Trial court did not abuse its discretion in imposing penalties because violations were serious and ongoing and defendant's
intentions were irrelevant under the strict liability scheme of the act. 275 C. 420.
Sec. 22a-449. (Formerly Sec. 25-54cc). Duties and powers of commissioner.
Fees. (a) The Commissioner of Environmental Protection shall, to the extent possible,
immediately, whenever there is discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of oil or petroleum or chemical liquids or solid, liquid or gaseous products or hazardous wastes upon any land or into any of the waters of the state or into any offshore or
coastal waters, which may result in pollution of the waters of the state, damage to
beaches, wetlands, stream banks or coastal areas, or damage to sewers or utility conduits
or other public or private property or which may create an emergency, cause such discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration to be contained and removed
or otherwise mitigated by whatever method said commissioner considers best and most
expedient under the circumstances. The commissioner shall also (1) determine the person, firm or corporation responsible for causing such discharge, spillage, uncontrolled
loss, seepage or filtration, and (2) send notice, in writing, to the chief executive officer
and the local director of health of the municipality in which such discharge, spillage,
uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration occurs of such occurrence. Such notification
shall be sent not later than twenty-four hours after the commissioner becomes aware of
the contamination.
(b) The commissioner may: (1) License terminals in the state for the loading or
unloading of oil or petroleum or chemical liquids or solid, liquid or gaseous products
or hazardous wastes and shall adopt, in accordance with chapter 54, reasonable regulations in connection therewith for the purposes of identifying terminals subject to licensure and protecting the public health and safety and for preventing the discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss, seepage or filtration of oil or petroleum or chemical liquids or
solid, liquid or gaseous products or hazardous wastes. Each license issued under this
section shall be valid for a period of not more than three years commencing July first,
unless sooner revoked by the commissioner, and there shall be charged for each such
license or renewal thereof fees established by regulation sufficient to cover the reasonable cost to the state of inspecting and licensing such terminals; (2) provide by regulations for the establishment and maintenance in operating condition and position of suitable equipment to contain as far as possible the discharge, spillage, uncontrolled loss,
seepage or filtration of any oil or petroleum or chemical liquids or solid, liquid or gaseous
products or hazardous wastes; (3) inspect periodically all hoses, gaskets, tanks, pipelines
and other equipment used in connection with the transfer, transportation or storage of
oil or petroleum or chemical liquids or solid, liquid or gaseous products or hazardous
wastes to make certain that they are in good operating condition, and order the renewal
of any such equipment found unfit for further use. No person shall commence operation
of any such terminal in this state on or after July 1, 1993, without a license issued by
the commissioner. Any person who operates any such terminal without a license issued
by the commissioner shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars per day during
any period of unlicensed operation.
(c) The commissioner may establish such programs and adopt, in accordance with
chapter 54, and enforce such regulations as he deems necessary to carry out the intent
of sections 22a-133a to 22a-133j, inclusive, sections 22a-448 to 22a-454, inclusive, and
Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 USC 6901 et
seq.), as amended from time to time, except that actions pursuant to the state's hazardous
waste program shall be brought under the provisions of sections 22a-131 and 22a-131a.
(d) The Commissioner of Environmental Protection in consultation with the Commissioner of Public Safety may establish by regulations adopted in accordance with the
provisions of chapter 54 standards and criteria for the nonresidential underground storage of oil, petroleum and chemical liquids which may include but not be limited to
standards and criteria for the design, installation, operation, maintenance and monitoring
of facilities for the underground storage and handling of such liquids. The Commissioner
of Environmental Protection may establish such programs and adopt, in accordance
with chapter 54, and enforce such regulations as he deems necessary to carry out the
intent of Subtitle I of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 USC
6901, et seq.), as amended from time to time.
(e) The fee for the inspection of each nonresidential underground storage facility
which, pursuant to regulations adopted pursuant to this section, submits notification to
the commissioner shall be one hundred dollars per tank, provided such fee may not be
charged more than once every five years.
(f) The Commissioner of Environmental Protection may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to establish (1) requirements for the inspection of nonresidential underground storage tank systems for compliance with the requirements of this chapter, including, but not limited to, the minimum frequency, method
and content of inspections, and maintenance and disclosure of results, (2) a program to
authorize persons to (A) perform inspections, including, but not limited to, education
and training requirements for such persons, and whether or not such persons may be
employed by the owner or operator of the subject nonresidential underground storage
tank system, (B) determine whether the violations for which a nonresidential underground storage tank system has been taken out of service pursuant to subsection (g) of
this section have been corrected, which regulations may include, but not be limited to,
a prohibition for an owner or operator of any such system from placing such system
back into service pursuant to subsection (g) of this section after the regulations take
effect or additional requirements for an owner or operator of any such system, and (C)
requirements, in addition to the requirements contained in subsection (g) of this section,
relating to the prohibition of deliveries to and the use of nonresidential underground
storage tank systems that are not in compliance with section 22a-449o or with the requirements of this section and any regulations adopted under this section.
(g) (1) If the commissioner determines that there is a release from a nonresidential
underground storage tank system or that such system (A) is not designed, constructed,
installed and operated in accordance with section 22a-449o or regulations adopted pursuant to this section, (B) fails to have or operate proper release detection equipment in
accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to this section, or (C) fails to have or
operate proper overfill and spill protection measures or equipment in accordance with
regulations adopted pursuant to this section, then the commissioner may require the
owner or operator of the nonresidential underground storage tank system to pump out
the contents of its system, and the commissioner may place a notice on a system that is
plainly visible, indicating that the system is not in compliance with the requirements
applicable to nonresidential underground storage tank systems and that such system
cannot be used and deliveries to such system cannot be accepted, or the commissioner
may disable the use of such system by placing a disabling device on the system that
prohibits deliveries to such system. Any action pursuant to this subdivision shall not be
based solely on requirements relating to reporting or recordkeeping. No person shall
make deliveries to any nonresidential underground storage tank system bearing the notice described in this subdivision or on which the commissioner has placed a disabling
device. The owner or operator of such system shall ensure that any such system is not
used for dispensing a product or receiving deliveries while any notice or disabling device
has been placed upon such system. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, no person or municipality shall remove, alter, deface or tamper with any notice or
disabling device placed by the commissioner pursuant to this subdivision.
(2) Not later than two business days after placing a notice or disabling device on
a nonresidential underground storage tank system pursuant to subdivision (1) of this
subsection, the commissioner shall provide the owner or operator of the affected underground storage tank system with an opportunity for a hearing. Any such hearing shall
be limited to whether the violation upon which the commissioner took action under
subdivision (1) of this subsection occurred and whether such violation is continuing.
(3) A nonresidential underground storage tank system upon which a notice or disabling device has been placed pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection shall not be
put back into service and shall not be used for dispensing a product or receiving deliveries
until the violations that caused the notice or disabling device to be placed have been
corrected to the satisfaction of (A) the commissioner, or (B) a person who, pursuant to
regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (f) of this section, has been authorized by
the commissioner to determine whether such violations have been corrected. The commissioner shall determine whether any applicable violation has been corrected not later
than twenty-four hours after being contacted by the owner or operator of the underground
storage tank system that any such violation has been fully corrected. Notwithstanding the
provisions of this subdivision, until the commissioner authorizes persons to determine
whether violations have been corrected pursuant to regulations adopted pursuant to
subsection (f) of this section, the owner or operator of an underground storage tank
system upon which a notice or a disabling device has been placed by the commissioner
may place such system back into service, where, not later than twenty-four hours after
being contacted by the owner or operator, the commissioner has not determined whether
any applicable violation has been corrected and on the day any such system is returned
to service or the next business day in the event such day is a Saturday, Sunday or legal
holiday, the owner or operator provides the commissioner with a written affidavit fully
describing all actions taken to correct the violations that caused a notice or disabling
device to be placed upon such system and certifying that all such violations were fully
corrected before any such system was returned to service.
(4) Nothing in this subsection shall affect the authority of the commissioner under
any other statute or regulation.
(h) The person submitting a notification of installation for a nonresidential underground storage tank or underground storage tank system pursuant to regulations adopted
pursuant to this section shall submit with such notification a notification fee of one
hundred dollars per tank.
(i) Any moneys collected for the issuance or renewal of a license, pursuant to subsection (b) of this section or regulations adopted pursuant to said subsection, shall be deposited in the General Fund.
(1969, P.A. 765, S. 2, 8; 1971, P.A. 433, S. 1; 872, S. 102; 1972, P.A. 252, S. 1; P.A. 79-605, S. 3, 17; P.A. 81-443, S.
5, 7; P.A. 82-233; P.A. 83-142; 83-587, S. 93, 96; P.A. 86-28, S. 1, 2; 86-403, S. 118, 132; P.A. 87-561, S. 12, 13; P.A.
88-119; P.A. 90-231, S. 7, 28; 90-269, S. 2, 8; 90-276, S. 1; P.A. 91-369, S. 32, 36; P.A. 93-428, S. 34, 39; P.A. 95-208,
S. 10, 13; P.A. 98-140, S. 1; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 134; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 89.)
History: 1971 acts required water resources commission to act if there is discharge, spillage, seepage, etc. upon land,
where previously only discharge into waters was mentioned and later replaced water resources commission with environmental protection commissioner; 1972 act increased fee for license or renewal of license from ten to one hundred twenty-five dollars; P.A. 79-605 clarified provisions, including references to uncontrolled loss of oil, petroleum or chemical liquids,
to hazardous wastes, to pollution of state waters, wetlands, stream banks, etc., to damage to sewers, utility conduits or
other property, and rephrasing in some cases for clarity and economy of expression, amended Subsec. (b) to replace set
license fee with charge of an amount sufficient to cover state inspection and licensing costs and to delete Subdivs. (4) and
(5) which had required that equipment be available to remove pollutants from waters of state and that companies pay
inspection cost and amended Subsec. (c) to require that regulations be in accordance with chapter 54 and to add reference
to federal act; P.A. 81-443 added exception in Subsec. (c) re actions pursuant to hazardous waste program approved in
accordance with federal act; P.A. 82-233 added Subsec. (d) authorizing the commissioner of environmental protection to
adopt regulations governing nonresidential underground storage of oil and chemicals; Sec. 25-54cc transferred to Sec.
22a-449 in 1983; P.A. 83-142 amended Subsec. (d) to authorize monitoring to determine the life expectancy or failure of
an underground storage facility; P.A. 83-587 changed effective date of P.A. 83-142 from October 1, 1983, to May 16,
1983; P.A. 86-28 amended Subsec. (c) by deleting requirement that actions pursuant to the state's hazardous waste program
be approved in accordance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and substituted "Subchapter III" for "Subtitle
C"; P.A. 86-403 made technical change changing "Subchapter III" to "Subtitle C"; P.A. 87-561 amended Subsec. (c) to
authorize regulations enforcing Secs. 22a-133a to 22a-133j, inclusive; P.A. 88-119 amended Subsec. (d) by deleting
language re monitoring to determine life expectancy or failure of a facility and substituting provision re adoption of
regulations by the commissioner of environmental protection to implement the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
of 1976; P.A. 90-231 amended Subsec. (d) to require the payment of notification fees by facilities and provided that on
and after July 1, 1993, the fees shall be prescribed by regulations and added Subsec. (e) re inspection fees; P.A. 90-269
added Subsec. (f) re deposits into the emergency spill response fund; P.A. 90-276 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subdiv.
(2) re notification of a chemical spill; P.A. 91-369 amended Subsecs. (d) and (e) to restate commissioner's authority to
adopt regulations setting the fees required by this section; P.A. 93-428 amended Subsec. (b) to extend the period of oil
terminal licensure from one year to three years and to increase the per diem fine for failure to obtain such a license from
one hundred dollars to five thousand dollars, effective July 1, 1993; (Revisor's note: In 1995 the phrase "emergency spill
response fund" was replaced editorially by the Revisors with "emergency spill response account" to conform section with
Sec. 22a-451, as amended by P.A. 94-130); P.A. 95-208 amended Subsec. (f) to require that moneys collected for issuance
or renewal of license be deposited in General Fund, rather than emergency spill response account, effective July 1, 1995;
P.A. 98-140 amended Subsec. (a) to require the commissioner to notify municipal officials within twenty-four hours of
certain contamination events; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (d) to increase notification fee from fifty to
one hundred dollars and to delete provisions re amount of fees prescribed by regulation and amended Subsec. (e) to increase
inspection fee from fifty to one hundred dollars and to delete provisions re amount of fees prescribed by regulation, effective
August 20, 2003; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), amended Subsec. (d) to delete language
re notification fee, redesignated existing Subsec. (f) as Subsec. (i), added new Subsec. (f) re inspections of nonresidential
systems and prohibitions re use of and deliveries to certain nonresidential systems, added Subsec. (g) re placement of
notice of noncompliance or disabling device on a nonresidential system for certain violations, and added Subsec. (h) re
notification fee, effective June 30, 2005.
Sec. 22a-449a. Definitions. As used in this section and sections 22a-449c to 22a-449m, inclusive, and 22a-449p:
(1) "Petroleum" means crude oil, crude oil fractions and refined petroleum fractions, including gasoline, kerosene, heating oils and diesel fuels;
(2) "Release" means any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying,
discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping or disposing of petroleum from any
underground storage tank or underground storage tank system;
(3) "Responsible party" means (A) for an application or request for payment or
reimbursement received by the board before July 1, 2005, or for a determination regarding a person's status as a responsible party or a third party with respect to a specific
release or suspected release made by the board before July 1, 2005, any person who
owns or operates an underground storage tank or underground storage tank system from
which a release or suspected release emanates, (B) for an application or request for
payment or reimbursement received by the board on or after July 1, 2005, any person
who (i) at any time owns, leases, uses or has an interest in the real property on which
an underground storage tank system is or was located from which there is or has been
a release or suspected release, regardless of when the release or suspected release occurred, or whether such person owned, leased, used or had an interest in the real property
at the time the release or suspected release occurred, or whether such person owned,
operated, leased or used the underground storage tank system from which the release
or suspected release occurred, (ii) at any time owns, leases, operates, uses, or has an
interest in an underground storage tank system from which there is or has been a release
or suspected release, regardless of when the release or suspected release occurred or
whether such person owned, leased, operated, used or had an interest in the underground
storage tank system at the time the release or suspected release occurred, or (iii) is
affiliated with a person described in subclause (i) or (ii) of this subparagraph through
a direct or indirect familial relationship or any contractual, corporate or financial relationship;
(4) "Underground storage tank" means a tank or combination of tanks, including
underground pipes connected thereto, used to contain an accumulation of petroleum,
whose volume is ten per cent or more beneath the surface of the ground, including the
volume of underground pipes connected thereto;
(5) "Underground storage tank system" means an underground storage tank and
any associated ancillary equipment and containment system;
(6) "Residential underground heating oil storage tank system" means (A) an underground storage tank system used in connection with residential real property composed
of four residential units or fewer, or (B) a storage tank system and any associated ancillary equipment used in connection with residential real property composed of four residential units or fewer; and
(7) "Person" means any individual, firm, partnership, association, syndicate, company, trust, corporation, limited liability company, municipality, agency or political or
administrative subdivision of the state, or other legal entity of any kind.
(P.A. 89-373, S. 1, 10; P.A. 00-201, S. 1, 8; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 90.)
History: P.A. 00-201 made technical changes and added Subdiv. (6) defining "residential underground heating oil
storage tank system", effective June 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 added reference to Sec. 22a-449p, redefined "responsible party" in Subdiv. (3) and added Subdiv. (7) to define "person", effective June 30, 2005.
Sec. 22a-449c. Underground storage tank petroleum clean-up account. Residential underground heating oil storage tank system clean-up subaccount. Pay for
performance subaccount. (a)(1) There is established an account to be known as the
"underground storage tank petroleum clean-up account". The underground storage tank
petroleum clean-up account shall be an account of the Environmental Quality Fund.
Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes to the contrary, any moneys collected shall be deposited in the Environmental Quality Fund and credited to the underground storage tank petroleum clean-up account. Any balance remaining in said account
at the end of any fiscal year shall be carried forward in said account for the fiscal year
next succeeding.
