribe adequate service and reasonable rates and charges and prescribe and establish such reasonable regulations with respect to fares, service, operation and equipment as it deems necessary for the convenience, protection, safety and best interests of passengers and the public. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection with respect to reasonable rates and charges, each person, association, limited liability company or corporation operating a motor vehicle in livery service having a seating capacity of ten or more adults shall file a schedule of reasonable maximum rates and charges with the Department of Transportation. The provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection with respect to rates and charges shall not apply to any person, association, limited liability company or corporation operating a motor vehicle engaged in the transportation of passengers for hire by virtue of a contract with, or a lower tier contract for, any federal, state or municipal agency.

      (b) Each person, association, limited liability company or corporation operating a motor vehicle by virtue of authorization issued by the Federal Highway Administration for charter and special operation shall register such authorization for interstate operation with the Department of Transportation if such person, association, limited liability company or corporation maintains a domicile or principal office in the state.

      (1949 Rev., S. 5724; P.A. 75-486, S. 1, 69; P.A. 77-614, S. 162, 610; P.A. 80-372, S. 1; 80-482, S. 155, 348; P.A. 97-304, S. 15, 31.)

      History: P.A. 75-486 substituted "public utilities control authority" for "commission", i.e. public utilities commission, and "authority" for "commission" thereafter, effective December 1, 1975; P.A. 77-614 replaced "public utilities control authority" with "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation", effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 80-372 substituted "department of transportation" for the foregoing designation and "department may" for "division is authorized to"; P.A. 80-482 would have changed "division" to "department" of public utility control, deleted "within the department of business regulation" and substituted "department" for "division" but P.A. 80-372 amendments given precedence; in 1981 Sec. 16-325 transferred to Sec. 13b-102; P.A. 97-304 divided the Sec. into two Subsecs. and divided Subsec. (a) into two Subdivs., requiring (1) in Subdiv. (1) that each limited liability company owning or operating a motor vehicle in livery service be subject to the jurisdiction of the department, (2) in Subdiv. (2) that each person, association, limited liability company or corporation operating a livery vehicle having a seating capacity of ten or more adults file a schedule of reasonable maximum rates and charges with department and (3) in Subdiv. (2) that provisions of Subdiv. (1) re rates and charges not apply to any person, association, limited liability company or corporation operating a motor vehicle engaged in transportation of passengers for hire by virtue of a contract with, or a lower tier contract for, any governmental agency, and added Subsec. (b) requiring registration of authorization for interstate operation with department, effective July 1, 1997.

      Sec. 13b-103. (Formerly Sec. 16-326). Permits. Display of permit. Penalty. (a)(1) No person, association, limited liability company or corporation shall operate a motor vehicle in livery service until such person, association, limited liability company or corporation has obtained a permit from the Department of Transportation, specifying the nature and extent of the service to be rendered and certifying that public convenience and necessity will be improved by the operation and conduct of such livery service. Such permits shall be issued only after a written application for the same has been made and a public hearing has been held thereon. Upon receipt of such application, together with the payment of a fee of two hundred dollars, the department shall fix a time and place of hearing thereon, within a reasonable time, and shall promptly give written notice of the pendency of such application and of the time and place of such hearing to each applicant, the mayor of each city, the warden of each borough and the first selectman of each town, within which any such applicant desires to maintain an office or headquarters, to any carrier legally operating motor vehicles in livery service within the same territory and to other interested parties as determined by the department. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection, the department may issue a permit for the operation of vehicles (A) having a capacity of less than eleven adults or to be used exclusively at funerals, weddings, christenings, processions or celebrations, without holding a hearing and certifying that public convenience and necessity would be improved by the operation of such vehicles, or (B) having a capacity of not less than eleven or more than fourteen adults and used for sightseeing and related purposes, without holding a hearing, provided the department issues a legal notice, as provided under section 1-2, of such application and no objection is filed with the department within thirty days of publication of such notice. (3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection, the department may issue a temporary or permanent permit to any person, association, limited liability company or corporation operating a motor vehicle engaged in the transportation of passengers for hire by virtue of a contract with, or a lower tier contract for, any federal, state or municipal agency that (A) is in effect on July 1, 1997, with or without hearing, after a written application for the same has been made and the department has determined that the applicant meets the requirements of subsection (b) of this section except with respect to public convenience and necessity, or (B) becomes effective after July 1, 1997, with or without hearing, after a written application for the same has been made and the department has determined that the applicant meets the requirements of subsection (b) of this section. Any such permit issued under the provisions of this subdivision (i) shall be limited to service provided under any such contract, and (ii) with respect to any contract under the provisions of subparagraph (A) of this subdivision, shall not authorize a total number of motor vehicles exceeding the number required to provide service existing under such contract on July 1, 1997. (4) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection, the department shall issue to any person who has an intrastate livery permit for at least one year, upon the application of such person, up to two additional vehicle authorizations each year without a hearing and without written notice of the pendency of the application, if all the existing permits held by such person are registered and in use and if there are no outstanding violations or matters pending adjudication against such person. The department shall have thirty calendar days to issue such amended permit.