(2) The account shall be used by the Commissioner of Environmental Protection
to provide money for reimbursement or payment pursuant to section 22a-449f, to responsible parties or parties supplying goods or services, for costs, expenses and other obligations paid or incurred, as the case may be, as a result of releases, and suspected releases,
costs of investigation and remediation of releases and suspected releases, and for claims
by a person other than a responsible party for bodily injury, property damage and damage
to natural resources that have been finally adjudicated or settled with the prior written
consent of the board. The commissioner may also make payment from the account to
an assignee who is in the business of receiving assignments of amounts approved by the
board, but not yet paid from the account, provided the party making any such assignment,
using a form approved by the commissioner, directs the commissioner to pay such assignee, that no cost of any assignment shall be borne by the account and that the state
and its agencies shall not bear any liability with respect to any such assignment.
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section regarding reimbursements of parties pursuant to section 22a-449f and regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-449e,
and regardless of when an application for payment or reimbursement from the account
may have been submitted to the board, payment or reimbursement shall be made in
accordance with the following: (A) After June 1, 2004, no payment or reimbursement
shall be made for any costs, expenses and other obligations paid or incurred for remediation, including any monitoring to determine the effectiveness of the remediation, of a
release to levels more stringent than or beyond those specified in the remediation standards established pursuant to section 22a-133k, except to the extent the applicant demonstrates that it has been directed otherwise, in writing, by the commissioner; (B) after
June 1, 2005, no payment or reimbursement from the account shall be made to any person
for diminution in property value or interest; and (C) after June 1, 2005, no payment or
reimbursement from the account shall be made for attorneys' fees or other costs of legal
representation paid or incurred as a result of a release or suspected release (i) in excess
of five thousand dollars to any responsible party, (ii) in excess of ten thousand dollars
to any person other than a responsible party, and (iii) by a responsible party regarding
the defense of claims brought by another person. In addition, notwithstanding the provisions of this section regarding reimbursements of parties pursuant to section 22a-449f,
the responsible party shall bear all costs of the release that are less than ten thousand
dollars and all persons shall bear all costs of the release that are more than one million
dollars, except that for any such release which was reported to the department prior to
December 31, 1987, and for which more than five hundred thousand dollars has been
expended by the responsible party to remediate such release prior to June 19, 1991, the
responsible party for the release shall bear all costs of such release which are less than
ten thousand dollars or more than five million dollars, provided the portion of any reimbursement or payment in excess of three million dollars may, at the discretion of the
commissioner, be made in annual payments for up to a five-year period. There shall be
allocated to the department annually, for administrative costs, two million dollars.
(b) There is established a subaccount within the underground storage tank petroleum clean-up account to be known as the "residential underground heating oil storage
tank system clean-up subaccount" to be used solely for the provision of reimbursements
under sections 22a-449l and 22a-449n, for the remediation of contamination attributed
to residential underground heating oil storage tank systems. The subaccount shall hold
the proceeds of the bond funds allocated pursuant to section 51 of public act 00-167*.
(c) There is established a subaccount within the underground storage tank petroleum
clean-up account to be known as the "pay for performance subaccount" with which
the commissioner may implement a program, in consultation with the board, in which
reimbursement or repayment in accordance with this section is based upon the achievement of environmental milestones or results. The commissioner, with the approval of
the board, may enter into contracts to implement any such program.
(d) (1) If an initial application or request for payment or reimbursement is received
by the board before July 1, 2005, no supplemental application or request for payment
or reimbursement shall be submitted to the board on or after October 1, 2009, regarding
costs, expenses or other obligations paid or incurred in response to the release or suspected release noted in any such initial application or request for payment or reimbursement. The provisions of this subdivision shall apply regardless of whether the cost,
expense or other obligation was paid or incurred before October 1, 2009, and no reimbursement or payment from the account shall be ordered by the board or made by the
commissioner regarding any such supplemental application or request for payment or
reimbursement received by the board on or after the October 1, 2009, deadline established in this subdivision.
(2) If an initial application or request for payment or reimbursement is received by
the board on or after July 1, 2005, no supplemental application or request for payment
or reimbursement shall be submitted to the board more than five years after the date
that the initial application or request for payment or reimbursement was received by the
board, regarding costs, expenses or other obligations paid or incurred in response to the
release or suspected release noted in such initial application or request for payment or
reimbursement. The provisions of this subdivision shall apply regardless of whether a
cost, expense or other obligation was paid or incurred before the expiration of the five-year deadline established in this subdivision and no reimbursement or payment from
the account shall be ordered by the board or made by the commissioner regarding any
such supplemental application or request for payment or reimbursement received by
the board after the five-year deadline established in this subdivision.
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (i) of section 22a-449f, if an application or request for payment or reimbursement is not brought before the board for a
decision not later than six months after having been received by the board, then six
months shall be added to the deadline applicable pursuant to subdivision (1) or (2) of this
subsection, provided no more than two years shall be added to the deadline established
pursuant to subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection regardless of whether one or more
applications or requests for payment or reimbursement have been received by the board
but have not been brought before the board for a decision not later than six months after
receipt. In addition, if the commissioner determines that an application or request for
payment or reimbursement is ready for decision by the board and such application or
request has been placed on the agenda for the meeting of the board, but cannot be brought
before the board because the board is unable to meet or cannot act on such application
or request, the deadlines established pursuant to subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection
shall also be extended only for that period that the board is unable to meet or is unable
to act on such application or request.
(4) The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to annual groundwater remedial
actions, including the preparation of a groundwater remedial action progress report,
performed pursuant to subdivision (6) of section 22a-449p. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, the board may continue to receive applications or requests for
payment or reimbursement and provided all other requirements have been met, may
order payment or reimbursement from the account for such activities.
(e) (1) Any person who has insurance, or a contract or other agreement to provide
payment or reimbursement for any costs, expense or other obligation paid or incurred
in response to a release or suspected release may submit an application or request seeking
payment or reimbursement from the account to the board, provided any such application
or request for payment or reimbursement shall be subject to all applicable requirements,
including, but not limited to, subdivision (7) of subsection (c) of section 22a-449f.
(2) Any person who at any time receives or expects to receive payment or reimbursement from any source other than the account for any cost, expense, obligation, damage
or injury for which such person has received or has applied for payment or reimbursement from the account, shall notify the board, in writing, of such supplemental or expected payment and shall, not more than thirty days after receiving such supplemental
payment, repay the underground storage tank petroleum clean-up fund all such amounts
received from any other source.
(3) If the board determines that a person is seeking or has sought payment or reimbursement for any cost, expense, obligation, damage or injury from the account and that
payment or reimbursement for any such cost, expense, obligation, damage or injury is
actually or potentially available to any such person from any source other than the
account, the board may impose any conditions it deems reasonable regarding any amount
it orders to be paid from the account.
(P.A. 89-373, S. 4, 10; P.A. 90-181, S. 1; P.A. 91-254, S. 1, 7; P.A. 94-130, S. 6; P.A. 96-132, S. 1, 5; P.A. 97-241, S.
3, 5; P.A. 00-201, S. 2, 8; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 37, 131; P.A. 02-80, S. 1; P.A. 04-244, S. 2; P.A. 05-288, S. 107;
June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 91.)
*Note: Section 51 of public act 00-167 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force
and effect according to its terms.
History: P.A. 90-181 amended Subsec. (b) to allow payments or reimbursement to parties supplying goods or services,
allowed payments and reimbursements for expenses resulting from suspected releases, authorized payment of costs of
defense of third party claims and costs of investigation and deleted the requirement that the responsible party be responsible
for all costs which are less than ten thousand dollars; P.A. 91-254 added the requirement that the responsible party be
responsible for all costs which are less than ten thousand dollars, added the provisions concerning releases reported prior
to December 31, 1987, and for which more than five hundred thousand dollars had been expended and added provisions
re funds for administrative costs which are to be allocated to the department; P.A. 94-130 changed name of fund from
"Underground Storage Tank Petroleum Clean-Up Fund" to "underground storage tank petroleum clean-up account" and
eliminated requirement that investment earnings credited to assets of fund shall become part of the assets of said fund;
P.A. 96-132 amended Subsec. (b) to increase the allocation for administrative costs, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-241
amended Subsec. (b) to increase costs of remediation to be borne by certain responsible parties under this section and to
increase the allocation to the department for administrative costs, effective June 24, 1997; P.A. 00-201 redesignated existing
language in Subsec. (a) as Subsec. (a)(1) and existing language in Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (a)(2) and added new Subsec.
(b) establishing residential underground heating oil storage tank system clean-up subaccount, effective June 1, 2000; June
Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 amended Subsec. (a) to add references to Sec. 22a-449f and increase amount of administrative costs
from one million one hundred fifty thousand to two million dollars and amended Subsec. (b) to add reference to Sec. 22a-449n, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 02-80 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to raise limit for payments from account from three
million to five million dollars for costs or expenses incurred in connection with any release reported to the Department of
Environmental Protection prior to December 31, 1987, and for which the responsible party has expended more than five
hundred thousand dollars for remediation prior to June 19, 1991, and to add proviso that the portion of any reimbursement
or payment in excess of three million dollars may, at the discretion of the commissioner, be made in annual payments for
up to a five-year period, effective July 1, 2002; P.A. 04-244 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to add prohibition against payment
or reimbursement for costs incurred for remediation of a release to levels more stringent than those specified in remediation
standards, except as required by the department, effective June 8, 2004; P.A. 05-288 made technical changes in Subsec.
(a)(2), effective July 13, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 made technical changes, amended Subsec. (a)(2) to delete "or
both, to responsible parties", to insert "and remediation", to replace "third party" with "for", to insert "by a person other
than a responsible party", to require final adjudication or settlement of a claim, and to allow payment to an assignee,
inserted designator for Subsec. (a)(3), amended Subsec. (a)(3) to insert "in writing", to prohibit, after June 1, 2005, payment
or reimbursement for diminution in property value or interest and for certain attorneys' fees, and to insert "and all persons
shall bear all costs of the release that are", added Subsec. (c) establishing pay for performance subaccount, added Subsec.
(d) re submission of supplemental applications, and added Subsec. (e) re insurance and receipt of payment or reimbursement
from other sources, effective June 30, 2005.
Sec. 22a-449d. Underground Storage Tank Petroleum Clean-Up Account Review Board. (a) There is established an Underground Storage Tank Petroleum Clean-Up Account Review Board. Upon application for reimbursement or payment pursuant
to section 22a-449f, the board shall determine, based on the provisions of sections 22a-449a to 22a-449i, inclusive, and all regulations adopted pursuant to said sections 22a-449a to 22a-449i, inclusive, whether or not to order payment or reimbursement from
the account. The board shall have the authority to order payment from the residential
underground heating oil storage tank system clean-up subaccount to registered contractors pursuant to section 22a-449l, or to owners pursuant to section 22a-449n, for reasonable costs associated with the remediation of a residential underground heating oil storage tank system based on the guidelines established pursuant to subsection (c) of this
section; hold hearings, administer oaths, subpoena witnesses and documents through
its chairperson when authorized by the board; designate an agent to perform such duties
of the board as it deems necessary except the duty to render a final decision to order
reimbursement or payment from the account; and provide by notice, printed on any
form, that any false statement made thereof or pursuant thereto is punishable pursuant
to section 53a-157b.
(b) The board shall consist of the Commissioners of Environmental Protection and
Revenue Services, the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and the State
Fire Marshal, or their designees; one member representing the Connecticut Petroleum
Council, appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives; one member representing the Service Station Dealers Association, appointed by the majority leader of the
Senate; one member of the public, appointed by the majority leader of the House of
Representatives; one member representing the Independent Connecticut Petroleum Association, appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate; one member representing the Gasoline and Automotive Service Dealers of America, Inc., appointed by the
minority leader of the House of Representatives; one member representing a municipality with a population greater than one hundred thousand, appointed by the Governor;
one member representing a municipality with a population of less than one hundred
thousand, appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; one member representing a
small manufacturing company which employs fewer than seventy-five persons, appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives; one member experienced in
the delivery, installation, and removal of residential underground petroleum storage
tanks and remediation of contamination from such tanks, appointed by the president
pro tempore of the Senate; and one member who is an environmental professional licensed under section 22a-133v and is experienced in investigating and remediating
contamination attributable to underground petroleum storage tanks, appointed by the
Governor. The board shall annually elect one of its members to serve as chairperson.
(c) Not later than July 1, 2000, the board shall establish guidelines for determining
what costs are reasonable for payment under sections 22a-449l and 22a-449n and shall
establish requirements for financial assurance, training and performance standards for
registered contractors, as defined in said sections 22a-449l and 22a-449n. The board
shall make payment pursuant to section 22a-449n to the owner at a rate not to exceed
one hundred fifty-seven dollars per ton of contaminated soil removed which shall be
considered as full payment for all eligible costs for remediation. For any claim filed
pursuant to section 22a-449n where no contaminated soil is removed the board shall
reimburse eligible costs in accordance with the guidelines pursuant to this section.
(d) To the extent that funds are available in the residential underground heating
oil storage tank system clean-up subaccount, the board may order payment from such
subaccount to registered contractors for reimbursement of eligible costs for services
associated with the remediation of a residential underground heating oil storage tank
system prior to July 1, 2001, to owners of such systems for payment for eligible costs
incurred after July 1, 2001. No such payment shall be authorized unless the board deems
the costs reasonable based on the guidelines established pursuant to subsection (c) of
this section. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, if the board determines
that the owner may not receive reimbursement payment from the contractor, the board
may, if reimbursement has not been sent to the contractor, directly reimburse the owner
of such system for eligible costs incurred by the owner and paid to the registered contractor for services associated with a remediation of a system prior to July 1, 2001.
(P.A. 89-373, S. 5, 10; P.A. 90-181, S. 4; P.A. 91-254, S. 2, 7; P.A. 99-269, S. 4, 6; P.A. 00-201, S. 3, 8; June Sp. Sess.
P.A. 01-9, S. 38, 131; P.A. 04-172, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 92.)
History: P.A. 90-181 amended Subsec. (a) to include applications for payment and amended Subsec. (b) to add to the
membership of the board one person representing the service station dealers association and one person representing the
public; P.A. 91-254 added language in Subsec. (a) re powers of board to hold hearings, administer oaths, etc., to designate
an agent to act for it and to give notice re punishment for false statement and amended Subsec. (b) to add member representing
small manufacturing company and to authorize election of chairman; (Revisor's note: In 1995 the word "fund" was replaced
editorially by the Revisors with "account" in review board name to conform with Secs. 22a-449b and 22a-449c, as amended
by P.A. 94-130 and in 1997 a reference in Subsec. (b) to "Commissioners of the Department of Environmental Protection
and Revenue Services" was replaced editorially by the Revisors with "Commissioners of Environmental Protection and
Revenue Services" for consistency with customary statutory usage); P.A. 99-269 amended Subsec. (b) to add to the board
a member with experience with residential underground petroleum storage tanks, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-201
amended Subsec. (a) by authorizing board to order payments from residential underground heating oil storage tank system
clean-up subaccount, amended Subsec. (b) by adding licensed environmental professional appointed by the Governor as
a board member and added Subsec. (c) requiring board to establish guidelines and requirements, effective June 1, 2000;
June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 amended Subsec. (a) to add references to Secs. 22a-449l and 22a-449n and to replace reference
to Sec. 22a-449d(c) with reference to Subsec. (c) of section, amended Subsec. (c) by adding provisions re payment pursuant
to Sec. 22a-449n and reimbursement in accordance with guidelines and added Subsec. (d) re payment from subaccount to
registered contractors and owners for eligible costs deemed reasonable, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 04-172 amended
Subsec. (d) to add provision re direct reimbursement of owner, effective June 1, 2004; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 amended
Subsec. (a) to delete language re review of applications, to delete language re damage resulting from release, and to insert
reference to Secs. 22a-449 to 22a-449i, inclusive, and all regulations adopted pursuant to said sections re whether to
order payment or reimbursement, and amended Subsec. (b) to replace "Connecticut Gasoline Retailers Association" with
"Gasoline and Automotive Service Dealers of America, Inc.", effective June 30, 2005.