      (b) In determining whether or not such a permit will be granted, the Department of Transportation shall take into consideration the present or future public convenience and necessity for the service the applicant proposes to render, the suitability of the applicant or the suitability of the management if the applicant is a limited liability company or corporation, the financial responsibility of the applicant, the ability of the applicant efficiently and properly to perform the service for which authority is requested and the fitness, willingness and ability of the applicant to conform to the provisions of this chapter and the requirements and regulations of the department under this chapter.

      (c) Any interested party may bring a written petition to the Department of Transportation in respect to fares, service, operation or equipment, or the convenience, protection and safety of the public with regard to any carrier operating a motor vehicle in livery service. Thereupon, the department may fix a time and place for a hearing upon such petition and give notice thereof. No permit shall be sold or transferred until the department, upon written application to it setting forth the purpose, terms and conditions thereof and accompanied by a fee of two hundred dollars, after investigation, approves the same. The department may amend or, for sufficient cause shown, may suspend or revoke any such permit. The department may impose a civil penalty on any person or any officer of any association, limited liability company or corporation who violates any provision of this chapter or any regulation adopted under section 13b-102 with respect to fares, service, operation or equipment, in an amount not to exceed one thousand dollars per day for each violation. Prior to the imposition of a civil penalty under this subsection, the department shall provide notice to said person or officer no later than fifteen business days after receipt of information concerning an alleged violation and shall provide an opportunity for a hearing.

      (d) The owner or operator of each motor vehicle in livery service shall display in such vehicle such permit or a memorandum thereof.

      (e) Any person who holds him or herself out to be the operator of a motor vehicle in livery service who has not received a permit under this section or with the intent to injure or defraud another shall be guilty of a class B misdemeanor.

      (1949 Rev., S. 5725; 1955, S. 2643d; 1959, P.A. 599, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 15; 1969, P.A. 768, S. 244; P.A. 75-486, S. 1, 69; P.A. 77-614, S. 162, 610; P.A. 80-372, S. 2; 80-482, S. 156, 348; P.A. 84-310; P.A. 89-222, S. 2; P.A. 92-136, S. 4; P.A. 93-307, S. 21, 34; P.A. 95-126, S. 3, 25; P.A. 97-304, S. 16, 31; P.A. 99-181, S. 3, 5, 40; P.A. 00-148, S. 9, 41; P.A. 01-105, S. 8; P.A. 03-115, S. 64, 90; P.A. 04-143, S. 16.)