Sec. 22a-449e. Regulations. Schedule for maximum or range of amounts to be
paid from the account. Use of seal. (a) The Commissioner of Environmental Protection,
after consultation with the members of the board established by section 22a-449d, shall
adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 setting forth procedures for reimbursement and payment from the account established under section 22a-449c. Such regulations shall include such provisions as the commissioner deems necessary to carry out the purposes of sections 22a-449a to 22a-449h, inclusive, including,
but not limited to, provisions for (1) notification of eligible parties of the existence
of the account; (2) records required for submission of claims and reimbursement and
payment; (3) periodic and partial reimbursement and payment to enable responsible
parties to meet interim costs, expenses and obligations; and (4) reimbursement and
payment for costs, expenses and obligations incurred in connection with releases or
suspected releases, and incurred after July 5, 1989, for releases discovered before or after
said date provided reimbursement and payment shall not be made for costs, expenses and
obligations incurred by a responsible party on or before said date.
(b) (1) The commissioner, in accordance with the procedures set forth in subdivision (2) of this subsection, may prescribe a schedule for the maximum or range of
amounts to be paid from the account for labor, equipment, materials, services or other
costs, expenses or obligations paid or incurred as a result of a release or suspected release.
Such schedule shall not be a regulation, as defined in section 4-166 and the adoption,
modification, repeal or use of such schedule shall not be subject to the provisions of
chapter 54 concerning a regulation. The amounts in any such schedule may be less than
and shall be not more than the usual, customary and reasonable amounts charged, as
determined by the commissioner. Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 22a-449a
to 22a-449j, inclusive, or any regulation adopted by the commissioner pursuant to this
section, upon adoption of any such schedule, the amount to be paid from the account
for any labor, equipment, materials, services or other costs, expenses or other obligations, shall not exceed the amount established in any such schedule and such schedule
may serve as guidance with respect to any costs, expenses or other obligations paid or
incurred before the adoption of such schedule.
(2) The commissioner shall adopt, revise or revoke said schedule in accordance
with the provisions of this subsection. After consultation with the board, the commissioner shall publish notice of intent to adopt, revise or revoke the schedule, or any portion
thereof, in a newspaper having substantial circulation in the affected area. There shall
be a comment period of thirty days following publication of such notice during which
interested persons may submit written comments to the commissioner. The commissioner shall publish notice of the adoption, revision or revocation of the schedule, or
part thereof, in a newspaper having substantial circulation in the affected area. The
commissioner shall, upon request, review and shall make any revisions the commissioner deems necessary to such schedule not more than once every two years or may
do so more frequently as the commissioner deems necessary. The commissioner, after
consultation with the board, may revise or revoke the schedule, in whole or in part, using
the procedures specified in this subsection. Any person may request that the commissioner adopt, revise or revoke the schedule in accordance with this subsection.
(c) Upon adoption of a schedule by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (b) of
this section, the requirements concerning obtaining three bids for services rendered
contained in regulations adopted pursuant to this section shall not apply, provided that
the schedule includes the subject services.
(d) An environmental professional, who has a currently valid and effective license
issued pursuant to section 22a-133v, shall use a seal, as provided for in regulations
adopted pursuant to section 22a-133v, to provide written approval required under sections 22a-449c, 22a-449f and 22a-449p, and any approval without a seal shall not constitute an approval of a licensed environmental professional. The regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133v regarding the use of a seal and the rules of professional conduct
shall apply to the duties of a licensed environmental professional contained in sections
22a-449a to 22a-449i, inclusive, and 22a-449p.
(P.A. 89-373, S. 6, 10; P.A. 90-181, S. 2; P.A. 91-254, S. 3, 7; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 93.)
History: P.A. 90-181 amended Subdivs. (2), (3) and (4) to include provisions relating to payment in addition to reimbursement; P.A. 91-254 added language giving the commissioner broader authority to adopt regulations under Secs. 22a-449a
to 22a-449h, inclusive; (Revisor's note: In 1995 references to clean-up "fund" were replaced editorially by the Revisors
with references to clean-up "account" to conform section with Sec. 22a-449c as amended by P.A. 94-130); June Sp. Sess.
P.A. 05-3 designated existing language as Subsec. (a) and made a technical change therein, added Subsec. (b) re schedule
for the maximum or range of amounts to be paid from the account, added Subsec. (c) re inapplicability of requirement for
three bids for services, and added Subsec. (d) re use of a seal by an environmental professional, effective June 30, 2005.
Sec. 22a-449f. Application for reimbursement for claims resulting from release of petroleum. Hearings. Use of account by commissioner. (a) A responsible
party may apply to the Underground Storage Tank Petroleum Clean-Up Account Review
Board established under section 22a-449d, for reimbursement for costs paid and payment of costs incurred as a result of a release, or a suspected release, including costs of
investigating and remediating a release, or a suspected release, incurred or paid by such
party who is determined not to have been liable for any such release. If a person other
than a responsible party, claims to have suffered bodily injury, property damage or
damage to natural resources from a release, the person with such claim shall make
reasonable attempts to provide written notice to the responsible party of such claim and
if such person cannot provide such notice or if the responsible party does not apply to
the board for payment of such claim not later than sixty days after receipt of such notice
or such other time as may be agreed to by the parties, the person holding such claim
may apply to the board for payment for such damage or bodily injury.
(b) (1) In addition to all other applicable requirements, a person seeking payment
or reimbursement from the account shall demonstrate that when the total costs, expenses
or other obligations in response to a release or suspected release (A) are two hundred
fifty thousand dollars or less, that all labor, equipment and materials provided after
October 1, 2005, and all services and activities undertaken after October 1, 2005, shall
be approved, in writing, either by the commissioner or by a licensed environmental
professional with a currently valid and effective license issued pursuant to section 22a-133v; and (B) exceeds two hundred fifty thousand dollars, that all labor, equipment and
materials provided after October 1, 2005, and all services and activities undertaken
after October 1, 2005, shall be approved, in writing, by the commissioner or that the
commissioner has authorized, in writing, an environmental professional with a currently
valid and effective license issued pursuant to section 22a-133v to approve, in writing,
such labor, equipment, materials, services and activities, in lieu of a written approval
by the commissioner. The provisions of this subsection shall apply to all costs, expenses
or other obligations for which a person is seeking payment or reimbursement from the
account and the board shall not order and the commissioner shall not make payment or
reimbursement from the account for any cost, expense or other obligation, unless the
person seeking such payment or reimbursement includes with an application or with a
request for payment or reimbursement all written approvals required by this subdivision.
(2) The fees charged by a licensed environmental professional regarding labor or
services rendered in response to a release or suspected release may be included in any
application or request for payment or reimbursement submitted to the board. The amount
to be paid or reimbursed from the account for such fees may also be established in the
schedule adopted by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (b) of section 22a-449e.
(3) Providing it is true and accurate, a licensed environmental professional shall
submit the following certification regarding any approval provided under subdivision
(1) of this subsection and section 22a-449p: "I hereby agree that all of the labor, equipment, materials, services, and activities described in or covered by this certification was
appropriate under the circumstances to abate an emergency or was performed as part
of a plan specifically designed to ensure that the release or suspected release is or has
been investigated in accordance with prevailing standards and guidelines and remediated
consistent with and to achieve compliance with the remediation standards adopted under
section 22a-133k of the general statutes.".
(c) The board shall order reimbursement or payment from the account for any cost
paid or incurred, as the case may be, if, (1) such cost is or was incurred after July 5,
1989, (2) a responsible party was or would have been required to demonstrate financial
responsibility under 40 CFR Part 280.90 et seq. as said regulation was published in the
Federal Register of October 26, 1988, for the underground storage tank or underground
storage tank system from which the release emanated, whether or not such party is
required to comply with said requirements on the date any such cost is incurred, provided
if the state is the responsible party, the board may order payment from the account
without regard to whether the state was or would have been required to demonstrate
financial responsibility under said sections 40 CFR Part 280.90 et seq., (3) after the
release, if any, the responsible party incurred a cost, expense or obligation for investigation, cleanup or for claims of a person other than a responsible party resulting from the
release, provided any such claim shall be required to be finally adjudicated or settled
with the prior written approval of the board before an application for reimbursement or
payment is made, (4) the board determines that the cost, expense or other obligation is
reasonable and that there are not grounds for recovery specified in subdivision (1) or
(3) of subsection (g) of this section, (5) the responsible party notified the commissioner
of the release in accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-449 or,
where such regulations are not applicable, as soon as practicable, and notified the board,
as soon as practicable, of any claim by a person other than a responsible party, resulting
from the release, (6) the responsible party, or, if a person other than a responsible party
applies for payment or reimbursement from the account, then such person demonstrates
the remediation, including any monitoring to determine the effectiveness of the remediation, for which payment or reimbursement is sought is not more stringent than that
required by the remediation standards established pursuant to section 22a-133k, except
to the extent the responsible party or such person demonstrates that it has been directed
otherwise, in writing, by the commissioner, (7) the responsible party, or, if a person
other than a responsible party applies for payment or reimbursement from the account,
then such person demonstrates that it does not have insurance, or a contract or other
agreement to provide payment or reimbursement for any cost, expense or other obligation incurred in response to a release or suspected release, or if there is any such insurance, contract or other agreement, that any insurance coverage has been denied or is
insufficient to cover the costs, expenses or other obligations, paid or incurred or that
any contract or other agreement is not able to or is insufficient to cover the costs, expenses
or other obligations, paid or incurred, for which payment or reimbursement is sought
from the account, (8) the responsible party demonstrates and the board determines that
one of the milestones noted in section 22a-449p has been completed, (9) the board
determines what, if any, reductions to the amounts sought from the account should be
made based upon the compliance evaluations performed pursuant to subsection (d) of
this section, and (10) if at the time any application or request for payment or reimbursement, including any supplemental application or request, is submitted to the board, there
is no underground storage tank system dispensing petroleum on the property where the
release or suspected release emanated or occurred, then the responsible party demonstrates, in addition to all other applicable requirements, that lack of compliance with
provisions of the general statutes and regulations governing underground storage tank
systems was not a proximate cause of the release or suspected release and that there are
not grounds for recovery specified in subdivision (2) of subsection (g) of this section.
In acting on an application or a request for payment or reimbursement, the board, using
funds from the account, may contract with experts, including, but not limited to, attorneys and medical professionals, to better evaluate and defend against claims and negotiate claims by persons other than responsible parties. The costs of the board for experts
shall not be charged to the amount allocated to the Department of Environmental Protection pursuant to section 22a-449c. If a person other than a responsible party applies to
the board claiming to have suffered bodily injury, property damage or damage to natural
resources, the board shall order reimbursement or payment from the account if such
person demonstrates that subdivisions (1), (2), (6) and (7) of this subsection are satisfied,
the board determines that as a result of a release or suspected release such person has
suffered bodily injury, property damage or damage to natural resources, that the costs,
expenses or other obligations incurred are reasonable and the person submitting such
claim demonstrates that it has attempted to or has provided written notice of its claim
to the responsible party as required in subsection (a) of this section and that the responsible party has not applied to the board for payment or reimbursement of this claim.
(d) (1) Except as provided in this subsection, if at the time any application or request
for payment or reimbursement is submitted to the board, including any supplemental
application or request, there is an underground storage tank system dispensing petroleum
on the property where the release or suspected release emanated or occurred, such application or request shall not be deemed complete and shall not be acted upon by the board
unless such application or request includes a summary of the compliance status of all
the underground storage tank systems on the subject property. Any such summary shall
include an evaluation of compliance with the design, construction, installation, notification, general operating, release detecting, system upgrading, abandonment and removal
date requirements of the regulations adopted pursuant to sections 22a-449 and 22a-449o
and shall be prepared by an independent consultant on a form prescribed by or acceptable
to the commissioner. The summary shall be based on an evaluation of said underground
storage tank systems performed not more than one hundred eighty days before the board
receives an application or a request for reimbursement or payment, except that with
respect to any provision of the subject regulations regarding record keeping, periodic
monitoring or testing, the summary shall be based on an evaluation of a one-year period
terminating within one hundred eighty days prior to the board's receipt of an application
or a request for payment or reimbursement. The summary shall also include a full description of all corrective measures that have been taken or that are being taken with
regard to any noncompliance identified in the compliance evaluation performed pursuant to this subdivision.
(2) With respect to any initial application or request for payment or reimbursement
regarding a release or suspected release the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection shall apply only to applications or requests received on or after January 1, 2006.
With respect to any supplemental application or request for payment or reimbursement
regarding a release or suspected release, the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection shall apply to each application or request submitted to the board on or after January
1, 2006, regardless of when the initial application or request was submitted, except that
submission of a compliance summary shall not be required if at the time a supplemental
application or request is submitted, less than one year has passed since the performance
of a compliance evaluation submitted with any prior application or request.
(3) The cost of hiring an independent consultant to perform a compliance evaluation,
as required by this subsection, shall be eligible for payment or reimbursement from the
account up to a maximum of one thousand dollars per compliance evaluation, provided
the evaluation is in conformance with the requirements of this subsection and includes
all underground storage tank systems on the property where a release or suspected release
emanated or occurred. If the schedule adopted by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (b) of section 22a-449e includes an amount for performing a compliance evaluation,
upon adoption of any such schedule, the amount eligible for payment or reimbursement
for performing a compliance evaluation shall be the amount prescribed in any such
schedule.
(4) Nothing in this subsection shall affect the continued applicability of any decision
of the board to (A) deny reimbursement or payment from the account, or (B) provide only
partial payment or reimbursement regarding all applications or requests for payment or
reimbursement from the account. Any such decision shall remain in effect and shall not
be subject to reconsideration or reevaluation as a result of this subsection.
(5) Except as provided for in this subdivision, if at the time any application or request
for payment or reimbursement, including any supplemental application or request, is
submitted, there is no underground storage tank system dispensing petroleum on the
property where the release or suspected release emanated or occurred, any such application or request shall be subject to the provisions of subdivision (10) of subsection (c)
of this section, even where a prior application or request was subject to the provisions
of this subsection. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to an application
or request for payment or reimbursement for annual groundwater remedial actions, including the preparation of a groundwater remedial action progress report, performed
pursuant to subdivision (6) of section 22a-449p.
(e) (1) If the compliance evaluation summary performed pursuant to subsection
(d) of this section indicates that any of the violations noted in this subdivision exist with
respect to any underground storage tank or underground storage tank system on the
property at which a release or suspected release occurred and any such violations have
not been fully corrected by the time an application or request for reimbursement is
submitted to the board, the board shall reduce any payment or amount to be reimbursed
as follows: (A) A one hundred per cent reduction of the payment or amount to be reimbursed for failure to meet the tank or piping construction requirements of section 22a-449o or the regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-449 or for failure to report the
release to the commissioner as required by this section, (B) a seventy-five per cent
reduction of the payment or amount to be reimbursed for failure to have properly functioning cathodic protection, spill prevention, overfill prevention, or release detection as
required by the regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-449. Notwithstanding the
provisions of this subsection, the board may reduce any amount to be paid or reimbursed
based on any other violation of the provisions of the general statutes or regulations of
Connecticut state agencies regarding ownership or operation of an underground storage
tank system.
(2) Nothing in this subsection and no determination by the board of any issue of
fact or law shall affect the authority of the commissioner under any other statute or
regulations, including, but not limited to, taking any enforcement action based upon the
violations identified in any compliance evaluation performed pursuant to subsection (d)
of this section.
(f) (1) For all work or services performed or materials provided before October 1,
2004, the board shall not order payment or reimbursement from the account for any cost
paid or incurred, unless when seeking payment or reimbursement, the application or
any submission regarding work, services or materials that have been pre-authorized by
the board is received by the board on or before April 1, 2005.
(2) For purposes of this subsection, work or services shall be deemed rendered or
performed on the date such work is rendered or performed and a material shall be deemed
provided on the date a material is made available for use.
(3) After June 30, 2005, the board shall not order payment or reimbursement from
the account for any cost, expense or other obligation, paid or incurred, unless the application or request for payment or reimbursement is received by the board not later than
one year after the completion of all or substantially all of the work or activities necessary
to prepare the plan or report required by the milestones set forth in section 22a-449p.
(g) The Attorney General, upon the request of the board or the commissioner, may
institute an action in the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford to recover the
amounts specified in this section from any person who owns or operates an underground
storage tank system at the time a release emanates or occurs from such system or any
person who owns the real property on which a release emanates or occurs, provided
such person owned the real property at or any time after the release emanates or occurs
until the time that a final remediation action report is submitted by a licensed environmental professional or approved by the commissioner pursuant to subdivision (7) of
section 22a-449p, if: (1) Prior to the occurrence of the release, the underground storage
tank or underground storage tank system from which the release emanated was required
by regulations adopted under section 22a-449 to submit a notification to the commissioner but no such notification was provided; (2) the release results from a reckless,
wilful, wanton or intentional act or omission of such person or a negligent act or omission
of such person that constitutes noncompliance with the general statutes or regulations
governing the installation, operation and maintenance of underground storage tanks;
or (3) the release occurs from an underground storage tank or system which is not in
compliance with a final order issued by the commissioner pursuant to this chapter or a
final judgment issued by a court concerning noncompliance with a requirement of this
chapter; or (4) payment has been made from the account, including payment to the
commissioner pursuant to subsection (i) of this section, to a person other than a person
against whom an action may be brought pursuant to this subsection. All costs to the state
relating to actions to recover such payments, including, but not limited to, reasonable
attorneys' fees, shall initially be paid from the underground storage tank petroleum
clean-up account. In any recovery the board or the commissioner is entitled to recover
from such person (A) all payments made from the account with respect to a release or
suspected release, (B) all payments made by the commissioner pursuant to subsection
(i) of this section with respect to a release or suspected release, (C) interest on such
payments at a rate of ten per cent per year from the date such payments were made, and
(D) all costs of the state relating to actions to recover such payments, including, but not
limited to, reasonable attorneys' fees. All actions brought pursuant to this section shall
have precedence in the order of trial, as provided in section 52-191. If the Attorney
General has filed an action against a person seeking recovery of the amounts specified
in this subsection or if the commissioner sends a person a demand letter regarding costs
incurred by the state pursuant to section 22a-451, any such person against whom an
action has been brought or who receives a demand letter shall not submit an application
or request for payment or reimbursement to the board seeking payment or reimbursement
of any such amount sought by the Attorney General or by the commissioner. If any such
application or request for payment or reimbursement is submitted, the board shall not
take any action regarding any such application or request.
(h) The board shall render its decision not more than ninety days after receipt of an
application from a person, provided, in the case of a second or subsequent application,
the board shall render its decision not more than forty-five days after receipt of such
application. A copy of the decision shall be sent to the commissioner and the person
seeking payment or reimbursement by certified mail, return receipt requested. The commissioner or any person aggrieved by the decision of the board may, within twenty
days from the date of issuance of such decision, request a hearing before the board in
accordance with the provisions of chapter 54. After such hearing, the board shall consider
the information submitted to it and affirm or modify its decision on the application. A
copy of the affirmed or modified decision shall be sent to all parties to the hearing by
certified mail, return receipt requested. Once the board renders a decision regarding an
application or request for payment or reimbursement and no hearing has been requested
pursuant to this subsection regarding any such decision, the costs, expenses or other
obligations addressed by any such decision shall not be resubmitted in any other application or request.
(i) Whenever the commissioner determines that as a result of a release, as defined
in section 22a-449a, or a suspected release, a clean-up is necessary, including, but not
limited to, actions to prevent or abate pollution or a potential source of pollution and to
provide potable drinking water, the commissioner may undertake such actions using
not more than one million dollars from the underground storage tank petroleum clean-up account for each release or suspected release from an underground storage tank or
an underground storage tank system for which the responsible party is the state or for
which a responsible party was or would have been required to demonstrate financial
responsibility under 40 CFR Part 280.90 et seq., as said regulation was published in the
Federal Register of October 26, 1988.
(j) (1) If through an initial application or request for payment or reimbursement
received by the board before June 1, 2005, the board has determined that a person has
paid or incurred costs, expenses or other obligations that are eligible for payment or
reimbursement from the account, with respect to any supplemental application or request
for payment or reimbursement the following shall apply. The commissioner may identify
a category of activities, costs, expenses, or other obligations that are less than one hundred thousand dollars for which, in lieu of full payment, the board may approve a percentage of the costs, expenses or other obligations paid or incurred. In making any such
recommendation to the board, the commissioner shall consider the amounts previously
paid from the account and any other information the commissioner deems relevant. Any
such percentage shall be not more than, but may be less than, ninety per cent of the
average amount, as determined by the commissioner, previously paid from the account
for any activity, cost, expense or obligation. The board shall approve or disapprove,
but shall not modify, payment of the percentage recommended by the commissioner
pursuant to this subdivision. The commissioner may, using the procedures specified in
this subdivision, recommend changes to any percentage previously approved by the
board under this subdivision.
(2) If the board approves payment of the percentage recommended by the commissioner, a person with a supplemental application or request for payment or reimbursement may agree to accept the percentage payment approved by the board. Any such
acceptance shall be in writing, signed by the person seeking payment or reimbursement
and shall acknowledge that the person is agreeing to accept less than the full amount
sought by such person for the costs, expenses or other obligations covered by such
acceptance. If the commissioner has prescribed forms, any such acceptance shall be
made using the forms prescribed by the commissioner. Once a completed written acceptance is received, the board shall, not later than ninety days after receiving such acceptance, determine whether to order payment or reimbursement from the account. Any
such determination by the board shall be limited to whether the costs, expenses or other
obligations are within those for which the board has approved payment pursuant to
subdivision (1) of this subsection.
(3) Any amount ordered to be paid or reimbursed by the board shall be considered
full payment for any such activity, expense or other obligation and a person shall not
seek any additional reimbursement from the account for any such activity, expense or
other obligation. The categories or activities for which the commissioner recommends
payment of a percentage pursuant to this subsection may constitute all or a portion of
the amounts sought in a supplemental application or supplemental request for payment
or reimbursement.
(k) Notification to the commissioner pursuant to regulations adopted pursuant to
section 22a-449 shall constitute compliance with any regulation adopted pursuant to
section 22a-449e regarding notification to the board of a release.
(P.A. 88-230, S. 1, 12; P.A. 89-373, S. 7, 10; P.A. 90-98, S. 1, 2; 90-181, S. 3; P.A. 91-254, S. 4, 7; P.A. 93-142, S. 4,
7, 8; P.A. 94-28, S. 2, 3; P.A. 95-220, S. 4-6; P.A. 96-180, S. 81, 166; P.A. 04-244, S. 3; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 94.)
History: P.A. 90-181 amended Subsec. (a) to allow a responsible party to apply for costs paid, to allow application for
reimbursement and payment of costs for a suspected release, to allow the board to order reimbursement in addition to
payment, added Subdiv. (1) re requirement that reimbursement may only be ordered if the cost is or was incurred after
July 5, 1989, amended Subdiv. (2) to provide that the responsible party had to demonstrate financial responsibility under
the CFR as it was published in the Federal Register of October 26, 1988, regardless of whether the owner is required to
comply with said requirements on the date the cost is incurred, amended Subdiv. (3) to include expense for investigation
and amended Subsec. (b) to allow the board the right of subrogation if the release occurs from a tank or system which is
not in compliance with the general statutes and regulations governing such tanks and to allow the board an additional right
for subrogation against a responsible party for the first ten thousand dollars of reimbursements and payments it makes in
respect to a release unless the responsible party incurring the costs is determined not to have been liable for the release;
P.A. 91-254 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subdivs. (4) and (5) concerning a determination by the board for disbursement
from the fund, amended Subsec. (b) to authorize the attorney general to institute actions to recover amounts disbursed
from the fund, to set forth prerequisite factors for such action and to provide for payment of costs for such actions, and to
specify what may be recovered in such action, amended Subsec. (c) to provide for a process of appeal from decisions of
the board and added Subsec. (d) concerning use of the fund by the commissioner in case of a release (Revisor's note: P.A.
88-230 and P.A. 90-98 authorized substitution of "judicial district of Hartford" for "judicial district of Hartford-New
Britain at Hartford" in public and special acts of the 1991 session of the general assembly, effective September 1, 1993);
P.A. 93-142 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1993, to September 1, 1996, effective June
14, 1993; P.A. 94-28 amended Subsec. (c) to extend the time for decisions by the board regarding first applications for
reimbursement from forty-five to ninety days, effective July 1, 1994, and applicable to applications filed with the board
after said date; (Revisor's note: In 1995 the word "fund" was replaced editorially by the Revisors with "account" in
references to the former underground storage tank petroleum clean-up fund and its review board to conform section with
Secs. 22a-449b et seq., as amended by P.A. 94-130); P.A. 95-220 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September
1, 1996, to September 1, 1998, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-180 amended Subsec. (d) to correct a grammatical error,
effective June 3, 1996; P.A. 04-244 amended Subsec. (a) by adding new Subdiv. (6) re demonstration that the remediation
is not more stringent than required by remediation standards, added new Subsec. (b) re deadlines for submission of application or preauthorization request, redesignated existing Subsecs. (b) to (d) as new Subsecs. (c) to (e), respectively, and made
technical changes in said Subsec. (c), effective June 8, 2004; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 amended Subsec. (a) to add "and
remediating", to delete references to "responsible" party and to "entity", to replace "damage or personal injury" with
"bodily injury, property damage or damage to natural resources", to add requirement re attempt to provide written notice,
to delete reference to denial of release, and to add sixty-day requirement re application, designated a portion of existing
Subsec. (a) as new Subsec. (c), added new Subsec. (b) re approval of services and activities that surpass certain cost
thresholds and inclusion of fees and certification by licensed environmental professional, amended new Subsec. (c) to
make technical changes, to change names of certain entities and notification requirement, to add new criteria for applicants
in Subdivs. (7) to (10), and to specify criteria for persons other than a responsible party, added new Subsec. (d) re compliance
evaluations of existing tank systems, added new Subsec. (e) re reduction of payment or amount to be reimbursed based
on compliance evaluations, deleted former Subsec. (b)(1) and redesignated existing Subsecs. (b)(2) and (3) as Subsecs.
(f)(1) and (2), amended Subsec. (f)(1) to rephrase language re preauthorization, added new Subsec. (f)(3) re deadline for
applications, redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (g) and amended same to allow commissioner to request an
action, to revise persons from which attorney general may attempt to recover costs, to make technical changes, to delete
references to knowingly and intentionally failing to notify commissioner, to add negligent acts or omissions that constitute
noncompliance with installation, operation, and maintenance requirements in Subdiv. (2), to revise Subdiv. (3) to insert
reference to "a final" order, to replace reference to general statutes and regulations with "this chapter" or certain final
judgments, to add Subdiv. (4) re payment made from account, and to add language re inability of person to file an application
or request upon receipt of demand letter or where person is subject of an action, redesignated existing Subsec. (d) as Subsec.
(h) and amended same to change names of certain entities, to make technical changes, and to prohibit resubmission of
costs in application subject to board decision, redesignated existing Subsec. (e) as Subsec. (i) and amended same to make
a technical change and to delete language re refusal to pay first ten thousand dollars of third party claims, added Subsec.
(j) re identification of a category of activities and approval of a percentage of costs, and added Subsec. (k) re notification
of release, effective June 30, 2005.
Sec. 22a-449p. Milestones for investigation and remediation of a release. Notwithstanding any provision of sections 22a-449a to 22a-449i, inclusive, or any regulation adopted pursuant to said sections, except as provided for in subdivision (6) of this
section, with respect to the investigation and remediation of a release, the underground
storage tank clean-up account established pursuant to section 22a-449c shall be used
to provide payment or reimbursement only when any of the following milestones are
completed:
(1) A release response report prepared by an environmental professional, as defined
in section 22a-133v, has been submitted to the Commissioner of Environmental Protection which report describes: (A) All initial response actions taken that are necessary to
prevent an on-going release and to mitigate an explosion, fire or other safety hazard
resulting from the release, (B) the results of an initial site investigation that determines
the presence and extent of free product from the release, the potential for or existence
of groundwater pollution from the release which threatens the quality of drinking water
well or wells, and whether the release has resulted in soil vapors or indoor air that
threatens public health, and (C) all interim actions taken and proposed to remove such
free product to the extent technically practicable, to provide potable water to any person
whose drinking water has been polluted by a substance from the release which is above
the groundwater protection criteria or above a level determined by the Commissioner
of Public Health to be an unacceptable risk of injury to the health or safety of persons
using such groundwater as a public or private source of water for drinking or other
personal or domestic uses, whichever is more stringent, and to mitigate any risk to public
health from polluted soil vapor or indoor air resulting from the release.
(2) An interim remedial action report approved, in writing, by a licensed environmental professional has been submitted to the Commissioner of Environmental Protection or an interim remedial action report has been approved, in writing, by the commissioner. Such interim remedial action report shall describe in detail all interim remedial
action taken to: (A) Remove free product to the maximum extent technically practicable;
(B) ensure that all persons whose drinking water was polluted by the release have been
provided potable water; and (C) ensure that soil vapors which pose a risk to public health
are prevented from migrating into any overlying buildings.
(3) An investigation report and remedial action plan approved, in writing, by a
licensed environmental professional has been submitted to the Commissioner of Environmental Protection, or an investigation report and remedial action plan has been approved, in writing, by the commissioner. Such investigation report and remedial action
plan shall include a detailed description of an investigation which determines the existing
and potential extent and degree of soil, surface water, soil vapor and groundwater pollution, on and off-site, resulting from the release and describes all actions proposed to
remediate soil, surface water, air or groundwater polluted by the release in accordance
with the regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k.
(4) A soil remedial action report approved, in writing, by a licensed environmental
professional has been submitted to the Commissioner of Environmental Protection, or
a soil remedial action report has been approved, in writing, by the commissioner. Such
soil remedial action report shall describe in detail the extent of soil pollution resulting
from the release, all remedial actions taken to abate such soil pollution, and all documentation that demonstrates that such soil pollution has been remediated in accordance with
the regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k.
(5) A groundwater remedial action progress report approved, in writing, by a licensed environmental professional has been submitted to the Commissioner of Environmental Protection or a groundwater remedial action progress report has been approved,
in writing, by the commissioner. Such report may only be submitted after all construction
necessary to implement the approved groundwater remedial actions have been completed and that the groundwater remedial actions have been operated and monitored for
one year. Such report shall include a detailed description of the remedial actions, the
results of groundwater or any other monitoring conducted, an analysis of whether the
remedial actions are effective, and a proposal for any changes in the groundwater remedial actions and monitoring that may be necessary to achieve compliance with the regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k.
(6) An annual groundwater remedial action progress report approved, in writing,
by a licensed environmental professional has been submitted to the Commissioner of
Environmental Protection or approved, in writing, by the commissioner. Such report
shall include a detailed description of the remedial actions, the results of groundwater
or any other monitoring conducted for the year covered by the report, an analysis of
whether the remedial actions are effective, and a proposal for any changes in the groundwater remedial actions and monitoring that may be necessary to achieve compliance
with the regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k. A responsible party of section
22a-449f may submit to the board up to, but not more than, four separate applications
or requests for payment or reimbursement in a calendar year regarding costs, expenses
or obligations paid or incurred concerning annual groundwater monitoring or compliance with this subdivision.
(7) A final remedial action report approved by a licensed environmental professional has been submitted to the Commissioner of Environmental Protection, or a final
remedial action report has been approved, in writing, by the commissioner that documents that the release has been investigated in accordance with prevailing standards
and guidelines and that the soil, surface water, groundwater and air polluted by the
release has been remediated in accordance with the regulations adopted pursuant to
section 22a-133k.
(8) The Commissioner of Environmental Protection may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, establishing milestones for investigation and
remediation of releases or suspected releases from underground storage tank systems,
including milestones that differ from those set forth in this section. Upon the adoption
of such regulations, the milestones for investigation and remediation for which payment
or reimbursement is available from the account shall be those set forth in the regulations.
(9) This section shall apply to an application or request for reimbursement or payment received by the board on or after October 1, 2005, regardless of when the release
or suspected release occurred, whether actions in response to the release or suspected
release have already occurred or whether prior applications or requests seeking payment
or reimbursement have already been submitted to the board.
(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 95.)
History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 effective June 30, 2005.
Sec. 22a-452. (Formerly Sec. 25-54ff). Reimbursement for containment or removal costs. Liability for certain acts or omissions.
Subsec. (a):
Trial court properly considered in its valuation of property the possibility of recovering remediation costs under this
subsection. 272 C. 14.
Sec. 22a-454. (Formerly Sec. 25-54hh). Permit for collection, storage or treatment, containment, removal or disposal of certain substances, materials or wastes:
Suspension or revocation. Prohibition of disposal of certain hazardous wastes in
a land disposal facility. Status changes.