      History: 1959 act created and amended new Subsec. (a) by requiring permit to certify public convenience and necessity and also requiring payment of a fee, hearings to be held within a reasonable time and notice thereof to be given to other carriers operating in the same territory, added new Subsec. (b) setting forth specific considerations to be determined in the granting or withholding of a permit, added new Subsec. (c) confirming existing permits as of June 16, 1959, and designating those outstanding permits authorizing vehicles with capacity of ten or more adults as permits of public convenience and necessity, placed existing provision authorizing petition to be brought in new Subsec. (d), clarifying the application of such petitions as being "with regard to any carrier operating a motor vehicle in livery service"; 1967 act provided for fee of ten dollars to accompany application for sale or transfer of permit in Subsec. (c); 1969 act provided for prompt written notice of pendency of application and added commissioner of transportation to those to be notified in Subsec. (a), provided in Subsec. (b) for consideration of written recommendations submitted by the commissioner of transportation within thirty days of conclusion of hearing; P.A. 75-486 substituted "public utilities control authority" for "commission", i.e. public utilities commission, and "authority" for "commission" thereafter, effective December 1, 1975; P.A. 77-614 replaced "public utilities control authority" with "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation", effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 80-372 substituted "department of transportation" for foregoing designation where appearing and also "department" for "division" where appearing, substituted in Subsec. (a) "will be improved" for "require" in reference to the certification of public convenience and necessity; P.A. 80-482 would have substituted "department of public utility control" for the "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation" where appearing but P.A. 80-372 amendments given precedence; in 1981 Sec. 16-326 transferred to Sec. 13b-103; P.A. 84-310 divided Subsec. (a) into two subdivisions and authorized department to issue permits for operation of vehicles for sightseeing purposes without a hearing; P.A. 89-222 increased the fee for a livery service permit from ten to two hundred dollars; P.A. 92-136 amended Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (a) by requiring the issuance of a decal to be conspicuously displayed on the vehicle; P.A. 93-307 amended Subsec. (a) by providing for an annual decal fee and eliminating the provisions for a one-time decal fee, effective June 29, 1993; P.A. 95-126 amended Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (a) to eliminate decal representing authority to operate and provision re display of decal, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 97-304 extended provisions to limited liability companies, amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (3) authorizing department to issue a temporary or permanent permit to any person, association, limited liability company or corporation operating a motor vehicle engaged in the transportation of passengers for hire by virtue of a contract with, or a lower tier contract for, any federal, state or municipal agency, amended Subsec. (c) to eliminate requirement that department fix a time and place for a hearing upon a written petition brought by any interested party and give notice thereof and to authorize department to impose civil penalty for violation of any provision of chapter or any regulation adopted under Sec. 13b-102, and added Subsec. (d) designator before existing provision requiring owner or operator of each motor vehicle in livery service to display permit therein, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 99-181 amended Subsec.(a)(2) by allowing the department to issue a permit without a hearing for the operation of vehicles having a capacity of "less than eleven adults", rather than "less than ten adults" in Subpara. (A), and for the operation of vehicles having a capacity of "not less than eleven nor more than fourteen adults", rather than "ten or more adults" in Subpara. (B), and amended Subsec. (c) by adding provision re notice and hearing prior to imposition of civil penalty, effective June 23, 1999; P.A. 00-148 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a), (b) and (c), and amended Subsec. (c) by changing the civil penalty from one hundred dollars per day to one thousand dollars per day, effective May 26, 2000; P.A. 01-105 amended Subsec. (a) by making technical changes in Subdivs. (2) and (3) and by adding Subdiv. (4) re issuance of two additional vehicle authorizations per year to any person who has had an intrastate livery permit for at least one year; P.A. 03-115 amended Subsec. (d) to make a technical change and added Subsec. (e) re criminal penalty; P.A. 04-143 made technical changes in Subsec. (e), effective May 21, 2004.

      Annotations to former section 16-326:

      Cited. 161 C. 215.

      Subsec. (c):

      Cited. 24 CS 404.

      Annotations to present section:

      Statute provides department with sufficient guidance to grant or deny permit applications against the myriad of factual scenarios that may arise and is not an unconstitutional delegation in violation of constitutional doctrines of separation of powers. 78 CA 80.

      Subsec. (b):

      Court properly determined that department had acted properly in construing subsec. to require a multifactor analysis and in applying the "public convenience and necessity" standard to plaintiff's application for additional intrastate livery service. 78 CA 80.

      Sec. 13b-104. (Formerly Sec. 16-326a). Temporary authority. The Department of Transportation may, without hearing, issue to an applicant for authority to operate a motor vehicle in livery service temporary authority to operate such service, pending hearing upon his application and disposition thereof by the department, but such temporary authority shall not extend over a period of more than one hundred eighty days.

      (1959, P.A. 599, S. 2; P.A. 75-486, S. 1, 69; P.A. 77-614, S. 162, 610; P.A. 80-372, S. 3; 80-482, S. 157, 348.)

      History: P.A. 75-486 substituted "public utilities control authority" for "commission", i.e. public utilities commission, and "the authority" for "the commission" thereafter, effective December 1, 1975; P.A. 77-614 replaced "public utilities control authority" with "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation", effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 80-372 substituted "department of transportation" for foregoing designation and "department" for "division"; P.A. 80-482 would have substituted "department of public utility control" for "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation" but P.A. 80-372 amendments given precedence; in 1981 Sec. 16-326a transferred to Sec. 13b-104.