Subsec. (a):
Because department has discretion to deny a transshipment permit, applicant cannot possess a protected property interest
in such permit. 89 CA 745.
Sec. 22a-471. Pollution of groundwaters. Orders to provide potable drinking
water. Grants to municipalities. Hearing on order to abate. Appeal. Injunction.
Forfeiture for violations. Orders to persons engaged in agriculture for contamination of groundwater by pesticides. (a)(1) If the commissioner determines that pollution
of the groundwaters has occurred or can reasonably be expected to occur and the Commissioner of Public Health determines that the extent of pollution creates or can reasonably be expected to create an unacceptable risk of injury to the health or safety of persons
using such groundwaters as a public or private source of water for drinking or other
personal or domestic uses, the Commissioner of Environmental Protection shall, as
funds from the emergency spill response account established by section 22a-451 allow,
arrange for the short-term provision of potable drinking water to those residential buildings and elementary and secondary schools affected by such pollution until either he
issues an order pursuant to this section requiring the provision of such short-term supply
and the recipient complies with such order or a long-term supply of potable drinking
water has been provided, whichever is earlier. In determining if pollution creates an
unacceptable risk of injury, the Commissioner of Public Health shall balance all relevant
and substantive facts and inferences and shall not be limited to a consideration of available statistical analysis but shall consider all of the evidence presented and any factor
related to human health risks. The commissioner may issue an order to the person or
municipality responsible for such pollution requiring that potable drinking water be
provided to all persons affected by such pollution. If the commissioner finds that more
than one person or municipality is responsible for such pollution, he shall attempt to
apportion responsibility if he determines that apportionment is appropriate. If he does
not apportion responsibility, all persons and municipalities responsible for the pollution
of the groundwaters shall be jointly and severally responsible for the providing of potable
drinking water to persons affected by such pollution. If the commissioner determines
that the state or an agency or department of the state is responsible in whole or in part
for the pollution of the groundwaters, such agency or department shall prepare or arrange
for the preparation of an engineering report and shall provide or arrange for the provision
of a long-term potable drinking water supply. If the commissioner is unable to determine
the person or municipality responsible or if he determines that the responsible persons
have no assets other than land, buildings, business machinery or livestock and are unable
to secure a loan at a reasonable rate of interest to provide potable drinking water, he
may prepare or arrange for the preparation of an engineering report and provide or
arrange for the provision of a long-term potable drinking water supply or he may issue
an order to the municipality wherein groundwaters unusable for potable drinking water
are located requiring that short-term provision of potable drinking water be made to
those existing residential buildings and elementary and secondary schools affected by
such pollution and that long-term provision of potable drinking water be made to all
persons affected by such pollution. For purposes of this section, "residential building"
means any house, apartment, trailer, mobile manufactured home or other structure occupied by individuals as a dwelling, except a non-owner-occupied hotel or motel or a
correctional institution.
(2) Any order issued pursuant to this section may require the provision of potable
drinking water in such quantities as the commissioner determines are necessary for
drinking and other personal and domestic uses and may require the maintenance and
monitoring of potable water supply facilities for any period which the commissioner
determines is necessary. In making such determinations, the commissioner shall consider the short-term and long-term needs for potable drinking water and the health and
safety of those persons whose water supply is unusable. Any order may require the
submission of an engineering report which shall be subject to the approval of the commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health and include, but not be limited to, a
description in detail of the problem, area and population affected by pollution of the
groundwaters; the expected duration of and extent of the pollution; alternate solutions
including relative cost of construction or installation, operation and maintenance; design
criteria on all alternate solutions; and any other information which the commissioner
deems necessary. Upon review of such report, the commissioner and the Commissioner
of Public Health shall consider the nature of the pollution, the expected duration and
extent of the pollution, the health and safety of the persons affected, the initial and
ongoing cost-effectiveness and reliability of each alternative and any other factors which
they deem relevant, and shall approve a system or method to provide potable drinking
water pursuant to the order. Each order shall include a time schedule for the accomplishment of the steps leading to the provision of potable drinking water. Notwithstanding
the fact that a responsible party has been or may be identified or a request for a hearing
on or a pending appeal from an order issued pursuant to this section, when pollution of
the groundwaters has occurred or may reasonably be expected to occur, the commissioner may prepare or arrange for the preparation of an engineering report as described
in this subdivision and may provide or arrange for the provision of a long-term potable
drinking water supply. In any case where the state or an agency or department of the
state is responsible in whole or in part for the pollution of the groundwaters, such agency
or department shall prepare or arrange for the preparation of an engineering report and
shall provide or arrange for the provision of a long-term potable drinking water supply,
and if the state is not the sole responsible party, the commissioner shall seek reimbursement under subdivision (4) of subsection (b) of this section for the costs of such report
and for the provision of potable water. The cost of the report and of the provision of a
long-term potable drinking water supply, as funds allow, shall be paid from the emergency spill response account pursuant to the provisions of subdivision (6) of subsection
(d) of section 22a-451 or from the proceeds of any bonds authorized for the provision
of potable drinking water.
(3) The provisions of this section shall not affect the rights of any municipality to
institute suit to recover all damages, expenses and costs incurred by the municipality
from any responsible party, including, but not limited to, the costs specified in subparagraph (B)(i) and (ii) of subdivision (4) of subsection (b) of this section and, in the case
of any municipality which is not responsible for the pollution of the groundwaters, the
additional amounts specified in subparagraph (B)(iii) and (iv) of subdivision (4) of
subsection (b) of this section.
(4) No provision of this section shall limit the liability of any person who or municipality which renders the groundwaters unusable for potable drinking water from a suit
for damages by a person who or municipality which relied on said groundwaters for
potable drinking water prior to the determination by the commissioner that the groundwaters are polluted.
(5) The commissioner may issue any order pursuant to this section if the pollution
of the groundwaters occurred before or after July 1, 1982.
(6) The commissioner may at any time require further action by any person to whom
or municipality to which an order is issued pursuant to this section if he determines that
such action is necessary to protect the health and safety of those persons whose water
supply was rendered unusable.
(b) (1) (A) Any municipality not responsible for the pollution of the groundwaters
which is ordered to provide potable drinking water in accordance with subsection (a)
of this section may apply to the commissioner for a grant as provided by this subsection.
Except as provided in subparagraph (C) of subdivision (1) of this subsection and in
subdivision (2) of this subsection, the commissioner shall make grants for the short-term provision of potable drinking water and the construction or installation of individual
wells or individual water treatment systems, including, but not limited to, carbon absorption filters and shall make grants for other capital improvements for the long-term provision of potable drinking water from the emergency spill response account established
by section 22a-451 or from any bond authorization established for that purpose.
(B) The amount distributed to a municipality shall, as funds allow, equal one hundred per cent of the cost of short-term provision of potable drinking water, one hundred
per cent of the cost of the engineering report required by this section, one hundred per
cent of the cost of capital improvements for the most cost-effective long-term method
of providing potable drinking water as determined by the commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health upon consideration of such engineering report, and one hundred per cent of the cost during the first five years of installation of monitoring and
maintaining individual water treatment systems and monitoring drinking water wells
located in an area where the commissioner determines that pollution of the groundwater
is reasonably likely to occur. No state funds shall be distributed to a municipality for
the cost of operating or maintaining any potable water supply facilities other than as
specified in this subsection.
(C) Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection to the contrary, the commissioner may advance to a municipality, from the emergency spill response account established by section 22a-451 or from the proceeds of any bonds authorized for the provision
of potable drinking water, any percentage of the cost of short-term and long-term provision of potable drinking water which he deems necessary.
(2) (A) If the commissioner is unable to determine the person or municipality responsible for rendering the groundwaters unusable for potable drinking water or if he
determines that the responsible persons have no assets other than land, buildings, business machinery or livestock and are unable to secure a loan at a reasonable rate of interest
to provide potable drinking water, a water company which has less than ten thousand
customers and which owns, maintains, operates, manages, controls or employs a water
supply well which is rendered unusable for potable drinking water, may apply to the
commissioner for a grant from funds established pursuant to section 22a-451 or from
the proceeds of any bonds authorized for the provision of potable drinking water. If,
upon review of the engineering report required by this subsection to be submitted with
an application for such a grant, the commissioner determines that a grant to a water
company from the emergency spill response account established by section 22a-451 or
from the proceeds of any bonds authorized for the provision of potable drinking water
is appropriate, he may make such a grant in accordance with regulations adopted by
him pursuant to subsection (e) of this section.
(B) The total amount distributed to a water company pursuant to this subsection
shall, as funds allow, equal fifty per cent of the cost of the engineering report required
by this subsection and fifty per cent of the cost of the most cost-effective long-term
method of rendering the water supply in question usable for potable drinking water, as
determined by the commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health upon consideration of the required engineering report.
(C) For purposes of this section, "water company" and "customer" shall have the
same meaning as specified in section 25-32a.
(D) Any water company applying for a grant pursuant to this section shall prepare
or have prepared an engineering report which shall be subject to the approval of the
commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health and include, but not be limited
to, a description in detail of the problem, area and population affected by pollution of the
groundwaters; alternate solutions including relative cost of construction or installation,
operation and maintenance; design criteria on all alternate solutions and any other information the commissioner deems necessary.
(3) (A) If a municipality or water company receives funding from a private source,
a federal grant or another state grant for any cost for which a grant may be awarded
pursuant to this section, the grant under this section shall equal the specified percentage
of the costs specified in this subsection minus the amount of the other funding.
(B) If a municipality or water company receives a grant under this section and is
compensated by a person who or municipality which is responsible for rendering the
groundwaters unusable for potable drinking water, the municipality or water company
shall reimburse the account from which the funds were made available for the grant as
follows: If the compensation from the responsible party equals or exceeds the costs
toward which the grant was to be applied, the municipality or water company shall
reimburse the total amount of the grant; if the compensation is less than the cost toward
which the grant was to be applied, the municipality or water company shall reimburse
a percentage of the compensation equal to the percentage of such costs paid by the grant.
(4) (A) Notwithstanding any request for a hearing or a pending appeal therefrom,
if a person or municipality responsible for pollution of the groundwaters fails to comply
with an order of the commissioner issued pursuant to this section, the municipality
wherein such pollution is located may, after giving written notice of its intent to the
commissioner and the responsible person or municipality, undertake the actions required
by the order and seek reimbursement for the cost of such actions from the responsible
person or municipality. If at any time after receipt of such a notice, the responsible party
intends to comply with a step of the order which the municipality has not yet completed,
the responsible party may do so with the written approval of the commissioner and
municipality, provided the actions which the responsible party takes are consistent with
those taken by the municipality.
(B) The commissioner may order any person or municipality responsible for pollution of the groundwaters to reimburse the state, a water company, and any municipality
which is not responsible for pollution but received an order pursuant to this section or
which did not receive such an order but voluntarily provided potable drinking water,
for (i) the expenses each incurred in providing potable drinking water to any person
affected by such pollution, provided the required reimbursement for such expenses shall
not exceed the actual cost of short-term provision of potable drinking water and an
amount equal to the reasonable cost of planning and implementing the most cost-effective long-term method of providing potable drinking water as determined by the commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health; (ii) costs for recovering such reimbursement; (iii) interest on the expenses specified in (i) at a rate of ten per cent a year from
the date such expenses were paid; and (iv) reasonable attorney's fees. The commissioner
may request the Attorney General to bring a civil action to recover any costs or expenses
incurred by the commissioner pursuant to this subsection provided no such action may
be brought later than ten years after the date of discovery of the pollution of public or
private sources of water for drinking or other personal or domestic use.
(C) If a municipality fails to recover all expenses specified in subparagraph (B)(i)
of subdivision (4) of this subsection from the responsible party, the municipality may
apply to the commissioner for a grant in accordance with this subsection, provided the
total amount of funds received from the commissioner and the responsible party shall
not exceed the amounts specified in subparagraph (B) of subdivision (1) of subsection
(b) of this section.
(5) For purposes of this section except subdivision (3) of subsection (a) and subparagraph (B)(ii) of subdivision (4) of this subsection, "cost" includes only those costs which
the commissioner determines are necessary and reasonable, including, but not limited to,
the cost of plans and specifications, construction or installation and supervision thereof.
(6) If any grant application is pending on June 7, 1994, and is approved by the
commissioner, the percentage of costs to be paid by the grant shall be determined in
accordance with this section. Any order pending on May 31, 1985, shall be construed
in accordance with this section.
(7) Any person who or municipality which provides potable drinking water pursuant
to this section may, with the approval of the commissioner, construct or install facilities
beyond the areas included in the order or facilities which are more costly than those
which are determined to be most cost-effective, provided any request for a grant or
reimbursement shall be limited to the amounts specified in this section.
(c) Any order issued under the provisions of this section shall be subject to the
rights of any aggrieved person or municipality to a hearing before the commissioner as
provided in section 22a-436, and appeal from the final determination of the commissioner to the Superior Court as provided in section 22a-437. The request for a hearing
or pending appeal therefrom shall not constitute a condition which shall stay the commissioner from requesting that an injunction under the provisions of section 22a-6 or 22a-435, or a civil action to recover a forfeiture under the provisions of section 22a-438,
be initiated by the Attorney General. The court shall issue an injunction requiring the
recipient of the order to take the steps required by the order for short-term and long-term provision of potable drinking water unless such court determines that the issuance
of the order was arbitrary. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, a court
shall not grant a stay from any order issued pursuant to this section on the grounds that
an administrative appeal is pending. If it is thereafter determined by the Superior Court
as the result of an appeal under the provisions of section 22a-437 that the commissioner
acted arbitrarily, unreasonably or contrary to law in requiring a person or municipality
to comply with an order the commissioner shall reimburse the person or municipality
for the total costs which have been incurred from the funds established under section
22a-446.
(d) The commissioner shall not issue an order to any person pursuant to this section
if the sole basis for the order is that such person is the owner of the land from which
the source of pollution or potential source of pollution emanates.
(e) The commissioner may, in accordance with chapter 54, adopt such regulations
as he deems necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, and shall adopt regulations for the provision of grants pursuant to this section which shall include criteria for
eligibility for funds.
(f) (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, if the commissioner determines that a person whose actions have caused or can reasonably be
expected to cause pollution of the groundwaters by the application of a pesticide (A)
has properly applied the pesticide or arranged for a pesticide application which was
properly performed, (B) was engaged in agriculture at the time the pesticide was applied
and used the pesticide solely in the production of agricultural commodities, (C) has
agreed to implement the plans specified in subdivision (2) of this subsection, and (D)
maintained the records of the application of the pesticide as required by section 22a-58
and the records and plan identified in section 22a-471a, the commissioner shall not issue
an order under subsection (a) of this section to the person engaged in agriculture, but
may issue an order under said subsection (a) to another responsible person, including,
but not limited to, the producer of the pesticide, requiring the short-term and long-term provision of potable drinking water in accordance with said subsection (a). The
commissioner shall not issue an order under said subsection (a) to a person engaged in
agriculture who did not maintain the records identified under section 22a-471a if said
commissioner finds such records are not relevant to a determination of the party responsible for pollution of the groundwaters. If the commissioner is unable to determine the
responsible person, he may issue such order to the municipality wherein groundwaters
unusable for potable drinking water are located.
(2) If the commissioner determines that a person engaged in agriculture has caused
or can reasonably be expected to cause pollution of the groundwaters by pesticides,
he may cause such person to submit to the commissioner and, upon approval by the
commissioner, implement a plan to minimize the potential for groundwater contamination from the storage, handling and disposal of pesticides at the locations where such
person engaged in agriculture.
(3) For the purposes of this subsection, a pesticide is properly applied if at the time
of the application the pesticide was licensed by or registered with the state and federal
government and was applied in a manner consistent with (A) the labeling of the pesticide,
as defined in section 22a-47, (B) applicable state and federal statutes and regulations at
the time of the application, (C) any approvals or recommendations of the federal, state
or local government, including any limitations, warnings or conditions of such approvals
or recommendations, and (D) generally accepted agricultural management practices at
the time of application, considering any special geological, hydrological or soil conditions of which the farmer was aware or reasonably should have been aware.
(4) Any municipality which receives an order pursuant to subdivision (1) of this
subsection shall be eligible for a grant from the state in accordance with subparagraph
(1) of subsection (b) of this section.
(5) The provisions of this subsection shall apply to pollution of the groundwaters
by pesticides discovered on or after May 26, 1988. All orders issued pursuant to this
section by the commissioner prior to May 26, 1988, shall remain in effect unless the
orders are otherwise revoked, amended or modified by said commissioner.
(6) Nothing in this subsection, section 22a-471a or section 22a-471b shall affect or
limit any right of action of an individual against any person engaged in agriculture for
injury to person or property resulting from the use of a pesticide.
(7) For purposes of this subsection, "pesticide" shall have the same meaning as
specified in section 22a-47.
(P.A. 82-240, S. 1, 3; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-3, S. 1; P.A. 84-81, S. 3; P.A. 85-407, S. 2, 9; P.A. 86-364, S. 6; P.A. 87-191, S. 1, 2; 87-261, S. 9; P.A. 88-211, S. 1, 4; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 94-198, S. 1, 13; P.A. 95-169, S. 1; 95-257, S.
12, 21, 58; P.A. 05-288, S. 108, 109.)
History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-3 changed term "mobile home" to "mobile manufactured home" in Subsec. (a)(1); P.A.
84-81 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provision that the order may require the supply of water in quantities necessary for
domestic and personal use and authorized grants if the responsible party has no liquid assets or is unable to secure a loan;
P.A. 85-407 amended Subsec. (a) by organizing the section into subdivisions and requiring the commissioner of health
services to determine that pollution creates an unacceptable risk of injury as a prerequisite to the arrangement for provision
of potable drinking water by the commissioner of environmental protection for residential buildings and elementary and
secondary schools, by authorizing the commissioner to require maintenance and monitoring of drinking water facilities
and to require submission of an engineering report; inserted new Subsec. (b) re grants to municipalities and water companies
and relettering the existing provisions as Subsec. (c); amended relettered Subsec. (c) by specifying that the courts, in an
action for injunction, shall require the recipient of an order to implement the order unless the order is arbitrary and added
Subsecs. (d) and (e); P.A. 86-364 amended Subsec. (a) (2) to authorize environmental protection commissioner to prepare
or arrange for preparation of engineering reports where there is actual or suspected groundwater pollution and to specify
that report shall include information re expected duration and extent of pollution; P.A. 87-191 amended Subdiv. (1) (C)
of Subsec. (b) to make advances from the emergency spill response fund or from the proceeds of bonds authorized to
provide potable drinking water; P.A. 87-261 amended Subsec. (c) by adding reference to Sec. 22a-6; P.A. 88-211 added
Subsec. (f) exempting persons engaged in agriculture who contaminate groundwater by pesticides from potable drinking
water orders if Subparas. (A) to (D), inclusive, of Subdiv. (1) are complied with; P.A. 93-381 replaced commissioner of
health services with commissioner of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 94-198 amended
Subsec. (a) to specify a time limit for certain orders to provide potable water, to require responsible state agencies to
provide potable water in certain cases and to allow the use of certain bond funds for the provision of potable water and
amended Subsec. (b) to allow the use of the emergency spill response fund for the provision of potable water in certain
cases, to increase the percentages of costs of provision of potable water allowable to municipalities, to delete a requirement
that municipalities reimburse the state for certain funds disbursed to them under this section and to authorize the attorney
general to bring an action for recovery of costs under that subsection, effective June 7, 1994; (Revisor's note: In 1995 the
word "fund" was replaced editorially by the Revisors with "account" in references to the emergency spill response fund
to conform section with Sec. 22a-451, as amended by P.A. 94-130); P.A. 95-169 amended Subsec. (b) to change the
limitation on bringing an action for reimbursement of expenses under that subsection from six years after the discovery
of pollution of the groundwaters to ten years from the date of discovery of pollution of public or private sources of water
for drinking or personal or domestic use; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and
Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 05-288 made technical
changes in Subsecs. (a)(3) and (f)(1), effective July 13, 2005.
Sec. 22a-471a. Exemption from potable drinking water orders for persons engaged in agriculture. (a) The provisions of subsection (f) of section 22a-471 shall apply
to any person engaged in agriculture on May 26, 1988, who makes an application or
arranges for the application of a general use or restricted use pesticide to agricultural
or horticultural products or to the land, provided such person (1) maintains the records
specified in subsection (d) of this section, and (2) develops and implements by July 1,
1989, the plan specified in subsection (e) of this section.
(b) On and after July 1, 1989, the provisions of subsection (f) of section 22a-471
shall not apply to any person engaged in agriculture who (1) fails to maintain the records
specified in subsection (d) of this section, or (2) has not developed and implemented
the plan specified in subsection (e) of this section when such records have been maintained for less than three years.
(c) The provisions of subsection (f) of section 22a-471 shall apply to any person
beginning agricultural activities on or after July 1, 1989, who makes an application or
arranges for the application of a general use or restricted use pesticide to agricultural
or horticultural products or to the land, provided such person (1) maintains the records
specified in subsection (d) of this section, and (2) develops and implements the plan
specified in subsection (e) of this section.
(d) The records required under subsection (a) of this section shall include a record
of the following information for each application of a general or restricted use pesticide
to an agricultural or horticultural product or to the land: (1) The name of the applicator;
(2) the kind and amount of the pesticide used; (3) the date and place of application; (4)
the crop and amount of acreage treated; (5) the name of the manufacturer and the product
registration number assigned by the United States Environmental Protection Agency of
each pesticide; and (6) the invoice or purchase receipt of the pesticide. Such records
shall be maintained by the person engaged in agriculture for not less than twenty years
after the date of application.
(e) Any plan prepared under subsection (a) of this section shall be appropriate for
the agricultural activities conducted on the land and shall minimize the potential for
groundwater contamination from pesticides. Such plan shall include provisions for integrated pest management, if available, proper amounts and rates of pesticide applications,
calibration of equipment and timing and frequency of pesticide application. The plan
shall be prepared and revised as necessary in accordance with guidelines issued or approved by the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at The University of Connecticut.
(P.A. 88-211, S. 2, 4; 88-364, S. 119, 123; P.A. 05-288, S. 110.)
History: P.A. 88-364 made technical change in Subsec. (b); P.A. 05-288 made technical changes, effective July 13, 2005.
Sec. 22a-478. Eligible water quality projects. Eligible drinking water projects.
Project grants. Grant account loans. (a) The commissioner shall maintain a priority
list of eligible water quality projects and shall establish a system setting the priority for
making project grants, grant account loans and project loans. In establishing such priority
list and ranking system, the commissioner shall consider all factors he deems relevant,
including but not limited to the following: (1) The public health and safety; (2) protection
of environmental resources; (3) population affected; (4) attainment of state water quality
goals and standards; (5) consistency with the state plan of conservation and development; (6) state and federal regulations; and (7) the formation in municipalities of local
housing partnerships pursuant to the provisions of section 8-336f. The priority list of
eligible water quality projects shall include a description of each project and its purpose,
impact, cost and construction schedule, and an explanation of the manner in which
priorities were established. The commissioner shall adopt an interim priority list of
eligible water quality projects for the purpose of making project grants, grant account
loans and project loans prior to adoption of final regulations, which priority list shall
be the priority list currently in effect under subsection (c) of section 22a-439.
(b) In each fiscal year the commissioner may make project grants, grant account
loans and project loans to municipalities in the order of the priority list of eligible water
quality projects to the extent of moneys available therefor in the appropriate accounts
of the Clean Water Fund. Each municipality undertaking an eligible water quality project
may apply for and receive a project grant and loan or project grants and loans in an
amount equal to one hundred per cent of the eligible water quality project costs.
(c) The funding of an eligible water quality project shall be pursuant to a project
funding agreement between the state, acting by and through the commissioner, and the
municipality undertaking such project and shall be evidenced by a project fund obligation or grant account loan obligation, or both, or an interim funding obligation of such
municipality issued in accordance with section 22a-479. A project funding agreement
shall be in a form prescribed by the commissioner. Eligible water quality projects shall
be funded as follows:
(1) A nonpoint source pollution abatement project shall receive a project grant of
seventy-five per cent of the cost of the project determined to be eligible by the commissioner.
(2) A combined sewer project shall receive (A) a project grant of fifty per cent of
the cost of the project, and (B) a loan for the remainder of the costs of the project, not
exceeding one hundred per cent of the eligible water quality project costs.
(3) A construction contract eligible for financing awarded by a municipality on or
after July 1, 1999, as a project undertaken for nitrogen removal shall receive a project
grant of thirty per cent of the cost of the project associated with nitrogen removal, a
twenty per cent grant for the balance of the cost of the project not related to nitrogen
removal, and a loan for the remainder of the costs of the project, not exceeding one
hundred per cent of the eligible water quality project costs. Nitrogen removal projects
under design or construction on July 1, 1999, and projects that have been constructed
but have not received permanent, Clean Water Fund financing, on July 1, 1999, shall
be eligible to receive a project grant of thirty per cent of the cost of the project associated
with nitrogen removal, a twenty per cent grant for the balance of the cost of the project
not related to nitrogen removal, and a loan for the remainder of the costs of the project,
not exceeding one hundred per cent of the eligible water quality project costs.
(4) If supplemental federal grant funds are available for Clean Water Fund projects
specifically related to the clean-up of Long Island Sound that are funded on or after July
1, 2003, a distressed municipality, as defined in section 32-9p, may receive a combination of state and federal grants in an amount not to exceed fifty per cent of the cost of
the project associated with nitrogen removal, a twenty per cent grant for the balance of
the cost of the project not related to nitrogen removal, and a loan for the remainder of
the costs of the project, not exceeding one hundred per cent of the allowable water
quality project costs.
(5) A municipality with a water pollution control project, the construction of which
began on or after July 1, 2003, which has (A) a population of five thousand or less, or
(B) a population of greater than five thousand which has a discrete area containing a
population of less than five thousand that is not contiguous with the existing sewerage
system, shall be eligible to receive a grant in the amount of twenty-five per cent of the
design and construction phase of eligible project costs, and a loan for the remainder of
the costs of the project, not exceeding one hundred per cent of the eligible water quality
project costs.
(6) Any other eligible water quality project shall receive (A) a project grant of twenty
per cent of the eligible cost, and (B) a loan for the remainder of the costs of the project,
not exceeding one hundred per cent of the eligible project cost.
(7) Project agreements to fund eligible project costs with grants from the Clean
Water Fund that were executed during or after the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2003,
shall not be reduced according to the provisions of the regulations adopted under section
22a-482.
(8) On or after July 1, 2002, an eligible water quality project that exclusively addresses sewer collection and conveyance system improvements may receive a loan for
one hundred per cent of the eligible costs provided such project does not receive a project
grant. Any such sewer collection and conveyance system improvement project shall be
rated, ranked, and funded separately from other water pollution control projects and
shall be considered only if it is highly consistent with the state's conservation and development plan, or is primarily needed as the most cost effective solution to an existing
area-wide pollution problem and incorporates minimal capacity for growth.
(9) All loans made in accordance with the provisions of this section for an eligible
water quality project shall bear an interest rate of two per cent per annum. The commissioner may allow any project fund obligation, grant account loan obligation or interim
funding obligation for an eligible water quality project to be repaid by a borrowing
municipality prior to maturity without penalty.
(d) Each project loan and grant account loan for an eligible water quality project
shall be made pursuant to a project funding agreement between the state, acting by and
through the commissioner, and such municipality, and each project loan for an eligible
water quality project shall be evidenced by a project loan obligation, each grant account
loan for an eligible water quality project shall be evidenced by a grant account loan
obligation, or either may be evidenced by an interim funding obligation of such municipality issued in accordance with sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. Except as otherwise provided in said sections, each project funding agreement shall contain such terms
and conditions, including provisions for default which shall be enforceable against a
municipality, as shall be approved by the commissioner. Each project loan obligation,
grant account loan obligation or interim funding obligation issued pursuant to a project
funding agreement for an eligible water quality project shall bear interest at a rate of
two per cent per annum. Except as otherwise provided in sections 22a-475 to 22a-483,
inclusive, each project loan obligation, grant account loan obligation and interim funding
obligation shall be issued in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the
project funding agreement. Notwithstanding any other provision of the general statutes,
public act or special act to the contrary, each project loan obligation and grant account
loan obligation for an eligible water quality project shall mature no later than twenty
years from the date of completion of the construction of the project and shall be paid
in monthly installments of principal and interest or in monthly installments of principal
unless a finding is otherwise made by the Treasurer of the state requiring a different
payment schedule. Interest on each project loan obligation and grant account loan obligation for an eligible water quality project shall be payable monthly unless a finding is
otherwise made by the Treasurer of the state requiring a different payment schedule.
Principal and interest on interim funding obligations issued under a project funding
agreement for an eligible water quality project shall be payable at such time or times
as provided in the project funding agreement, not exceeding six months after the date
of completion of the planning and design phase or the construction phase, as applicable,
of the eligible water quality project, as determined by the commissioner, and may be
paid from the proceeds of a renewal note or notes or from the proceeds of a project loan
obligation or grant account loan obligation. The commissioner may allow any project
loan obligation, grant account loan obligation or interim funding obligation for an eligible water quality project to be repaid by the borrowing municipality prior to maturity
without penalty.
(e) (1) The commissioner may make a project grant or a grant account loan or both
to a municipality pursuant to a project funding agreement for the planning and design
phase of an eligible water quality project. Principal and interest on a grant account loan
for the planning and design phases of an eligible water quality project may be paid from
and included in the principal amount of a loan for the construction phase of an eligible
water quality project.
(2) In lieu of a grant and loan pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the commissioner, upon written request by a municipality, may make a project grant to such municipality in the amount of fifty-five per cent of the cost approved by the commissioner for
the planning phase of an eligible water quality project.
(3) If supplemental federal grant funds are available for Clean Water Fund projects
specifically related to the clean-up of Long Island Sound that are funded on or after July
1, 2003, a distressed municipality, as defined in section 32-9p, may receive a combination of state and federal grants in an amount not to exceed one hundred per cent of the
cost, approved by the commissioner, for the planning phase of an eligible water quality
project for nitrogen removal.
(f) A project grant, a grant account loan and a project loan for an eligible water
quality project shall not be made to a municipality unless:
(1) In the case of a project grant, grant account loan and project loan for the construction phase, final plans and specifications for such project are approved by the commissioner;
(2) Each municipality undertaking such project provides assurances satisfactory to
the commissioner that the municipality shall undertake and complete such project with
due diligence and, in the case of a project loan for the construction phase, that it shall
own such project and shall operate and maintain the eligible water quality project for a
period and in a manner satisfactory to the commissioner after completion of such project;
(3) Each municipality undertaking such project has filed with the commissioner all
applications and other documents prescribed by the commissioner within time periods
prescribed by the commissioner;
(4) Each municipality undertaking such project has established separate accounts
for the receipt and disbursement of the proceeds of such project grant, grant account
loan and project loan and has agreed to maintain project accounts in accordance with
generally accepted government accounting standards;
(5) In any case in which an eligible water quality project shall be owned or maintained by more than one municipality, the commissioner has received evidence satisfactory to the commissioner that all such municipalities are legally required to complete
their respective portions of such project;
(6) Each municipality undertaking such project has agreed to comply with such
audit requirements as may be imposed by the commissioner;
(7) In the case of a project grant, grant account loan and project loan for the construction phase, each municipality shall assure the commissioner that it has adequate legal,
institutional, managerial and financial capability to construct and operate the pollution
abatement facility for the design life of the facility; and
(8) In the case of a project grant, grant account loan and project loan for the construction phase awarded after July 1, 1991, each municipality shall demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the commissioner, that it has implemented an adequate operation and maintenance program for the municipal sewerage system for the design life of the facility.
(g) Notwithstanding any provision of sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, to the
contrary, the commissioner may make a project grant or project grants and a grant account loan or loans in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section
with respect to an eligible water quality project without regard to the priority list of
eligible water quality projects if a public emergency exists which requires that the eligible water quality project be undertaken to protect the public health and safety or the
natural and environmental resources of the state.