      Sec. 13b-105. (Formerly Sec. 16-326b). Livery service for handicapped and elderly persons. The Department of Transportation may, with or without hearing, issue temporary and permanent livery permits to applicants for the express purpose of providing reasonable livery service to handicapped persons and elderly persons on regular or irregular routes where the department finds no existing service or that the existing service is not adequate to properly serve the special needs of elderly persons and handicapped persons. Temporary authority shall not extend over a period of more than sixty days. In determining the special needs of the handicapped and elderly the department may take into consideration the convenience and the physical and mental frailties of, and the care, safety and protection necessary for the best interest of, the handicapped and elderly and the general public.

      (1969, P.A. 114; P.A. 75-486, S. 1, 69; P.A. 77-614, S. 162, 610; P.A. 80-372, S. 4; 80-482, S. 158, 348.)

      History: P.A. 75-486 substituted "public utilities control authority" for "public utilities commission" and "the authority" for "the commission", effective December 1, 1975; P.A. 77-614 replaced "public utilities control authority" with "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation", effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 80-372 substituted "department of transportation" for foregoing designation and "department" for "division" where appearing; P.A. 80-482 would have substituted "department of public utility control" for "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation" but P.A. 80-372 amendments given precedence; in 1981 Sec. 16-326b transferred to 13b-105.

      Sec. 13b-106. (Formerly Sec. 16-327). Registration; display of registration; lights; license. Upon the issuance of a permit as provided in section 13b-103 or 13b-105, the holder of such permit may apply to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles for the registration of any motor vehicle of which such holder is the owner or lessee, to be used as specified in such permit, any provision of section 14-12 to the contrary notwithstanding. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall have jurisdiction over such registration, the exterior lighting equipment of such motor vehicle and the licensing of its operator. An operator of a motor vehicle which has a capacity of less than ten adults shall conspicuously display the assigned livery registration while the motor vehicle is operating in livery service. Said commissioner may suspend such registration and the license of such operator for the violation of any provision of this chapter or any order or regulation prescribed or established under such provision, for such term as the commissioner deems advisable.

      (1949 Rev., S. 5726; P.A. 87-523, S. 2; P.A. 03-115, S. 65.)

      History: In 1981 Sec. 16-327 transferred to Sec. 13b-106; P.A. 87-523 required an operator of a motor vehicle which has a capacity of less than ten adults to conspicuously display the assigned livery registration while the motor vehicle is operating in livery service; P.A. 03-115 made technical changes.

      See Sec. 14-26 re registration of public service motor vehicles.

      Sec. 13b-107. (Formerly Sec. 16-328). Carrying passengers for hire in private vehicles. (a) Any person, while operating a passenger motor vehicle registered in this state between his place of residence and his place of employment, may carry for reasonable compensation not more than five other persons regularly employed in the locality of such person's place of employment without obtaining a livery license or a permit from the Department of Transportation.

      (b) Any corporation or employee of such corporation may operate one or more vanpool vehicles each having a seating capacity of not more than fifteen passengers for the purpose of transporting persons to and from their place of employment without obtaining a livery license or permit from the Department of Transportation.

      (1949 Rev., S. 5729; P.A. 75-486, S. 1, 69; 75-611, S. 1, 2; P.A. 77-614, S. 162, 610; P.A. 79-244, S. 4; P.A. 80-372, S. 5; 80-482, S. 159, 348.)

      History: P.A. 75-486 substituted "public utilities control authority" for "commission", i.e. public utilities commission, effective December 1, 1975; P.A. 75-611 incorporated existing section into new Subsec. (a), deleted provision that more than one round trip per day constitutes violation, added new Subsec. (b) providing that any corporation or its employees may operate one or more motor vehicles having seating capacity of not more than fifteen to transport personnel to and from place of employment without obtaining license permit from the commission; P.A. 77-614 replaced "public utilities control authority" with "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation", effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 79-244 substituted in Subsec. (b) "vanpool" for "motor" before "vehicle"; P.A. 80-372 substituted "department of transportation" for the "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation"; P.A. 80-482 would have substituted "department of public utility control" for "division of public utility control within the department of business regulation" but P.A. 80-372 amendments given precedence; in 1981 Sec. 16-328 transferred to Sec. 13b-107.

      Sec. 13b-108. (Formerly Sec. 16-329). Penalty. Injunction. (a) Any person or any officer of any association, limited liability company or corporation who violates any provision of sections 13b-101 to 13b-107, inclusive, or any order or regulation adopted, prescribed or established under any such provision shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars for the first offense and for a second offense shall be fined two thousand dollars and may be enjoined from further operation or maintenance of a livery business pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.

      (b) Any person or any officer of any association, limited liability company or corporation who violates section 13b-103 may be enjoined from further operation or maintenance of any livery business by order of the Superior Court. The Commissioner of Transportation shall bring any application for an injunction to the judicial district in which the principal place of business of any such person, association, limited liability company or corporation is located. The court upon a finding of a violation of section 13b-103 may issue an injunction and make such orders for the discontinuance of such business as it deems equitable.

      (1949 Rev., S. 5730; P.A. 89-222, S. 3; P.A. 97-304, S. 17, 31; P.A. 99-181, S. 6, 40.)

      History: In 1981 Sec. 16-329 transferred to Sec. 13b-108; P.A. 89-222 increased the fine for operating without livery service permit to five hundred dollars for the first offense and added provision for a two thousand dollar fine, designated previously existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and added new Subsec. (b) re injunctive relief for the second offense; P.A. 97-304 extended provisions re penalty and injunction to officers of limited liability companies, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 99-181 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting imprisonment penalties, effective June 23, 1999.

      Sec. 13b-108a. Reciprocal agreements. (a) The Commissioner of Transportation may enter into reciprocal agreements or plans on behalf of the state of Connecticut with the appropriate authorities of any state of the United States, or any political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia, granting reciprocity to motor vehicles in livery services, as defined in section 13b-101. Any such reciprocal agreement or plan may include, but not be limited to, the following: (1) Full reciprocity in accordance with such agreement or plan for livery services not based in Connecticut in exchange for equivalent reciprocity for Connecticut-based livery services; (2) reciprocal exchange of audits of records of the owners of livery services by the states participating in any such agreement or plan; (3) any other matters which would facilitate the administration of such agreement or plan, including exchange of information for audits, enforcement activities and collection and disbursement of proportional registration fees for other jurisdictions in the case of Connecticut-based livery services.

      (b) Any reciprocity agreement, arrangement or declaration relating to livery services in effect on April 9, 1999, between this state and any jurisdiction not a party to any reciprocal agreement or plan authorized by subsection (a) of this section, or relating to any matters not covered in such reciprocal agreement or plan, shall continue in force and effect until specifically amended or revoked as provided by law.

      (P.A. 99-6, S. 1, 2; P.A. 00-148, S. 20; P.A. 03-115, S. 66.)

      History: P.A. 99-6 effective April 9, 1999; P.A. 00-148 amended Subsec. (b) by making a technical change; P.A. 03-115 amended Subsec. (a) to make technical changes.

      Sec. 13b-109. Printed advertisements to bear permit number. A printed advertisement concerning a motor vehicle in livery service shall conspicuously state the number of the permit issued to the operator of such vehicle by the Department of Transportation pursuant to section 13b-103 and shall conspicuously state the number of any permit or registration issued to such operator by the Federal Highway Administration.

      (P.A. 87-523, S. 1; P.A. 96-222, S. 12, 41; P.A. 97-304, S. 18, 31.)

      History: P.A. 96-222 inserted "or its successor agency" after "Interstate Commerce Commission", effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-304 substituted "Federal Highway Administration" for "Interstate Commerce Commission or its successor agency", effective July 1, 1997.

      Sec. 13b-109a. Vehicles associated with the Special Olympics World Games International. Section 13b-109a is repealed, effective July 1, 1997.

      (P.A. 94-188, S. 17, 30; P.A. 97-304, S. 30, 31.)

      Sec. 13b-110. Jump seats on certain motor vehicles in livery service. A motor vehicle in livery service having a seating capacity of thirty-five or more adults may have a seat located even with or forward of the driver's seat, provided such seat complies with manufacturing and safety standards for motor buses established under federal statutes and regulations. Such seat shall be used only by an employee of the operator or an employee of a tour company that retains the services of the operator.

      (P.A. 02-123, S. 2.)

      Secs. 13b-111 to 13b-199. Reserved for future use.