(h) The Department of Public Health shall establish and maintain a priority list of
eligible drinking water projects and shall establish a system setting the priority for making project loans to eligible public water systems. In establishing such priority list and
ranking system, the Commissioner of Public Health shall consider all factors which he
deems relevant, including but not limited to the following: (1) The public health and
safety; (2) protection of environmental resources; (3) population affected; (4) risk to
human health; (5) public water systems most in need on a per household basis according
to applicable state affordability criteria; (6) compliance with the applicable requirements
of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act and other related federal acts; (7) applicable
state and federal regulations. The priority list of eligible drinking water projects shall
include a description of each project and its purpose, impact, cost and construction
schedule, and an explanation of the manner in which priorities were established. The
Commissioner of Public Health shall adopt an interim priority list of eligible drinking
water projects for the purpose of making project loans prior to adoption of final regulations, and in so doing may utilize existing rules and regulations of the department relating
to the program. To the extent required by applicable federal law, the Department of
Public Health and the Commissioner of Environmental Protection shall prepare any
required intended use plan with respect to eligible drinking water projects; (8) consistency with the plan of conservation and development; (9) consistency with the policies
delineated in section 22a-380; and (10) consistency with the coordinated water system
plan in accordance with subsection (f) of section 25-33d.
(i) In each fiscal year the commissioner may make project loans to recipients in the
order of the priority list of eligible drinking water projects to the extent of moneys
available therefor in the appropriate accounts of the Clean Water Fund. Each recipient
undertaking an eligible drinking water project may apply for and receive a project loan
or loans in an amount equal to one hundred per cent of the eligible project costs.
(j) The funding of an eligible drinking water project shall be pursuant to a project
funding agreement between the state, acting by and through the Commissioner of Environmental Protection and the Commissioner of Public Health, and the recipient undertaking such project and shall be evidenced by a project fund obligation or an interim
funding obligation of such recipient issued in accordance with section 22a-479. A project
funding agreement shall be in a form prescribed by the Commissioner of Environmental
Protection and the Commissioner of Public Health. Any eligible drinking water project
shall receive a project loan for the costs of the project. All loans made in accordance
with the provisions of this section for an eligible drinking water project shall bear an
interest rate not exceeding one-half the rate of the average net interest cost as determined
by the last previous similar bond issue by the state of Connecticut as determined by
the State Bond Commission in accordance with subsection (t) of section 3-20. The
commissioner may allow any project fund obligation or interim funding obligation for
an eligible drinking water project to be repaid by a borrowing recipient prior to maturity
without penalty.
(k) Each project loan for an eligible drinking water project shall be made pursuant
to a project funding agreement between the state, acting by and through the Commissioner of Environmental Protection and the Department of Public Health, and such
recipient, and each project loan for an eligible drinking water project shall be evidenced
by a project loan obligation or by an interim funding obligation of such recipient issued
in accordance with sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. Except as otherwise provided
in said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, each project funding agreement shall
contain such terms and conditions, including provisions for default which shall be enforceable against a recipient, as shall be approved by the Commissioner of Environmental Protection and the Commissioner of Public Health. Each project loan obligation or
interim funding obligation issued pursuant to a project funding agreement for an eligible
drinking water project shall bear an interest rate not exceeding one-half the rate of the
average net interest cost as determined by the last previous similar bond issue by the
state of Connecticut as determined by the State Bond Commission in accordance with
subsection (t) of section 3-20. Except as otherwise provided in said sections 22a-475
to 22a-483, inclusive, each project loan obligation and interim funding obligation shall
be issued in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the project funding
agreement. Notwithstanding any other provision of the general statutes, public act or
special act to the contrary, each project loan obligation for an eligible drinking water
project shall mature no later than twenty years from the date of completion of the construction of the project and shall be paid in monthly installments of principal and interest
or in monthly installments of principal unless a finding is otherwise made by the State
Treasurer requiring a different payment schedule. Interest on each project loan obligation for an eligible drinking water project shall be payable monthly unless a finding is
otherwise made by the State Treasurer requiring a different payment schedule. Principal
and interest on interim funding obligations issued under a project funding agreement
for an eligible drinking water project shall be payable at such time or times as provided
in the project funding agreement, not exceeding six months after the date of completion
of the planning and design phase or the construction phase, as applicable, of the eligible
drinking water project, as determined by the Commissioner of Environmental Protection
and the Commissioner of Public Health, and may be paid from the proceeds of a renewal
note or notes or from the proceeds of a project loan obligation. The commissioner may
allow any project loan obligation or interim funding obligation for an eligible drinking
water project to be repaid by the borrowing recipient prior to maturity without penalty
with the concurrence of the Commissioner of Public Health.
(l) The Commissioner of Environmental Protection and the Commissioner of Public
Health may make a project loan to a recipient pursuant to a project funding agreement
for an eligible drinking water project for the planning and design phase of an eligible
project, to the extent provided by the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended.
Principal and interest on a project loan for the planning and design phases of an eligible
drinking water project may be paid from and included in the principal amount of a loan
for the construction phase of an eligible drinking water project.
(m) A project loan for an eligible drinking water project shall not be made to a
recipient unless: (1) In the case of a project loan for the construction phase, final plans
and specifications for such project are approved by the Commissioner of Public Health,
and when the recipient is a water company, as defined in section 16-1, with the concurrence of the Department of Public Utility Control, and with the approval of the Commissioner of Environmental Protection for consistency with financial requirements of the
general statutes, regulations and resolutions; (2) each recipient undertaking such project
provides assurances satisfactory to the Commissioner of Public Health and the Commissioner of Environmental Protection that the recipient shall undertake and complete such
project with due diligence and, in the case of a project loan for the construction phase,
that it shall own such project and shall operate and maintain the eligible drinking water
project for a period and in a manner satisfactory to the Department of Public Health
after completion of such project; (3) each recipient undertaking such project has filed
with the Commissioner of Public Health all applications and other documents prescribed
by the Commissioner of Environmental Protection, the Department of Public Utility
Control and the Commissioner of Public Health within time periods prescribed by the
Commissioner of Public Health; (4) each recipient undertaking such project has established separate accounts for the receipt and disbursement of the proceeds of such project
loan and has agreed to maintain project accounts in accordance with generally accepted
government accounting standards or uniform system of accounts, as applicable; (5) in
any case in which an eligible drinking water project shall be owned or maintained by
more than one recipient, the commissioner has received evidence satisfactory to him
that all such recipients are legally required to complete their respective portions of such
project; (6) each recipient undertaking such project has agreed to comply with such
audit requirements as may be imposed by the commissioner; and (7) in the case of a
project loan for the construction phase, each recipient shall assure the Commissioner
of Environmental Protection, the Department of Public Utility Control, as required, and
the Commissioner of Public Health that it has adequate legal, institutional, technical,
managerial and financial capability to ensure compliance with the requirements of applicable federal law, except to the extent otherwise permitted by federal law.
(n) Notwithstanding any provision of sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, to the
contrary, the Commissioner of Public Health with the concurrence of the Commissioner
of Environmental Protection may make a project loan or loans in accordance with the
provisions of subsection (j) of this section with respect to an eligible drinking water
project without regard to the priority list of eligible drinking water projects if a public
drinking water supply emergency exists, pursuant to section 25-32b, which requires that
the eligible drinking water project be undertaken to protect the public health and safety.
(o) The commissioner shall prepare an annual report to the Governor within ninety
days after the completion of each fiscal year which includes a list of project funding
agreements entered into during the fiscal year then ended, the estimated year that funding
will be available for specific projects listed on each priority list of eligible projects and
a financial report on the condition of the Clean Water Fund for the fiscal year then ended,
which shall include a certification by the commissioner of any amounts to become
available for payment of debt service or for the purchase or redemption of bonds during
the next succeeding fiscal year.
(P.A. 86-420, S. 4, 12; P.A. 87-571, S. 4, 7; P.A. 88-305, S. 3, 4; P.A. 89-377, S. 4, 8; P.A. 90-301, S. 3, 8; June Sp.
Sess. P.A. 90-1, S. 4, 10; P.A. 91-246, S. 2; P.A. 94-108, S. 2; P.A. 96-181, S. 113, 121; P.A. 99-241, S. 13, 66; May 9
Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-5, S. 11: P.A. 03-218, S. 1, 2; P.A. 04-185, S. 1; P.A. 05-288, S. 111.)
History: P.A. 87-571 amended Subsec. (b) to provide for cost determination based on cost used by the federal Environmental Protection Agency to make water pollution control construction grants and made other technical changes; P.A. 88-305 added Subdiv. (7) in Subsec. (a) re formation of local housing partnerships; P.A. 89-377 amended Subsec. (d) to
provide for monthly, rather than annual, payment of principal and interest, unless the treasurer determines otherwise; P.A.
90-301 amended Subsec. (f) by adding Subdiv. (7) re grants and loans for construction phase and Subdiv. (8) re project
grants; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 90-1 amended Subsec. (d) to provide that the maturation date of loan obligations shall be
determined from the date of completion of construction rather than from issuance of the loan obligation; P.A. 91-246
amended Subsec. (c) to allow certain nonpoint source pollution abatement projects to receive grants of up to seventy-five
per cent of the cost of such projects approved by the commissioner; P.A. 94-108 amended Subsec. (e) to add new Subdiv.
(2) re optional project grant for planning for eligible water quality projects; P.A. 96-181 added new Subsecs. (h) to (n),
inclusive, re public drinking water projects, relettered existing Subsec. (h) as Subsec. (o) and made conforming changes,
effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 99-241 amended Subsec. (c) to provide thirty per cent grants for certain nitrogen removal
projects, effective July 1, 1999 (Revisor's note: In codifying P.A. 99-241 the Revisors editorially changed the phrase "...
but have nor received payment, ..." to "but have not received payment, ..." for accuracy); May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-5
amended Subsec. (c) to add provisions re loans for projects that exclusively address sewer collection and conveyance
system improvements and to make a technical change, effective July 1, 2002; P.A. 03-218 amended Subsec. (c) by designating existing provisions re amounts, etc. as Subdivs. (1) to (3), inclusive, (6), and (8) to (10), inclusive, deleting language
in Subdiv. (2) and (6) re the cost the Environmental Protection Agency uses in making grants, adding provision in Subdiv.
(3) re twenty per cent grant for the balance of the cost of the project not related to nitrogen removal for projects prior to
and on or after July 1, 1999, and provision re loan for the remainder of the costs, not exceeding one hundred per cent of
the costs for projects prior to July 1, 1999, adding new Subdiv. (4) re projects related to the clean-up of Long Island Sound
in a distressed municipality, adding new Subdiv. (5) re project in a municipality with a population of five thousand or less
or such a population in a discrete area, replacing "cost" with "eligible cost" in Subdiv. (6)(A), adding new Subdiv. (7) re
project agreements executed during or after the 2003 fiscal year, and amending Subdiv. (9) to replace "and shall" with
"provided such project does", and added new Subsec. (e)(3) re supplemental federal grant funds for Long Island Sound
projects in a distressed municipality, effective July 1, 2003; P.A. 04-185 amended Subsec. (c) by deleting former Subdiv.
(8) re loan for one hundred per cent of the eligible costs on or after July 1, 2006, and redesignating existing Subdivs. (9)
and (10) as new Subdivs. (8) and (9); P.A. 05-288 made technical changes in Subsec. (c)(8), effective July 13, 2005.
Sec. 22a-483. Bond issue for Clean Water Fund projects. (a) For the purposes
of sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, the State Bond Commission shall have the
power, from time to time to authorize the issuance of bonds of the state in one or more
series and in principal amounts, not exceeding in the aggregate seven hundred eighty-one million thirty thousand dollars, provided twenty million dollars of said authorization
shall be effective July 1, 2006.
(b) The proceeds of the sale of any bonds, state bond anticipation notes or state
grant anticipation notes issued pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, shall
be deposited in the Clean Water Fund and not less than fifty million dollars of such
proceeds shall be deposited in the Long Island Sound clean-up account of said fund.
(c) All provisions of section 3-20, or the exercise of any right or power granted
thereby which are not inconsistent with the provisions of sections 22a-475 to 22a-483,
inclusive, are hereby adopted and shall apply to all bonds authorized by the State Bond
Commission pursuant to said sections, and temporary notes in anticipation of the money
to be derived from the sale of any such bonds so authorized may be issued in accordance
with said section 3-20 and from time to time renewed. None of said bonds shall be
authorized except upon a finding by the State Bond Commission that there has been
filed with it a request for such authorization, which is signed by or on behalf of the
Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and states such terms and conditions
as said commission, in its discretion, may require. Said bonds issued pursuant to sections
22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, may be general obligations of the state and in such case
the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the
principal of and interest on said bonds as the same become due, and accordingly and as
part of the contract of the state with the holders of said bonds, appropriation of all
amounts necessary for punctual payment of such principal and interest is hereby made,
and the Treasurer shall pay such principal and interest as the same become due. Such
general obligation bonds shall mature at such time or times not exceeding twenty years
from their respective dates as may be provided in or pursuant to the resolution or resolutions of the State Bond Commission authorizing such general obligation bonds. The
state, acting by and through the State Bond Commission, is hereby authorized to issue
from time to time general obligation bonds in such sums as is appropriate and necessary
to meet the state's matching requirement for eligibility pursuant to the federal Water
Quality Act of 1987 or the federal Safe Drinking Water Act or other similar federal
act, provided such sums shall not exceed the aggregate principal amounts of bonds
authorized pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. Whenever such bonds are so authorized, the state's obligations shall be issued on such terms and conditions as shall be
determined and established by the Treasurer. Such bonds shall bear such rate of interest
as the treasurer shall determine, by reference to such open market indices for obligations
having similar terms and characteristics as the Treasurer shall determine relevant, in
order to arrive at a taxable rate of interest on the obligations of the state issued and sold
to the Clean Water Fund. The Treasurer shall deliver such bonds to the Clean Water Fund
upon the receipt of evidence from the Environmental Protection Agency evidencing
satisfaction by the state of its federal matching requirement pursuant to the federal Water
Quality Act of 1987 or the federal Safe Drinking Water Act or other similar federal act.
(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall preclude the State Bond
Commission from authorizing the issuance of revenue bonds, in principal amounts not
exceeding in the aggregate one billion three hundred thirty-eight million four hundred
thousand dollars, provided one hundred million dollars of said authorization shall be
effective July 1, 2006, that are not general obligations of the state of Connecticut to
which the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment
of the principal and interest. Such revenue bonds shall mature at such time or times not
exceeding thirty years from their respective dates as may be provided in or pursuant to
the resolution or resolutions of the State Bond Commission authorizing such revenue
bonds. The revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant
anticipation notes authorized to be issued under sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive,
shall be special obligations of the state and shall not be payable from nor charged upon
any funds other than the revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor
as provided in said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, including the repayment of
municipal loan obligations; nor shall the state or any political subdivision thereof be
subject to any liability thereon except to the extent of such pledged revenues or the
receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor as provided in said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. The issuance of revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes
and revenue state grant anticipation notes under the provisions of said sections 22a-475
to 22a-483, inclusive, shall not directly or indirectly or contingently obligate the state
or any political subdivision thereof to levy or to pledge any form of taxation whatever
therefor or to make any appropriation for their payment. The revenue bonds, revenue
state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes shall not constitute a charge, lien or encumbrance, legal or equitable, upon any property of the state or
of any political subdivision thereof, except the property mortgaged or otherwise encumbered under the provisions and for the purposes of said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483,
inclusive. The substance of such limitation shall be plainly stated on the face of each
revenue bond, revenue state bond anticipation note and revenue state grant anticipation
note issued pursuant to said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, shall not be subject
to any statutory limitation on the indebtedness of the state and such revenue bonds,
revenue state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes, when
issued, shall not be included in computing the aggregate indebtedness of the state in
respect to and to the extent of any such limitation. As part of the contract of the state
with the owners of such revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes, all amounts necessary for the punctual payment of
the debt service requirements with respect to such revenue bonds, revenue state bond
anticipation notes and revenue state grant anticipation notes shall be deemed appropriated, but only from the sources pledged pursuant to said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. The proceeds of such revenue bonds or notes may be deposited in the
Clean Water Fund for use in accordance with the permitted uses of such fund. Any
expense incurred in connection with the carrying out of the provisions of this section,
including the costs of issuance of revenue bonds, revenue state bond anticipation notes
and revenue state grant anticipation notes may be paid from the accrued interest and
premiums or from any other proceeds of the sale of such revenue bonds, revenue state
bond anticipation notes or revenue state grant anticipation notes and in the same manner
as other obligations of the state. All provisions of subsections (g), (k), (l), (s) and (u) of
section 3-20 or the exercise of any right or power granted thereby which are not inconsistent with the provisions of said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, are hereby adopted
and shall apply to all revenue bonds, state revenue bond anticipation notes and state
revenue grant anticipation notes authorized by the State Bond Commission pursuant to
said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. For the purposes of subsection (o) of section
3-20, "bond act" shall be construed to include said sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive.
(e) Any pledge made by the state pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive,
is a statutory pledge and shall be valid and binding from the time when the pledge is
made, and any revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys so pledged and thereafter
received by the state shall be subject immediately to the lien of such pledge without any
physical delivery thereof or further act. The lien of any such pledge shall be valid and
binding as against all parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise
against the state, irrespective of whether such parties have notice thereof. Neither the
resolution nor any other instrument by which a pledge is created need be recorded. Any
pledge made by the state pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, to secure
revenue bonds issued to finance eligible water quality projects shall secure only revenue
bonds issued for such purpose and any such pledge made by the state to secure revenue
bonds issued to finance eligible drinking water projects shall secure only revenue bonds
issued for such purpose.
(f) Whenever the General Assembly has authorized the State Bond Commission to
authorize bonds of the state for clean water projects and uses and has found that such
projects and uses are for any of the purposes set forth in sections 22a-475 to 22a-483,
inclusive, and whenever the State Bond Commission finds that the authorization of such
bonds will be in the best interests of the state, the State Bond Commission shall authorize
the issuance of such bonds from time to time in one or more series and in principal
amounts not exceeding the aggregate amount authorized by the General Assembly.
(g) Whenever the state has a written commitment to receive a grant-in-aid or similar
form of assistance with respect to a project or program for which the issuance of bonds
has been authorized pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, the Treasurer
may issue state grant anticipation notes in anticipation of the issuance of such a grant-in-aid or other assistance provided (1) the total amount of such notes shall not exceed
the amount of the grant commitment which has not been paid to the state and (2) all
grant payments with respect to such project or program received by the state, to the
extent required, shall be applied promptly toward repayment of such temporary notes
as the same shall become due and payable, or shall be deposited in trust for such purpose.
Notes evidencing such borrowings shall be signed by the manual or facsimile signature
of the Treasurer or his deputy. The principal of and interest on any state grant anticipation
notes issued pursuant to this subsection may be repaid from the proceeds of renewals
thereof, from grants-in-aid or other assistance pledged for the payment thereof, or from
the proceeds of a credit facility including, but not limited to, a letter of credit or policy
of bond insurance.
(h) Bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes issued
pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, are hereby made securities in which
public officers and public bodies of the state and its political subdivisions, all insurance
companies, credit unions, building and loan associations, investment companies, banking associations, trust companies, executors, administrators, trustees and other fiduciaries and pension, profit-sharing and retirement funds may properly and legally invest
funds, including capital in their control or belonging to them. Such bonds, state bond
anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes are hereby made securities which
may properly and legally be deposited with and received by any state or municipal
officer or any agency or political subdivision of the state for any purpose for which the
deposit of bonds, state bond anticipation notes, state grant anticipation notes or other
obligations of the state is now or may hereafter be authorized by law.
(i) The proceedings under which bonds are authorized to be issued may, subject to
the provisions of the general statutes, contain any or all of the following: (1) Provisions
respecting custody of the proceeds from the sale of the bonds and any bond anticipation
notes, including any requirements that such proceeds be held separate from or not be
commingled with other funds of the state; (2) provisions for the investment and reinvestment of bond proceeds utilized to pay project costs and for the disposition of any excess
bond proceeds or investment earnings thereon; (3) provisions for the execution of reimbursement agreements or similar agreements in connection with credit facilities, including, but not limited to, letters of credit or policies of bond insurance, remarketing
agreements and agreements for the purpose of moderating interest rate fluctuations, and
of such other agreements entered into pursuant to section 3-20a; (4) provisions for the
collection, custody, investment, reinvestment and use of the pledged revenues or other
receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor as provided in sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive; (5) provisions regarding the establishment and maintenance of reserves,
sinking funds and any other funds and accounts as shall be approved by the State Bond
Commission in such amounts as may be established by the State Bond Commission,
and the regulation and disposition thereof, or the establishment of a reserve fund of the
state into which may be deposited any moneys appropriated and made available by the
state for such fund, any proceeds of the sale of bonds or notes, to the extent provided
in the resolution of the state authorizing the issuance thereof, and any other moneys
which may be made available to the state for the purpose of such fund from any source
whatever and, in lieu of the deposit of any such moneys, evidence by the state of the
satisfaction of a federal matching requirement on the part of the state pursuant to the
federal Water Quality Act of 1987 or the federal Safe Drinking Water Act or other related
federal act, as applicable, including requirements that any such funds and accounts be
held separate from or not be commingled with other funds of the state; (6) covenants
for the establishment of pledged revenue coverage requirements for the bonds and state
bond anticipation notes; (7) provisions for the issuance of additional bonds on a parity
with bonds theretofore issued, including establishment of coverage requirements with
respect thereto as herein provided; (8) provisions regarding the rights and remedies
available in case of a default to bondowners, noteowners or any trustee under any contract, loan agreement, document, instrument or trust indenture, including the right to
appoint a trustee to represent their interests upon occurrence of an event of default, as
defined in said proceedings, provided that if any bonds or state bond anticipation notes
shall be secured by a trust indenture, the respective owners of such bonds or notes shall
have no authority except as set forth in such trust indenture to appoint a separate trustee
to represent them; (9) provisions for the payment of rebate amounts; and (10) provisions
or covenants of like or different character from the foregoing which are consistent with
sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, and which the State Bond Commission determines in such proceedings are necessary, convenient or desirable in order to better secure
the bonds or state bond anticipation notes, or will tend to make the bonds or state bond
anticipation notes more marketable, and which are in the best interests of the state. Any
provision which may be included in proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds
hereunder may be included in an indenture of trust duly approved in accordance with
sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, which secures the bonds and any notes issued
in anticipation thereof, and in such case the provisions of such indenture shall be deemed
to be a part of such proceedings as though they were expressly included therein.
(j) Whether or not any bonds, state bond anticipation notes or state grant anticipation
notes issued pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, are of such form and
character as to be negotiable instruments under the terms of title 42a, such bonds, state
bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes are hereby made negotiable
instruments within the meaning of and for all purposes of title 42a, subject only to the
provisions of such bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes
for registration.
(k) The state covenants with the purchasers and all subsequent owners and transferees of bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes issued by
the state pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, in consideration of the
acceptance of and payment for the bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant
anticipation notes, that such bonds, state bond anticipation notes and state grant anticipation notes shall be free at all times from taxes levied by any municipality or political
subdivision or special district having taxing powers of the state and the principal and
interest of any bonds, state bond anticipation notes and grant anticipation notes issued
under the provisions of sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, their transfer and the
income therefrom, including revenues derived from the sale thereof, shall at all times
be free from taxation of every kind by the state of Connecticut or under its authority,
except for estate or succession taxes. The Treasurer is authorized to include this covenant
of the state in any agreement with the owner of any such bonds, state bond anticipation
notes or state grant anticipation notes.
(l) Pending the use and application of any bond proceeds, such proceeds may be
invested by, or at the direction of the State Treasurer, in obligations listed in section 3-20 or in investment agreements rated within the top rating categories of any nationally
recognized rating service or in investment agreements secured by obligations, of or
guaranteed by, the United States or agencies or instrumentalities of the United States.
(m) Any revenue bonds issued under the provisions of sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, and at any time outstanding may, at any time and from time to time, be
refunded by the state by the issuance of its revenue refunding bonds in such amounts
as the State Bond Commission may deem necessary, but not to exceed an amount sufficient to refund the principal of the revenue bonds to be so refunded, to pay any unpaid
interest thereon and any premiums and commissions necessary to be paid in connection
therewith and to pay costs and expenses which the Treasurer may deem necessary or
advantageous in connection with the authorization, sale and issuance of refunding bonds.
Any such refunding may be effected whether the revenue bonds to be refunded shall
have matured or shall thereafter mature. All revenue refunding bonds issued hereunder
shall be payable solely from the revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys out of
which the revenue bonds to be refunded thereby are payable and shall be subject to and
may be secured in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(n) The Treasurer shall have power, out of any funds available therefor, to purchase
revenue bonds, state revenue bond anticipation notes and state revenue grant anticipation
notes of the state issued pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive. The Treasurer may hold, pledge, cancel or resell such bonds or notes, subject to and in accordance
with agreements with bondholders or noteholders, as applicable.
(P.A. 86-420, S. 9, 12; P.A. 87-405, S. 22, 26; 87-571, S. 6, 7; P.A. 88-343, S. 14, 32; P.A. 89-331, S. 21, 30; 89-377,
S. 6, 8; P.A. 90-297, S. 14, 24; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 90-1, S. 7, 10; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-4, S. 16, 17, 25; P.A. 92-113, S.
1, 2; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-7, S. 17, 18, 36; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 93-1, S. 12, 13, 36, 45; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2, S. 10,
11, 203; P.A. 95-272, S. 11, 12, 29; P.A. 96-181, S. 116-118, 121; June 5 Sp. sess. P.A. 97-1, S. 15, 16, 20; P.A. 98-124,
S. 9, 12; 98-259, S. 11, 17; P.A. 99-241, S. 14, 15, 66; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-7, S. 6, 7, 28; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-5, S.
12; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-1, S. 8; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2, S. 58; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-5, S. 10, 11.)
History: P.A. 87-405 increased the bond authorization from forty million dollars to eighty million dollars; P.A. 87-571
added Subsec. (d) regarding issuance of bonds that are not general obligations of the state; P.A. 88-343 increased the
bond authorization from eighty million dollars to one hundred twenty million dollars; P.A. 89-331 increased the bond
authorization from one hundred twenty million dollars to two hundred twenty million dollars and provided that twenty-five million dollars of the proceeds be deposited in the Long Island Sound account; P.A. 89-377 would have changed
aggregate total in Subsec. (a) from one hundred twenty million dollars to one hundred forty-five million dollars but for
precedence of P.A. 89-331, reiterated provision of P.A. 89-331 re addition of twenty-five million dollars to the Long Island
Sound clean-up account, provided that the obligations may, rather than shall, be general obligations of the state and added
Subdivs. (e) to (l), inclusive; P.A. 90-297 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the bond authorization from two hundred twenty
million dollars to three hundred forty-five million dollars, amended Subsec. (b) to increase the minimum deposit in the
clean water fund from twenty-five million dollars to fifty million dollars, amended Subsec. (c) to require that requests for
authorizations be signed by the secretary of the office of policy and management rather than by the commissioner of
environmental protection and amended Subsec. (d) to limit revenue bonds to principal amounts not exceeding in the
aggregate one hundred million dollars; June Sp. Sess. 90-1 amended Subsec. (c) to include provisions regarding the issuance
of general obligation bonds to meet the matching requirements of federal law and to be delivered to the clean water fund,
amended Subsec. (d) to clarify the status and method of issuance of revenue bonds, amended Subsec. (h) to remove credit
unions, building and loan associations and investment companies from the list of possible investors, amended Subdiv. (5)
of Subsec. (i) to clarify the extent to which and manner in which reserve funds could be used, amended Subsec. (k) to
reword the provisions concerning state tax exemption and added Subsec. (m), concerning revenue refunding bonds, and
Subsec. (n), concerning repurchase of revenue obligations; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-4, in Subsec. (a), increased the bond
authorization from three hundred forty-five million dollars to three hundred ninety-five million dollars and in Subsec. (d),
increased the bond authorization from one hundred million dollars to three hundred million dollars; P.A. 92-113 amended
Subsec. (c) to provide that the rate determined by the treasurer shall be a taxable, rather than tax-exempt, rate; May Sp.
Sess. P.A. 92-7 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the bond authorization from three hundred ninety-five million dollars to
four hundred twenty-five million dollars and amended Subsec. (d) to increase the bond authorization from three hundred
million dollars to three hundred thirty million dollars; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 93-1 amended Subsec. (a) to increase bond
authorization from four hundred twenty-five million dollars to five hundred fifty-eight million eight hundred seventy
thousand dollars, provided seventy-five million twenty thousand dollars of said authorization shall be effective July 1,
1994, amended Subsec. (d) to increase bond authorization from three hundred thirty million dollars to four hundred seventy-five million four hundred thousand dollars, provided fifty-one million six hundred thousand dollars of said authorization
shall be effective July 1, 1994, and further amended Subsec. (c) to move provision re bond maturity and amended Subsec.
(d) to provide that bonds shall mature not more than thirty years from their dates and that expenses of carrying out provisions
may be paid from accrued interest and premiums or other sale proceeds, effective July 1, 1993; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2
in Subsec. (a) decreased bond authorization from five hundred fifty-eight million eight hundred seventy thousand dollars
to five hundred thirty-six million two hundred seventy thousand dollars and in Subsec. (d) decreased bond authorization
from four hundred seventy-five million four hundred thousand dollars to four hundred sixty-six million nine hundred
thousand dollars, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-272 amended Subsec. (a) to increase authorization amount from five
hundred thirty-six million two hundred seventy thousand dollars to five hundred seventy-six million three hundred thirty
thousand dollars, effective July 1, 1995, provided twenty-three million five hundred eighty thousand dollars shall be
effective July 1, 1996, and amended Subsec. (d) to increase authorization amount from four hundred sixty-six million nine
hundred thousand dollars to six hundred thirty-three million three hundred thousand dollars, effective July 1, 1995, provided
forty-one million dollars shall be effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-181 amended Subsec. (c) and (i) to add federal Safe
Drinking Water Act or similar federal act, and amended Subsec. (e) to add provision re securing revenue bonds issued to
finance eligible drinking water projects, effective July 1, 1996; June 5 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-1 amended Subsec. (a) to increase
bond authorization from five hundred seventy-six million three hundred thirty thousand dollars to six hundred thirty-five
million three hundred thirty thousand dollars provided fourteen million dollars of that authorization is effective July 1,
1998, and amended Subsec. (d) to increase bond authorization from six hundred thirty-three million three hundred thousand
dollars to eight hundred sixty-seven million nine hundred thousand dollars provided eighty-three million three hundred
thousand dollars of that authorization is effective July 1, 1998, effective July 31, 1997; P.A. 98-124 amended Subdiv. (3)
of Subsec. (i) to add agreements entered into pursuant to Sec. 3-20a, effective May 27, 1998; P.A. 98-259 amended Subsec.
(a) to decrease authorization from $635,330,000 to $621,330,000 and deleted proviso re use of $14,000,000, effective July
1, 1998; P.A. 99-241 amended Subsec. (a) to increase authorization from $621,330,000 to $717,830,000, effective July 1,
1999, provided $53,100,000 is effective July 1, 2000 and amended Subsec. (d) to increase authorization from $867,900,000
to $999,400,000, effective July 1, 1999, provided $66,900,000 is effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-7 amended
Subsec. (a) to increase authorization from $717,830,000 to $797,830,000 provided $40,000,000 is effective July 1, 2002,
and amended Subsec. (d) to increase authorization from $999,400,000 to $1,238,400,000 provided $158,000,000 is effective July 1, 2002, effective July 1, 2001; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-5 amended Subsec. (a) to increase authorization from
$797,830,000 to $801,030,000 and to provide that $60,000,000 of said authorization shall be effective July 1, 2003, effective
July 1, 2002; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-1 amended Subsec. (a) to reduce aggregate authorization to $741,030,000 and deleted
provision re funds authorized in 2003, effective July 1, 2004; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2 amended Subsec. (e) to provide
that pledges made by the state under Secs. 22a-475 to 22a-483, inclusive, are statutory and not subject to the Uniform
Commercial Code, effective May 12, 2004, and applicable to any pledge, lien or security interest of this state or any political
subdivision of this state, which was in existence on October 1, 2003, or created after October 1, 2003; June Sp. Sess.
P.A. 05-5 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the aggregate authorization from $741,030,000 to $781,030,000, of which
$20,000,000 is effective July 1, 2006, and amended Subsec. (d) to increase the aggregate authorization from $1,238,400,000
to $1,338,400,000, of which $100,000,000 is effective July 1, 2006, effective July 1, 2005.